| Internet Architecture Board | H. Flanagan, Ed. |
| Internet-Draft | RFC Editor |
| Updates: 7322 (if approved) | April 25, 2016 |
| Intended status: Informational | |
| Expires: October 27, 2016 |
The Use of Non-ASCII Characters in RFCs
draft-iab-rfc-nonascii-02
In order to support the internationalization of protocols and a more diverse Internet community, the RFC Series must evolve to allow for the use of non-ASCII characters in RFCs. While English remains the required language of the Series, the encoding of future RFCs will be in UTF-8, allowing for a broader range of characters than typically used in the English language. This document describes the RFC Editor requirements and guidance regarding the use of non-ASCII characters in RFCs.
This document updates RFC 7322. Please review the PDF version of this draft.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on October 27, 2016.
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Please review the PDF version of this draft.
For much of the history of the RFC Series, the character encoding used for RFCs has been ASCII [RFC0020]. This was a sensible choice at the time: the language of the Series has always been English, a language that primarily uses ASCII-encoded characters (ignoring for a moment words borrowed from more richly decorated alphabets); and, ASCII is the "lowest common denominator" for character encoding, making cross-platform viewing trivial.
There are limits to ASCII, however, that hinder its continued use as the exclusive character encoding for the Series. The increasing need for easily readable, internationalized content suggests it is time to allow non-ASCII characters in RFCs where necessary. To support this move away from ASCII, RFCs will switch to supporting UTF-8 as the default character encoding and allow support for a broad range of Unicode character support. [UnicodeCurrent] Note that the RFC Editor may reject any codepoint that does not render adequately in enough formats or on in enough rendering engines using the current tooling.
Given the continuing goal of maximum readability across platforms, the use of non-ASCII characters should be limited in a document to only where necessary within the text. This document describes the rules under which non-ASCII characters may be used in an RFC. These rules will be applied as the necessary changes are made to submission checking and editorial tools.
This document updates the RFC Style Guide [RFC7322].
The details described in this document are expected to change based on experience gained in implementing the RFC production center's toolset. Revised documents will be published capturing those changes as the toolset is completed. Other implementers must not expect those changes to remain backwards-compatible with the details described in this document.
Two fundamental requirements inform the guidance and examples provided in this document. They are:
This section describes the guidelines for the use of non-ASCII characters in an RFC. If the RFC Editor identifies areas where the use of non-ASCII characters negatively impacts the readability of the text, they will request alternate text.
The RFC Editor may, in cases of entire words represented in non-ASCII characters, ask for a set of reviewers to verify the meaning, spelling, characters, and grammar of the text.
Where the use of non-ASCII characters is purely as part of an example and not otherwise required for correct protocol operation, escaping the non-ASCII character is not required. Note, however, that as the language of the RFC Series is English, the use of non-ASCII characters is based on the spelling of words commonly used in the English language following the guidance in the Merriam-Webster dictionary [MerrWeb].
The RFC Editor will use the primary spelling listed in that dictionary by default.
This particular response contains unreserved and non-ascii UTF-8 characters. This response is well formed. A parser must accept this message. Message Details : unreason SIP/2.0 200 = 2**3 * 5**2 но сто девяносто девять - простое Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.0.2.198;branch=z9hG4bK1324923 Call-ID: unreason.1234ksdfak3j2erwedfsASdf CSeq: 35 INVITE From: sip:user@example.com;tag=11141343 To: sip:user@example.edu;tag=2229 Content-Length: 154 Content-Type: application/sdp
Example of non-ASCII characters that do not require escaping (the example from Section 3.1.1.12 of RFC4475, with a hex dump replaced by the actual character glyphs) [RFC4475]:
Person names may appear in several places within an RFC. When a script outside the Unicode Latin blocks is used for a person name, an author-provided, ASCII-only identifier will appear immediately after the non-Latin characters, surrounded by parentheses. This will improve general readability of the text. [UNICODE-CHART].
Example for the header:
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Tong
Request for Comments: 7380 C. Bi, Ed.
Category: Standards Track China Telecom
ISSN: 2070-1721 רוני אבן (R. Even)
吴钦 (Q. Wu), Ed.
R. Huang
Huawei
November 2014
Example for the Acknowledgements:
OLD: The following people contributed significant text to early versions of this draft: Patrik Faltstrom, William Chan, and Fred Baker.
PROPOSED/NEW: The following people contributed significant text to early versions of this draft: Patrik Fältström, 陈智昌 (William Chan), and Fred Baker.
Example for References:
OLD:
[RFC6630] Cao, Z., Deng, H., Wu, Q., and G. Zorn, Ed., "EAP
Re-authentication Protocol Extensions for Authenticated
Anticipatory Keying (ERP/AAK)", RFC 6630, June 2012.
NEW
[RFC6630] Cao, Z., Deng, H., 吴钦 (Wu, Q.), and G. Zorn, Ed., "EAP
Re-authentication Protocol Extensions for Authenticated
Anticipatory Keying (ERP/AAK)", RFC 6630, June 2012.
Company names may appear in several places within an RFC. In all cases, valid Unicode is required. For names that include characters outside of the Unicode Latin and Latin Extended script, an author-provided, ASCII-only identifier is required to assist in search and indexing of the document.
When the mention of non-ASCII characters is required for correct protocol operation and understanding, the characters' Unicode character name or code point MUST be included in the text.
Examples:
OLD [RFC7564]:
However, the problem is made more serious by introducing the full range of Unicode code points into protocol strings. For example, the characters U+13DA U+13A2 U+13B5 U+13AC U+13A2 U+13AC U+13D2 from the Cherokee block look similar to the ASCII characters "STPETER" as they might appear when presented using a "creative" font family.
NEW/ALLOWED:
However, the problem is made more serious by introducing the full range of Unicode code points into protocol strings. For example, the characters U+13DA U+13A2 U+13B5 U+13AC U+13A2 U+13AC U+13D2 (ᏚᎢᎵᎬᎢᎬᏒ) from the Cherokee block look similar to the ASCII characters "STPETER" as they might appear when presented using a "creative" font family.
ALSO ACCEPTABLE:
However, the problem is made more serious by introducing the full range of Unicode code points into protocol strings. For example, the characters "ᏚᎢᎵᎬᎢᎬᏒ" (U+13DA U+13A2 U+13B5 U+13AC U+13A2 U+13AC U+13D2) from the Cherokee block look similar to the ASCII characters "STPETER" as they might appear when presented using a "creative" font family.
Example of proper identification of Unicode characters in an RFC:
Acceptable:
Preferred:
Which option of (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) is preferred may depend on context and the specific character(s) in question. All are acceptable within an RFC. BCP 137, "ASCII Escaping of Unicode Character" describes the pros and cons of different options for identifying Unicode characters in an ASCII document BCP137 [BCP137].
Tables follow the same rules for identifiers and characters as in "Body of the Document" [botd]. If it is sensible (i.e., more understandable for a reader) for a given document to have two tables -- one including the identifiers and non-ASCII characters and a second with just the non-ASCII characters -- that will be allowed on a case-by-case basis.
Original text from "Preparation, Enforcement, and Comparison of Internationalized Strings Representing Usernames and Passwords" [RFC7613].
Table 3: A sample of legal passwords
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| # | Password | Notes |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 12| <correct horse battery staple> | ASCII space is allowed |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 13| <Correct Horse Battery Staple> | Different from example 12 |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 14| <πßå> | Non-ASCII letters are OK |
| | | (e.g., GREEK SMALL LETTER |
| | | PI, U+03C0) |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 15| <Jack of ♦s> | Symbols are OK (e.g., BLACK |
| | | DIAMOND SUIT, U+2666) |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 16| <foo bar> | OGHAM SPACE MARK, U+1680, is |
| | | mapped to U+0020 and thus |
| | | the full string is mapped to |
| | | <foo bar> |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
Preferred text:
Table 3: A sample of legal passwords
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| # | Password | Notes |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 12| <correct horse battery staple> | ASCII space is allowed |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 13| <Correct Horse Battery Staple> | Different from example 12 |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 14| <πß๗> | Non-ASCII letters are OK |
| | | (e.g., GREEK SMALL LETTER |
| | | PI, U+03C0; LATIN SMALL |
| | | LETTER SHARP S, U+00DF; THAI |
| | | DIGIT SEVEN, U+0E57) |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 15| <Jack of ♦s> | Symbols are OK (e.g., BLACK |
| | | DIAMOND SUIT, U+2666) |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
| 16| <foo bar> | OGHAM SPACE MARK, U+1680, is |
| | | mapped to U+0020 and thus |
| | | the full string is mapped to |
| | | <foo bar> |
+------------------------------------+------------------------------+
The RFC Editor encourages the use of the U+ notation except within a code component where you must follow the rules of the programming language in which you are writing the code.
Code components are generally expected to use fixed-width fonts. Where such fonts are not available for a particular script, the best script- appropriate font will be used for that part of the code component.
The reference entry must be in English; whatever subfields are present must be available in ASCII-encoded characters. For references to RFCs and Internet Drafts, the author's name will be included in the reference as listed on the front header of the RFC or Internet Draft. As long as good sense is used, the reference entry may also include non-ASCII characters at the author's discretion and as provided by the author. The RFC Editor may request a review of any non-ASCII reference entry. This applies to both normative and informative references.
Example:
[GOST3410] "Information technology. Cryptographic data security.
Signature and verification processes of [electronic]
digital signature.", GOST R 34.10-2001, Gosudarstvennyi
Standard of Russian Federation, Government Committee of
Russia for Standards, 2001. (In Russian)
Allowable addition to the above citation:
"Информационная технология. Криптографическая защита
информации. Процессы формирования и проверки
электронной цифровой подписи", GOST R 34.10-2001,
Государственный стандарт Российской Федерации, 2001.
Alternatively:
[GOST3410] "Information technology. Cryptographic data security.
Signature and verification processes of [electronic]
digital signature.", GOST R 34.10-2001, Gosudarstvennyi
Standard of Russian Federation, Правительственная комиссия
России по стандартам (Government Committee of
Russia for Standards), 2001. (In Russian)
Keywords (as tagged with the <keyword> element in XML), and citation tags (as defined in the anchor attributes of <reference> elements) must be ASCII only.
The purpose of providing address information, either postal or e-mail, is to assist readers of an RFC to contact the author or authors. Authors may include the official postal address as recognized by their company or local postal service without additional non-ASCII character escapes. If the email address includes non-ASCII characters and is a valid email address at the time of publication, non-ASCII character escapes are not required.
Example:
Qin Wu (editor) Huawei 101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012 China Alternate contact information: 吴钦 (editor) 华为技术有限公司 雨花区软件大道101号 江苏南京 210012 中国 ------ Roni Even Huawei 14 David Hamelech Tel Aviv 64953 Israel Alternate contact information: רוני אבן וואווי דוד המלך 14 תל אביב 64953 ישראל
Authors should not expect normalization forms to be preserved. If a particular normalization form is expected, note that in the text of the RFC.
As described above, use of non-ASCII characters in areas such as email, company name, addresses, and name is allowed. In order to make it easier for code to identify the appropriate ASCII alternatives, authors must include an "ascii" attribute to their XML markup when an ASCII alternative is required. See [I-D.iab-xml2rfc] for more detail on how to tag ASCII alternatives.
This document makes no request of IANA.
Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an RFC.
The ability to use non-ASCII characters in RFCs in a clear and consistent manner will improve the ability to describe internationalized protocols and will recognize the diversity of authors. However, the goal of readability will override the use of non-ASCII characters within the text.
Valid Unicode that matches the expected text must be verified in order to preserve expected behavior and protocol information.
Authors, Contributors: section renamed "Person names", text simplified, example of a reference added.
Bibliographic Text: added an alternate example for a reference with non-ASCII characters.
Code Components: added fixed-width font clarification
Authors, Bibliographic info: Clarified requirements for full name, how name will be displayed
Changed requirement for all nonASCII names (including company names) to require an ASCII equivalent to requiring it only for non-Latin characters. Extended Latin is also acceptable without an ASCII equivalent.
Keywords: expanded section to include citation tags.
Internationalization considerations: reiterated that the use of non-ASCII characters is not automatically guaranteed.
Introduction: added statement regarding document subject to change.
Tables: added example.
Code: removed placeholder for example.
Introduction and Abstract: change to be clearer about what/why non-ASCII characters are being allowed.
XML Markup: section added.
With many thanks to the members of the IAB i18n program and the RFC Format Design Team.