| Benchmarking Methodology Working Group | B. Balarajah |
| Internet-Draft | C. Rossenhoevel |
| Intended status: Informational | EANTC AG |
| Expires: April 17, 2019 | October 14, 2018 |
Benchmarking Methodology for Network Security Device Performance
draft-balarajah-bmwg-ngfw-performance-05
This document provides benchmarking terminology and methodology for next-generation network security devices including next-generation firewalls (NGFW), intrusion detection and prevention solutions (IDS/IPS) and unified threat management (UTM) implementations. The document aims to strongly improve the applicability, reproducibility, and transparency of benchmarks and to align the test methodology with today's increasingly complex layer 7 application use cases. The main areas covered in this document are test terminology, traffic profiles and benchmarking methodology for NGFWs to start with.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on April 17, 2019.
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15 years have passed since IETF recommended test methodology and terminology for firewalls initially ([RFC2647], [RFC3511]). The requirements for network security element performance and effectiveness have increased tremendously since then. Security function implementations have evolved to more advanced areas and have diversified into intrusion detection and prevention, threat management, analysis of encrypted traffic, etc. In an industry of growing importance, well-defined and reproducible key performance indicators (KPIs) are increasingly needed: They enable fair and reasonable comparison of network security functions. All these reasons have led to the creation of a new next-generation firewall benchmarking document.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
This document provides testing terminology and testing methodology for next-generation firewalls and related security functions. It covers two main areas: Performance benchmarks and security effectiveness testing. The document focuses on advanced, realistic, and reproducible testing methods. Additionally, it describes test bed environments, test tool requirements and test result formats.
Test setup defined in this document is applicable to all benchmarking test scenarios described in Section 7.
Testbed configuration MUST ensure that any performance implications that are discovered during the benchmark testing aren't due to the inherent physical network limitations such as number of physical links and forwarding performance capabilities (throughput and latency) of the network devise in the testbed. For this reason, this document recommends avoiding external devices such as switch and router in the testbed as possible.
However, in the typical deployment, the security devices (DUT/SUT) are connected to routers and switches which will reduce the number of entries in MAC or ARP tables of the DUT/SUT. If MAC or ARP tables have many entries, this may impact the actual DUT/SUT performance due to MAC and ARP/ND table lookup processes. Therefore, it is RECOMMENDED to connect Layer 3 device(s) between test equipment and DUT/SUT as shown in Figure 1.
If the test equipment is capable to emulate layer 3 routing functionality and there is no need for test equipment ports aggregation, it is RECOMMENDED to configure the test setup as shown in Figure 2.
+-------------------+ +-----------+ +--------------------+
|Aggregation Switch/| | | | Aggregation Switch/|
| Router +------+ DUT/SUT +------+ Router |
| | | | | |
+----------+--------+ +-----------+ +--------+-----------+
| |
| |
+-----------+-----------+ +-----------+-----------+
| | | |
| +-------------------+ | | +-------------------+ |
| | Emulated Router(s)| | | | Emulated Router(s)| |
| | (Optional) | | | | (Optional) | |
| +-------------------+ | | +-------------------+ |
| +-------------------+ | | +-------------------+ |
| | Clients | | | | Servers | |
| +-------------------+ | | +-------------------+ |
| | | |
| Test Equipment | | Test Equipment |
+-----------------------+ +-----------------------+
Figure 1: Testbed Setup - Option 1
+-----------------------+ +-----------------------+ | +-------------------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------------+ | | | Emulated Router(s)| | | | | | Emulated Router(s)| | | | (Optional) | +----- DUT/SUT +-----+ (Optional) | | | +-------------------+ | | | | +-------------------+ | | +-------------------+ | +-----------+ | +-------------------+ | | | Clients | | | | Servers | | | +-------------------+ | | +-------------------+ | | | | | | Test Equipment | | Test Equipment | +-----------------------+ +-----------------------+
Figure 2: Testbed Setup - Option 2
A unique DUT/SUT configuration MUST be used for all benchmarking tests described in Section 7. Since each DUT/SUT will have their own unique configuration, testers SHOULD configure their device with the same parameters that would be used in the actual deployment of the device or a typical deployment. Users MUST enable security features on the DUT/SUT to achieve maximum security coverage for a specific deployment scenario.
This document attempts to define the recommended security features which SHOULD be consistently enabled for all the benchmarking tests described in Section 7. The table 1 below describes the RECOMMENDED sets of feature list which SHOULD be configured on the DUT/SUT.
Based on customer use case, user can take a decision to enable or disable SSL inspection feature for “Throughput Performance with NetSecOPEN Traffic Mix” test scenario described in Section 7.1
To improve repeatability, a summary of the DUT configuration including description of all enabled DUT/SUT features MUST be published with the benchmarking results.
+---------------------------+
| NGFW |
+------------------------------------------+
| | |Included |Added to|
|DUT Features |Feature|in initial|future |
| | |Scope |Scope |
+------------------------------------------+
|SSL Inspection| x | x | |
+------------------------------------------+
|IDS/IPS | x | x | |
+------------------------------------------+
|Web Filtering | x | | x |
+------------------------------------------+
|Antivirus | x | x | |
+------------------------------------------+
|Anti Spyware | x | x | |
+------------------------------------------+
|Anti Botnet | x | x | |
+------------------------------------------+
|DLP | x | | x |
+------------------------------------------+
|DDoS | x | | x |
+------------------------------------------+
|Certificate | x | | x |
|Validation | | | |
+------------------------------------------+
|Logging and | x | x | |
|Reporting | | | |
+------------------------------------------+
|Application | x | x | |
|Identification| | | |
+----------------------+----------+--------+
Table 1: DUT/SUT Feature List
In summary, DUT/SUT SHOULD be configured as follows:
In addition, it is also RECOMMENDED to configure a realistic number of access policy rules on the DUT/SUT. This document determines the number of access policy rules for three different class of DUT/SUT. The classification of the DUT/SUT MAY be based on its maximum supported firewall throughput performance number defined in the vendor data sheet. This document classifies the DUT/SUT in three different categories; namely small, medium, and maximum.
The RECOMMENDED throughput values for the following classes are:
Extra Small (XS) - supported throughput less than 1Gbit/s
Small (S) - supported throughput less than 5Gbit/s
Medium (M) - supported throughput greater than 5Gbit/s and less than 10Gbit/s
Large (L) - supported throughput greater than 10Gbit/s
The access rule defined in the table 2 MUST be configured from top to bottom in correct order shown in the table. The configured access policy rule MUST NOT block the test traffic used for the benchmarking test scenarios.
+---------------------------------------------------+---------------+ | | UD/SUT | | | lCssification | | | #ules | +-----------+-----------+------------------+------------+---+---+---+ | | Match | | | | | | | | Rules Type| Criteria | Description | Action | XS| S | M | L | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Application|Application| Any application | block | 5 | 10| 20| 50| |layer | | traffic NOT | | | | | | | | | included in the | | | | | | | | | test traffic | | | | | | +-----------------------+ ------------------------------------------+ |Transport |Src IP and | Any src IP use in| block | 25| 50|100|250| |layer |TCP/UDP | the test AND any | | | | | | | |Dst ports | dst ports NOT | | | | | | | | | used in the test | | | | | | | | | traffic | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |IP layer |Src/Dst IP | Any src/dst IP | block | 25| 50|100|250| | | | NOT used in the | | | | | | | | | test | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Application|Application| Applications | allow | 10| 10| 10| 10| |layer | | included in the | | | | | | | | | test traffic | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Transport |Src IP and | Half of the src | allow | 1| 1| 1| 1| |layer |TCP/UDP | IP used in the | | | | | | | |Dst ports | test AND any dst | | | | | | | | | ports used in the| | | | | | | | | test traffic. One| | | | | | | | | rule per subnet | | | | | | +-------------------------------------------------------------------+ |IP layer |Src IP | The rest of the | allow | 1| 1| 1| 1| | | | src IP subnet | | | | | | | | | range used in the| | | | | | | | | test. One rule | | | | | | | | | per subnet | | | | | | +-----------+-----------+------------------+--------+---+---+---+---+
Table 2: DUT/SUT Access List
In general, test equipment allows configuring parameters in different protocol level. These parameters thereby influencing the traffic flows which will be offered and impacting performance measurements.
This document specifies common test equipment configuration parameters applicable for all test scenarios defined in Section 7. Any test scenario specific parameters are described under test setup section of each test scenario individually.
This section specifies which parameters SHOULD be considered while configuring clients using test equipment. Also, this section specifies the recommended values for certain parameters.
The TCP stack SHOULD use a TCP Reno variant, which include congestion avoidance, back off and windowing, retransmission, and recovery on every TCP connection between client and server endpoints. The default IPv4 and IPv6 MSS segments size MUST be set to 1460 bytes and 1440 bytes respectively and a TX and RX receive windows of 32768 bytes. Client initial congestion window MUST NOT exceed 10 times the MSS. Delayed ACKs are permitted and the maximum client delayed Ack MUST NOT exceed 10 times the MSS before a forced ACK. Up to 3 retries SHOULD be allowed before a timeout event is declared. All traffic MUST set the TCP PSH flag to high. The source port range SHOULD be in the range of 1024 - 65535. Internal timeout SHOULD be dynamically scalable per RFC 793. Client SHOULD initiate and close TCP connections. TCP connections MUST be closed via FIN.
The sum of the client IP space SHOULD contain the following attributes. The traffic blocks SHOULD consist of multiple unique, discontinuous static address blocks. A default gateway is permitted. The IPv4 ToS byte or IPv6 traffic class should be set to '00' or ‘000000’ respectively.
The following equation can be used to determine the required total number of client IP address.
Desired total number of client IP = Target throughput [Mbit/s] / Throughput per IP address [Mbit/s]
Based on deployment and use case scenario, client IP addresses SHOULD be distributed between IPv4 and IPv6 type. This document recommends using the following ratio(s) between IPv4 and IPv6:
The emulated web browser contains attributes that will materially affect how traffic is loaded. The objective is to emulate a modern, typical browser attributes to improve realism of the result set.
For HTTP traffic emulation, the emulated browser MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1. HTTP persistency MAY be enabled depending on test scenario. The browser MAY open multiple TCP connections per Server endpoint IP at any time depending on how many sequential transactions are needed to be processed. Within the TCP connection multiple transactions MAY be processed if the emulated browser has available connections. The browser SHOULD advertise a User-Agent header. Headers MUST be sent uncompressed. The browser SHOULD enforce content length validation.
For encrypted traffic, the following attributes shall define the negotiated encryption parameters. The tests MUST use TLSv1.2 or higher with a record size of 16383, commonly used cipher suite and key strength. Depending on test scenario, Session reuse or ticket resumption MAY be used for subsequent connections to the same Server endpoint IP. The client endpoint MUST send TLS Extension Server Name Indication (SNI) information when opening a security tunnel. Cipher suite and certificate size should be defined in the parameter session of each test scenario.
This document specifies which parameters should be considerable while configuring emulated backend servers using test equipment.
The TCP stack SHOULD use a TCP Reno variant, which include congestion avoidance, back off and windowing, retransmission, and recovery on every TCP connection between client and server endpoints. The default IPv4 and IPv6 MSS segment size MUST be set to 1460 bytes and 1440 bytes respectively and a TX and RX receive windows of at least 32768 bytes. Server initial congestion window MUST NOT exceed 10 times the MSS. Delayed ACKs are permitted and the maximum server delayed Ack MUST NOT exceed 10 times the MSS before a forced ACK. Up to 3 retries SHOULD be allowed before a timeout event is declared. All traffic MUST set the TCP PSH flag to high. The source port range SHOULD be in the range of 1024 - 65535. Internal timeout should be dynamically scalable per RFC 793.
The server IP blocks SHOULD consist of unique, discontinuous static address blocks with one IP per Server Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) endpoint per test port. The IPv4 ToS byte and IPv6 traffic class bytes should be set to '00' and ‘000000’ respectively.
The server pool for HTTP SHOULD listen on TCP port 80 and emulate HTTP version 1.1 with persistence. The server MUST advertise a server type. For HTTPS server, TLS 1.2 or higher MUST be used with a record size of 16383 bytes and ticket resumption or Session ID reuse SHOULD be enabled based on test scenario. The server MUST listen on port TCP 443. The server shall serve a certificate to the client. It is REQUIRED that the HTTPS server also check Host SNI information with the FQDN. Cipher suite and certificate size should be defined in the parameter section of each test scenario.
The section describes the traffic pattern between the client and server endpoints. At the beginning of the test, the server endpoint initializes and will be in a ready to accept connection state including initialization of the TCP stack as well as bound HTTP and HTTPS servers. When a client endpoint is needed, it will initialize and be given attributes such as the MAC and IP address. The behavior of the client is to sweep though the given server IP space, sequentially generating a recognizable service by the DUT. Thus, a balanced, mesh between client endpoints and server endpoints will be generated in a client port server port combination. Each client endpoint performs the same actions as other endpoints, with the difference being the source IP of the client endpoint and the target server IP pool. The client shall use Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) in Host Headers and for TLS Server Name Indication (SNI).
Client endpoints are independent of other clients that are concurrently executing. When a client endpoint initiates traffic, this section describes how the client steps though different services. Once initialized, the client should randomly hold (perform no operation) for a few milliseconds to allow for better randomization of start of client traffic. The client will then either open a new TCP connection or connect to a TCP persistence stack still open to that specific server. At any point that the service profile may require encryption, a TLS encryption tunnel will form presenting the URL request to the server. The server will then perform an SNI name check with the proposed FQDN compared to the domain embedded in the certificate. Only when correct, will the server process the HTTPS response object. The initial response object to the server MUST NOT have a fixed size; its size is based on benchmarking tests described in Section 7. Multiple additional sub-URLs (response objects on the service page) MAY be requested simultaneously. This may or may not be to the same server IP as the initial URL. Each sub-object will also use a conical FQDN and URL path, as observed in the traffic mix used.
The loading of traffic is described in this section. The loading of a traffic load profile has five distinct phases: Init, ramp up, sustain, ramp down, and collection.
During the Init phase, test bed devices including the client and server endpoints should negotiate layer 2-3 connectivity such as MAC learning and ARP. Only after successful MAC learning or ARP/ND resolution shall the test iteration move to the next phase. No measurements are made in this phase. The minimum RECOMMEND time for Init phase is 5 seconds. During this phase, the emulated clients SHOULD NOT initiate any sessions with the DUT/SUT, in contrast, the emulated servers should be ready to accept requests from DUT/SUT or from emulated clients.
In the ramp up phase, the test equipment SHOULD start to generate the test traffic. It SHOULD use a set approximate number of unique client IP addresses actively to generate traffic. The traffic should ramp from zero to desired target objective. The target objective will be defined for each benchmarking test. The duration for the ramp up phase MUST be configured long enough, so that the test equipment does not overwhelm DUT/SUT's supported performance metrics namely; connections per second, concurrent TCP connections, and application transactions per second. The RECOMMENDED time duration for the ramp up phase is 180-300 seconds. No measurements are made in this phase.
In the sustain phase, the test equipment SHOULD continue generating traffic to constant target value for a constant number of active client IPs. The RECOMMENDED time duration for sustain phase is 600 seconds. This is the phase where measurements occur.
In the ramp down/close phase, no new connections are established, and no measurements are made. The time duration for ramp up and ramp down phase SHOULD be same. The RECOMMENDED duration of this phase is between 180 to 300 seconds.
The last phase is administrative and will be when the tester merges and collates the report data.
This section recommends steps to control the test environment and test equipment, specifically focusing on virtualized environments and virtualized test equipment.
Test bed reference pre-tests help to ensure that the desired traffic generator aspects such as maximum throughput and the network performance metrics such as maximum latency and maximum packet loss are met.
Once the desired maximum performance goals for the system under test have been identified, a safety margin of 10% SHOULD be added for throughput and subtracted for maximum latency and maximum packet loss.
Test bed preparation may be performed either by configuring the DUT in the most trivial setup (fast forwarding) or without presence of DUT.
This section describes how the final report should be formatted and presented. The final test report MAY have two major sections; Introduction and result sections. The following attributes SHOULD be present in the introduction section of the test report.
This section lists KPIs for overall benchmarking tests scenarios. All KPIs MUST be measured during the of sustain phase of the traffic load profile described in Section 4.3.4. All KPIs MUST be measured from the result output of test equipment.
Using NetSecOPEN traffic mix, determine the maximum sustainable throughput performance supported by the DUT/SUT. (see Appendix A for details about traffic mix)
Test bed setup MUST be configured as defined in Section 4. Any test scenario specific test bed configuration changes MUST be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in Section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
This test scenario is RECOMMENDED to perform twice; one with SSL inspection feature enabled and the second scenario with SSL inspection feature disabled on the DUT/SUT.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in Section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be noted for this test scenario:
Traffic profile: Test scenario MUST be run with a single application traffic mix profile (see Appendix A for details about traffic mix). The name of the NetSecOPEN traffic mix MUST be documented.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario.
Mandatory KPIs: average Throughput, average Concurrent TCP connections, TTLB/application transaction latency (minimum, average and maximum) and average application transactions per second
Optional KPIs: average TCP connections per second, average TLS handshake rate and TTFB
The test procedures are designed to measure the throughput performance of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to generate test traffic at "initial throughput" rate as described in the parameters section. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4. The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial throughput" during the sustain phase. Measure all KPI as defined in Section 7.1.3.5. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet acceptance criteria "a" and "b" defined in Section 7.1.3.4.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to step 2.
Configure test equipment to generate traffic at "Target throughput" rate defined in the parameter table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4. The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of KPI metric measurements MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target throughput during the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all acceptance criteria. Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable throughput within the acceptance criteria. Final test iteration MUST be performed for the test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.
Using HTTP traffic, determine the maximum sustainable TCP connection establishment rate supported by the DUT/SUT under different throughput load conditions.
To measure connections per second, test iterations MUST use different fixed HTTP response object sizes defined in the test equipment configuration parameters section 7.2.3.2.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. MUST be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target connections per second: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)
Initial connections per second: 10% of “Target connections per second”
The client SHOULD negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the connection with FIN immediately after completion of one transaction. In each test iteration, client MUST send GET command requesting a fixed HTTP response object size.
The RECOMMENDED response object sizes are 1, 2, 4, 16, 64 KByte
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for each test iteration.
Mandatory KPIs: average TCP connections per second, average Throughput and Average Time to First Byte (TTFB).
The test procedure is designed to measure the TCP connections per second rate of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IP types; IPv4 only, IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic distribution.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial connections per second" as defined in the parameters section. The traffic load profile SHOULD be defined as described in the section 4.3.4.
The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial connections per second" before the sustain phase. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, and d defined in section 7.3.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
Configure test equipment to establish "Target connections per second" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4.
During the ramp up and sustain phase of each test iteration, other KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value the DUT/SUT can support. The test results for specific test iterations SHOULD NOT be reported, if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the maximum value. (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the DUT, the test iteration MAY be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte SHOULD NOT be reported).
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target connections per second rate at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable connections per second within the acceptance criteria.
Using HTTP 1.1 traffic, determine the maximum sustainable HTTP transactions per second supported by the DUT/SUT under different throughput load conditions.
To measure transactions per second performance under a variety of DUT Security inspection load conditions, each test iteration MUST use different fixed HTTP response object sizes defined in the test equipment configuration parameters section 7.3.3.2.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. MUST be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target Transactions per second: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)
Initial Transactions per second: 10% of “Target Transactions per second”
Test scenario SHOULD be run with a single traffic profile with following attributes:
The client MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the connections with FIN immediately after completion of 10 transactions. In each test iteration, client MUST send GET command requesting a fixed HTTP response object size. The RECOMMENDED object sizes are 1, 16 and 64 KByte
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario.
average TCP Connections per second, average Throughput, Average Time to TCP First Byte and average application transaction latency.
The test procedure is designed to measure the HTTP transactions per second of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IP types; IPv4 only, IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic distribution.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial HTTP transactions per second" as defined in the parameters section. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section 4.3.4.
The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial HTTP transactions per second" before the sustain phase. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, and d defined in section 7.3.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
Configure test equipment to establish "Target HTTP transactions per second" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4.
During the ramp up and sustain phase of each test iteration, other KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and connection per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value the DUT/SUT can support. The test results for specific test iterations SHOULD NOT be reported, if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the maximum value. (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the DUT, the test iteration MAY be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte SHOULD NOT be reported).
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target HTTP transactions per second at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable HTTP transactions per second within the acceptance criteria. Final test iteration MUST be performed for the test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.
Using HTTP traffic, determine the average HTTP transaction latency when DUT is running with sustainable HTTP transactions per second supported by the DUT/SUT under different HTTP response object sizes.
Test iterations MUST be performed with different HTTP response object sizes twice, one with a single transaction and the other with multiple transactions within a single TCP connection. For consistency both single and multiple transaction test needs to be configured with HTTP 1.1.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. MUST be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target connections per second:50% of the value measured in test scenario TCP/HTTP Connections Per Second
Initial connections per second: 10% of “Target connections per second”
HTTP transaction per TCP connection: one test scenario with single transaction and another scenario with 10 transactions
Test scenario SHOULD be run with a single traffic profile with following attributes:
To measure application transaction latency with a single connection per transaction and a single connection with multiple transactions the tests should run twice:
1st test run: The client MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the connection with FIN immediately after completion of the transaction.
2nd test run: The client MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the connection after 10 transactions (GET and RESPONSE) within a single TCP connection.
HTTP 1.1 with GET command requesting a single 1, 16 or 64 Kbyte objects. For each test iteration, client MUST request a single HTTP response object size.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile. Ramp up and ramp down phase SHOULD NOT be considered.
Generica criteria:
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for each test scenario and HTTP response object sizes separately:
average TCP connections per second and average application transaction latency needs to be recorded.
All KPI's are measured once the target connections per second achieves the steady state.
The test procedure is designed to measure the average application transaction latencies or TTLB when the DUT is operating close to 50% of its maximum achievable connections per second. , This test procedure CAN be repeated multiple times with different IP types (IPv4 only, IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic distribution), HTTP response object sizes and single and multiple transactions per connection scenarios.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial connections per second" as defined in the parameters section. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section 4.3.4.
The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial connections per second" before the sustain phase. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, d ,e and f defined in section 7.4.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
Configure test equipment to establish "Target connections per second" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4.
During the ramp up and sustain phase, other KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that DUT/SUT can support. The test results for specific test iterations SHOULD NOT be reported, if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the maximum value. (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the DUT, the test iteration MAY be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte SHOULD NOT be reported).
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed. DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target connections per second rate at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum achievable connections per second within the acceptance criteria and measure the latency values.
Determine the throughput for HTTP transactions varying the HTTP response object size.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target Throughput: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)
Number of HTTP response object requests (transactions) per connection: 10
HTTP response object size: 16KB, 64KB, 256KB and mixed objects defined in the table
+---------------------+---------------------+ | Object size (KByte) | Number of requests/ | | | Weight | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 0.2 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 6 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 8 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 9 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 10 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 25 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 26 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 35 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 59 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 347 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+
Table 3: Mixed Objects
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile
The KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:
Average Throughput, concurrent connections, and average TCP connections per second.
The test procedure is designed to measure HTTP throughput of the DUT/ SUT. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution and HTTP response object sizes.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial throughput" as defined in the parameters section.
The traffic load profile SHOULD be defined as described in Section 4.3.4. The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial throughput" during the sustain phase. Measure all KPI as defined in Section 7.5.3.4.
The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria "a" defined in Section 7.5.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target throughput at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Perform the test separately for each HTTP response object size (16k, 64k, 256k and mixed HTTP response objects).
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable throughput within the acceptance criteria. Final test iteration MUST be performed for the test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.
Determine the maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that DUT/ SUT sustains when using HTTP traffic.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in Section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in Section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be noted for this test scenario:
The client must negotiate HTTP 1.1 with persistence and each client MAY open multiple concurrent TCP connections per server endpoint IP.
Each client sends 10 GET commands requesting 1Kbyte HTTP response object in the same TCP connection (10 transactions/TCP connection) and the delay (think time) between the transaction MUST be X seconds. The value for think time (X) MUST be defined to achieve 15% of maximum throughput measured in test scenario 7.5.
The established connections SHOULD remain open until the ramp down phase of the test. During the ramp down phase, all connections should be successfully closed with FIN.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:
average Throughput, max. Min. Avg. Concurrent TCP connections, TTLB/ application transaction latency (minimum, average and maximum) and average application transactions per second.
The test procedure is designed to measure the concurrent TCP connection capacity of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure test equipment to generate background traffic ad defined in section 7.6.3.2. Measure throughput, concurrent TCP connections, and TCP connections per second.
While generating the background traffic, configure another traffic profile on the test equipment to establish “initial concurrent TCP connections" defined in the section 7.6.3.2. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section Error: Reference source not found.
During the sustain phase, the DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the “initial concurrent TCP connections” plus concurrent TCP connections measured in background traffic. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria “a” and “b” defined in the section Error: Reference source not found
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to “Step 2”.
Configure test equipment to establish "Target concurrent TCP connections" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4.
Configure test equipment to establish “Target concurrent TCP connections” minus concurrent TCP connections measured in background traffic. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section Error: Reference source not found.
During the ramp up and sustain phase, the other KPIs such as throughput, TCP connections per second and application transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can support.
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record KPIs defined in section 7.6.3.4. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target concurrent connection at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable concurrent TCP connections capacity within the acceptance criteria.
Using HTTPS traffic, determine the maximum sustainable SSL/TLS session establishment rate supported by the DUT/SUT under different throughput load conditions.
Test iterations MUST include common cipher suites and key strengths as well as forward looking stronger keys. Specific test iterations MUST include ciphers and keys defined in the parameter section 7.7.3.2
For each cipher suite and key strengths, test iterations MUST use a single HTTPS response object size defined in the test equipment configuration parameters section 7.7.3.2 to measure connections per second performance under a variety of DUT Security inspection load conditions.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target connections per second: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)
Initial connections per second: 10% of “Target connections per second”
Ciphers and keys:
The client MUST negotiate HTTPS 1.1 and close the connection with FIN immediately after completion of one transaction. In each test iteration, client MUST send GET command requesting a fixed HTTPS response object size. The RECOMMENDED object sizes are 1, 2, 4, 16, 64 Kbyte.
Each client connection MUST perform a full handshake with server certificate (no Certificate on client side) and MUST NOT use session reuse or resumption. TLS record size MAY be optimized for the HTTPS response object size up to a record size of 16K.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria:
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:
Mandatory KPIs: average TCP connections per second, average Throughput and Average Time to TCP First Byte.
The test procedure is designed to measure the TCP connections per second rate of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial connections per second" as defined in the parameters section. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section 4.3.4.
The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial connections per second" before the sustain phase. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, and d defined in section 7.7.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
Configure test equipment to establish "Target connections per second" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4.
During the ramp up and sustain phase, other KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value the DUT/SUT can support. The test results for specific test iteration SHOULD NOT be reported, if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the maximum value. (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTPS response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the DUT, the test iteration can be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte SHOULD NOT be reported).
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target connections per second rate at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable connections per second within the acceptance criteria.
Using HTTPS traffic, determine the maximum sustainable HTTPS transactions per second supported by the DUT/SUT under different throughput load conditions.
To measure transactions per second performance under a variety of DUT Security inspection load conditions, each test iteration MUST use different fixed HTTPS transaction object sizes defined in the test equipment configuration parameters section 7.8.3.2.
Test iterations MUST include common cipher suites and key strengths as well as forward looking stronger keys. Specific test iterations MUST include the ciphers and keys defined in the parameter section 7.8.3.2.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target Transactions per second: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)
Initial Transactions per second: 10% of “Target Transactions per second”
Ciphers and keys:
The client MUST negotiate HTTPS 1.1 and close the connection with FIN immediately after completion of 10 transactions.
HTTPS 1.1 with GET command requesting a single 1, 16 and 64 KByte objects.
Each client connection MUST perform a full handshake with server certificate and SHOULD NOT use session reuse or resumption.
TLS record size MAY be optimized for the object size up to a record size of 16K.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile. Ramp up and ramp down phase SHOULD NOT be considered.
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario.
average TCP connections per second, average Throughput, Average Time to TCP First Byte and average application transaction latency.
The test procedure is designed to measure the HTTPS transactions per second rate of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution, HTTPS response object sizes and ciphers and keys.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial HTTPS transactions per second" as defined in the parameters section. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section 4.3.4.
The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial HTTPS transactions per second" before the sustain phase. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, and d defined in section 7.8.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
Configure test equipment to establish "Target HTTPS transactions per second" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4.
During the ramp up and sustain phase of each test iteration, other KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and connections per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value the DUT/SUT can support. The test results for specific test iterations SHOULD NOT be reported, if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the maximum value. (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the DUT, the test iteration MAY be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte SHOULD NOT be reported).
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target HTTPS transactions per second rate at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable HTTPS transactions per second within the acceptance criteria. Final test iteration MUST be performed for the test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.
Using HTTPS traffic, determine the average HTTPS transaction latency when DUT is running with sustainable HTTPS transactions per second supported by the DUT/SUT under different HTTPS response object size.
Test iterations MUST be performed with different HTTPS response object sizes twice, one with a single transaction and the other with multiple transactions within a single TCP connection.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Cipher suites and key size: ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with Secp521 bits key size (Signature Hash Algorithmn: ecdsa_secp256r1_sha384 and Supported group: sepc521r1)
Target connections per second:50% of the value measured in test scenario TCP/HTTPS Connections per second
Initial Transactions per second: 10% of “Target Transactions per second”
HTTPS transaction per connection: one test scenario with a single transaction and another scenario with 10 transactions
Test scenario SHOULD be run with a single traffic profile with following attributes:
To measure application transaction latency with a single connection per transaction and single connection with multiple transactions the tests should run twice:
1st test run: The client MUST negotiate HTTPS 1.1 and close the connection with FIN immediately after completion of the transaction.
2nd test run: The client MUST negotiate HTTPS 1.1 and close the connection after 10 transactions (GET and RESPONSE) within a single TCP connection.
HTTPS 1.1 with GET command requesting a single 1, 16 or 64 Kbyte objects. For each test iteration, client MUST request a single HTTPS response object size.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile. Ramp up and ramp down phase SHOULD NOT be considered.
Generic creteria:
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for each test scenario and HTTPS response object sizes separately:
average TCP connections per second and average application transaction latency or TTLB needs to be recorded.
All KPI's are measured once the target connections per second achieves the steady state.
The test procedure is designed to measure average application transaction latency or TTLB when the DUT is operating close to 50% of its maximum achievable connections per second. , This test procedure CAN be repeated multiple times with different IP types (IPv4 only, IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic distribution), HTTPS response object sizes and single and multiple transactions per connection scenarios.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial connections per second" as defined in the parameters section. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section 4.3.4.
The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial connections per second" before the sustain phase. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, d ,e and f defined in section 7.4.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
Configure test equipment to establish "Target connections per second" defined in the parameters table. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4.
During the ramp up and sustain phase, other KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value the DUT/SUT can support.
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed. DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target connections per second rate at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target HTTPS transactions per second rate at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum achievable connections per second within the acceptance criteria and measure the latency values.
Determine the throughput for HTTPS transactions varying the HTTPS response object size.
Test iterations MUST include common cipher suites and key strengths as well as forward looking stronger keys. Specific test iterations MUST include the ciphers and keys defined in the parameter section 7.10.3.2.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.3. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2
Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in Section 4.3.1.2
Target Throughput: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)
Number of HTPPS response object requests (transactions) per connection: 10
Ciphers and keys:
HTTPS response object size: 16KB, 64KB, 256KB and mixed object defined in the table below.
+---------------------+---------------------+ | Object size (KByte) | Number of requests/ | | | Weight | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 0.2 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 6 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 8 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 9 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 10 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 25 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 26 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 35 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 59 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+ | 347 | 1 | +---------------------+---------------------+
Table 4: Mixed Objects
Each client connection MUST perform a full handshake with server certificate (no Certificate on client side) and 50% of connection SHOULD use session reuse or resumption.
TLS record size MAY be optimized for the HTTPS response object size up to a record size of 16K.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.
The KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:
Average Throughput, concurrent connections, and average TCP connections per second.
The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution and HTTPS response object sizes.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be "UP" status.
Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish "initial throughput" as defined in the parameters section.
The traffic load profile should be defined as described in Section 4.3.4. The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "initial throughput" during the sustain phase. Measure all KPI as defined in Section 7.10.3.4.
The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria "a" defined in Section 7.10.3.3.
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified KPIs. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target throughput at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Perform the test separately for each HTTPS response object size (16k, 64k, 256k and mixed HTTPS response objects).
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable throughput within the acceptance criteria. Final test iteration MUST be performed for the test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.
Determine the maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that DUT/SUT sustains when using HTTPS traffic.
Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in section 4. Any specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces and interface type, etc. must be documented.
In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.
DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section 4.2. Any configuration changes for this specific test scenario MUST be documented.
Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in the section Error: Reference source not found. Following parameters MUST be documented for this test scenario:
The client must perform HTTPS transaction with persistence and each client can open multiple concurrent TCP connections per server endpoint IP.
Each client sends 10 times of GET commands requesting 1Kbyte HTTPS response object in the same TCP connections (10 transactions/TCP connection) and the delay (think time) between the transaction MUST be X seconds. The value for think time (X) MUST be defined to achieve 15% of maximum throughput measured in test scenario 7.10.
The established connections (except background traffic connection) SHOULD remain open until the end phase of the test. During the ramp down phase, all connections should be successfully closed with FIN.
The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance criteria. Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.
Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:
Average Throughput, max. Min. Avg. Concurrent TCP connections, TTLB/application transaction latency and average application transactions per second
The test procedure is designed to measure the concurrent TCP connection capacity of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load profile. The test procedure consists of three major steps. This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution.
Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces. All interfaces are expected to be “UP” status.
Configure test equipment to generate background traffic ad defined in section 7.3.11.2. Measure throughput, concurrent TCP connections, and connections per second.
While generating the background traffic, configure another traffic profile on the test equipment to establish “initial concurrent TCP connections" defined in the section 7.11.3.2. The traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in the section Error: Reference source not found
During the sustain phase, the DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the “initial concurrent TCP connections” plus concurrent TCP connections measured in background traffic. The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria “a” and “b” defined in the section Error: Reference source not found
If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test procedure MUST NOT be continued to “Step 2”.
Configure test equipment to establish “Target concurrent TCP connections” minus concurrent TCP connections measured in background traffic. The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in the section 4.3.4
During the ramp up and sustain phase, the other KPIs such as throughput, TCP connections per second and application transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can support.
The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record KPIs defined in section 7.11.3.4. The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds. Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target concurrent TCP connections at the sustain phase. In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all acceptance criteria.
Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria.
Determine the maximum and average achievable concurrent TCP connections within the acceptance criteria.
This document makes no request of IANA.
Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an RFC.
Acknowledgements will be added in the future release.
The authors would like to thank the many people that contributed their time and knowledge to this effort.
Specifically to the co-chairs of the NetSecOPEN Test Methodology working group and the NetSecOPEN Security Effectiveness working group - Alex Samonte, Aria Eslambolchizadeh, Carsten Rossenhoevel and David DeSanto.
Additionally the following people provided input, comments and spent time reviewiing the myriad of drafts. If we have missed anyone the fault is entirely our own. Thanks to - Amritam Putatunda, Balamuhunthan Balarajah, Brian Monkman, Chris Chapman, Chris Pearson, Chuck McAuley, David White, Jurrie Van Den Breekel, Michelle Rhines, Rob Andrews, Samaresh Nair, and Tim Winters.
| [RFC2119] | Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997. |
| [RFC2647] | Newman, D., "Benchmarking Terminology for Firewall Performance", RFC 2647, DOI 10.17487/RFC2647, August 1999. |
| [RFC3511] | Hickman, B., Newman, D., Tadjudin, S. and T. Martin, "Benchmarking Methodology for Firewall Performance", RFC 3511, DOI 10.17487/RFC3511, April 2003. |
A traffic mix for testing performance of next generation firewalls MUST scale to stress the DUT based on real-world conditions. In order to achieve this the following MUST be included:
A traffic mix for testing performance of next generation firewalls MUST also facility application identification using different detection methods with and without decryption of the traffic. Such as:
The mix MUST be of sufficient complexity and volume to render differences in individual apps as statistically insignificant. For example, changes in like to like apps – such as one type of video service vs. another both consist of larger objects whereas one news site vs. another both typically have more connections then other apps because of trackers and embedded advertising content. To achieve sufficient complexity, a mix MUST have:
The following is a description of what a popular application in an enterprise traffic mix contains.
Table 5 lists the FQDNs, number of transactions and bytes transferred as an example client interacts with Office 365 Outlook, Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Sharepoint and Skype.
+---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | Office365 FQDN | Bytes | Transaction | +============================================================+ | r1.res.office365.com | 14,056,960 | 192 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | 6,731,019 | 22 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | company1-my.sharepoint.com | 6,269,492 | 42 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | swx.cdn.skype.com | 6,100,027 | 12 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | static.sharepointonline.com | 6,036,947 | 41 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | spoprod-a.akamaihd.net | 3,904,250 | 25 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | s1-excel-15.cdn.office.net | 2,767,941 | 16 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | outlook.office365.com | 2,047,301 | 86 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | shellprod.msocdn.com | 1,008,370 | 11 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | word-edit.officeapps.live.com | 932,080 | 25 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | res.delve.office.com | 760,146 | 2 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | s1-powerpoint-15.cdn.office.net | 557,604 | 3 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | appsforoffice.microsoft.com | 511,171 | 5 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | powerpoint.officeapps.live.com | 471,625 | 14 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | excel.officeapps.live.com | 342,040 | 14 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | s1-officeapps-15.cdn.office.net | 331,343 | 5 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | webdir0a.online.lync.com | 66,930 | 15 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | portal.office.com | 13,956 | 1 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | config.edge.skype.com | 6,911 | 2 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | clientlog.portal.office.com | 6,608 | 8 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | webdir.online.lync.com | 4,343 | 5 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | graph.microsoft.com | 2,289 | 2 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | nam.loki.delve.office.com | 1,812 | 5 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | login.microsoftonline.com | 464 | 2 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+ | login.windows.net | 232 | 1 | +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
Table 5: Office365
Clients MUST connect to multiple server FQDNs in the same order as real applications. Connections MUST be made when the client is interacting with the application and NOT first setup up all connections. Connections SHOULD stay open per client for subsequent transactions to the same FQDN similar to how a web browser behaves. Clients MUST use different URL Paths and Object sizes in orders as they are observed in real Applications. Clients MAY also setup multiple connections per FQDN to process multiple transactions in a sequence at the same time. Table 6 has a partial example sequence of the Office 365 Word application transactions.
+---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | FQDN | URL Path | Object | | | | size | +===================================================================+ | company1-my.sharepoint.com | /personal... | 23,132 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | word-edit.officeapps.live.com | /we/WsaUpload.ashx | 2 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | static.sharepointonline.com | /bld/.../blank.js | 454 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | static.sharepointonline.com | /bld/.../ | 23,254 | | | initstrings.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | static.sharepointonline.com | /bld/.../init.js | 292,740 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | company1-my.sharepoint.com | /ScriptResource... | 102,774 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | company1-my.sharepoint.com | /ScriptResource... | 40,329 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | company1-my.sharepoint.com | /WebResource... | 23,063 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | word-edit.officeapps.live.com | /we/wordeditorframe. | 60,657 | | | aspx... | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | static.sharepointonline.com | /bld/_layouts/.../ | 454 | | | blank.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 19,201 | | | EditSurface.css | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 221,397 | | | WordEditor.css | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-officeapps-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 107,571 | | | Microsoft | | | | Ajax.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 39,981 | | | wacbootwe.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-officeapps-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 51,749 | | | CommonIntl.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 6,050 | | | Compat.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 54,158 | | | Box4Intl.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 24,946 | | | WoncaIntl.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 53,515 | | | WordEditorIntl.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../ | 1,978,712| | | WordEditorExp.js | | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../jSanity.js | 10,912 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+ | word-edit.officeapps.live.com | /we/OneNote.ashx | 145,708 | +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
Table 6: Office365 Word Transactions
For application identification the HTTPS/TLS traffic MUST include realistic Certificate Subject Common Name (CN) data as well as Server Name Indications. For example, a DUT may detect Facebook Chat traffic by inspecting the certificate and detecting *.facebook.com in the certificate subject CN and subsequently detect the word chat in the FQDN 5-edge-chat.facebook.com and identify traffic on the connection to be Facebook Chat.
Table 7 includes further examples in SNI and CN pairs for several FQDNs of Office 365.
+------------------------------+----------------------------------+ |Server Name Indication (SNI) | Certificate Subject | | | Common Name (CN) | +=================================================================+ | r1.res.office365.com | *.res.outlook.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | login.windows.net | graph.windows.net | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | webdir0a.online.lync.com | *.online.lync.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | login.microsoftonline.com | stamp2.login.microsoftonline.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | webdir.online.lync.com | *.online.lync.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | graph.microsoft.com | graph.microsoft.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | outlook.office365.com | outlook.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | appsforoffice.microsoft.com | appsforoffice.microsoft.com | +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
Table 7: Office365 SNI and CN Pairs Examples
NetSecOPEN has provided a reference enterprise perimeter traffic mix with dozens of applications, hundreds of connections, and thousands of transactions.
The enterprise perimeter traffic mix consists of 70% HTTPS and 30% HTTP by Bytes, 58% HTTPS and 42% HTTP by Transactions. By connections with a single connection per FQDN the mix consists of 43% HTTPS and 57% HTTP. With multiple connections per FQDN the HTTPS percentage is higher.
Table 8 is a summary of the NetSecOPEN enterprise perimeter traffic mix sorted by bytes with unique FQDNs and transactions per applications.
+------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Application | FQDNs | Transactions | Bytes | +=======================================================+ | Office365 | 26 | 558 | 52,931,947 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Box | 4 | 90 | 23,276,089 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Salesforce | 6 | 365 | 23,137,548 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Gmail | 13 | 139 | 16,399,289 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Linkedin | 10 | 206 | 15,040,918 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | DailyMotion | 8 | 77 | 14,751,514 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | GoogleDocs | 2 | 71 | 14,205,476 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Wikia | 15 | 159 | 13,909,777 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Foxnews | 82 | 499 | 13,758,899 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Yahoo Finance | 33 | 254 | 13,134,011 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Youtube | 8 | 97 | 13,056,216 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Facebook | 4 | 207 | 12,726,231 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | CNBC | 77 | 275 | 11,939,566 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Lightreading | 27 | 304 | 11,200,864 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | BusinessInsider | 16 | 142 | 11,001,575 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Alexa | 5 | 153 | 10,475,151 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | CNN | 41 | 206 | 10,423,740 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Twitter Video | 2 | 72 | 10,112,820 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Cisco Webex | 1 | 213 | 9,988,417 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Slack | 3 | 40 | 9,938,686 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Google Maps | 5 | 191 | 8,771,873 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | SpectrumIEEE | 7 | 145 | 8,682,629 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Yelp | 9 | 146 | 8,607,645 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Vimeo | 12 | 74 | 8,555,960 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Wikihow | 11 | 140 | 8,042,314 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Netflix | 3 | 31 | 7,839,256 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Instagram | 3 | 114 | 7,230,883 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Morningstar | 30 | 150 | 7,220,121 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Docusign | 5 | 68 | 6,972,738 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Twitter | 1 | 100 | 6,939,150 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Tumblr | 11 | 70 | 6,877,200 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Whatsapp | 3 | 46 | 6,829,848 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Imdb | 16 | 251 | 6,505,227 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | NOAAgov | 1 | 44 | 6,316,283 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | IndustryWeek | 23 | 192 | 6,242,403 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Spotify | 18 | 119 | 6,231,013 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | AutoNews | 16 | 165 | 6,115,354 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Evernote | 3 | 47 | 6,063,168 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | NatGeo | 34 | 104 | 6,026,344 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | BBC News | 18 | 156 | 5,898,572 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Investopedia | 38 | 241 | 5,792,038 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Pinterest | 8 | 102 | 5,658,994 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Succesfactors | 2 | 112 | 5,049,001 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | AbaJournal | 6 | 93 | 4,985,626 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Pbworks | 4 | 78 | 4,670,980 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | NetworkWorld | 42 | 153 | 4,651,354 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | WebMD | 24 | 280 | 4,416,736 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | OilGasJournal | 14 | 105 | 4,095,255 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Trello | 5 | 39 | 4,080,182 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | BusinessWire | 5 | 109 | 4,055,331 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Dropbox | 5 | 17 | 4,023,469 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Nejm | 20 | 190 | 4,003,657 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | OilGasDaily | 7 | 199 | 3,970,498 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Chase | 6 | 52 | 3,719,232 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | MedicalNews | 6 | 117 | 3,634,187 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Marketwatch | 25 | 142 | 3,291,226 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Imgur | 5 | 48 | 3,189,919 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | NPR | 9 | 83 | 3,184,303 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Onelogin | 2 | 31 | 3,132,707 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Concur | 2 | 50 | 3,066,326 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Service-now | 1 | 37 | 2,985,329 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Apple itunes | 14 | 80 | 2,843,744 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | BerkeleyEdu | 3 | 69 | 2,622,009 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | MSN | 39 | 203 | 2,532,972 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Indeed | 3 | 47 | 2,325,197 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | MayoClinic | 6 | 56 | 2,269,085 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Ebay | 9 | 164 | 2,219,223 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | UCLAedu | 3 | 42 | 1,991,311 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | ConstructionDive | 5 | 125 | 1,828,428 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | EducationNews | 4 | 78 | 1,605,427 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | BofA | 12 | 68 | 1,584,851 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | ScienceDirect | 7 | 26 | 1,463,951 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Reddit | 8 | 55 | 1,441,909 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | FoodBusinessNews | 5 | 49 | 1,378,298 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Amex | 8 | 42 | 1,270,696 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Weather | 4 | 50 | 1,243,826 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Wikipedia | 3 | 27 | 958,935 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Bing | 1 | 52 | 697,514 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | ADP | 1 | 30 | 508,654 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | | | | | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+ | Grand Total | 983 | 10021 | 569,819,095 | +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
Table 8: Summary of NetSecOPEN Enterprise Perimeter Traffic Mix