| Audio/Video Transport Working Group | Q. Wu |
| Internet-Draft | Huawei |
| Intended status: Informational | May 05, 2011 |
| Expires: November 06, 2011 |
Monitoring Architectures for RTP
draft-ietf-avtcore-monarch-01.txt
This memo proposes an architecture for extending RTCP with a new RTCP XR (RFC3611) block type to report new metrics regarding media transmission or reception quality, as proposed in RFC5968. This memo suggests that a new block should contain a single metric or a small number of metrics relevant to a single parameter of interest or concern, rather than containing a number of metrics which attempt to provide full coverage of all those parameters of concern to a specific application. Applications may then "mix and match" to create a set of blocks which covers their set of concerns. Where possible, a specific block should be designed to be re-usable across more than one application, for example, for all of voice, streaming audio and video.
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Service providers and network providers today suffer from lack of good service that can monitor the performance at the user's home, handset or remote office. Without service performance metrics, it is difficult for network operators to properly locate the problem and solve service issues before problems impact subscriber/end user. The resolution generally involves deploying costly field network technician to conduct on-site troubleshooting and diagnostics. By reducing the expensive deployments with more automated remote monitoring capabilities, network operators can save significant costs, reduce mean time to repair and provide a better service offering.
As more users and subscribers rely on real time application services, uncertainties in the performance and availability of these services are driving the need to support new standard methods for gathering performance metrics from RTP applications. These rapidly emerging standards, such as RTCP XR [RFC3611]and other RTCP extension to Sender Reports(SR), Receiver Reports (RR) [RFC3550]are being developed for the purpose of collecting and reporting performance metrics from endpoint devices that can be used to correlate the metrics, provide end to end service visibility and measure and monitor QoE.
However the proliferation of RTP/RTCP specific metrics for transport and application quality monitoring has been identified as a potential problem for RTP/RTCP interoperability, which attempt to provide full coverage of all those parameters of concern to a specific application. Since different applications layered on RTP may have some monitoring requirements in common, therefore these metrics should be satisfied by a common design.
The objective of this document is to define an extensible RTP monitoring framework to provide a small number of re-usable QoS/QoE metrics which facilitate reduced implementation costs and help maximize inter-operability. [RFC5968] has stated that, where RTCP is to be extended with a new metric, the preferred mechanism is by the addition of a new RTCP XR [RFC3611] block. This memo assumes that any requirement for a new metric to be transported in RTCP will use a new RTCP XR block.
This memo is informative and as such contains no normative requirements.
In addition, the following terms are defined:
The RTP monitoring architecture comprises the following two key functional components shown below:
Monitor is a functional component defined in RFC3550 that acts as a source of information gathered for monitoring purposes. It may also collect statistics from multiple source, stores such information reported by RTCP XR or other RTCP extension appropriately as base metric or calculates composite metric. According to the definition of monitor in RFC3550, the end system that source RTP streams, an intermediate-system that forwards RTP packets to End-devices or a third party that does not participate RTP session (i.e., the third party monitor depicted in figure 1) can be envisioned to act as Monitor within the RTP monitoring architecture.
The Metric Block exposes real time Application Quality information in the appropriate report block format to monitor within the RTP monitoring architecture. Both the RTCP or RTCP XR can be extended to convey such information. The details on transport protocol for metric block is described in Section 3.2.
|---------------+
| Management |
+-------------------+ | System |
| RTP Sender | | +----------+ |
| +-----------+ | | | | |
---------------->| Monitor |---------5------->| Monitor | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | +-----------+ | | +----\-----+ |
| |+-----------------+| | | |
| ||Application || --------|-------+
| ||-Streaming video || |
| |---------|-VOIP || 5
| | ||-Video conference|| |
| | ||-Telepresence || +---------------+
| | ||-Ad insertion || | Third Party |
5 | |+-----------------+| | Monitor |
| | +-------------------+ +---------------+
| 1
| | +Intermediate------------+ |-------------- ---- ----+
| | | RTP System Report Block | RTP Receiver >--4-| |
| | | +---------- transported over| +-----------+ | |
| | | | RTCP extension | | Monitor |<-- |
|------------- Monitor |<--------5------|----| |<------|
| | | | Report Block +----/------+ ||
| | +----------+ transported over | ||
| | RTCP XR | |2 ||
| | +-----------------+ | | +-------/---------+ ||
| | |Application | | | |Application | ||
| | |-Streaming video | | | |-Streaming video | ||
| | |-VOIP | | 1 | |-VOIP | 3|
---->-Video conference|--------------->|-Video conference ||
| |-Telepresence | | | |-Telepresence | ||
| |-Ad insertion | | | |-Ad insertion | ||
| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ ||
| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ ||
| |Transport | | | |Transport | ||
| |-IP/UDP/RTP | | | |-IP/UDP/RTP >---||
| |-IP/TCP/RTP | | | | -IP/TCP/RTP | |
| |-IP/TCP/RTSP/RTP | | | |-IP/TCP/RTSP/RTP | |
| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ |
+------------------------+ +------------------------+
The full solution may include Management application which interacts with monitor. The Monitor outputs reports to the management application. The management application collects raw data from monitor, organizes database, conducts data analysis and creates alerts to the users. However Management application interaction with Monitor is out of scope of this document.
The basic RTCP Reception Report (RR) conveys reception statistics in metric block report format for multiple RTP media streams including [RFC3611] supplement the existing RTCP packets and provide more detailed feedback on reception quality in several categories:
The RTCP XRs
There are also various other scenarios in which it is desirable to send RTCP Metric reports more frequently. The Audio/Video Profile with Feedback [RFC4585]extends the standard A/V Profile[RFC3551] to allow RTCP reports to be sent early provided RTCP bandwidth allocation is respected. There are four use cases but are not limited to:
Issues that have come up in the past with reporting metric block using RTCP XR extensions include (but are probably not limited to) the following:
Different applications using RTP for media transport certainly have differing requirements for metrics transported in RTCP to support their operation. For many applications, the basic metrics for transport impairments provided in RTCP SR and RR packets [RFC3550] (together with source identification provided in RTCP SDES packets) are sufficient. For other applications additional metrics may be required or at least sufficiently useful to justify the overheads, both of processing in endpoints and of increased session bandwidth. For example an IPTV application using Forward Error Correction (FEC) might use either a metric of post-repair loss or a metric giving detailed information about pre-repair loss bursts to optimise payload bandwidth and the strength of FEC required for changing network conditions. However there are many metrics available. It is likely that different applications or classes of applications will wish to use different metrics. Any one application is likely to require metrics for more than one parameter but if this is the case, different applications will almost certainly require different combinations of metrics. If larger blocks are defined containing multiple metrics to address the needs of each application, it becomes likely that many different such larger blocks are defined, which becomes a danger to interoperability.
To avoid this pitfall, this memo proposes the use of small RTCP XR metrics blocks each containing a very small number of individual metrics characterizing only one parameter of interest to an application running over RTP. For example, at the RTP transport layer, the parameter of interest might be packet delay variation, and specifically the metric "IPDV" defined by [Y1540]. See Section 6 for architectural considerations for a metrics block, using as an example a metrics block to report packet delay variation.
Any measurement must be identified. However if metrics are delivered in small blocks there is a danger of inefficiency arising from repeating this information in a number of metrics blocks within the same RTCP packet, in cases where the same identification information applies to multiple metrics blocks.
An instance of a metric must be identified using information which is likely to include most of the following:
Note that this set of information may overlap with, but is more extensive than, that in the union of similar information in RTCP RR packets. However we can not assume that RR information is always present when XR is sent, since they may have different measurement intervals. Also the reason for the additional information carried in the XR is the perceived difficulty of "locating" the *start* of the RTP session (sequence number of 1st packet, duration of interval applicable to cumulative measurements) using only RR. However when an RTCP XR packet containing more than two metrics blocks, reporting on the same streams from the same source, each metric block should have the same measurement identity, if each metric block carry the duplicated data for the measurement identity ,it leads to redundant information in this design since equivalent information is provided multiple times, once in *every* identification packet. Though this ensures immunity to packet loss, the design bring more complexity and the overhead is not completely trivial.
This section proposes an approach to minimise the inefficiency of providing this identification information, assuming that an architecture based on small blocks means that a typical RTCP packet will contain more than one metrics block needing the same identification. The choice of identification information to be provided is discussed in [IDENTITY] .
The approach is to define a stand-alone block containing only identification information, and to tag this identification block with a number which is unique within the scope of the containing RTCP XR packet. The "containing RTCP XR packet" is defined here as the RTCP XR header with PT=XR=207 defined in Section 2 of [RFC3611] and the associated payload defined by the length field of this RTCP XR header. The RTCP XR header itself includes the SSRC of the node at which all of the contained metrics were measured, hence this SSRC need not be repeated in the stand-alone identification block. A single containing RTCP XR packet may contain multiple identification blocks limited by the range of the tag field. Typically there will be one identification block per monitored source SSRC, but the use of more than one identification block for a single monitored source SSRC within a single containing RTCP XR packet is not ruled out.
There will be zero or more metrics blocks dependent on each identification block. The dependence of an instance of a metrics block on an identification block is established by the metrics block's having the same numeric value of the tag field as its identification block (in the same containing RTCP XR packet).
Figure 2 below illustrates this principle using as an example an RTCP XR packet containing four metrics blocks, reporting on streams from two sources. The measurement identity information is provided in two blocks with Block Type NMI, and tag values 0 and 1 respectively.
Note: in this example, RTCP XR block type values for four proposed new block types (work in progress) are given as NMI, NPDV, NBGL and NDEL.
Each of these two identity blocks will specify the SSRC of one of the monitored streams, as well as information about the span of the measurement. There are two metrics blocks with tag=0 indicating their association with the measurement identity block which also has tag=0. These are the two blocks following the identity block with tag=0, though this positioning is not mandatory. There are also two metrics blocks with tag=1 indicating their association with the measurement identity block which also has tag=1, and these are the two blocks following the identity block with tag=1.
Note that if metrics blocks associated with an identity block must always follow the identity block, we could save the tag field and possibly simplify processing. However depending on ordering of metric block and identity block may bring inefficiency since you do not know which block is the last metric block associated with identity block unless you identify the next identity block. Hence it is more desirable to to do cross-referencing with a numeric tag,i.e., using tag field to associated metric block with identity block.
In the example, the block types of the metrics blocks associated with tag=0 are BT=NPDV (a PDV metrics block) and BT=NBGL (a burst and gap loss metrics block). The block types of the metrics blocks associated with tag=1 are BT=NPDV (a second PDV metrics block) and BT=NDEL (a delay metrics block). This illustrates that:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|V=2|P|reserved | PT=XR=207 | length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SSRC of RTCP XR packet sender |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NMI |0|tag=0| resv | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SSRC of stream source 1 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. ...measurement identity information, source 1... .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NPDV |I|tag=0|pdvtyp | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. ...PDV information for source 1... .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NBGL |I|tag=0| resv | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. ...burst-gap-loss information for source 1... .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NMI |0|tag=1| resv | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SSRC of stream source 2 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. ...measurement identity information, source 2... .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NPDV |I|tag=1|pdvtyp | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. ...PDV information for source 2... .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=NDEL |I|tag=1| resv | block length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. ...delay information for source 2... .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
This approach of separating the identification information is more costly than providing identification in each metrics block if only a single metrics block is sent in an RTCP packet, but becomes beneficial as soon as more than one metrics block shares common identification.
This section uses the example of an existing proposed metrics block to illustrate the application of the principles set out in Section 5.1.
The example [PDV] (work in progress) is a block to convey information about packet delay variation (PDV) only, consistent with the principle that a metrics block should address only one parameter of interest. One simple metric of PDV is available in the RTCP RR packet as the "jit" field. There are other PDV metrics which may be more useful to certain applications. Two such metrics are the IPDV metric ([Y1540], [RFC3393]) and the MAPDV2 metric [G1020]. Use of these metrics is consistent with the principle in Section 5 of [RFC5968] that metrics should usually be defined elsewhere, so that RTCP standards define only the transport of the metric rather than its nature. The purpose of this section is to illustrate the architecure using the example of [PDV] (work in progress) rather than to document the design of the PDV metrics block or to provide a tutorial on PDV in general.
Given the availability of at least three metrics for PDV, there are design options for the allocation of metrics to RTCP XR blocks:
In choosing between these options, extensibility is important, because additional metrics of PDV may well be standardized and require inclusion in this framework. The first option is extensible but only by use of additional RTCP XR blocks, which may consume the limited namespace for RTCP XR blocks at an unacceptable rate. The second option is not extensible, so could be rejected on that basis, but in any case a single application is quite unlikely to require transport of more than one metric for PDV. Hence the third option was chosen. This implies the creation of a subsidiary namespace to enumerate the PDV metrics which may be transported by this block, as discussed further in [PDV] (work in progress).
The topologies specified in [RFC5117] fall into two categories. The first category relates to the RTP system model utilizing multicast and/or unicast. The topologies in this category are specifically Topo-Point-to-Point, Topo- Multicast, Topo-Translator (both variants, Topo-Trn-Translator and Topo-Media-Translator, and combinations of the two), and Topo-Mixer. These topologies use RTP end systems, RTP mixers and RTP translators defined in [RFC3550]. The second category relates to deployed system models used in many H.323 [H323] video conferences. The topologies in this category are Topo-Video-Switch-MCU and Topo-RTCP-terminating-MCU. Such topologies based on systems do not behave according to [RFC3550]. As for the first category, the RTP system (end system, mixer or translator) which originates, terminates or forwards RTCP XR blocks is expected to handle RTCP, including RTCP XR, according to [RFC3550]. Provided this expectation is met, an RTP system using RTCP XR is architecturally no different from an RTP system of the same class (end system, mixer, or translator) which does not use RTCP XR. Considering the translator and MCU are two typical topologies in thetwo categories mentioned above, this document will take them as two typical examples to explain how RTCP XR report works in different RFC5117 topologies.
Topo-Video-Switch-MCU and Topo-RTCP-terminating-MCU, suffer from the difficulties described in [RFC5117]. These difficulties apply to systems sending, and expecting to receive, RTCP XR blocks as much as to systems using other RTCP packet types. For example, a participant RTP end system may send media to a video switch MCU. If the media stream is not selected for forwarding by the switch, neither RTCP RR packets nor RTCP XR blocks referring to the end system's generated stream will be received at the RTP end system. Strictly the RTP end system can only conclude that its RTP has been lost in the network, though an RTP end system complying with the robustness principle of [RFC1122] should survive with essential functions unimpaired.
Section 7.2 of [RFC3550] describes processing of RTCP by translators. RTCP XR is within the scope of the recommendations of [RFC3550]. Some RTCP XR metrics blocks may usefully be measured at, and reported by, translators. As described in [RFC3550] this creates a requirement for the translator to allocate an SSRC for the monitor within itself so that it may populate the SSRC in the RTCP XR packet header (although the translator is not a Synchronisation Source in the sense of originating RTP media packets). It must also supply this SSRC and the corresponding CNAME in RTCP SDES packets.
In RTP sessions where one or more translators generate any RTCP traffic towards their next-neighbour RTP system, other translators in the session have a choice as to whether they forward a translator's RTCP packets. Forwarding may provide additional information to other RTP systems in the connection but increases RTCP bandwidth and may in some cases present a security risk. RTP translators may have forwarding behaviour based on local policy, which might differ between different interfaces of the same translator.
For bidirectional unicast, an RTP system may usually detect RTCP XR from a translator by noting that the sending SSRC is not present in any RTP media packet. However even for bidirectional unicast there is a possibility of a source sending RTCP XR before it has sent any RTP media (leading to transient mis-categorisation of an RTP end system or RTP mixer as a translator), and for multicast sessions - or unidirectional/streaming unicast - there is a possibility of a receive-only end system being permanently mis-categorised as a translator sending XR report, i.e.,monitor collocated with transaltor. Hence it is desirable for a translator that send XR to have a way to declare itself explicitly.
None.
This document itself contains no normative text and hence should not give rise to any new security considerations, to be confirmed.
Geoff Hunt and Philip Arden wrote the initial draft for this document and provided useful reviews. Many thanks to them. The authors would also like to thank Colin Perkins, Graeme Gibbs, Debbie Greenstreet, Keith Drage,Dan Romascanu, Ali C. Begen, Roni Even for their valuable comments and suggestions on the early version of this document.
Note to the RFC-Editor: please remove this section prior to publication as an RFC.
The following are the major changes compared to draft-hunt-avtcore-monarch-02:
The following are the major changes compared to 00: