%!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Title: (\376\377) %%Version: 1 2 %%Creator: (\376\377) %%CreationDate: (D:20020203011845) %%For: (\376\377) %%DocumentData: Clean7Bit %%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842 %%Pages: 24 %%DocumentProcessColors: Cyan Magenta Yellow Black %%DocumentNeededResources: (atend) %%DocumentSuppliedResources: %%+ procset (Adobe Acrobat - PDF operators) 1.2 0 %%+ procset (Adobe Acrobat - type operators) 1.2 0 %%EndComments %%BeginDefaults %%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup /currentpacking where{pop currentpacking true setpacking}if %%BeginResource: procset pdfvars %%Copyright: Copyright 1987-1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. %%Version: 4.0 2 %%Title: definition of dictionary of variables used by PDF & PDFText procsets userdict /PDF 160 dict put userdict /PDFVars 86 dict dup begin put /_save 0 def /_cshow 0 def /InitAll 0 def /TermAll 0 def /DocInitAll 0 def /DocTermAll 0 def /_lp /none def /_doClip 0 def /sfc 0 def /_sfcs 0 def /_sfc 0 def /ssc 0 def /_sscs 0 def /_ssc 0 def /_fcs 0 def /_scs 0 def /_fp 0 def /_sp 0 def /AGM_MAX_CS_COMPONENTS 10 def /_fillColors [ 0 1 AGM_MAX_CS_COMPONENTS { array } for ] def /_strokeColors [ 0 1 AGM_MAX_CS_COMPONENTS { array } for ] def /_fc null def /_sc null def /DefaultGray [/DeviceGray] def /DefaultRGB [/DeviceRGB] def /DefaultCMYK [/DeviceCMYK] def /_inT false def /_tr -1 def /_rise 0 def /_ax 0 def /_cx 0 def /_ld 0 def /_tm matrix def /_ctm matrix def /_mtx matrix def /_hy (-) def /_fScl 0 def /_hs 1 def /_pdfEncodings 2 array def /_baselineadj 0 def /_fTzero false def /_Tj 0 def /_italMtx [1 0 .212557 1 0 0] def /_italMtx_WMode1 [1 -.212557 0 1 0 0] def /_italMtxType0 [1 0 .1062785 1 0 0] def /_italMtx_WMode1Type0 [1 -.1062785 0 1 0 0] def /_basefont 0 def /_basefonto 0 def /_pdf_oldCIDInit null def /_pdf_FontDirectory 30 dict def /_categories 10 dict def /_sa? true def /_op? false def /_OP? false def /_opmode 0 def /_ColorSep5044? false def /_tmpcolr? [] def /_tmpop? {} def /_processColors 0 def /_defaulttransfer currenttransfer def /_defaultflatness currentflat def /_defaulthalftone null def /_defaultcolortransfer null def /_defaultblackgeneration null def /_defaultundercolorremoval null def /_defaultcolortransfer null def end %%EndResource PDFVars begin PDF begin %%BeginResource: procset pdfutil %%Copyright: Copyright 1993-1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. %%Version: 4.0 2 %%Title: Basic utilities used by other PDF procsets /bd {bind def} bind def /ld {load def} bd /bld { dup length dict begin { null def } forall bind end def } bd /dd { PDFVars 3 1 roll put } bd /xdd { exch dd } bd /Level2? systemdict /languagelevel known { systemdict /languagelevel get 2 ge } { false } ifelse def /Level3? systemdict /languagelevel known {systemdict /languagelevel get 3 eq } { false } ifelse def /getifknown { 2 copy known { get true } { pop pop false } ifelse } bd /here { currentdict exch getifknown } bd /isdefined? { where { pop true } { false } ifelse } bd /StartLoad { dup dup not { /_save save dd } if } bd /EndLoad { if not { _save restore } if } bd %%EndResource %%BeginResource: l2compat %%Copyright: Copyright 1987-1993 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. /cshow isdefined? not StartLoad { /cshow { exch /_cshow xdd { 0 0 _cshow exec } forall } bd } EndLoad /setcmykcolor isdefined? not StartLoad { /setcmykcolor { 1 sub 4 1 roll 3 { 3 index add neg dup 0 lt { pop 0 } if 3 1 roll } repeat setrgbcolor pop } bd } EndLoad /rectclip isdefined? not StartLoad { /re 0 def /rectclip { newpath re clip newpath } bd } EndLoad /execform isdefined? not StartLoad { /execform { gsave dup begin Matrix concat BBox aload pop exch 3 index sub exch 2 index sub rectclip PaintProc end grestore } def } EndLoad /sethalftone isdefined? not StartLoad { /sethalftone { begin HalftoneType 1 eq { Frequency Angle /SpotFunction load setscreen } if end } bd } EndLoad %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset pdf %%Version: 4.0 3 %%Copyright: Copyright 1998-1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. %%Title: General operators for PDF, common to all Language Levels. [/b/B/b*/B*/BDC/BI/BMC/BT/BX/c/cm/cs/CS/d/d0/d1/Do/DP/EI/EMC/ET/EX/f/f*/g/G/gs /h/i/j/J/k/K/l/m/M/MP/n/q/Q/re/rg/RG/ri/s/S/sc/SC/scn/SCN/sg/Tc/Td/TD/Tf/Tj/TJ /TL/Tm/Tr/Ts/Tw/Tz/T*/v/w/W/W*/y/'/" /applyInterpFunc/applystitchFunc/domainClip/EF/encodeInput/gsDI/ilp/icl /initgs/int/limit/PS/rangeClip/RC/rf/makePat/csfamily /? /! /| /: /+ /GetGlyphDirectory ] {null def} bind forall /v { currentpoint 6 2 roll c } bd /y { 2 copy c } bd /h/closepath ld /d/setdash ld /j/setlinejoin ld /J/setlinecap ld /M/setmiterlimit ld /w/setlinewidth ld /i { dup 0 eq { pop _defaultflatness } if setflat } bd /gsDI { begin /OP here { /_OP? xdd } if /op here { /_op? xdd } { /OP here { /_op? xdd } if } ifelse /OPM here { /_opmode xdd } if /Font here { aload pop Tf } if /LW here { w } if /LC here { J } if /LJ here { j } if /ML here { M } if /D here { aload pop d } if end } bd /ilp { /_lp /none dd } bd /icl { /_doClip 0 dd } bd /W { /_doClip 1 dd } bd /W* { /_doClip 2 dd } bd /n { {{} {clip} {eoclip}} _doClip get exec icl newpath } bd /s { h S } bd /B { q f Q S } bd /B* { q f* Q S } bd /b { h B } bd /b* { h B* } bd /q/save ld /Q { restore ilp } bd /GetCSFamily { dup type /arraytype eq {0 get} if } bd /GetCompsDict 11 dict begin /DeviceGray { pop 1 } bd /DeviceRGB { pop 3 } bd /DeviceCMYK { pop 4 } bd /CIEBasedA { pop 1 } bd /CIEBasedABC { pop 3 } bd /CIEBasedDEF { pop 3 } bd /CIEBasedDEFG { pop 4 } bd /DeviceN { 1 get length } bd /Separation { pop 1 } bd /Indexed { pop 1 } bd /Pattern { pop 0 } bd currentdict end def /GetComps { GetCompsDict 1 index GetCSFamily get exec } bd /cs { dup _fcs eq { pop } { dup /_fcs xdd GetComps _fillColors exch get /_fc xdd /_fp null dd } ifelse } bd /CS { dup _scs eq { pop } { dup /_scs xdd GetComps _strokeColors exch get /_sc xdd /_sp null dd } ifelse } bd /sc { _fc astore pop ilp } bd /SC { _sc astore pop ilp } bd /g { DefaultGray cs sc } bd /rg { DefaultRGB cs sc } bd /k { DefaultCMYK cs sc } bd /G { DefaultGray CS SC } bd /RG { DefaultRGB CS SC } bd /K { DefaultCMYK CS SC } bd /cm { _mtx astore concat } bd /re { 4 2 roll m 1 index 0 rlineto 0 exch rlineto neg 0 rlineto h } bd /RC/rectclip ld /EF/execform ld /PS { cvx exec } bd /initgs { /DefaultGray [/DeviceGray] dd /DefaultRGB [/DeviceRGB] dd /DefaultCMYK [/DeviceCMYK] dd 0 g 0 G [] 0 d 0 j 0 J 10 M 1 w true setSA /_op? false dd /_OP? false dd /_opmode 0 dd /_defaulttransfer load settransfer 0 i /RelativeColorimetric ri newpath } bd /int { dup 2 index sub 3 index 5 index sub div 6 -2 roll sub mul exch pop add exch pop } bd /limit { dup 2 index le { exch } if pop dup 2 index ge { exch } if pop } bd /domainClip { Domain aload pop 3 2 roll limit } [/Domain] bld /applyInterpFunc { 0 1 DimOut 1 sub { dup C0 exch get exch dup C1 exch get exch 3 1 roll 1 index sub 3 index N exp mul add exch currentdict /Range_lo known { dup Range_lo exch get exch Range_hi exch get 3 2 roll limit } { pop } ifelse exch } for pop } [/DimOut /C0 /C1 /N /Range_lo /Range_hi] bld /encodeInput { NumParts 1 sub 0 1 2 index { dup Bounds exch get 2 index gt { exit } { dup 3 index eq { exit } { pop } ifelse } ifelse } for 3 2 roll pop dup Bounds exch get exch dup 1 add Bounds exch get exch 2 mul dup Encode exch get exch 1 add Encode exch get int } [/NumParts /Bounds /Encode] bld /rangeClip { exch dup Range_lo exch get exch Range_hi exch get 3 2 roll limit } [/Range_lo /Range_hi] bld /applyStitchFunc { Functions exch get exec currentdict /Range_lo known { 0 1 DimOut 1 sub { DimOut 1 add -1 roll rangeClip } for } if } [/Functions /Range_lo /DimOut] bld %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset sep_ops %%Version: 4.0 1 %%Copyright: Copyright 1987-1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. %%Title: Support for Separations in Level 1, following the conventions of Tech Note 5044 userdict /sep_ops 50 dict dup begin put /bdef {bind def} bind def /xdef {exch def} bdef /colorimagebuffer { 0 1 2 index length 1 sub { dup 2 index exch get 255 exch sub 2 index 3 1 roll put } for } bdef /addprocs { [ 3 1 roll /exec load dup 3 1 roll ] cvx } bdef /L1? { systemdict /languagelevel known { systemdict /languagelevel get 2 lt }{ true } ifelse } bdef /colorexists { statusdict /processcolors known { statusdict /processcolors get exec }{ /deviceinfo where { pop deviceinfo /Colors known { deviceinfo /Colors get statusdict /processcolors { deviceinfo /Colors known { deviceinfo /Colors get }{ 1 } ifelse } put }{ 1 } ifelse }{ 1 } ifelse } ifelse 1 gt } bdef /colorplate colorexists { 0 } { 5 } ifelse def /negativecolorplate false def /setcmykcolor where { pop gsave 1 0 0 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 1 0 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 0 1 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 0 0 1 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 4 {4 copy} repeat grestore 1 dict begin /foureq { 4 index eq 8 1 roll 4 index eq 8 1 roll 4 index eq 8 1 roll 4 index eq 8 1 roll pop pop pop pop and and and } def 1 0 0 0 foureq {/colorplate 1 store} if 0 1 0 0 foureq {/colorplate 2 store} if 0 0 1 0 foureq {/colorplate 3 store} if 0 0 0 1 foureq {/colorplate 4 store} if 0 0 0 0 foureq {/colorplate 6 store} if end } if 0 systemdict /currenttransfer get exec exec 1 systemdict /currenttransfer get exec exec 2 copy eq { /colorplate 6 store pop /negativecolorplate exch 0.5 lt store } { gt /negativecolorplate exch store } ifelse /findcmykcustomcolor where { pop } { /findcmykcustomcolor { [ 6 1 roll ] readonly } bdef } ifelse /setoverprint where { pop }{ /setoverprint { pop } bdef } ifelse /setcustomcolor where { pop }{ L1? { /setcustomcolor { exch aload pop pop 4 { 4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat 5 -1 roll pop setcmykcolor } bdef }{ /setcustomcolor { exch [ exch /Separation exch dup 4 get exch /DeviceCMYK exch 0 4 getinterval [ exch /dup load exch cvx {mul exch dup} /forall load /pop load dup] cvx ] setcolorspace setcolor } bdef } ifelse } ifelse /ik 0 def /iy 0 def /im 0 def /ic 0 def /imagetint { ic .3 mul im .59 mul iy .11 mul ik add add add dup 1 gt {pop 1} if } bdef /setcmykcolor where { pop }{ /setcmykcolor { /ik xdef /iy xdef /im xdef /ic xdef imagetint 1 exch sub setgray } bdef } ifelse /customcolorimage where { pop }{ L1? { /customcolorimage{ gsave colorexists { aload pop pop /ik xdef /iy xdef /im xdef /ic xdef currentcolortransfer {ik mul ik sub 1 add} addprocs 4 1 roll {iy mul iy sub 1 add} addprocs 4 1 roll {im mul im sub 1 add} addprocs 4 1 roll {ic mul ic sub 1 add} addprocs 4 1 roll setcolortransfer /magentabuf 0 string def /yellowbuf 0 string def /blackbuf 0 string def { colorimagebuffer dup length magentabuf length ne { dup length dup dup /magentabuf exch string def /yellowbuf exch string def /blackbuf exch string def } if dup magentabuf copy yellowbuf copy blackbuf copy pop } addprocs {magentabuf}{yellowbuf}{blackbuf} true 4 colorimage }{ aload pop pop /ik xdef /iy xdef /im xdef /ic xdef /tint imagetint def currenttransfer {tint mul 1 tint sub add} addprocs settransfer image } ifelse grestore } bdef }{ /customcolorimage { gsave [ exch /Separation exch dup 4 get exch /DeviceCMYK exch 0 4 getinterval [ exch /dup load exch cvx {mul exch dup} /forall load /pop load dup] cvx ] setcolorspace 10 dict begin /ImageType 1 def /DataSource exch def /ImageMatrix exch def /BitsPerComponent exch def /Height exch def /Width exch def /Decode [1 0] def currentdict end image grestore } bdef } ifelse } ifelse /setseparationgray where { pop }{ L1? { /setseparationgray { 1 exch sub dup dup dup setcmykcolor } bdef }{ /setseparationgray { [/Separation /All /DeviceCMYK {dup dup dup}] setcolorspace 1 exch sub setcolor } bdef } ifelse } ifelse /separationimage where { pop } { /separationimage { gsave 1 1 1 1 (All) findcmykcustomcolor customcolorimage grestore } bdef } ifelse currentdict readonly pop end %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset pdflev15044 %%Version: 4.0 5 %%Copyright: Copyright 1987-1999 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. %%LanguageLevel: 1 %%Title: PDF operators, Level 1, with emulated separations (TN 5044) /_ColorSep5044? true dd /_defaulthalftone /currenthalftone where { pop currenthalftone } { 4 dict dup begin currentscreen /SpotFunction exch def /Angle exch def /Frequency exch def /HalftoneType 1 def end } ifelse dd /currentcolortransfer where { pop /_defaultcolortransfer [ currentcolortransfer ] dd } { /setcolortransfer { settransfer pop pop pop } bd /_defaultcolortransfer [currenttransfer dup dup dup] dd } ifelse /initialize { sep_ops begin 50 dict begin _defaulthalftone sethalftone } bd /terminate { end end } bd /pl { transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch itransform } bd /m { _sa? { pl } if moveto } bd /l { _sa? { pl } if lineto } bd /c { _sa? { pl } if curveto } bd /setSA { /_sa? xdd } bd /AlmostFull? { dup maxlength exch length sub 2 le } bd /Expand { 1 index maxlength mul cvi dict dup begin exch { def } forall end } bd /xput { 3 2 roll dup 3 index known not { dup AlmostFull? { 1.5 Expand } if } if dup 4 2 roll put } bd /defineRes { _categories 1 index known not { /_categories _categories 2 index 10 dict xput store } if _categories exch 2 copy get 5 -1 roll 4 index xput put } bd /findRes { _categories exch get exch get } bd /ri/pop ld /L1setcolor { aload length dup 0 eq { pop .5 setgray } { dup 1 eq { pop setgray } { 3 eq { setrgbcolor } { setcmykcolor } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } bind dd /_sfcs { } dd /_sscs { } dd /scn { sc } bd /SCN { SC } bd /rf {re f} bd /concattransferfuncs { [ 3 1 roll /exec load exch /exec load ] cvx } bd /concatandsettransfer { /_defaulttransfer load concattransferfuncs settransfer } bd /concatandsetcolortransfer { colorplate 0 eq { _defaultcolortransfer aload pop 8 -1 roll 5 -1 roll concattransferfuncs 7 1 roll 6 -1 roll 4 -1 roll concattransferfuncs 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll 3 -1 roll concattransferfuncs 3 1 roll concattransferfuncs setcolortransfer } if colorplate 1 ge colorplate 4 le and { 4 colorplate sub index 4 { exch pop } repeat concatandsettransfer } if colorplate 5 ge { 0 index 4 { exch pop } repeat concatandsettransfer } if } bd /tn5044sethalftone { begin HalftoneType 5 eq { [/Default /Cyan /Magenta /Yellow /Black /Default /Default /Default] colorplate get here not { /Default here not { currentdict } if } if } { currentdict } ifelse end begin /TransferFunction here { concatandsettransfer currentdict dup length dict begin { 1 index /TransferFunction ne { def } { pop pop } ifelse } forall currentdict end } { currentdict } ifelse end sethalftone } bd /gs { begin /SA here { /_sa? xdd } if /TR here { dup xcheck { concatandsettransfer } { aload pop concatandsetcolortransfer } ifelse } if /HT here { tn5044sethalftone } if /FL here { i } if currentdict gsDI end } bd /csfamily { dup type /arraytype eq { 0 get } if } bd /_sfc { _fp null eq { _fcs type /arraytype eq {_fcs 0 get /Separation eq { _fcs 1 get /All eq { _fc aload pop 1 exch sub /setseparationgray where pop begin setseparationgray end } { _fcs 2 get csfamily /DeviceCMYK eq { 1 _fcs 3 get exec _fcs 1 get /findcmykcustomcolor where pop begin findcmykcustomcolor end _fc aload pop /setcustomcolor where pop begin setcustomcolor end } { _fc aload pop 1 exch sub setgray } ifelse } ifelse } { _fc L1setcolor } ifelse } { _fc L1setcolor } ifelse } { _fc L1setcolor } ifelse } bind dd /_ssc { _sp null eq { _scs type /arraytype eq {_scs 0 get /Separation eq { _scs 1 get /All eq { _sc aload pop 1 exch sub /setseparationgray where pop begin setseparationgray end } { _scs 2 get csfamily /DeviceCMYK eq { 1 _scs 3 get exec _scs 1 get /findcmykcustomcolor where pop begin findcmykcustomcolor end _sc aload pop /setcustomcolor where pop begin setcustomcolor end } {_sc aload pop 1 exch sub setgray } ifelse } ifelse } { _sc L1setcolor } ifelse } { _sc L1setcolor } ifelse } { _sc L1setcolor } ifelse } bind dd /sfc { _op? setoverprint _lp /fill ne { _sfcs _sfc /_lp /fill dd } if } dd /ssc { _OP? setoverprint _lp /stroke ne { _sscs _ssc /_lp /stroke dd } if } dd /f { { { sfc fill } {gsave sfc fill grestore clip newpath icl ilp} {gsave sfc fill grestore eoclip newpath icl ilp} } _doClip get exec } bd /f* { { { sfc eofill } {gsave sfc eofill grestore clip newpath icl ilp} {gsave sfc eofill grestore eoclip newpath icl ilp} } _doClip get exec } bd /S { { { ssc stroke } {gsave ssc stroke grestore clip newpath icl ilp} {gsave ssc stroke grestore eoclip newpath icl ilp} } _doClip get exec } bd /rf {re f} bd %%EndResource %%BeginResource: procset pdftext %%Version: 4.0 2 %%Copyright: Copyright 1987-1998 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. %%Title: Text operators for PDF PDF /PDFText 75 dict dup begin put /docinitialize { /resourcestatus where { pop /CIDParams /ProcSet resourcestatus { pop pop false /CIDParams /ProcSet findresource /SetBuildCompatible get exec } if } if PDF begin PDFText /_pdfDefineIdentity-H known { PDFText /_pdfDefineIdentity-H get exec} if end } bd /initialize { PDFText begin /_intT false dd 0 Tr } bd /terminate { end } bd /_safeput { Level2? not { 2 index load dup dup length exch maxlength ge { dup length 5 add dict copy 3 index xdd } { pop } ifelse } if 3 -1 roll load 3 1 roll put } bd /pdf_has_composefont? systemdict /composefont known def /CopyFont { { 1 index /FID ne 2 index /UniqueID ne and { def } { pop pop } ifelse } forall } bd /Type0CopyFont { exch dup length dict begin CopyFont [ exch FDepVector { dup /FontType get 0 eq { 1 index Type0CopyFont /_pdfType0 exch definefont } { /_pdfBaseFont exch 2 index exec } ifelse exch } forall pop ] /FDepVector exch def currentdict end } bd /cHexEncoding [/c00/c01/c02/c03/c04/c05/c06/c07/c08/c09/c0A/c0B/c0C/c0D/c0E/c0F/c10/c11/c12 /c13/c14/c15/c16/c17/c18/c19/c1A/c1B/c1C/c1D/c1E/c1F/c20/c21/c22/c23/c24/c25 /c26/c27/c28/c29/c2A/c2B/c2C/c2D/c2E/c2F/c30/c31/c32/c33/c34/c35/c36/c37/c38 /c39/c3A/c3B/c3C/c3D/c3E/c3F/c40/c41/c42/c43/c44/c45/c46/c47/c48/c49/c4A/c4B /c4C/c4D/c4E/c4F/c50/c51/c52/c53/c54/c55/c56/c57/c58/c59/c5A/c5B/c5C/c5D/c5E /c5F/c60/c61/c62/c63/c64/c65/c66/c67/c68/c69/c6A/c6B/c6C/c6D/c6E/c6F/c70/c71 /c72/c73/c74/c75/c76/c77/c78/c79/c7A/c7B/c7C/c7D/c7E/c7F/c80/c81/c82/c83/c84 /c85/c86/c87/c88/c89/c8A/c8B/c8C/c8D/c8E/c8F/c90/c91/c92/c93/c94/c95/c96/c97 /c98/c99/c9A/c9B/c9C/c9D/c9E/c9F/cA0/cA1/cA2/cA3/cA4/cA5/cA6/cA7/cA8/cA9/cAA /cAB/cAC/cAD/cAE/cAF/cB0/cB1/cB2/cB3/cB4/cB5/cB6/cB7/cB8/cB9/cBA/cBB/cBC/cBD /cBE/cBF/cC0/cC1/cC2/cC3/cC4/cC5/cC6/cC7/cC8/cC9/cCA/cCB/cCC/cCD/cCE/cCF/cD0 /cD1/cD2/cD3/cD4/cD5/cD6/cD7/cD8/cD9/cDA/cDB/cDC/cDD/cDE/cDF/cE0/cE1/cE2/cE3 /cE4/cE5/cE6/cE7/cE8/cE9/cEA/cEB/cEC/cED/cEE/cEF/cF0/cF1/cF2/cF3/cF4/cF5/cF6 /cF7/cF8/cF9/cFA/cFB/cFC/cFD/cFE/cFF] def /modEnc { /_enc xdd /_icode 0 dd counttomark 1 sub -1 0 { index dup type /nametype eq { _enc _icode 3 -1 roll put _icode 1 add } if /_icode xdd } for cleartomark _enc } bd /trEnc { /_enc xdd 255 -1 0 { exch dup -1 eq { pop /.notdef } { Encoding exch get } ifelse _enc 3 1 roll put } for pop _enc } bd /TE { /_i xdd StandardEncoding 256 array copy modEnc _pdfEncodings exch _i exch put } bd /TZ { /_usePDFEncoding xdd findfont dup length 6 add dict begin { 1 index /FID ne { def } { pop pop } ifelse } forall /pdf_origFontName FontName def /FontName exch def _usePDFEncoding 0 ge { /Encoding _pdfEncodings _usePDFEncoding get def pop } { _usePDFEncoding -1 eq { counttomark 0 eq { pop } { Encoding 256 array copy modEnc /Encoding exch def } ifelse } { 256 array trEnc /Encoding exch def } ifelse } ifelse pdf_EuroProcSet pdf_origFontName known { pdf_origFontName pdf_AddEuroGlyphProc } if FontName currentdict end definefont pop } bd /Level2? systemdict /languagelevel known {systemdict /languagelevel get 2 ge} {false} ifelse def Level2? { /_pdfFontStatus { currentglobal exch /Font resourcestatus {pop pop true} {false} ifelse exch setglobal } bd } { /_pdfFontStatusString 50 string def _pdfFontStatusString 0 (fonts/) putinterval /_pdfFontStatus { FontDirectory 1 index known { pop true } { _pdfFontStatusString 6 42 getinterval cvs length 6 add _pdfFontStatusString exch 0 exch getinterval { status } stopped {pop false} { { pop pop pop pop true} { false } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } bd } ifelse Level2? { /_pdfCIDFontStatus { /CIDFont /Category resourcestatus { pop pop /CIDFont resourcestatus {pop pop true} {false} ifelse } { pop false } ifelse } bd } if /_pdfString100 100 string def /_pdfComposeFontName { dup length 1 eq { 0 get 1 index type /nametype eq { _pdfString100 cvs length dup dup _pdfString100 exch (-) putinterval _pdfString100 exch 1 add dup _pdfString100 length exch sub getinterval 2 index exch cvs length add 1 add _pdfString100 exch 0 exch getinterval exch pop true } { pop pop false } ifelse } { false } ifelse dup {exch cvn exch} if } bd /_pdfConcatNames { exch _pdfString100 cvs length dup dup _pdfString100 exch (-) putinterval _pdfString100 exch 1 add dup _pdfString100 length exch sub getinterval 3 -1 roll exch cvs length add 1 add _pdfString100 exch 0 exch getinterval cvn } bind def /_pdfTextTempString 50 string def /_pdfRegOrderingArray [(Adobe-Japan1) (Adobe-CNS1) (Adobe-Korea1) (Adobe-GB1)] def /_pdf_CheckSupplements { 1 index _pdfTextTempString cvs false _pdfRegOrderingArray { 2 index exch anchorsearch { pop pop pop true exit} { pop } ifelse } forall exch pop { /CIDFont findresource /CIDSystemInfo get /Supplement get exch /CMap findresource /CIDSystemInfo get dup type /dicttype eq {/Supplement get} {pop 0 } ifelse ge } { pop pop true } ifelse } bind def pdf_has_composefont? { /_pdfComposeFont { 2 copy _pdfComposeFontName not { 2 index } if (pdf) exch _pdfConcatNames dup _pdfFontStatus { dup findfont 5 2 roll pop pop pop true} { 4 1 roll 1 index /CMap resourcestatus { pop pop true } {false} ifelse 1 index true exch { _pdfCIDFontStatus not {pop false exit} if } forall and { 1 index 1 index 0 get _pdf_CheckSupplements { 3 -1 roll pop 2 index 3 1 roll composefont true } { pop pop exch pop false } ifelse } { _pdfComposeFontName { dup _pdfFontStatus { exch pop 1 index exch findfont definefont true } { pop exch pop false } ifelse } { exch pop false } ifelse } ifelse { true } { dup _pdfFontStatus { dup findfont true } { pop false } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } bd } { /_pdfComposeFont { _pdfComposeFontName not { dup } if dup _pdfFontStatus {exch pop dup findfont true} { 1 index dup type /nametype eq {pop} {cvn} ifelse eq {pop false} { dup _pdfFontStatus {dup findfont true} {pop false} ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } bd } ifelse /_pdfStyleDicts 4 dict dup begin /Adobe-Japan1 4 dict dup begin Level2? { /Serif /HeiseiMin-W3-83pv-RKSJ-H _pdfFontStatus {/HeiseiMin-W3} { /HeiseiMin-W3 _pdfCIDFontStatus {/HeiseiMin-W3} {/Ryumin-Light} ifelse } ifelse def /SansSerif /HeiseiKakuGo-W5-83pv-RKSJ-H _pdfFontStatus {/HeiseiKakuGo-W5} { /HeiseiKakuGo-W5 _pdfCIDFontStatus {/HeiseiKakuGo-W5} {/GothicBBB-Medium} ifelse } ifelse def /HeiseiMaruGo-W4-83pv-RKSJ-H _pdfFontStatus {/HeiseiMaruGo-W4} { /HeiseiMaruGo-W4 _pdfCIDFontStatus {/HeiseiMaruGo-W4} { /Jun101-Light-RKSJ-H _pdfFontStatus { /Jun101-Light } { SansSerif } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse /RoundSansSerif exch def /Default Serif def } { /Serif /Ryumin-Light def /SansSerif /GothicBBB-Medium def { (fonts/Jun101-Light-83pv-RKSJ-H) status }stopped {pop}{ { pop pop pop pop /Jun101-Light } { SansSerif } ifelse /RoundSansSerif exch def }ifelse /Default Serif def } ifelse end def /Adobe-Korea1 4 dict dup begin /Serif /HYSMyeongJo-Medium def /SansSerif /HYGoThic-Medium def /RoundSansSerif SansSerif def /Default Serif def end def /Adobe-GB1 4 dict dup begin /Serif /STSong-Light def /SansSerif /STHeiti-Regular def /RoundSansSerif SansSerif def /Default Serif def end def /Adobe-CNS1 4 dict dup begin /Serif /MKai-Medium def /SansSerif /MHei-Medium def /RoundSansSerif SansSerif def /Default Serif def end def end def /TZzero { /_fyAdj xdd /_wmode xdd /_styleArr xdd /_regOrdering xdd 3 copy _pdfComposeFont { 5 2 roll pop pop pop } { [ 0 1 _styleArr length 1 sub { _styleArr exch get _pdfStyleDicts _regOrdering 2 copy known { get exch 2 copy known not { pop /Default } if get } { pop pop pop /Unknown } ifelse } for ] exch pop 2 index 3 1 roll _pdfComposeFont {3 -1 roll pop} { findfont dup /FontName get exch } ifelse } ifelse dup /WMode 2 copy known { get _wmode ne } { pop pop _wmode 1 eq} ifelse _fyAdj 0 ne or { exch _wmode _pdfConcatNames _fyAdj _pdfConcatNames dup _pdfFontStatus { exch pop dup findfont false} { exch true } ifelse } { dup /FontType get 0 ne } ifelse { dup /FontType get 3 eq _wmode 1 eq and { _pdfVerticalRomanT3Font dup length 10 add dict copy begin /_basefont exch dup length 3 add dict begin {1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall /Encoding Encoding dup length array copy dup 16#27 /quotesingle put dup 16#60 /grave put _regOrdering /Adobe-Japan1 eq {dup 16#5c /yen put dup 16#a5 /yen put dup 16#b4 /yen put} if def FontName currentdict end definefont def /Encoding _basefont /Encoding get def /_fauxfont true def } { dup length 3 add dict begin {1 index /FID ne {def}{pop pop} ifelse } forall FontType 0 ne { /Encoding Encoding dup length array copy dup 16#27 /quotesingle put dup 16#60 /grave put _regOrdering /Adobe-Japan1 eq {dup 16#5c /yen put} if def /_fauxfont true def } if } ifelse /WMode _wmode def /BaseLineAdj _fyAdj def dup dup /FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop } { pop } ifelse /_pdf_FontDirectory 3 1 roll _safeput } bd /swj { dup 4 1 roll dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll mul add 6 2 roll /_cnt 0 dd {1 index eq {/_cnt _cnt 1 add dd} if} forall pop exch _cnt mul exch _cnt mul 2 index add 4 1 roll 2 index add 4 1 roll pop pop } bd /jss { 4 1 roll { pop pop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put gsave exch false charpath currentpoint 5 index setmatrix stroke 3 -1 roll 32 eq { moveto 5 index 5 index rmoveto currentpoint } if grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 6 {pop} repeat } def /jsfTzero { { pop pop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put exch show 32 eq { 4 index 4 index rmoveto } if 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 5 {pop} repeat } def /jsp { { pop pop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put 32 eq dup {currentfont /Encoding get dup length 33 ge {32 get /space eq and}{pop}ifelse }if { exch 5 index 5 index 5 index 5 -1 roll widthshow } { false charpath } ifelse 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 5 {pop} repeat } bd /trj { _cx 0 fWModeProc 32 _ax 0 fWModeProc 6 5 roll } bd /pjsf { trj sfc fawidthshowProc } bd /pjss { trj _ctm ssc jss } bd /pjsc { trj jsp } bd /_Tjdef [ /pjsf load /pjss load { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll pjsf newpath moveto pjss } bind { trj swj rmoveto } bind { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave pjsf grestore 3 1 roll moveto pjsc } bind { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto pjsc } bind { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll pjsf newpath moveto pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto pjsc } bind /pjsc load ] def /BT { /_inT true dd _ctm currentmatrix pop matrix _tm copy pop 0 _rise _baselineadj add translate _hs 1 scale 0 0 moveto } bd /ET { /_inT false dd _tr 3 gt {clip} if _ctm setmatrix newpath } bd /Tr { _inT { _tr 3 le {currentpoint newpath moveto} if } if dup /_tr xdd _Tjdef exch get /_Tj xdd } bd /Tj { userdict /$$copystring 2 index put _Tj } bd /iTm { _ctm setmatrix _tm concat 0 _rise _baselineadj add translate _hs 1 scale } bd /Tm { _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } bd /Td { _mtx translate _tm _tm concatmatrix pop iTm 0 0 moveto } bd /TD { dup /_ld xdd Td } bd /_nullProc {} bd /Tf { dup 1000 div /_fScl xdd _pdf_FontDirectory 2 index 2 copy known {get exch 3 -1 roll pop} {pop pop} ifelse Level2? { selectfont } { exch findfont exch scalefont setfont} ifelse currentfont dup /_nullProc exch /WMode known { 1 index /WMode get 1 eq {pop /exch} if } if load /fWModeProc xdd dup /FontType get 0 eq dup _cx 0 ne and { /jsfTzero } { /awidthshow } ifelse load /fawidthshowProc xdd /_fTzero xdd dup /BaseLineAdj known { dup /BaseLineAdj get _fScl mul } { 0 } ifelse /_baselineadj xdd dup /_pdfT3Font known { 0 } {_tr} ifelse _Tjdef exch get /_Tj xdd _intT {currentpoint iTm moveto} if pop } bd /TL { neg /_ld xdd } bd /Tw { /_cx xdd _cx 0 ne _fTzero and { /jsfTzero } { /awidthshow } ifelse load /fawidthshowProc xdd } bd /Tc { /_ax xdd } bd /Ts { /_rise xdd currentpoint iTm moveto } bd /Tz { 100 div /_hs xdd iTm } bd /Tk { exch pop _fScl mul neg 0 fWModeProc rmoveto } bd /T* { 0 _ld Td } bd /' { T* Tj } bd /" { exch Tc exch Tw ' } bd /TJ { { dup type /stringtype eq { Tj } { 0 exch Tk } ifelse } forall } bd /T- { _hy Tj } bd /d0/setcharwidth ld /d1 { setcachedevice /sfc{}dd /ssc{}dd } bd /nND {{/.notdef} repeat} bd /T3Defs { /BuildChar { 1 index /Encoding get exch get 1 index /BuildGlyph get exec } def /BuildGlyph { exch begin GlyphProcs exch get exec end } def /_pdfT3Font true def } bd /_pdfBoldRomanWidthProc { stringwidth 1 index 0 ne { exch .03 add exch }if setcharwidth 0 0 } bd /_pdfType0WidthProc { dup stringwidth 0 0 moveto 2 index true charpath pathbbox 0 -1 7 index 2 div .88 setcachedevice2 pop 0 0 } bd /_pdfType0WMode1WidthProc { dup stringwidth pop 2 div neg -0.88 2 copy moveto 0 -1 5 -1 roll true charpath pathbbox setcachedevice } bd /_pdfBoldBaseFont 11 dict begin /FontType 3 def /FontMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]def /FontBBox[0 0 1 1]def /Encoding cHexEncoding def /_setwidthProc /_pdfBoldRomanWidthProc load def /_bcstr1 1 string def /BuildChar { exch begin _basefont setfont _bcstr1 dup 0 4 -1 roll put dup _setwidthProc 3 copy moveto show _basefonto setfont moveto show end }bd currentdict end def pdf_has_composefont? { /_pdfBoldBaseCIDFont 11 dict begin /CIDFontType 1 def /CIDFontName /_pdfBoldBaseCIDFont def /FontMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]def /FontBBox[0 0 1 1]def /_setwidthProc /_pdfType0WidthProc load def /_bcstr2 2 string def /BuildGlyph { exch begin _basefont setfont _bcstr2 1 2 index 256 mod put _bcstr2 0 3 -1 roll 256 idiv put _bcstr2 dup _setwidthProc 3 copy moveto show _basefonto setfont moveto show end }bd currentdict end def /_pdfDefineIdentity-H { /Identity-H /CMap resourcestatus { pop pop } { /CIDInit/ProcSet findresource begin 12 dict begin begincmap /CIDSystemInfo 3 dict begin /Registry (Adobe) def /Ordering (Identity) def /Supplement 0 def currentdict end def /CMapName /Identity-H def /CMapVersion 1 def /CMapType 1 def 1 begincodespacerange <0000> endcodespacerange 1 begincidrange <0000> 0 endcidrange endcmap CMapName currentdict/CMap defineresource pop end end } ifelse } def } if /_pdfVerticalRomanT3Font 10 dict begin /FontType 3 def /FontMatrix[1 0 0 1 0 0]def /FontBBox[0 0 1 1]def /_bcstr1 1 string def /BuildChar { exch begin _basefont setfont _bcstr1 dup 0 4 -1 roll put dup _pdfType0WidthProc moveto show end }bd currentdict end def /MakeBoldFont { dup /ct_SyntheticBold known { dup length 3 add dict begin CopyFont /ct_StrokeWidth .03 0 FontMatrix idtransform pop def /ct_SyntheticBold true def currentdict end definefont } { dup dup length 3 add dict begin CopyFont /PaintType 2 def /StrokeWidth .03 0 FontMatrix idtransform pop def /dummybold currentdict end definefont dup /FontType get dup 9 ge exch 11 le and { _pdfBoldBaseCIDFont dup length 3 add dict copy begin dup /CIDSystemInfo get /CIDSystemInfo exch def /_Type0Identity /Identity-H 3 -1 roll [ exch ] composefont /_basefont exch def /_Type0Identity /Identity-H 3 -1 roll [ exch ] composefont /_basefonto exch def currentdict end /CIDFont defineresource } { _pdfBoldBaseFont dup length 3 add dict copy begin /_basefont exch def /_basefonto exch def currentdict end definefont } ifelse } ifelse } bd /MakeBold { 1 index _pdf_FontDirectory 2 index 2 copy known {get} {exch pop} ifelse findfont dup /FontType get 0 eq { dup /WMode known {dup /WMode get 1 eq }{false} ifelse version length 4 ge and {version 0 4 getinterval cvi 2015 ge } {true} ifelse {/_pdfType0WidthProc} {/_pdfType0WMode1WidthProc} ifelse _pdfBoldBaseFont /_setwidthProc 3 -1 roll load put {MakeBoldFont} Type0CopyFont definefont } { dup /_fauxfont known not 1 index /SubstMaster known not and { _pdfBoldBaseFont /_setwidthProc /_pdfBoldRomanWidthProc load put MakeBoldFont } { 2 index 2 index eq { exch pop } { dup length dict begin CopyFont currentdict end definefont } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse pop pop dup /dummybold ne {/_pdf_FontDirectory exch dup _safeput } { pop } ifelse }bd /MakeItalic { _pdf_FontDirectory exch 2 copy known {get} {exch pop} ifelse dup findfont dup /FontInfo 2 copy known { get /ItalicAngle 2 copy known {get 0 eq } { pop pop true} ifelse } { pop pop true} ifelse { exch pop dup /FontType get 0 eq Level2? not and { dup /FMapType get 6 eq } { false } ifelse { dup /WMode 2 copy known { get 1 eq { _italMtx_WMode1Type0 } { _italMtxType0 } ifelse } { pop pop _italMtxType0 } ifelse } { dup /WMode 2 copy known { get 1 eq { _italMtx_WMode1 } { _italMtx } ifelse } { pop pop _italMtx } ifelse } ifelse makefont dup /FontType get 42 eq Level2? not or { dup length dict begin CopyFont currentdict end } if 1 index exch definefont pop /_pdf_FontDirectory exch dup _safeput } { pop 2 copy ne { /_pdf_FontDirectory 3 1 roll _safeput } { pop pop } ifelse } ifelse }bd /MakeBoldItalic { /dummybold exch MakeBold /dummybold MakeItalic }bd Level2? { /pdf_CopyDict {1 index length add dict copy} def } { /pdf_CopyDict { 1 index length add dict 1 index wcheck { copy } { begin {def} forall currentdict end } ifelse } def } ifelse /pdf_AddEuroGlyphProc { currentdict /CharStrings known { CharStrings /Euro known not { dup /CharStrings CharStrings 1 pdf_CopyDict begin /Euro pdf_EuroProcSet 4 -1 roll get def currentdict end def /pdf_PSBuildGlyph /pdf_PSBuildGlyph load def /pdf_PathOps /pdf_PathOps load def /Symbol eq { /Encoding Encoding dup length array copy dup 160 /Euro put def } if } { pop } ifelse } { pop } ifelse } def /pdf_PathOps 4 dict dup begin /m {moveto} def /l {lineto} def /c {curveto} def /cp {closepath} def end def /pdf_PSBuildGlyph { gsave 8 -1 roll pop 7 1 roll currentdict /PaintType 2 copy known {get 2 eq}{pop pop false} ifelse dup 9 1 roll { currentdict /StrokeWidth 2 copy known { get 2 div 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll 4 index sub 4 1 roll 3 -1 roll 4 index sub 3 1 roll exch 4 index add exch 4 index add 5 -1 roll pop } { pop pop } ifelse } if setcachedevice pdf_PathOps begin exec end { currentdict /StrokeWidth 2 copy known { get } { pop pop 0 } ifelse setlinewidth stroke } { fill } ifelse grestore } def /pdf_EuroProcSet 13 dict def pdf_EuroProcSet begin /Courier-Bold { 600 0 6 -12 585 612 { 385 274 m 180 274 l 179 283 179 293 179 303 c 179 310 179 316 180 323 c 398 323 l 423 404 l 197 404 l 219 477 273 520 357 520 c 409 520 466 490 487 454 c 487 389 l 579 389 l 579 612 l 487 612 l 487 560 l 449 595 394 612 349 612 c 222 612 130 529 98 404 c 31 404 l 6 323 l 86 323 l 86 304 l 86 294 86 284 87 274 c 31 274 l 6 193 l 99 193 l 129 77 211 -12 359 -12 c 398 -12 509 8 585 77 c 529 145 l 497 123 436 80 356 80 c 285 80 227 122 198 193 c 360 193 l cp 600 0 m } pdf_PSBuildGlyph } def /Courier-BoldOblique /Courier-Bold load def /Courier { 600 0 17 -12 578 584 { 17 204 m 97 204 l 126 81 214 -12 361 -12 c 440 -12 517 17 578 62 c 554 109 l 501 70 434 43 366 43 c 266 43 184 101 154 204 c 380 204 l 400 259 l 144 259 l 144 270 143 281 143 292 c 143 299 143 307 144 314 c 418 314 l 438 369 l 153 369 l 177 464 249 529 345 529 c 415 529 484 503 522 463 c 522 391 l 576 391 l 576 584 l 522 584 l 522 531 l 473 566 420 584 348 584 c 216 584 122 490 95 369 c 37 369 l 17 314 l 87 314 l 87 297 l 87 284 88 272 89 259 c 37 259 l cp 600 0 m } pdf_PSBuildGlyph } def /Courier-Oblique /Courier load def /Helvetica { 556 0 24 -19 541 703 { 541 628 m 510 669 442 703 354 703 c 201 703 117 607 101 444 c 50 444 l 25 372 l 97 372 l 97 301 l 49 301 l 24 229 l 103 229 l 124 67 209 -19 350 -19 c 435 -19 501 25 509 32 c 509 131 l 492 105 417 60 343 60 c 267 60 204 127 197 229 c 406 229 l 430 301 l 191 301 l 191 372 l 455 372 l 479 444 l 194 444 l 201 531 245 624 348 624 c 433 624 484 583 509 534 c cp 556 0 m } pdf_PSBuildGlyph } def /Helvetica-Oblique /Helvetica load def /Helvetica-Bold { 556 0 12 -19 563 710 { 563 621 m 537 659 463 710 363 710 c 216 710 125 620 101 462 c 51 462 l 12 367 l 92 367 l 92 346 l 92 337 93 328 93 319 c 52 319 l 12 224 l 102 224 l 131 58 228 -19 363 -19 c 417 -19 471 -12 517 18 c 517 146 l 481 115 426 93 363 93 c 283 93 254 166 246 224 c 398 224 l 438 319 l 236 319 l 236 367 l 457 367 l 497 462 l 244 462 l 259 552 298 598 363 598 c 425 598 464 570 486 547 c 507 526 513 517 517 509 c cp 556 0 m } pdf_PSBuildGlyph } def /Helvetica-BoldOblique /Helvetica-Bold load def /Symbol { 750 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def /Times-BoldItalic { 500 0 9 -20 542 686 { 542 686 m 518 686 l 513 673 507 660 495 660 c 475 660 457 683 384 683 c 285 683 170 584 122 430 c 58 430 l 34 369 l 105 369 l 101 354 92 328 90 312 c 34 312 l 9 251 l 86 251 l 85 238 84 223 84 207 c 84 112 117 -14 272 -14 c 326 -14 349 9 381 9 c 393 9 393 -10 394 -20 c 420 -20 l 461 148 l 429 148 l 416 109 362 15 292 15 c 227 15 197 55 197 128 c 197 162 204 203 216 251 c 378 251 l 402 312 l 227 312 l 229 325 236 356 241 369 c 425 369 l 450 430 l 255 430 l 257 435 264 458 274 488 c 298 561 337 654 394 654 c 437 654 484 621 484 530 c 484 516 l 516 516 l cp 500 0 m } pdf_PSBuildGlyph } def /Times-Italic { 500 0 23 -10 595 692 { 399 317 m 196 317 l 199 340 203 363 209 386 c 429 386 l 444 424 l 219 424 l 246 514 307 648 418 648 c 448 648 471 638 492 616 c 529 576 524 529 527 479 c 549 475 l 595 687 l 570 687 l 562 674 558 664 542 664 c 518 664 474 692 423 692 c 275 692 162 551 116 424 c 67 424 l 53 386 l 104 386 l 98 363 93 340 90 317 c 37 317 l 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9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1776 Tc -0.04131 Tw (IPv6 Working Group Rahul Banerjee)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.1731 Tw (Internet Draft)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD ( )Tj 17.25 0 TD ( )Tj 18 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.19 Tc -0.2321 Tw (Sumeshwar Paul Malhotra)Tj 133.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (Draft)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.16611 Tc (flowlabel)Tj 51.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.16721 Tc (qos)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (00.txt )Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.0208 Tw ( Mahaveer M)Tj 98.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD ( )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.01669 Tw ( BITS, Pilani \(India\))Tj 133.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -11.25 TD 0.1573 Tw ( )Tj 273 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw ( February 2002 )Tj 174.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -447.75 -11.25 TD 0.1635 Tw ( )Tj 180 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -180 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 9 -11.25 TD 0.15179 Tc -0.1315 Tw (A Modified Specification for use of the IPv6 Flow Label for providing )Tj 51.75 -10.5 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.2 Tw (efficient Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 297 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -148.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -209.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.23911 Tc -0.4063 Tw (Status of This Memo)Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -110.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -12 TD 0.13541 Tc 4.8045 Tw (This document is an Internetwork Draft and is)Tj 0 Tc -0.41721 Tw ( )Tj 305.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 4.75 Tw (subject to all)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -305.25 -10.5 TD 0.1555 Tc 1.54089 Tw (provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026. Internet Drafts are working )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.13879 Tc 0.644 Tw (documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force \(IETF\), its areas, )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.65179 Tw (and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.151 Tc 0.05679 Tw (working documents as Internet Drafts.)Tj 226.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -249.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.3542 Tw (Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of 6 months \ )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 1.7045 Tw (and may be updated, replaced, or made obsolete by other documents )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1297 Tc 4.83949 Tw (at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet Drafts as)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.20779 Tc 3.0625 Tw (reference material or to cite them other than as a ")Tj 351.75 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 1.75 Tw (work in )Tj -351.75 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (progress".)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -81.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.08459 Tw ( The list of current Internet Drafts can be accessed at)Tj 337.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -337.5 -11.25 TD 0.1698 Tc -0.02451 Tw ( http://www.ietf.org/lid)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1721 Tc (abstracts.html)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -244.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 0.1151 Tw ( The list of Internet Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at)Tj 395.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -395.25 -10.5 TD 0.1635 Tc -0.0181 Tw ( http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html)Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -203.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.15421 Tc 0.0536 Tw ( Copyright\(C\) The Intern)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0.17841 Tc -0.0956 Tw (et Society \(2002\). All Rights Reserved.)Tj 232.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -389.25 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.05161 Tc 0 Tw (Abstract)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -46.5 -11.25 TD -0.04221 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 3 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.375 Tw (This memo suggests a modified specification for defining the 20)Tj 369 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (bit )Tj -375 -11.25 TD 0.14191 Tc 1.35001 Tw (Flow Label field using a hybrid approach that includes options to )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1078 Tc 2.625 Tw (provide IntServ as well as DiffServ)Tj 215.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.11411 Tc 2.0188 Tw (based support for Quality of )Tj -220.5 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (S)Tj 6 0 TD 0.13879 Tc 0.3606 Tw (ervice. It also compares various suggested approaches for defining )Tj -6 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 1.64999 Tw (the 20)Tj 36 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1254 Tc 1.2074 Tw (bit Flow Label field in IPv6 Base Header based on RFC 2460 )Tj -42 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 3.4545 Tw (\(December 1998\) and draft)Tj 156 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (ipv)Tj 18 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 2.46429 Tw (02.txt by Conta & )Tj -284.25 -11.25 TD 0.1609 Tc 10.2433 Tw (Carpenter \(July 2001\). The resultant mechanism is fully)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (im)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.27499 Tw (plementable and unambiguous, as even the lower)Tj 270.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0984 Tc 0.23441 Tw (level details have )Tj -288 -11.25 TD 0.12691 Tc 0.1225 Tw (been worked out as may be required for real implementations.)Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -375 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 1])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 2 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1552 Tc -0.0099 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for )Tj 267.75 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw (use of the February 2002)Tj 144.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1393 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -331.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 105 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -105 -11.25 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.2 Tw (Table of Contents)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14819 Tc -0.0029 Tw ( 1. Introduction..................................................3)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.1552 Tc 0.011 Tw ( 2. IPv6 Flows and Flow Labels ..............)Tj 273 0 TD 0.1624 Tc 0 Tw (.....................3)Tj 128.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.1423 Tc 0.06551 Tw ( 3. Integrated Services Flow......................................4)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.1423 Tc 0.06551 Tw ( 4. Differentiated Services Flow..................................5)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw ( 5. Issues related with IPv6 Flow Label...........................6)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.006 Tw ( 5.1 What should a)Tj 133.5 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.25 Tw ( router do with Flow Labels for which )Tj 221.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD 0.1319 Tc 0.1176 Tw ( it has no state?..........................................6 )Tj 377.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -12 TD 0.1548 Tc -0.047 Tw ( 5.2 Flushing old Flow Labels..................................7)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 5.3 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (Which datagrams should carry non)Tj 186 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (zero Flow Labels?)Tj 99 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0 Tw (........8)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 5.4 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (M)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (utable/Non)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.0625 Tw (mutable IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 133.5 0 TD 0 Tw (.......................9)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 5.5 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.1584 Tc -0.1068 Tw (Using random numbers in setting the IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 296.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (.......9)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.20779 Tw ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.10201 Tc 0.0433 Tw (5.6 Filtering using Flow Label)Tj 174 0 TD 0.151 Tc 0 Tw (................................9)Tj 192 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( 6. )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.0974 Tw (Various approaches in defining IPv6 Flow Label form)Tj 296.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (at)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (........10)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 6.1 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.0444 Tc 0.2885 Tw (First approach)Tj 81 0 TD 0.14951 Tc 0 Tw (...........................................10)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.125 Tw ( 6.2)Tj 52.5 -0.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0 Tc 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 6 0.75 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (Second approach)Tj 87 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (..........................................11)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0804 Tw ( 6.3 Third)Tj 87 0 TD 0.05161 Tc 0.2813 Tw ( approach)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.14951 Tc 0 Tw (...........................................11)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -12 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 6.4 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (Fourth approach)Tj 87 0 TD 0.0114 Tc 0 Tw (.......)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.15041 Tc (...................................12)Tj 215.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.05161 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( 6.5 Fifth approach)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0.14951 Tc 0 Tw (...........................................13)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.25 Tw ( 7.)Tj 29.25 0 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0 Tc 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 3 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.18581 Tc -0.26961 Tw (A modified specification for the IPv6 Flow Label and related)Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -381 -10.5 TD 0.13721 Tc 0.0885 Tw ( implementation mechanism)Tj 174.75 0 TD 0.1405 Tc 0 Tw (.....................................14)Tj 226.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0804 Tw ( 7.1 O)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0.15179 Tc 0 Tw (verview.................................................14)Tj 337.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 7.2 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw (Definition of first three bits of the Flow Label)Tj 279 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 0 Tw (.........14)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw ( 7.3 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw (Defining the remaining 17 bits of the IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 307.5 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (....15)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.01601 Tw ( 7.3.1 Random Number)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0.15179 Tc 0 Tw (.............................)Tj 168.75 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (..........15)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.10201 Tc 0.0262 Tw ( 7.3.2 Using Hop)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (Hop extension header)Tj 116.25 0 TD 0.15421 Tc 0 Tw (...................15)Tj 122.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0808 Tw ( 7.3.3 Using Multi Field Classifier)Tj 249.75 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 0 Tw (........................16)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0114 Tw ( )Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -441.75 -12 TD 0.1301 Tc 0.0621 Tw ( 7.3.4 Using the Port Number and the Protocol)Tj 308.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (..............17)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.16611 Tw ( )Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.08929 Tw (7.3.5 A new struc)Tj 99 0 TD 0.1228 Tc -0.09 Tw (ture and mechanism for the use)Tj 174 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -255.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.0735 Tw ( of the Flow Label...................................17)Tj 331.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.14819 Tc -0.0029 Tw ( 8. Conclusion...................................................22)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.151 Tc -0.06821 Tw ( Acknowledgements................................................23)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.17661 Tc -0.0938 Tw ( References..............)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0.15421 Tc 0 Tw (........................................23)Tj 244.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.151 Tc -0.06821 Tw ( Disclaimer......................................................24)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD 0.14819 Tc -0.0029 Tw ( Author Information..............................................24)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw ( Full Copyright Statement........................................24)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 2])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 3 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1393 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -331.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tw ( )Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (1.)Tj 12 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.625 Tw ( Introduction)Tj 75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -87 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1489 Tc 2.6385 Tw (At the time when the IPv6 specifications were written, the IPv6 )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 2.33591 Tw (Flow Label was still experimental, and subject to change, as the )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1165 Tc 0.1226 Tw (requirements for flow support in the Internet were evolving.)Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -348.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1682 Tc 4.5813 Tw (The last several years of work in IETF on Internet)Tj 333 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 3.9167 Tw ( Protocols)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -333 -11.25 TD 0.1205 Tc 4.04559 Tw (Quality of Service \(IntServ, and DiffServ\) has provided a more)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1319 Tc 2.7009 Tw (solid and ample architectural perspective, and framework for the )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.13091 Tc 5.9207 Tw (standardization of the IPv6 Flow Label. IntServ and DiffServ)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14909 Tc 1.46941 Tw (present two alternative solutions of resolving QoS probl)Tj 336 0 TD 0.05161 Tc 0.7813 Tw (ems in the )Tj -336 -11.25 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (Internet. )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -58.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1064 Tc 2.16389 Tw (This paper talks about the design of Quality of Service \(QoS\) in )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1877 Tc 0.5737 Tw (IPv6. Though IPv6 main header has a 20)Tj 225.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.13721 Tc 0.19569 Tw (bit Flow Label field for QoS )Tj -231.75 -11.25 TD 0.1416 Tc 6.56619 Tw (implementation purposes, it has not yet been exploited. Few)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.25 Tw (Internet drafts give various definitions)Tj 241.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 1.25 Tw ( of the 20)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.9375 Tw (bit Flow Label )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD 0.1749 Tc 0.3624 Tw (in IPv6, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1548 Tc 0.5946 Tw (provides an analysis of these definitions and subsequently suggests )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1338 Tc 5.299 Tw (a specification, which in view of the author can provide an)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.2 Tw (efficient Quality of Service using)Tj 198 0 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.0625 Tw ( a hybrid approach.)Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -308.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.13721 Tc -0.10429 Tw (2. IPv6 Flows and Flow Label)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -162.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1384 Tc 0.9444 Tw (A flow is a sequence of packets sent from a particular source, and )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1416 Tc 5.19119 Tw (a particular application running on the source host, using a)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.96429 Tw (particular host)Tj 88.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.3125 Tw (host protocol for the transmission of data over )Tj -111.75 -12 TD 2.4375 Tw (the Inter)Tj 54.75 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 2.08929 Tw (net, to a particular \(unicast or multicast\) destination, )Tj -54.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 4.5208 Tw (and particular application running on the destination host, or)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw (hosts, within a certain set of traffic, and QoS requirements.)Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -354.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15781 Tc 0.7375 Tw (The IPv6 Flow Label is defined as a 20)Tj 226.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1046 Tc 0.2283 Tw (bit field in the IPv6 header )Tj -232.5 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (which)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.1535 Tc 2.19859 Tw ( may be used by a source to label sequences of packets for )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.1347 Tc 2.72079 Tw (which it requests special handling by the IPv6 routers, such as )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (non)Tj 17.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.825 Tw (default quality of service or \223real)Tj 207 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.5625 Tw (time\224 service. According to )Tj -236.25 -10.5 TD 0.17999 Tc 0.97099 Tw (RFC 2460, the nature of that special handling might be conveyed t)Tj 389.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (o )Tj -389.25 -11.25 TD 0.1283 Tc 1.0795 Tw (the routers by a control protocol, such as RSVP, or by information )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.0938 Tw (within the flow\222s packets themselves, e.g., in a hop)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1078 Tc -0.14999 Tw (hop option. )Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -418.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1064 Tc 2.8855 Tw (The characteristics of IPv6 flows and flow labels given in [RFC )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1776 Tc -0.2198 Tw (2460], are rearranged as follows:)Tj 192 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -192 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(a\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.10001 Tw (A flow is uniquely)Tj 105 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1205 Tw ( identified by the combination of a source )Tj 249.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -354.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (address and a non)Tj 99 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.21429 Tw (zero Flow Label.)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -198 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(b\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1528 Tc 0.0069 Tw (Packets that do not belong to a flow carry a Flow Label of zero)Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -389.25 -12 TD ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 3])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 4 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1328 Tc -0.05 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specific)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0804 Tw (ation for use of the February 2002)Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1393 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -331.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(c\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1338 Tc 0.07401 Tw (A Flow Label is assigned to a flow by the flow\222s source node.)Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -378 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(d\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.7625 Tw (New Flow Labels must be chosen \(suede\) randomly and uniformly )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (f)Tj 6 0 TD 0.11121 Tc 4.38071 Tw (rom the range 1 to FFFFF hex. The purpose of the random)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.4375 Tw (allocation is to make any set of bits within the Flow Label )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.12691 Tc 0.552 Tw (field suitable for use as a hash key by routers, for looking up )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.2 Tw (the state associated with the flow.)Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -226.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(e\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1687 Tc 1.77119 Tw (All packets belonging to the same flow )Tj 242.25 0 TD 0.1563 Tc 1.5265 Tw (must be sent with the )Tj -242.25 -12 TD 0.1378 Tc 0.08791 Tw (same source address, destination address, and Flow Label.)Tj 331.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -378 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(f\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.7981 Tw (If packets of flow include a Hop)Tj 202.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.19 Tc 1.4554 Tw (Hop options header, then )Tj -225.75 -10.5 TD 0.15041 Tc 2.6199 Tw (they all must be originated with the same Hop)Tj 282.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 1.35001 Tw (Hop options )Tj -306 -11.25 TD 0.1328 Tc -0.55 Tw (header contents.)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -139.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(g\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1989 Tc 1.9554 Tw (If packets of a flow include a rout)Tj 219 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 1.71429 Tw (ing header, then they all )Tj -219 -10.5 TD 0.1644 Tc 3.75169 Tw (must be originated with the same contents in all extension)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0804 Tw (headers up to and including the routing header.)Tj 273 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(h\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1259 Tc 2.7569 Tw (The maximum\222s lifetime of any flow)Tj 210.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.4375 Tw (handling state established )Tj -216.75 -11.25 TD 0.1721 Tc 6.83569 Tw (along a flow\222s path must be specified as part of the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.22569 Tc 0 Tw (descrip)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 5.46429 Tw (tion of the state)Tj 114 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1393 Tc 4.6935 Tw (establishment mechanism, e.g., the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -160.5 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 6.0583 Tw (resource reservation protocol or the flow)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 6.1875 Tw (setup hop)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (hop )Tj -354.75 -10.5 TD 0.22569 Tc 0 Tw (option.)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -87 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\(i\))Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.11411 Tc 1.94949 Tw (The source must not reuse a Flow Label for a new flow within )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 0.9722 Tw (the maximum lifetime of any flow)Tj 189.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.13091 Tc 0.50191 Tw (handling state that might have )Tj -195.75 -10.5 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (been estab)Tj 58.5 0 TD -0.11459 Tw (lished for the prior use of that Flow Label.)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -360.75 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.375 Tw (3. Integrated Services Flow)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -156.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1338 Tc 8.07401 Tw (The Integrated Services architecture defines a flow as an)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1676 Tc 0.4986 Tw (abstraction, which is a distinguishable stream of related datagrams )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13721 Tc 0.1123 Tw (that results from a single user activity and requires t)Tj 319.5 0 TD 0.2578 Tc -0.3 Tw (he same QoS.)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -389.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1347 Tc 2.4481 Tw (The IntServ architecture supports services on per flow basis.)Tj 373.5 0 TD /N21 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj 4.5 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (The )Tj -378 -10.5 TD 0.1384 Tc 4.41319 Tw (IntServ model uses Resource Reservation Protocol \(RSVP\) as the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1091 Tc 1.42371 Tw (standard signaling protocol to provide QoS to application flows in )Tj T* 0.1405 Tc 0.08521 Tw (the network. It offers three classes of servic)Tj 267.75 0 TD -0.41721 Tc 0 Tw (e:)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -279 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (1.)Tj 12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1489 Tc -0.09731 Tw (Best Effort Service \(FCFS, meant for ordinary data: default\).)Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -395.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1489 Tc -0.00349 Tw ( 2. Guaranteed Service \(meant for Hard Real time requirements\))Tj 378 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -12 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 2.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj 15 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.13721 Tc -0.17931 Tw (Known upper bound on delay.)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -174 -12 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 2.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj 15 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.14909 Tc 2.1524 Tw (Reliable \(lossless\) delivery for IP packets that conform )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (to specification.)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -116.25 -11.25 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 2.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj 15 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.13541 Tc 0.1974 Tw (Guaranteed Bandwidth)Tj 116.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( support.)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -186 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -58.5 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 4])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 5 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1393 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -305.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (3. Co)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.16299 Tc -0.1114 Tw (ntrolled Load service \(meant for Soft Real time requirements\))Tj 354 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -408.75 -12 TD 0.7529 0.7529 0.7529 rg ( )Tj -0.75 0.75 TD 0 0 0 rg ( )Tj 6.75 -0.75 TD 0.7529 0.7529 0.7529 rg ( )Tj -0.75 0.75 TD 0 0 0 rg ( )Tj 20.25 -10.5 TD 0.16299 Tc 3.4198 Tw (As specified in [RFC 1633], the IntServ architecture defines a)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0601 Tc 0 Tw (classifier:)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -66.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 12 -11.25 TD 0.14909 Tc 6.4649 Tw (For the purpose of traffic control \(and accounting\), each)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 2.381 Tw (incoming packet must be mapped into some class; all packet)Tj 357.75 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 1.375 Tw (s in )Tj -357.75 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1402 Tw (the same class get the same treatment from the packet scheduler. )Tj 377.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -377.25 -10.5 TD 0.13091 Tc 2.1792 Tw (This mapping is performed by the classifier. Choice of a class )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1205 Tc 0.1441 Tw (may be based upon the contents of the existing packet header\(s\) )Tj 372 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -372 -10.5 TD 0.1378 Tc 6.7307 Tw (and/or some additional classification number added to eac)Tj 377.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (h )Tj -377.25 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc (packet.)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -40.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1347 Tc 1.0106 Tw (A class might correspond to a broad category of flows, e.g., all )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.5625 Tw (video flows or all flows attributed to a particular organization. )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1535 Tc -0.13319 Tw (On the other hand, a class might hold only a single flow. )Tj 336.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -372 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1989 Tc -0.3661 Tw (4. Differentiated Services Flow)Tj 180 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -180 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -11.25 TD 0.2495 Tc 2.3333 Tw (The Differentiated S)Tj 120.75 0 TD 0.1749 Tc 2.0329 Tw (ervices architecture defines a flow or micro)Tj 268.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj -389.25 -10.5 TD 0.16611 Tc 1.3452 Tw (flow as a single instance of an application)Tj 260.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.7206 Tw (application flow of )Tj -283.5 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 2.10001 Tw (packets, which is identified by the source address, source port, )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 2.79761 Tw (destination address, destination port and protocol id \(fields in )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.2646 Tc -0.43179 Tw (the IP and hos)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (t)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (to)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.15421 Tc 0.1786 Tw (host protocol headers\).)Tj 134.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -244.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1259 Tc 5.26939 Tw (Unlike IntServ, which offers \221Per)Tj 212.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (Flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 4.64999 Tw (based\222 QoS support, the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -246.75 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 5.5 Tw (DiffServ offers \221Aggregate)Tj 161.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (Flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0928 Tc 5.19 Tw (based\222 QoS support. It has the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -196.5 -12 TD 0.14191 Tc 0.0972 Tw (potential to complement the IntServ \(rather than replacing it\).)Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -366 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.22569 Tc 2.9821 Tw (As specified in [RFC 2475], the Di)Tj 218.25 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.0481 Tw (ffServ architecture defines a )Tj -218.25 -10.5 TD 0.1964 Tc 0 Tw (classifier:)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -63.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 12 -10.5 TD 0.1347 Tc 1.0106 Tw (as a mechanism that selects packets in a traffic stream based on )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.16299 Tc 0.4425 Tw (the content of some portions of the packet header. The MF \(Multi)Tj 377.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj -377.25 -11.25 TD 0.17661 Tc 5.57291 Tw (Field\) classifier selects packets based on the value of a)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.0471 Tc 1.03571 Tw (combination of one or mor)Tj 147.75 0 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.6492 Tw (e header fields, such as source address, )Tj -147.75 -11.25 TD 0.1416 Tc 5.06619 Tw (destination address, DS field, protocol ID, source port and)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14101 Tc 0.06689 Tw (destination port numbers, and other information. )Tj 284.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.78751 Tw (In order to support the Flow Label, a Differentiated services IPv6 )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.2552 Tc 1.95261 Tw (classifier definition should be a)Tj 200.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 1.4167 Tw (dded. This classifier would be a )Tj -200.25 -10.5 TD 0.14191 Tc 1.6227 Tw (multi field classifier that would include at least the Flow Label )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1678 Tc -0.1163 Tw (and the source address as the IPv6 specification suggests.)Tj 337.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -337.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14909 Tc 16.2337 Tw (According to Differentiated Services architecture, the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 2.8224 Tw (classification fields have values accordin)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 2.075 Tw (g to the Service Level )Tj -255.75 -12 TD 0.1347 Tc -0.0162 Tw (Agreements \(SLA\) and Traffic Conditioning Agreements \(TCA\), )Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -348.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -23.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 5])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -389.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 6 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 111 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for )Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.2083 Tw (providing efficient )Tj 116.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1393 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -308.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1384 Tc 6.9444 Tw (\(Service Level Specifications)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 195 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1528 Tc 6.55499 Tw ( SLS and Traffic Conditioning)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -200.25 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.1731 Tw (Specification )Tj 87 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 5.8125 Tw ( TCS\) which are contractual agreements between)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -93 -10.5 TD 0.1416 Tc 6.56619 Tw (clients and network service providers. The Flow Label based)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.04221 Tc 0 Tw (Diff)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.12691 Tc 1.7059 Tw (Serv MF classifier would allow the same model, and would rely )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1886 Tc 0.1911 Tw (on the Flow Label that is a field with a value or a range of values )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14191 Tc 1.0034 Tw (on which or service providers would have to agree on. These values )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1405 Tc 0.0986 Tw (will be reflected in SLAs, TCAs, SLSs and TCSs.)Tj 273 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -296.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 23.25 -10.5 TD 0.16611 Tc 4.6667 Tw (The potent)Tj 62.25 0 TD 0.1794 Tc 3.62219 Tw (ial advantage of the DiffServ model is a substantial)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -62.25 -12 TD 0.14861 Tc 0.5251 Tw (reduction in router state and a simplification in router design and )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.11459 Tc 3.8744 Tw (implementation. The potential drawback to the DiffServ model is)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.5833 Tw (that all flows in the same service aggregate may receive the same )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (level)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.1413 Tc 3.4915 Tw ( of service. This may force flows with very different QoS)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.1333 Tw (requirements into the same service class.)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -238.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1687 Tc -0.08591 Tw (5. Issues related with IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 221.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -198 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.13541 Tc 1.24741 Tw (The IPv6 specification originally left open a number of questions, )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1922 Tc -0.3094 Tw (of which the following are important.)Tj 215.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -192 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -46.5 -10.5 TD 0.0114 Tc 0.3214 Tw (5.1 What)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.1228 Tc 0.1523 Tw ( should a router do with Flow Labels for which it has no state?)Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -369 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -10.5 TD 0.1122 Tc 2.8456 Tw (What should the default action of the router be on receiving a )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1922 Tc 3.39059 Tw (datagram with a non)Tj 121.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.17371 Tc 3.25279 Tw (zero Flow Label for which it has no state)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -126.75 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (information?)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -72.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 3 -10.5 TD 0.14101 Tc 1.85851 Tw (Unknown Flow Labels may also occur if a router crash)Tj 319.5 0 TD 0.2578 Tc 0.575 Tw (es and loses )Tj -319.5 -12 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (its state.)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -60.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 3 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.2708 Tw (The IPv6 specification gives the following possible solutions to )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (the above)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1563 Tc 0.1765 Tw (mentioned problem.)Tj 105 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -165.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 3 -10.5 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.0378 Tw (1. The routers can ignore the Flow Label.)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -241.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 3 -11.25 TD 0.1223 Tc 0.0605 Tw (2. IPv6 datagram may carry flow setup information in their options.)Tj 389.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -415.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.13541 Tc 1.54739 Tw (In any case, it is clear)Tj 147 0 TD 0.1563 Tc 0.8327 Tw ( that treating this situation as an error )Tj -147 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.8322 Tw (and, say dropping the datagram and sending an ICMP message, is )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.8011 Tw (inappropriate. Indeed, it seems likely that in most cases, simply )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1205 Tc 1.8373 Tw (forwarding the datagram as one would a datagram with a zero Flow )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1922 Tc 3.89059 Tw (Label would give be)Tj 123 0 TD 0.16141 Tc 3.4929 Tw (tter service to the flow than dropping the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -123 -10.5 TD 0.16611 Tc 0 Tw (datagram.)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -55.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 3 -10.5 TD 0.14191 Tc 0.2486 Tw (There may be situation in which routing the datagram as if its Flow )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1319 Tc 0.88271 Tw (Label were zero might cause the wrong result, but these situations )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1205 Tc 1.2507 Tw (can be treated as the exceptions rather than the rule. It is also )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 6 0 TD 0.15871 Tc 1.5074 Tw (easonable to handle these situations using options that indicate )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.02451 Tw (that if the flow state is absent, the datagram needs special )Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -354.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 6])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 7 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.14951 Tc 0.03329 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of th)Tj 319.5 0 TD 0.21741 Tc -0.1346 Tw (e February 2002)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.09171 Tc 1.6161 Tw (handling. \(The options may be Hop)Tj 206.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.09419 Tc 1.2386 Tw (Hop or only handled at some )Tj -229.5 -11.25 TD 0.16141 Tc -0.1286 Tw (routers, depending on the flow's needs\).)Tj 232.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1877 Tc 2.69521 Tw (Finally, [RFC 1809] and the author's)Tj 223.5 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 2.0795 Tw ( view says that the default )Tj -223.5 -10.5 TD 0.101 Tc 0.4626 Tw (rule should be that if a router receives a datagram with an unknown )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.10201 Tc 1.6772 Tw (Flow Label, it treats the datagram as if the Flow Label is zero. )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1328 Tc 4.28329 Tw (As part of forwarding, the router will examine any hop)Tj 351.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (hop )Tj -375 -11.25 TD 0.19389 Tc 1.1889 Tw (options and learn if the datagra)Tj 193.5 0 TD 0.09171 Tc 1.4911 Tw (m requires special handling. The )Tj -193.5 -10.5 TD 0.15871 Tc 1.3741 Tw (options could include simply the information that the datagram is )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.18581 Tc 1.8201 Tw (to be dropped if the Flow Label is unknown or could contain the )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1259 Tc -0.04311 Tw (flow state the router should have. )Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -206.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (5.2 Flushing old Flow Labels)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -139.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (How does an Internetwork )Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.2144 Tc -0.38161 Tw (flush old Flow Labels?)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -296.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.96429 Tw (The flow mechanism assumes that state associated with a given Flow )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1523 Tc 1.1806 Tw (Label is somehow deposited in routers, so they know how to handle )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1913 Tc 0.89149 Tw (datagrams that carry the Flow Label. A serious problem is how to )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.19389 Tc 0.2639 Tw (flush Flow Labels that are no lon)Tj 195 0 TD 0.1001 Tc 0.2328 Tw (ger being used \(stale Flow Labels\) )Tj -195 -11.25 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.2 Tw (from the routers.)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -81.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.5721 Tw (Stale Flow Labels can happen a number of ways, even if we assume )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.3333 Tw (that the source always sends a message deleting a Flow Label when )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0625 Tw (the source finishes using a Flow. )Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -180 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -43.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (1. The deletion message may be los)Tj 197.25 0 TD 0.13091 Tc 0.2019 Tw (t before reaching all routers. )Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -409.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1106 Tc 0.8568 Tw (2. Furthermore, the source may crash before it can send out a Flow )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0089 Tw (Label deletion message. )Tj 145.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -171.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1489 Tc 1.10699 Tw (The mechanism suggested by [RFC 1809] is to use a timer. Routers )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13091 Tc 4.28529 Tw (should discard Flow Labels whose state has not been refreshed)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.3199 Tw (within some period of time. At the same time, a source that crashes )Tj T* 0.11459 Tc 0.9057 Tw (must observe a quiet time, during which it creates no flows, until )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1416 Tc 2.69119 Tw (it knows that all Flow Labels from its previous life must have )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1228 Tc 4.0537 Tw (expired. \(Sources can avoid quiet time restrictions by kee)Tj 369 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (ping )Tj -369 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc 6.0827 Tw (information about active Flow Labels in stable storage that)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.46249 Tw (survives crashes\). According to [RFC 1809], there are two options )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1707 Tc -0.1593 Tw (for refreshing the Flow Label and its state:)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -238.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -10.5 TD 0.14861 Tc 0.2467 Tw (1. The source could periodically send out a special refresh message )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (to explici)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0.17841 Tc -0.0956 Tw (tly refresh the Flow Label and its state. )Tj 250.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -334.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.13091 Tc 3.2769 Tw (2. The router could treat every datagram that carries the Flow)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.33369 Tw (Label as an implicit refresh or sources could send explicit refresh )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (options. )Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -40.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -43.5 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.01331 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page)Tj 395.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw ( 7])Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 8 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1165 Tc 5.65379 Tw (The choice is between periodically handling a special update)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj T* 0.2495 Tc 2.8958 Tw (message and doing an e)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.4375 Tw (xtra computation on each datagram \(namely )Tj -139.5 -10.5 TD 0.1528 Tc 3.38451 Tw (noting in the Flow Label's entry that the Flow Label has been)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0601 Tc 0 Tw (refreshed\).)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -90 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1555 Tc 1.97729 Tw (Based on the discussion mentioned above according to [RFC 1809], )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1489 Tc 2.3658 Tw (the authors of the document suggest the following approach as a )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (solution t)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.1731 Tw (o this problem:)Tj 87.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -145.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (1.)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 10.5 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 4.3542 Tw (The MRU \(Most Recently Used\) algorithm should be used for)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14909 Tc 2.50191 Tw (maintaining the Flow Labels. At any point of time, the most )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1489 Tc 0.3885 Tw (recently used labels only will be kept and the remaining should )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw (be flushed. )Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -117.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (2.)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 10.5 0 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.6369 Tw (Before flushing a label, the router should )Tj 254.25 0 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.2206 Tw (send an ICMP message )Tj -254.25 -11.25 TD 0.1528 Tc 1.30499 Tw (to the source saying that the particular label is going to be )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1122 Tc 1.6524 Tw (flushed. So the source should send a KEEPALIVE Message to the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1254 Tc 2.8949 Tw (router saying that not to flush the Flow Label in case the )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1364 Tc 1.39639 Tw (source requires the Flow Label to be used again. On )Tj 316.5 0 TD 0.23911 Tc 0.4688 Tw (the other )Tj -316.5 -10.5 TD 0.1078 Tc 1.53751 Tw (hand, if the source agrees with the router to delete the Flow )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.10941 Tc 4.1234 Tw (Label, it should send a GOAHEAD Message to the router. On)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1523 Tc 1.96181 Tw (receiving the GOAHEAD Message, the router immediately deleted )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.6125 Tw (the label for that particular source. These messages are also )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (se)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.1338 Tc 2.299 Tw (nt to all the intermediate routers, so that, those routers )Tj -11.25 -11.25 TD 0.18581 Tc -0.19389 Tw (can as well flush the Flow Labels for that particular source. )Tj 360 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -408 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (3.)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 10.5 0 TD 0.1573 Tc 3.85049 Tw (In case, the router does not receive any consent from the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.09351 Tc 3.3075 Tw (source, it will resend the ICMP message for at most two or)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1597 Tc 1.4231 Tw (three times. If )Tj 99.75 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.6875 Tw (at all the router does not receive any reply )Tj -99.75 -10.5 TD 0.1563 Tc 2.1265 Tw (from the source, it can flush that particular Label assuming )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.8015 Tw (that the Flow Label was not important enough for the source or )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1347 Tc 3.1981 Tw (any other intermediate router. The intermediate routers will)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.09419 Tc 1.5511 Tw (also delete that Flow Labe)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.8679 Tw (l as they didn\222t receive any message )Tj -156.75 -10.5 TD 0.0975 Tc 1.11031 Tw (from the source. The policy of sending the ICMP message to the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1078 Tc 2.2023 Tw (source two or three times ensures the proper behavior of the )Tj T* 0.14909 Tc 2.50191 Tw (method of flushing Flow Labels in case of packet loss. This )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1328 Tc 1.25 Tw (method assumes that the ICMP messag)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.75 Tw (e would not be lost all the )Tj -209.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.9375 Tw (three times as the probability of happening that is very less. )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1886 Tc 0.6897 Tw (Hence, if the router doesn\222t receive any reply from the source )Tj T* 0.1205 Tc 0.55321 Tw (even after sending the ICMP message three times, it deletes the )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (label.)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -39 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -43.5 -11.25 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.00751 Tw (5.3 Which datagrams should ca)Tj 168.75 0 TD -0.04221 Tc 0.375 Tw (rry non)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (zero Flow Labels?)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -314.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.17979 Tc 5.90311 Tw (According to RFC 1809, following were some points of basic)Tj 0 Tc 0.20779 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (agreement:)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -57.75 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0412 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 8])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 9 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.14999 Tw ( I)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.151 Tc -0.06821 Tw (Pv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 226.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj ET q 114 660 463.5 12 re h W n BT 114 663 TD 0.09219 Tc 0.5244 Tw (1. Small exchanges of data should have a zero Flow Label since it \ )Tj ET Q BT 114 651.75 TD 0.1266 Tc 0.12289 Tw (is not worth creating a flow for a few datagrams.)Tj 285 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.04221 Tc 0.375 Tw (2. Real)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.2 Tw (time flows must al)Tj 104.25 0 TD 0.1749 Tc -0.0296 Tw (ways have a Flow Label.)Tj 134.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1165 Tc 1.71629 Tw (One option specified in [RFC 1809] is to use Flow Labels for all )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (long)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1528 Tc 1.2709 Tw (term TCP connections. The option is not feasible in the view )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.1032 Tc 4.1841 Tw (of the authors as it will force all the applications on that)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.2646 Tc 1.81821 Tw (particular connection to use the Flow L)Tj 240 0 TD 0.15421 Tc 1.3786 Tw (abels, which in turn will )Tj -240 -12 TD 0.17979 Tc -0.22189 Tw (force routing vendors to deal with cache explosion issue.)Tj 331.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -357.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1721 Tc 0.16071 Tw (5.4 Mutable/Non)Tj 87 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (mutable IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 133.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -226.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1687 Tc 0.6998 Tw (Should the Flow Label be mutable or non)Tj 232.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1624 Tc 0.4705 Tw (mutable, that is it should )Tj -238.5 -10.5 TD 0.10201 Tc 0.2308 Tw (be read only for routers or not?)Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -186 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.11411 Tc 2.0188 Tw (This paper suggests the Flow )Tj 179.25 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.1731 Tw (Labels to be non)Tj 99.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0984 Tc 1.23441 Tw (mutable because of )Tj -285 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (the following reasons:)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1384 Tc 4.03819 Tw (1. Using mutable Flow Labels would require certain negotiation)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1618 Tc 1.50439 Tw (mechanism between neighboring routers, or a certain setup through )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.2724 Tw (router management or configuration, to make sure that the values or)Tj 392.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -392.25 -11.25 TD 0.1205 Tc 0.748 Tw (the changes made to the Flow Label are known to all the routers on )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1416 Tc 2.03729 Tw (the portion of the path of the packets, in which the Flow Label )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1259 Tc 1.83189 Tw (changes. On the other hand, the non)Tj 213.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1886 Tc 0.8942 Tw (mutable Flow Labels certainly )Tj -219 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 8.48331 Tw (have the advantage of the simplicity implied by such a)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (cha)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc (racteristic.)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -87 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.12691 Tc 4.9559 Tw (2. A mutable Flow Label characteristic goes against the IPv6)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.25 Tw (specification of the Flow Label explained in section 2 and the IPv6 )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1205 Tc 0.2123 Tw (Flow Label characteristics explained in the coming sections.)Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -375 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (5.5 Using random numbers in setting the IPv6 Flow L)Tj 296.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (abel)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc 7.0336 Tw (The IPv6 specification specifies the requirement of pseudo)Tj 386.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -392.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.0446 Tw (randomness in setting the value of a Flow Label as it can be used )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.0984 Tc 0.23441 Tw (as hash key by routers for flow lookup. )Tj 232.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -232.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1091 Tc 1.8904 Tw (However, a random value in the header introduces unpredictability )Tj T* 0.1597 Tc -0.0769 Tw (of the field. Si)Tj 93 0 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0089 Tw (nce predictability is a necessary condition for a )Tj 290.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -383.25 -10.5 TD 0.12939 Tc 1.2346 Tw (deterministic behavior, network operators may require that packets )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1347 Tc 1.17889 Tw (of a flow have always the same IPv6 content. Random values in the )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.256 Tw (IPv6 Flow Label certainly break this requirement. So supporting the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (argu)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 10.9167 Tw (ments given in [draft)Tj 154.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 10.7045 Tw (02.txt], the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -312 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.33369 Tw (authors of this document suggest the IPv6 specification of having a )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1584 Tc -0.07561 Tw (random number in the Flow Label field to be relaxed.)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -302.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -12 TD 0.13091 Tc 0.2019 Tw (5.6 Filtering using Flow Label)Tj 174.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -174.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0144 Tw (Rahul Banerjee )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0.22569 Tc -0.09019 Tw ( [Page 9])Tj 150.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 10 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1413 Tc 1.6338 Tw (If, at all, any filtering has to be done based on the Flow L)Tj 369 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (abel )Tj -369 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.1106 Tw (field in the IPv6 header, the expectation is that the IPv6 Flow )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.27499 Tw (Label filed carries a predictable or well)Tj 241.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.2045 Tw (determined value. This is )Tj -246.75 -11.25 TD 0.11411 Tc 0.2188 Tw (not the case if the Flow Label has randomly chosen values.)Tj 336.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -363 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1499 Tc 3.43291 Tw (Again, supporting the arguments given in [draft)Tj 293.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD (-)Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1535 Tc 5.42931 Tw (02.txt], the authors of this document suggest that the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -34.5 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.0446 Tw (problem of not being able to configure load)Tj 257.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.4375 Tw (filtering rules, which )Tj -263.25 -10.5 TD 0.1378 Tc 3.4677 Tw (are based or are including the Flow Label, can be resolved by)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1122 Tc 1.42059 Tw (relaxing IPv6 specification of having a random number in the )Tj 369 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (Flow )Tj -369 -10.5 TD 0.1964 Tc -0.6136 Tw (Label field.)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -96 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.0938 Tw (6. Various approaches in defining IPv6 Flow Label format)Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -325.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1167 Tc 0.54939 Tw (This section discusses the various already suggested approaches for )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.7981 Tw (defining the 20)Tj 93 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.5313 Tw (bit Flow Label. It discusses the advantages and )Tj -99 -11.25 TD 0.5625 Tw (disadvantages of these approaches. Finally it )Tj 270 0 TD 0.1749 Tc -0.0921 Tw (tells about accepting )Tj -270 -12 TD 0.11301 Tc 1.2198 Tw (or rejecting these approaches and includes the accepted approaches )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14861 Tc 1.60091 Tw (\(with modifications wherever required\) in the final definition of )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.11571 Tc 0.2171 Tw (the Flow Label discussed in the next section.)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -288 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (6.1 First approach )Tj 110.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw ([draft)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.20779 Tc (02.txt)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (])Tj 5.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0891 Tc 0.1813 Tw ( Following format can be used for the Flow Label:)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -302.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD ( )Tj -44.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -306 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (| 0 |)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 15 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0.125 Tw (Pseudo )Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.2045 Tw ( Random value )Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.25 Tw ( |)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -306.75 -12 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -306 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -306 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (| 1 |)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 15 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (DiffServ I)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0269 Tw (Pv6 Flow Label |)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -309.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -306 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1692 Tc 0.6011 Tw (The DiffServ IPv6 Flow Label is a number that is constructed based )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 3.96429 Tw (on the Differentiated services \223Per Hop Behavior Identification)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (Code\224.)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -60.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 6 0 TD ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -306 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (| 1 |)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 15 0 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.10629 Tw (Per Hop Behavior Ident. Code| Res. |)Tj 221.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -309.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+ )Tj 12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -312 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw ( The \223Res\224 bits are reserved.)Tj 192 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -192 -11.25 TD -0.04221 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET q 114 177.75 463.5 12 re h W n BT 114 180.75 TD 0.1283 Tc 9.4545 Tw (The PHB ID is either directly derived from a standard)Tj 0 Tc 0.1698 Tw ( )Tj ET Q BT 114 169.5 TD 0.1563 Tc 3.5515 Tw (differentiated services code point, or)Tj 235.5 0 TD 0.13541 Tc 3.49741 Tw ( it is an \223IANA Assigned)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -235.5 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (Value\224. )Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -55.5 -12 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -10.5 TD -0.04221 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -23.25 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 10])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 11 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.0984 Tc 0.04691 Tw ( Quality of Service )Tj 139.5 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (using hybrid approach.)Tj 128.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.0601 Tc 0 Tw (Advantages:)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -90 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1647 Tc 0.83479 Tw (Preserves compatibility with the random number method of selecting )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.03571 Tw (a Flow Label value defined in IPv6 specification.)Tj 285 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1384 Tc 5.4444 Tw (Captures the differentiated services treatment intended to be)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.1974 Tw (applied to the packet.)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.02029 Tc 3.3125 Tw (Unlike the val)Tj 87 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.5731 Tw (ue of the traffic class field, it is not locally )Tj -87 -12 TD 0.1499 Tc 2.09959 Tw (mapped and is therefore suitable for use in an end)Tj 309.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (to)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 1 Tw (end header )Tj -333 -10.5 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (field.)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -60.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0144 Tw ( Disadvantage:)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1347 Tc 3.61481 Tw (It captures less information than the port number and protocol)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1133 Tc 0.0945 Tw (number normally used in multi field classifier.)Tj 273 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -299.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (6)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.3125 Tw (.2 Second Approach )Tj 110.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw ([draft)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.03281 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.03281 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0114 Tc (02.txt])Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -325.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.17661 Tc 5.33121 Tw (DiffServ with multi field classifier can be used in a more)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 2.7583 Tw (efficient and practical manner as an alternative to IntServ and )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.22031 Tc 1.8938 Tw (RSVP. The Flow Label classifier is basically a 3)Tj 296.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.9375 Tw (element tuple )Tj 84 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -392.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (source an)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.0724 Tw (d destination addresses and IPv6 Flow Label.)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -334.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.08521 Tw (The classifier can be defined in any of the following two ways:)Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -392.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1552 Tc -0.0367 Tw (C = \(SA, SAPrefix, DA, DAPrefix, Flow Label\).)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -288 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1555 Tc -0.0273 Tw (C` = \(SA, SAPrefix, DA, DAPrefix, Flow Label min: Flow Label max\).)Tj 383.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -409.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1886 Tc 5.5817 Tw (Incoming packet header \(SA, DA)Tj 197.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 4.925 Tw (, Flow Label\) is matched with)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -197.25 -10.5 TD 0.14 Tc 0.0679 Tw (classification rules table entry C or C`.)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -264.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.03751 Tw ( Advantage:)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -81.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1772 Tc 0.4771 Tw (Helps the IPv6 Flow Label to achieve, as it is supposed, in a more )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1319 Tc 1.5509 Tw (efficient processing of packets in QoS engines in IPv6 forwarding )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (devices.)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -72.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0144 Tw ( Disadvantage:)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (When )Tj 33 0 TD 0.1732 Tc 3.5762 Tw (packets are transmitted, the end nodes have to force the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -33 -10.5 TD 0.09669 Tc 1.4861 Tw (correct Flow Label in the IPv6 headers of outgoing packets or the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1523 Tc 1.1806 Tw (first hop routers have to do thus job. To accomplish these rules, )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1384 Tc 2.6694 Tw (these routers will be configures with MF classifiers. This puts )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (ext)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.1714 Tw (ra computations to be done by the routers.)Tj 244.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -288 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (6.3 Third approach )Tj 110.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw ([draft)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (02.txt])Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 11])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 12 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw ( IPv6)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.15781 Tc -0.075 Tw ( Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.15871 Tc 1.3741 Tw (Includes the algorithmic mapping of the port numbers and protocol )Tj T* 0.1913 Tc 0.40939 Tw (into the Flow Label. It reserves 12 bits for the port number and 8 )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.1974 Tw (bits for the protocol.)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -153.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.25 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0.27921 Tc -0.3214 Tw ( 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -276.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.09019 Tw (| Server port number | H)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (to)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw (H protocol|)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.03751 Tw ( Advantage:)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -81.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.14191 Tc 0.2486 Tw (Classification rule is 5 or 6 element tuple format of a DiffServ MF )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.27029 Tc 1.5625 Tw (classifier, c)Tj 77.25 0 TD 0.1046 Tc 1.1658 Tw (ontaining the source and the destination address, the )Tj -77.25 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 1.375 Tw (source and the destination ports, the host)Tj 250.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1563 Tc 0.5515 Tw (host protocol. So no )Tj -273.75 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw (new classification rule format is needed.)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -264.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.02679 Tw ( Disadvantages:)Tj 105 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -105 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1597 Tc 5.3293 Tw (It cannot differentiate among multiple instances of the same)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.0601 Tc 0 Tw (application)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0.1499 Tc -0.00459 Tw ( running on the same two communication end nodes.)Tj 285 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -348.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.17979 Tc 2.74921 Tw (The reduced number of bits \(12 out of 16\) limits the value of )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.5786 Tw (ports. In 12 bits only the "IANA well)Tj 219.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1698 Tc 0.53799 Tw (known ports", that is from 1 )Tj -225.75 -10.5 TD 0.1523 Tc 0.64211 Tw (to 1023 and a subset of "IANA registered ports", that is from 1024 )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (to 4095. )Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.1548 Tw (Registered ports have values between 1024 and 65535.)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -381 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.3235 Tw (6.4 Fourth approach )Tj 116.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw ([draft)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.03281 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.03281 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0114 Tc (02.txt])Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -325.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.9545 Tw (The field occupied by host)Tj 155.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.15781 Tc 0.60361 Tw (host protocol could be reduced to 1, )Tj -178.5 -10.5 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw (as TCP and UDP are the only well known protocols.)Tj 285 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.34621 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 )Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.23911 Tc -0.33479 Tw (2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -276.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.1106 Tc 0.1151 Tw (| TCP Server port number |Res |0|)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD -0.0047 Tc 0.33749 Tw (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)Tj 226.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -270.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1012 Tw (| UDP Server port numb)Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1429 Tw (er |Res |1|)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.0938 Tw ( The "Res" bits are reserved.)Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -159.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 0.4722 Tw (The "TCP Server Port Number" or "UDP Server Port Number" is the 16)Tj 386.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD 0.19389 Tc 1.57069 Tw (bit port number assigned to the server side of the client/server )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (application.)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -96 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1964 Tc -0.0511 Tw ( Advantages:)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -87 -10.5 TD -0.04221 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -23.25 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 12])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 13 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.1393 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -305.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.23911 Tc 0.8438 Tw (Again the )Tj 62.25 0 TD 0.1624 Tc 1.39771 Tw (classification field is a 5 or 6 element tuple. So new )Tj -62.25 -11.25 TD 0.1384 Tc 0.1944 Tw (classification rule is needed.)Tj 174 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -174 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc 1.9649 Tw (This approach keeps 16 bits for the port number so that all the )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 7 Tw ("IANA well)Tj 65.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 7.08211 Tw (known ports" and "IANA registered ports" can be)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -71.25 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0144 Tw (accommodated in these 16 bits.)Tj 174 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -174 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1721 Tc 0 Tw (Disadvantages:)Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -81 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.13879 Tc 1.8815 Tw (This approach, too, cannot differentiate among multiple instances )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 1.43179 Tw (of the same application running on the same two communication end )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (nodes.)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -34.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1378 Tc 3.4677 Tw (Reserving only 1 bit for the protocol field in the Flow Label)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1758 Tc -0.17641 Tw (restricts the use of any protocol other than TCP and)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( UDP.)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -357.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (6.5 Fifth approach )Tj 110.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw ([draft)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (02.txt])Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1749 Tc -0.0921 Tw ( Header length format:)Tj 145.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -145.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1384 Tc 1.899 Tw (Another possible solution is to store the length of IPv6 headers )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.17661 Tc 4.31529 Tw (length that is the length of the IPv6 main headers and IPv6)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1687 Tc 2.03909 Tw (extension headers preceding the host)Tj 218.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (to)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1624 Tc 1.2955 Tw (host or transport header. )Tj -241.5 -10.5 TD 0.1205 Tc 1.8373 Tw (The length of IPv6 headers in the Flow Label value would provide )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.46249 Tw (the information, which a DiffServ QoS engine classifier could use )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1886 Tc 2.66701 Tw (to locate and fetch the source and destination ports and apply )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.2328 Tc 1.85001 Tw (those along with the source and dest)Tj 222.75 0 TD 0.15421 Tc 1.9286 Tw (ination address and host)Tj 146.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD 0.11411 Tc 5.6937 Tw (host protocol from the Flow Label, to match the source and)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1205 Tc 4.8998 Tw (destination address, the source and destination ports and the)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.0343 Tw (protocol identifier elements of a DiffServ MF classifier.)Tj 331.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -357.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.2953 Tc -0.33749 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9)Tj 232.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -276.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.1624 Tc -0.017 Tw (|Length of IPv6 headers| H)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (to)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw (H protocol|)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -282.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.03751 Tw ( Advantage:)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -81.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.33369 Tw (\223Length of IPv6 headers\224 allows skipping the IPv6 headers to acces\ s )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.95 Tw (directly the host)Tj 100.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (by)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.13721 Tc 0.38319 Tw (host header for other purpo)Tj 158.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (ses. This format is )Tj -282 -10.5 TD 0.101 Tc 0.4626 Tw (useful for classifying packets that are not TCP or UDP, and have no )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.13091 Tc 0.2019 Tw (source and destination ports.)Tj 168.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -168.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1721 Tc 0 Tw (Disadvantages:)Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -107.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.13091 Tc 4.28529 Tw (IPv6 header does not include "Total Headers Length" field. So)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1338 Tc 0.274 Tw (introducing this new field in the Flow Label puts extra com)Tj 345.75 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (putation )Tj -345.75 -12 TD 0.1584 Tc -0.07561 Tw (to be done that may result in the processing delays.)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -302.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 13])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 14 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 6 0 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.125 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1989 Tc -0.0536 Tw (Including "Length of IPv6 headers" in the Flow Label does not carry )Tj T* 0.11121 Tc 0.2216 Tw (any significance in case ESP is used for IP Security.)Tj 308.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -308.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1347 Tc 2.4481 Tw (This approach is discarded in this paper because of the reasons )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.2005 Tc 3.6324 Tw (given above. Again, )Tj 3.33279 Tc 0 Tw (i)Tj 134.25 0 TD 0.17371 Tc 3.4805 Tw (t does not carry any direct advantage in)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -134.25 -11.25 TD 0.0882 Tc 0.2446 Tw (keeping the \223Length of IPv6 headers\224 in the Flow Label.)Tj 319.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1347 Tc 0.12309 Tw (7. A modified specification for the IPv6 Flow Label and related)Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -366 -12 TD 0.15179 Tc -0.0235 Tw ( implementation mechanism: A hybrid approach suggested by this work)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -401.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0601 Tc 0.27271 Tw (7.1 Overview)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -69.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.96429 Tw (This sec)Tj 47.25 0 TD 0.1528 Tc 0.17999 Tw (tion specifies a modified Flow Label for IPv6 for providing )Tj -47.25 -10.5 TD 0.1555 Tc 1.2682 Tw (efficient Quality of Service that utilizes the results of some of )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1223 Tc 1.03551 Tw (the works referred above, extends some of the suggested mechanisms )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1161 Tc 0.09171 Tw (and finally presents an integrated hybrid approach.)Tj 296.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -322.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.1667 Tw (7.2 Defini)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.13429 Tc -0.0827 Tw (tion of first three bits of the Flow Label)Tj 243.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -276 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1523 Tc 1.81689 Tw (As a hybrid approach is suggested in this document that includes )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1489 Tc 6.18401 Tw (various approaches already mentioned earlier in the previous)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.22569 Tc 3.4071 Tw (section, the management of the 20)Tj 211.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1964 Tc 3.28641 Tw (bits in the IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -217.5 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 3.6875 Tw (becomes very critical. )Tj 4.08279 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 150 0 TD -0.04221 Tc 4.125 Tw (he 20)Tj 33 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.4231 Tw (bits of the Flow Label should be )Tj -189 -11.25 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.33369 Tw (defined in an appropriate manner so that the various approaches can )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1223 Tc 0.4151 Tw (be included to produce a more efficient hybrid solution. Hence, for )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.13091 Tc 1.11259 Tw (this purpose, the first 3 bits of the IPv6 Flow Label are used to )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.10201 Tc 2.4808 Tw (define the appr)Tj 91.5 0 TD 0.1405 Tc 1.48779 Tw (oach used and the next 17 bits are used to define )Tj -91.5 -12 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (the format used in a particular approach.)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -238.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.2005 Tc 1.7477 Tw (Following is the bit pattern for the first 3 bits of Flow Label )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (that define the type of the approach used:)Tj 243.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -243.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD -0.16721 Tc 0.3125 Tw ( 0 0 0 )Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 21.75 0 TD 0.22569 Tc 0 Tw (Default)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -102.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw ( 0 0 1)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 27.75 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.10001 Tw (A random number is used to defi)Tj 180 0 TD (ne the Flow Label.)Tj 105 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -347.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw ( 0 1 0)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 27.75 0 TD 0.19 Tc -0.1571 Tw (The value given in the Hop)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (by)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (Hop extension header is )Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -376.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 18 0 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (used instead the Flow Label.)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -225 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD -0.16721 Tc 0.3125 Tw ( 0 1 1 )Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 21.75 0 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.0208 Tw (Multi Field Classifier is used.)Tj 180 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -268.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw ( 1 0 0)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 27.75 0 TD 0.1861 Tc -0.3033 Tw (A format that includes the port number and the protocol )Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -414 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 18 0 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.19 Tc -0.1571 Tw (in the Flow Label is used.)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -213.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw ( 1 0 1)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 27.75 0 TD 0.1235 Tc 0.0426 Tw (A new definition explained later in this section is )Tj 302.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -364.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 18 0 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (used.)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -91.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 14])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 15 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -11.25 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -10.5 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw ( 1 1 0)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 27.75 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (Reserved for future use.)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -201.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.16721 Tc 0.3125 Tw ( 1 1 1 )Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 21.75 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (Reserved for future use.)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -228 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1523 Tc 2.5806 Tw (This definition of Flow Label includes IntServ and DiffServ and )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.9231 Tw (includes above)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14951 Tc 0.2771 Tw (mentioned options for defining Flow Label. A further )Tj -87.75 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (explanat)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.1698 Tc 1.7312 Tw (ion of these options is provided in the remaining of the )Tj -46.5 -10.5 TD 0.14191 Tc 2.0659 Tw (document. The default value specifies that the datagram does not )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1151 Tc 0.2177 Tw (need any special Quality of Service.)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -235.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1573 Tc -0.0495 Tw (7.3 Defining the remaining 17 bits of the IPv6 Flow Label)Tj 331.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -331.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.15781 Tc 1.2464 Tw (The remaining 17 bits of the IPv6 Flo)Tj 225 0 TD 0.1046 Tc 0.9783 Tw (w Label are defined based on )Tj -225 -10.5 TD 0.1489 Tc 1.10699 Tw (the approach defined in the first three bits of the Flow Label as )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (mentioned in the previous section.)Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -223.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc 0.1765 Tw (7.3.1 Random Number)Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -110.25 -12 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.11459 Tc 0.9057 Tw (As specified in IPv6 specification, a random number can be used to )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.13091 Tc 0.5769 Tw (define the Flow Label. Here a 17)Tj 189 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (bit )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.1228 Tc 0.08501 Tw (random number can be used. The )Tj -218.25 -10.5 TD 0.1064 Tc 1.3226 Tw (random numbers can be generated in the range from 1 to 1FFFF. The )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1319 Tc 1.5509 Tw (advantages and disadvantages of using a random number are already )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13879 Tc 1.0273 Tw (discussed in the previous section. Keeping the IPv6 specifications )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc 3.9286 Tw (in mind, the authors of th)Tj 171 0 TD 0.1328 Tc 3.64999 Tw (is document believe that the random)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -171 -10.5 TD 0.09219 Tc 1.9906 Tw (number can be used as one of the approaches. As other approaches )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1523 Tc 1.81689 Tw (are defined in the Flow Label, this random number approach might )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13721 Tc 0.0457 Tw (not be used whenever not feasible or efficient to do so.)Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -325.5 -12 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -12 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD -0.6563 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.2227 Tc 0.0042 Tw (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7)Tj 81 0 TD -0.3477 Tc 0.15939 Tw ( 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )Tj 137.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -9.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (|0 0 1|)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (Pseudo )Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.017 Tw ( Random value |)Tj 133.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD /N6 11.625 Tf 0 Tc -0.22501 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.1731 Tw (7.3.2 Using Hop)Tj 87 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.25 Tw (Hop extension header)Tj 116.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -226.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc 0.6765 Tw (As defined in [draft)Tj 118.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (banerj)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (ee)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (quality)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (service)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0601 Tc 1.02271 Tw (00.txt], Hop)Tj 70.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj -386.25 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 2.1106 Tw (Hop extension header can be used for defining the Flow Label in )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1228 Tc 2.57539 Tw (case IntServ is used. In this case the value given in the Flow )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.13721 Tc 2.6707 Tw (Label is not used to provide Quality of Service. The Hop)Tj 351.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (Hop )Tj -375 -10.5 TD 0.1964 Tc 1.6364 Tw (extension has been sugges)Tj 150.75 0 TD 0.2419 Tc 0.9659 Tw (ted and defined in the reference [draft)Tj 235.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj -386.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc (banerjee)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (quality)Tj 41.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (service)Tj 41.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1776 Tc 2.85519 Tw (00.txt]. In that document, the Hop)Tj 212.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj -386.25 -10.5 TD (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 1.26401 Tw (Hop extension header has been defined to be used with IntServ. )Tj -17.25 -11.25 TD 0.1384 Tc 1.2569 Tw (The same can be used to define for DiffServ also. That discussion )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.05161 Tc 0.2813 Tw (is outside the scop)Tj 110.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (e of this document.)Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -246.75 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 6 0 TD ( )Tj 29.25 0 TD -0.6563 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.33521 Tc 0.1488 Tw (0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \ 8 9 )Tj 218.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -9.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (|0 1 0|)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.0643 Tw ( Don\222t care |)Tj 180 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (Rahul Ban)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0106 Tw (erjee [Page 15])Tj 360 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 16 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -337.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (7.3.3 Using Multi Field C)Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0 Tw (lassifier)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -198 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.46249 Tw (As mentioned in the previous section, DiffServ with MF classifier )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.17101 Tc 0.8618 Tw (can be used. In that case the format of the Flow Label will be as )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1964 Tc -0.6136 Tw (shown below:)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -69.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 9 -12 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.33521 Tc 0.1405 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7\ 8 9 )Tj 224.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -259.5 -10.5 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.0677 Tw (|0 1 1| DiffServ IPv6 Flow Label |)Tj 249.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1749 Tc 5.1579 Tw (As suggested in [draft)Tj 144 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.03281 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.03281 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 5.0625 Tw (02.txt], this Flow)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -277.5 -10.5 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.24809 Tw (Label can be PHB ID \(Per Hop Behavior Identification Code\). In)Tj 363 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( this )Tj -363 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 3.96429 Tw (case 1 16)Tj 59.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.12131 Tc 3.41611 Tw (bit PHB ID will be used and the remaining 1 bit is)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -65.25 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (reserved for future use.)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -165.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 -12.75 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.33521 Tc 0.1405 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7\ 8 9 )Tj 224.25 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -259.5 -9.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1698 Tc -0.08701 Tw (|0 1 1| Per Hop Behavior Iden)Tj 168 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.01669 Tw (t. Code |R|)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (\221R\222 is reserved.)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -93 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.98109 Tw (Packets coming into the provider network can be policed based on )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.09669 Tc 1.4861 Tw (the Flow Label. The provider, based on the SLAs, SLSs, TCAs, TCSs )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 3.58929 Tw (agreed with the client configures MF clas)Tj 258.75 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.9375 Tw (sifiers. This document )Tj -258.75 -11.25 TD 0.17419 Tc 2.7496 Tw (specifies the classifier to be a little different from the one )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 13.64999 Tw (suggested in the [draft)Tj 174.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 13.7045 Tw (02.txt]. The)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -309 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (classifier looks like:)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1393 Tc 0.0435 Tw (C = \(SA/SAPrefix, DA/DAPrefix, Flow)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1185 Tc (label\).)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -255.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.04221 Tc -0.375 Tw (Or )Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -17.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1219 Tc 0.21091 Tw (C` = \(SA/SAPrefix, DA/DAPrefix, Flow)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (Label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.0601 Tc 0.27271 Tw (Min: Range\).)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1223 Tc 0.4151 Tw (The range here specifies the difference between the maximum and the )Tj T* 0.1185 Tc 0.96429 Tw (minimum Flow Label. The significance of using the range instead of )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.98109 Tw (Maximum Flow Label is the reduced number of bits. Definitely the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1001 Tc 3.83279 Tw (difference between the two values )Tj 3.33279 Tc 0 Tw (c)Tj 220.5 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 2.5795 Tw (an be specified in a lesser )Tj -220.5 -10.5 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.2019 Tw (number of bits as compared to the value itself.)Tj 273 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -273 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (Flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (Label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1964 Tc (Classifier:)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1423 Tc 0.19051 Tw (IPv6SourceAddressValue/Prefix: 10:11:12:13:14:15:16:17:18::1/128)Tj 378 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -378 -11.25 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.00751 Tw (IPv6DestAddressValue/Prefix: 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8::2/128)Tj 313.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -313.5 -10.5 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.21429 Tw (IPv6 Flow Label:)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 13.5 0 TD ( )Tj 44.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( 50)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -197.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (Or)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -11.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (Ra)Tj 12 0 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.0174 Tw (hul Banerjee [Page 16])Tj 400.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 17 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.16611 Tc 0 Tw (IPv6SourceAddressV)Tj 104.25 0 TD 0.14951 Tc 0.1833 Tw (alue/Prefix: 10:11:12:13:14:15:16:17:18::1/128)Tj 273.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -378 -11.25 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.00751 Tw (IPv6DestAddressValue/Prefix: 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8::2/128)Tj 313.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -313.5 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (IPv6 Flow Label:Range:)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.01669 Tw ( 10:20 )Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -336.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1205 Tc 3.7123 Tw (Incoming Packet header \(SA, DA, Flow Label\) is matched against)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1259 Tc 0.20689 Tw (classification rules table entry )Tj 192 0 TD -0.04221 Tc 0.375 Tw (\(C or C`\).)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -276 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0896 Tc 0.24319 Tw (7.3.4 Using the Port Number and the Protocol)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -255.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1347 Tc 3.61481 Tw (An approach already discussed in this document in the previous)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1051 Tc 1.0459 Tw (section defines Flow Label by including the server port number and )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 3.21429 Tw (the host)Tj 49.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14101 Tc 2.60851 Tw (host protocol. The \223Server Port Number\224 is the port )Tj -72.75 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (numb)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.1235 Tc 9.2093 Tw (er assigned to the server side of the client/server)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -23.25 -11.25 TD 0.1687 Tc 0.53909 Tw (applications. As specified in [draft)Tj 212.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (02.txt], )Tj -345.75 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.5721 Tw (this approach reserves 16 bits for the port number and 1 bit for )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.1909 Tw (the protocol with the remaining bits reserved for the future use. )Tj 383.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -383.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 9 -12.75 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.2227 Tc -0.2637 Tw ( 0)Tj 8.25 0 TD -0.34109 Tc 0.15469 Tw ( 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \ 8 9 )Tj 213.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -257.25 -10.5 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.10001 Tw (|1 0 0| )Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.0565 Tc 0.27631 Tw (TCP Server port number)Tj 127.5 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc -0.1738 Tw ( )Tj 52.5 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (|0|)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -279 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 9 -12.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf -0.6563 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.2227 Tc 0.04311 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 )Tj 42 0 TD -0.3633 Tc 0.177 Tw ( 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )Tj 178.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -261 -9 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -12 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.10001 Tw (|1 0 0| )Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.0565 Tc 0.27631 Tw (UDP Server port number)Tj 127.5 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc -0.1738 Tw ( )Tj 52.5 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (|1|)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -279 -10.5 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0313 Tw ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.22031 Tc 1.425 Tw (But this approach puts t)Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.09019 Tc 1.3676 Tw (he restriction on the protocol to be used )Tj -145.5 -11.25 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.2206 Tw (by any application. )Tj 116.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -116.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.75 Tw (As most of the application seeking Real)Tj 229.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.09419 Tc 0.2386 Tw (time service use TCP or UDP )Tj -235.5 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 1.43179 Tw (as the transport layer protocol, this approach would work fine in )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.11411 Tc 2.9937 Tw (most of the cases. In case the application requires to use)Tj 366 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 1.75 Tw ( any )Tj -366 -11.25 TD 0.2495 Tc 1.5833 Tw (other host)Tj 60 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (to)Tj 12 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.5938 Tw (host protocol, the other methods for specifying the )Tj -83.25 -11.25 TD 0.1064 Tc 2.61279 Tw (Flow Label, discussed in this section can be used. Anyhow, this )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1416 Tc 3.7912 Tw (method for specifying the port number and the protocol can be)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (exploited further in the future to remove any limitations.)Tj 336.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -363 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1347 Tc 0.0731 Tw (7.3.5 A new structure and mechanism for the use of the Flow Label)Tj 378 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -378 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1205 Tc 1.04559 Tw (This section describes an innovative approach to define the 20)Tj 369 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.25 Tw (bit )Tj -375 -11.25 TD 0.1064 Tc 0.8157 Tw (Flow Label field in IPv6 header. By the optimal use of the bits in )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13721 Tc 4.32069 Tw (the Flow Label, this approach includes the various Qua)Tj 348 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 4 Tw (lity of)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -348 -12 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.8295 Tw (Service parameters in the IPv6 Flow Label that may be requested by )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.101 Tc 0.2318 Tw (any application. The various Quality of Service parameters are:)Tj 366 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -392.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc -0.1705 Tw ( 1. Bandwidth)Tj 75.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -75.75 -11.25 TD 0.1922 Tc -0.04691 Tw ( 2. Delay or Latency)Tj 116.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -116.25 -10.5 TD 0.23911 Tc -0.2813 Tw ( 3. Jitter)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -58.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -10.5 TD 0.13541 Tc 0.0174 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 1)Tj 401.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (7])Tj 11.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 18 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 105 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -17.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -320.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.20779 Tc -0.125 Tw ( 4. Packet Loss)Tj 87.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -87.75 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.10001 Tw ( 5. Buffer Requirements)Tj 134.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -151.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.61459 Tw (As packet loss and the jitter are always des)Tj 267 0 TD 0.1563 Tc 0.6265 Tw (ired to be minimum by )Tj -267 -10.5 TD 0.1106 Tc 2.0631 Tw (any application, these two parameters need not be defined in the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.03281 Tc 0.3 Tw (Flow Label.)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -90 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.09669 Tc 1.4861 Tw (Quality of Service parameters that are to be included in the Flow )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.2495 Tc -0.6667 Tw (Label are:)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -84 -12 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -10.5 TD 0.151 Tc 0.07471 Tw ( 1. Bandwidth \(to be expressed in kbps\).)Tj 232.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -232.5 -11.25 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.1179 Tw ( 2. Delay \(to be expressed in nanosec)Tj 215.25 0 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (onds\).)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -250.5 -10.5 TD 0.1933 Tc -0.2355 Tw ( 3. Buffer requirements \(to be expressed in bytes\).)Tj 297 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -314.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1205 Tc 0.3123 Tw (As there are only 17 bits left, the optimal use of the bits is very )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 1.4097 Tw (important so as to obtain the maximum information out of those 17 )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1378 Tc 0.07001 Tw (bits. The first bit out of these 17 bits is used to differenti)Tj 360 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (ate )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -383.25 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.98109 Tw (between the hard real time and soft real time applications. This )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.12691 Tc 0.62779 Tw (bit is set to 0 for soft real time applications and it is set to 1 )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (for hard real time applications.)Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -212.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.07001 Tw (Soft Real time applications:)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -189 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 -12 TD /N13 11.625 Tf -0.6563 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.338 Tc 0.1517 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 )Tj 144 0 TD -0.4369 Tc 0.2899 Tw (3 4 5 6 7 8 9 )Tj 76.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -261 -9.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.0475 Tw (|1 0 1|0| Flow Label |)Tj 249.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -12 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.1875 Tw (This service is meant for RTT \(Real Time Tolerant\) or soft real )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 1.6875 Tw (time applications)Tj 100.5 0 TD 0.15421 Tc 0.83479 Tw (, which have an average bandwidth requirement and )Tj -100.5 -10.5 TD 0.1122 Tc 2.4706 Tw (an intermediate end)Tj 114.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.41721 Tc (to)Tj 11.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.16141 Tc 1.2027 Tw (end delay for an arbitrary packet. Even if )Tj -138 -11.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 1.4097 Tw (the minimum or maximum values specified in the Flow Label are not )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.91479 Tw (exactly met, the application can afford to manage with the QoS )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.2578 Tc 0.825 Tw (provided. T)Tj 65.25 0 TD 0.1413 Tc 0.8582 Tw (hese RTI applications demand weak bounds on the maximum )Tj -65.25 -11.25 TD 0.1078 Tc -0.02499 Tw (delay over the network.)Tj 133.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -133.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.07001 Tw (Hard Real time applications:)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -189 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 35.25 -12.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf -0.6563 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.3727 Tc 0.19991 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \ 8 9 )Tj 220.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -261 -9 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.02679 Tw (|1 0 1|1| )Tj 63.75 0 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.0545 Tw ( Flow Label |)Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -12 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.3333 Tw (This service is meant for RTI \(Real Time Intolerant\) or hard Real )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14191 Tc 3.2847 Tw (Time applications, which demand minimal latency and jitter. For)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 11.14999 Tw (example, consider a two)Tj 168 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.2005 Tc 10.6324 Tw (person videoconfer)Tj 115.5 0 TD 0.08279 Tc 11.5 Tw (ence. Delay is)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -288.75 -11.25 TD 0.14191 Tc 1.35001 Tw (unacceptable and ends should be brought as close as possible. The )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.20351 Tc -0.39571 Tw (whole application should simulate two persons talking face to face. )Tj 395.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -395.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 18])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 19 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.13091 Tc -0.0481 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Spec)Tj 186 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0804 Tw (ification for use of the February 2002)Tj 226.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.15179 Tc 1.7748 Tw (For this videoconference case, the required resource reservations )Tj T* -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (are)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -43.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 17.25 0 TD ( )Tj 9 -11.25 TD 0.11571 Tc 0.0504 Tw ( a. Constant bandwidth for the application tr)Tj 273 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (affic)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -302.25 -10.5 TD 0.1698 Tc -0.13699 Tw ( b. Deterministic Minimum delay that can be tolerated.)Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -334.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 9 -16.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0208 Tw (These types of applications can decrease delay by increasing )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (demands for bandwidth.)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -17.25 TD 0.1106 Tc 1.4097 Tw (The minimum or maximum values specified in the Flow Label have to )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14 Tc 0.08569 Tw (be exactly met for these kind of applicati)Tj 243.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (ons.)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -276 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 9 -10.5 TD 0.1721 Tc 0.638 Tw (After keeping one bit for Hard/Soft real time applications, we are )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1384 Tc 1.2569 Tw (left with 16 bits for defining the Flow Label. The remaining part )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14861 Tc 0.2524 Tw (of this section discusses how to represent the values of bandwidth, )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.19389 Tc -0.3611 Tw (delay and buffer requirements.)Tj 174 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -183 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 9 -11.25 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.2045 Tw (1. Bandwidth)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -69.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (Thi)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.1228 Tc 0.7457 Tw (s definition specifies 6 bits out of the 16 bits to be used for )Tj -17.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 1.8 Tw (specifying the bandwidth value. The application can demand for a )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1347 Tc 0.6803 Tw (minimum or a maximum value of bandwidth. So one bit out of these 6 )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1122 Tc 0.55389 Tw (bits is used for specifying whether the application is askin)Tj 351.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.5 Tw (g for a )Tj -351.75 -10.5 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.0735 Tw (minimum value of bandwidth or a maximum.)Tj 232.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (0 )Tj 11.25 0 TD (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw ( minimum expected value is specified.)Tj 215.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -232.5 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (1 )Tj 11.25 0 TD (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw ( maximum expected value is specified.)Tj 215.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -258.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.33521 Tc 0.1501 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \ 8 9 )Tj 219.75 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -243 -9.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf -0.0313 Tw ( )Tj 17.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -267 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.03751 Tw ( |1 0 1|1|0| |)Tj 267 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -267 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.25 Tw ( +)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -293.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.1091 Tc 0.4964 Tw (In the above bit sequence, the application uses this new definition )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1523 Tc 0.64211 Tw (for defining the Flow Label, as described by the first 3 bits. The )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.16611 Tc 0 Tw (applicati)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.6545 Tw (on is a hard real time, as evident by the 4)Tj 255.75 3 TD /N6 6.53909 Tf -0.1734 Tc 0 Tw (th)Tj 8.25 -3 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw ( bit. It asks )Tj -316.5 -11.25 TD 0.1416 Tc 2.03729 Tw (for a minimum bandwidth of value that will be described in the )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw (next few bits.)Tj 81 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -107.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1772 Tc 0.4771 Tw (The 5 bits for the bandwidth can be exploited in two ways as shown )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (below:)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -60.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw ( Approach 1:)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -87 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.09599 Tc 0.7993 Tw (This approach uses a si)Tj 136.5 0 TD 0.11571 Tc 0.2171 Tw (mple formula to calculate the bandwidth from )Tj -136.5 -11.25 TD 0.11459 Tc 1.5136 Tw (the five bits. The following values of bandwidths can be obtained )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0444 Tc 0.2885 Tw (for various bit)Tj 87 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (sequences.)Tj 57.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -177 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD -0.04221 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -23.25 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 19])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 20 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc -0.04221 Tw ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -23.25 -10.5 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.08929 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specif)Tj 198 0 TD 0.1328 Tc 0.0929 Tw (ication for use of the February 2002)Tj 214.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -337.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw ( 00000 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.375 Tw ( 32 kbps)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -110.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw ( 00001 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.375 Tw ( 64 kbps)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -110.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw ( 00111 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw ( 4 mbps)Tj 41.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -105 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -12 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw ( 01111 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw ( 1 gbps)Tj 41.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -105 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw ( .)Tj 12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.1875 Tw ( .)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw ( 11111 )Tj 58.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 5.25 0 TD -0.375 Tw ( 64 tbps)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -110.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.98109 Tw (The formula used here to calculate the bandwidth in decimal from )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.05161 Tc 0.2813 Tw (the bit pattern is:)Tj 110.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -136.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1721 Tc -0.08929 Tw (Bandwidth \(in decimal\) = 2^B * 32.)Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -223.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1384 Tc 1.2569 Tw (Where B is the decimal equivalent of the bandwidth specified in 5 )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (bits.)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.03281 Tc 0.3 Tw (Approach 2:)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -63.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1922 Tc 0.89059 Tw (This approach uses)Tj 106.5 0 TD 0.12131 Tc 0.81149 Tw ( a lookup table that maps the value mentioned in )Tj -106.5 -11.25 TD 0.14191 Tc 0.7534 Tw (the bandwidth field of the Flow Label to the value already defined )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 1.43179 Tw (in the lookup table. These values have to be universally accepted )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (and uniformly defined in all the routers and end)Tj 279 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (nodes.)Tj 34.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -319.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1185 Tc 1.21429 Tw (In the opinion of)Tj 102 0 TD 0.1682 Tc 0.498 Tw ( the authors, using first approach will result in )Tj -102 -10.5 TD 0.101 Tc 0.9818 Tw (saving the time for lookup in providing the quality of service. In )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1259 Tc 0.4319 Tw (event of the requirement of certain intermediate values, the second )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1051 Tc 1.72771 Tw (approach could be used. However whichever alternative is used, it )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (shall)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.12691 Tc 0.8877 Tw ( be recommended in the final version of this specification to )Tj -29.25 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (use only one of these approaches, preferably the former.)Tj 325.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -325.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw (2. Buffer Requirements)Tj 127.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1205 Tc 0.748 Tw (This definition specifies 6 bits out of the 16 bits to be used for )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1528 Tc -0.07001 Tw (specifying the buffer value.)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -162.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (00000 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc 0.375 Tw ( 512 byt)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (es)Tj 12 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (00001 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc -0.2679 Tw ( 1 kbytes)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -93 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -12 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 20])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 21 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.08279 Tc 0.1667 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc ( approach.)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (00111 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( 64 kbytes)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (01111 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.1875 Tw ( 16 mbytes)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (11111 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc -0.2679 Tw ( 1 tbytes)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -93 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.3333 Tw (The formula used here to calculate the buffer in decimal from the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0444 Tc 0.2885 Tw (bit pattern is:)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -113.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0769 Tw (Buffer \(in decimal\) = 2^B * 512.)Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -212.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1228 Tc 3.06 Tw (Where B is the decimal equivalent of the buffer specified in)Tj 378 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 1.125 Tw ( 5 )Tj -378 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (bits.)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -55.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1185 Tc 0.21429 Tw (3. Delay)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -46.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1205 Tc 0.748 Tw (This definition specifies 5 bits out of the 16 bits to be used for )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1228 Tc 7.0538 Tw (specifying the delay value. The application can tolerate a)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1555 Tc 0.17731 Tw (specified value of delay. So the five bits left for the delay value )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1078 Tc 0.22501 Tw (can be used in the following manner:)Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -235.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0 Tw (0000)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (0 )Tj 11.25 0 TD (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.25 Tw ( 4 nanoseconds)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -122.25 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (00001 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.25 Tw ( 8 nanoseconds)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -122.25 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -12 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (01000 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.21741 Tc -0.2596 Tw ( 1 microseconds)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -127.5 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -6 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (11111 )Tj 34.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.23911 Tc -0.2813 Tw ( 8 seconds)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -125.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 6 0 TD ( )Tj 20.25 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 1.3333 Tw (The formula used here to calculate the buffer in decimal from the )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.0444 Tc 0.2885 Tw (bit pattern is:)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -113.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.0378 Tw (Delay \(in decimal\) = 2^B * 4 nanoseconds.)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -264.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1259 Tc -0.04311 Tw (Where B is the decimal equivalent o)Tj 203.25 0 TD 0.10201 Tc 0.1058 Tw (f the delay specified in 5 bits.)Tj 186 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -415.5 -12.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 35.25 -12.75 TD -0.6563 Tw ( )Tj 5.25 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.3727 Tc 0.19991 Tw ( 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 \ 8 9 )Tj 220.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -261 -9.75 TD /N13 11.625 Tf 0.0938 Tw ( )Tj 12 0 TD ( )Tj 23.25 0 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc -0.0677 Tw (|1 0 1|1|0|0 0 0 0 1|0 0 0 0 1| 0 0 0 0 1 |)Tj 249.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc -0.125 Tw ( +)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 5.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD (+)Tj 6 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -285 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 21])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 22 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 114 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -311.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.33279 Tc 1.5 Tw (In the a)Tj 49.5 0 TD 0.1338 Tc 1.3656 Tw (bove bit pattern, the application uses our new definition )Tj -49.5 -11.25 TD 0.1347 Tc -0.0162 Tw (of the Flow Label. It is a hard real time application. It asks for )Tj 389.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -389.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.03461 Tw (a minimum bandwidth of 64 Kbps at any time, a buffer requirement of )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.04849 Tw (1 kilobyte and can tolerate a minimum delay of 8 nanoseconds.)Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -381 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.625 Tw (8. Conclusion)Tj 75.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -75.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -12 TD 0.1283 Tc 2.1545 Tw (This report has dealt extensively with all the suggested formats )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.05161 Tc 1.0313 Tw (for defining the 20)Tj 112.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1405 Tc 0.10899 Tw (bit IPv6 Flow Label and finally has suggested a )Tj -118.5 -11.25 TD 0.1682 Tc 4.6646 Tw (hybrid approach for efficiently defining the 20)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1283 Tc 4.3295 Tw (bit IPv6 Flow)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -308.25 -10.5 TD 0.16141 Tc 1.9527 Tw (Label. The emphasis of this work is to resu)Tj 265.5 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.5417 Tw (lt into a practically )Tj -265.5 -11.25 TD 0.16299 Tc 4.5761 Tw (acceptable specification that could be effectively used for a)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1106 Tc 2.8472 Tw (reasonably long period of time for implementing IPv6 Quality of )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1922 Tc 4.23151 Tw (Service that so far has been elusive in absence of a clear,)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14 Tc 0.1929 Tw (verifiable and complete specification.)Tj 220.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -220.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj -26.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* ( )Tj T* ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 22])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 23 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -11.25 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -10.5 TD 0.1106 Tc 0.1472 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid )Tj 215.25 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0 Tw (approach.)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -337.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.0984 Tc 0 Tw (Acknowledgements)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -93 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -10.5 TD 0.14211 Tc 0.6407 Tw (Authors acknowledge technical inputs and support from the members of )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1283 Tc 3.3712 Tw (the \223Project IPv6@BITS\224 at the Birla Institute of Technology and)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1597 Tc 6.4543 Tw (Science, Pilani, India, Dr. Latif Ladid of Ericsson Telebit,)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.9375 Tw (\(Luxembourg\); Dr. Torsten Braun)Tj 182.25 0 TD 0.6875 Tw ( of University of Bern \(Switzerland\); )Tj -182.25 -10.5 TD 0.21741 Tc 3.6404 Tw (Dr. Pascal Lorenz of I.U.T. at the University of Haute Alsace,)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1772 Tc 4.3223 Tw (Colmar \(France\); Dr. S. Rao of Telscom A.G. \(Switzerland\); Dr.)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1185 Tc 2.53931 Tw (Bernardo Martinez of Versaware Inc. \(Spain\); Juan Quemada of UPM, )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.2045 Tw (Madrid \(Spain\) and Dr. Mer)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0.0471 Tc 0.28571 Tw (ce and Dr. Paulo at the EC.)Tj 156.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -308.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1749 Tc 1.99879 Tw (Authors gratefully acknowledge the works of many dedicated brains )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1618 Tc 0.4211 Tw (at the IETF and elsewhere, sections or extracts of which have helped )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1624 Tc -0.017 Tw (us to shape this document.)Tj 151.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -151.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (References)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -58.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -12 TD 0.1266 Tc 0.0396 Tw ([RFC 2460] RFC 2460, Internet Protocol version)Tj 285 0 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.22501 Tw ( 6 Specification.)Tj 99 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -384 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.0412 Tw ([RFC 1809] C. Partridge, RFC 1809, \223Using the Flow Label Field )Tj 384 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -384 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.03751 Tw ( in IPv6\224.)Tj 134.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -134.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1828 Tc -0.16251 Tw ([RFC 2676] RFC 2676, QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions.)Tj 390 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -390 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1609 Tc -0.01559 Tw ([RFC 1633] RFC 1633, Integrated Services in the Internet )Tj 348.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -279 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.1731 Tw ( Architecture:)Tj 87.75 0 TD 0.1964 Tc -0.2386 Tw ( an overview.)Tj 75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -162.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -69.75 -12 TD 0.1749 Tc -0.11481 Tw ([RFC 2475] RFC 2475, An Architecture for Differentiated Services.)Tj 395.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -395.25 -10.5 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -11.25 TD 0.1776 Tc -0.14481 Tw (References to the work in progress)Tj 198 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -180.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw ([draft)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (banerjee)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (quality)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.22569 Tc (service)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1046 Tc 0.2283 Tw (00.txt] Rahul Banerjee, N. )Tj 168.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -302.25 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.2045 Tw (Preethi, M. Sethuraman, \223)Tj 145.5 0 TD 0.1228 Tc 0.21001 Tw (Design and Implementation of)Tj 162.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -308.25 -11.25 TD 0.03281 Tc 0.3 Tw (the Quality)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD (of)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.056 Tw (Service in IPv6 using the modified )Tj 203.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -290.25 -11.25 TD -0.16721 Tc 0 Tw (Hop)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD (by)Tj 11.25 0 TD (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.2083 Tw (Hop Extension header )Tj 122.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1597 Tc -0.2019 Tw ( A Transitional)Tj 87 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -255.75 -10.5 TD 0.0601 Tc 0 Tw (Mechanism\224.)Tj 63.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -162.75 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.125 Tw ( [draft)Tj 52.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (conta)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.04221 Tc (ipv6)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (flow)Tj 23.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1828 Tc (label)Tj 28.5 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1384 Tc -0.0556 Tw (02.txt] A. Conta, B. Carpenter, )Tj 209.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -325.5 -11.25 TD 0.1393 Tc 0.05721 Tw ( \223A proposal for the IPv6 Flow Label\224.)Tj 244.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -297 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.03281 Tc 0 Tw ([NGNI)Tj 29.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD -0.16721 Tc (MMI)Tj 17.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.1635 Tc 4.1694 Tw (QoS: D1] Rahul Banerjee \(BITS\), Juan )Tj 4.08279 Tc 0 Tw (Q)Tj 246.75 0 TD 0.1597 Tc 4.2981 Tw (uemda \(UPM\), P.)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -305.25 -10.5 TD 0.1647 Tc 3.16811 Tw (Lorenz \(UHA\), Torsten Braun \(UoB\), Bernardo Martinez \(Versaware\):)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (")Tj 6 0 TD 0.1235 Tc 8.1781 Tw (Use of Various Parameters for Attaining QoS in IPv6)Tj 360.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.1828 Tc 0.14999 Tw (based )Tj -372 -10.5 TD 0.1413 Tc 15.5665 Tw (Multimedia Internetworks", Nov. 15, 2001 available at)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1922 Tc 0 Tw (http://ipv6.bits)Tj 93 0 TD 0.33279 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.16611 Tc (pilani.ac.in/ngni/)Tj 105 0 TD /N13 9.4453 Tf -0.1113 Tc (.)Tj 1.5 0 TD 0 Tc -0.1113 Tw ( )Tj -205.5 -12.75 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -9 TD /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.1597 Tc 0.00639 Tw (Rahul Banerjee )Tj 128.25 0 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.00459 Tw ( [Page 23])Tj 284.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -12 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Page: ‹FTƒÄÿu‹ 24 %%BeginPageSetup userdict /pgsave save put PDFVars begin PDF begin PDFVars/InitAll get exec %%EndPageSetup 0 0 596 842 RC BT 87.75 729 TD 0 0 0 rg /N6 9.4453 Tf 0.15179 Tc 0.008 Tw (Internet Draft A Modified Specification for use of the February 2002)Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -342.75 -10.5 TD 0.1563 Tc -0.02811 Tw ( IPv6 Flow Label for providing efficient )Tj 261.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -261.75 -11.25 TD 0.1245 Tc 0.1333 Tw ( Quality of Service using hybrid approach.)Tj 267.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -337.5 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD ( )Tj T* 0.1828 Tc 0 Tw (Disclaimer)Tj 58.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -58.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -11.25 TD 0.1624 Tc 2.1705 Tw (The views and specificati)Tj 152.25 0 TD 0.075 Tc 2.1745 Tw (on here are those of the authors and are )Tj -152.25 -10.5 TD 0.1523 Tc 2.6351 Tw (not necessarily those of their employers. The authors and their )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.14861 Tc 5.8092 Tw (employers specifically disclaim responsibility for any problems)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1384 Tc 3.9444 Tw (arising from correct or incorrect implementation or use of this)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1721 Tc 0 Tw (specification.)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -99 -16.5 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.20779 Tc 0 Tw (Author)Tj 35.25 0 TD 0.1964 Tc -0.6136 Tw ( Information)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -105 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.1597 Tc 0.0231 Tw ( Rahul Banerjee)Tj 105 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -105 -10.5 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.11079 Tw ( 3256, Centre for Software Development)Tj 238.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -238.5 -11.25 TD 0.1283 Tc 0.0795 Tw ( BITS, Pilani )Tj 99 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (\226)Tj 6 0 TD 0.20779 Tc -0.625 Tw ( 333031)Tj 40.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -145.5 -10.5 TD 0.1922 Tc -0.15939 Tw ( Rajasthan, India.)Tj 122.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -122.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.2495 Tc -0.21671 Tw ( Phone: +91)Tj 81.75 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD (159)Tj 18 0 TD (-)Tj 5.25 0 TD 0.22569 Tc -0.2679 Tw (7645073 Ext. 335)Tj 93 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -203.25 -11.25 TD 0.1922 Tc -0.15939 Tw ( Email: rahul@bits)Tj 122.25 0 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj 6 0 TD 0.14529 Tc (pilani.ac.in)Tj 69.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -198 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 26.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj -26.25 -11.25 TD 0.1283 Tc -0.1705 Tw (Full Copyright Statement)Tj 139.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -139.5 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13091 Tc 0.0948 Tw ( Copyright \(C\) The Internet Soc)Tj 192 0 TD 0.1776 Tc -0.14481 Tw (iety \(2002\). All Rights Reserved.)Tj 197.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -389.25 -11.25 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -10.5 TD 0.1319 Tc 1.0759 Tw (This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.15179 Tc 0.5219 Tw (others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14861 Tc 1.7592 Tw (or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1328 Tc 2.45 Tw (and distributed,)Tj 96 0 TD 0.12131 Tc 2.76151 Tw ( in whole or in part, without restriction of any )Tj -96 -11.25 TD 0.14529 Tc 2.3625 Tw (kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14861 Tc 0.4967 Tw (are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this )Tj 0 -12 TD 0.11459 Tc 1.0836 Tw (document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.33279 Tc 0 Tw (the )Tj 24.75 0 TD 0.16611 Tc 0.9167 Tw (copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other )Tj -24.75 -11.25 TD 0.1122 Tc 7.5331 Tw (Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.1523 Tc 5.0556 Tw (developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.1597 Tc 6.4543 Tw (copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be)Tj 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.23911 Tc 0 Tw (followed)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0.1297 Tc 1.70309 Tw (, or as required to translate it into languages other than )Tj -46.5 -11.25 TD 0.23911 Tc 0 Tw (English.)Tj 46.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -63.75 -10.5 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -11.25 TD 0.2012 Tc -0.2775 Tw (The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc -0.0625 Tw (revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.)Tj 354.75 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -372 -18 TD ( )Tj 17.25 -10.5 TD 0.14529 Tc 0.0938 Tw (This document and the information contained herein is pr)Tj 325.5 0 TD 0.1078 Tc -0.02499 Tw (ovided on an )Tj -325.5 -11.25 TD 0.1618 Tc -0.03349 Tw ("AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.13879 Tc 0.1106 Tw (TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING )Tj 0 -11.25 TD 0.203 Tc -0.24519 Tw (BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION )Tj 0 -10.5 TD 0.187 Tc -0.13541 Tw (HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY I)Tj 255.75 0 TD 0.1245 Tc -0.0417 Tw (MPLIED WARRANTIES OF )Tj -255.75 -11.25 TD 0.1698 Tc -0.08701 Tw (MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.)Tj 302.25 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -302.25 -16.5 TD ( )Tj -17.25 -16.5 TD 0.15421 Tc -0.0014 Tw (Rahul Banerjee [Page 24])Tj 412.5 0 TD 0 Tc 0.33279 Tw ( )Tj -412.5 -12 TD ( )Tj ET PDFVars/TermAll get exec end end userdict /pgsave get restore showpage %%PageTrailer %%EndPage %%Trailer %%DocumentNeededResources: %%+ font CourierNew %%+ font TimesNewRoman %%+ font TimesNewRoman,Bold %%EOF