FIB Reduction in Virtual Subnet
draft-ietf-bess-virtual-subnet-fib-reduction-04

Abstract

Virtual Subnet is a BGP/MPLS IP VPN-based subnet extension solution which is intended for building Layer3 network virtualization overlays within and/or between data centers. This document describes a mechanism for reducing the FIB size of PE routers in the Virtual Subnet context.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on February 4, 2017.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Requirements Language
• 2. Terminology
• 3. Solution Description
• 4. Acknowledgements
• 5. IANA Considerations
• 6. Security Considerations
• 7. References
• 7.1. Normative References
• 7.2. Informative References
• Authors' Addresses

1. Introduction

Virtual Subnet [RFC7814] is a BGP/MPLS IP VPN [RFC4364] -based subnet extension solution which is intended for building Layer3 network virtualization overlays within and/or across data centers. In the Virtual Subnet context, since CE host routes of a given VPN instance need to be exchanged among PE routers participating in that VPN instance, the resulting forwarding table (a.k.a. FIB) size of PE routers may become a big concern in large-scale data center environment where they may need to install a huge amount of host routes into their forwarding tables. In some cases where host routes need to be maintained on the control plane, it needs a method to reduce the FIB size of PE routers without any change to the RIB and the routing table. Therefore, this document proposes a very simple mechanism for reducing the FIB size of PE routers. The basic idea of this mechanism is: Those host routes learnt from remote PE routers are selectively installed into the FIB while the remaining routes including local CE host routes are installed into the FIB by default as before.

1.1. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

2. Terminology

This memo makes use of the terms defined in [RFC4364].

3. Solution Description

                            +----------+
                       +----+PE/RR(APR)+----+
+------------------+   |    +----------+    |   +------------------+
|VPN_A:192.0.2.1/24|   |                    |   |VPN_A:192.0.2.1/24|
|              \   |   |                    |   |  /               |
|  +------+     \ ++---+-+                +-+---++/     +------+   |
|  |Host A+------_+ PE-1 |                | PE-2 +------+Host B|   |
|  +------+\      ++-+-+-+                +-+-+-++     /+------+   |
|   192.0.2.2/24   | | |                    | | |   192.0.2.3/24   |
|                  | | |                    | | |                  |
|     DC West      | | |  IP/MPLS Backbone  | | |      DC East     |
+------------------+ | |                    | | +------------------+
                     | +--------------------+ |
                     |                        |
VRF:                 V                    VRF:V
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|   Prefix     | Nexthop |Protocol|In_FIB| |   Prefix     | Nexthop |Protocol|In_FIB|
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|192.0.2.1/32  |127.0.0.1| Direct |  Yes | |192.0.2.1/32  |127.0.0.1| Direct |  Yes |
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|192.0.2.2/32  |192.0.2.2| Direct |  Yes | |192.0.2.2/32  |  PE-1   |  IBGP  |  No  |
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|192.0.2.3/32  |   PE-2  |  IBGP  |  No  | |192.0.2.3/32  |192.0.2.3| Direct |  Yes |
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|192.0.2.0/25  |   APR   |  IBGP  |  Yes | |192.0.2.0/25  |   APR   |  IBGP  |  Yes |
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|192.0.2.128/25|   APR   |  IBGP  |  Yes | |192.0.2.128/25|   APR   |  IBGP  |  Yes |
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+
|192.0.2.0/24  |192.0.2.1| Direct |  Yes | |192.0.2.0/24  |192.0.2.1| Direct |  Yes |
+--------------+---------+--------+------+ +--------------+---------+--------+------+

Figure 1: Selective IPv4 FIB Installation Example

                              +----------+
                         +----+PE/RR(APR)+----+
+--------------------+   |    +----------+    |   +----------------+
|VPN_A:              |   |                    |   |VPN_A:          |
|2001:db8::1/64      |   |                    |   |2001:db8::1/64  |
|              \     |   |                    |   |  /             |
|  +------+     \ ++---+-+                +-+---++/     +------+   |
|  |Host A+------_+ PE-1 |                | PE-2 +------+Host B|   |
|  +------+\      ++-+-+-+                +-+-+-++     /+------+   |
| 2001:db8::2/64   | | |                    | | | 2001:db8::3/64   |
|                  | | |                    | | |                  |
|     DC West      | | |  IP/MPLS Backbone  | | |      DC East     |
+------------------+ | |                    | | +------------------+
                     | +--------------------+ |
                     |                        |
VRF:                 V                    VRF:V
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|    Prefix      |  Nexthop  |Protocol|In_FIB| |    Prefix      |  Nexthop  |Protocol|In_FIB|
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|2001:db8::1/64  |    ::1    | Direct |  Yes | |2001:db8::1/64  |    ::1    | Direct |  Yes |
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|2001:db8::2/64  |2001:db8::2| Direct |  Yes | |2001:db8::2/64  |   PE-1    |  IBGP  |  No  |
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|2001:db8::3/64  |    PE-2   |  IBGP  |  No  | |2001:db8::3/64  |2001:db8::3| Direct |  Yes |
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|2001:db8::0/63  |    APR    |  IBGP  |  Yes | |2001:db8::0/63  |    APR    |  IBGP  |  Yes |
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|2001:db8::128/63|    APR    |  IBGP  |  Yes | |2001:db8::128/63|    APR    |  IBGP  |  Yes |
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+
|2001:db8::0/64  |2001:db8::1| Direct |  Yes | |2001:db8::0/64  |2001:db8::1| Direct |  Yes |
+----------------+-----------+--------+------+ +----------------+-----------+--------+------+

Figure 2: Selective IPv6 FIB Installation Example

To reduce the FIB size of PE routers, the selective FIB installation concept as described in [I-D.ietf-grow-va] can be leveraged in the Virtual Subnet context. Take the VPN instance demonstrated in Figure 1 or Figure 2 as an example, the FIB reduction procedures are described as follows:

1. Multiple more specific prefixes (e.g., 192.0.2.0/25 and 192.0.2.128/25 in IPv4 example, or 2001:db8::0/63 and 2001:db8::128/63 in IPv6 example ) corresponding to an extended subnet (i.e., 192.0.2.0/24 in IPv4 example, or 2001:db8::0/64 in IPv6 example) are specified as Virtual Prefixes (VPs). Meanwhile, one or more PE routers (or route reflectors) are configured as Aggregation Point Routers (APR) for each VP. The APRs for a given VP would install a null route to that VP while propagating a route to that VP via the L3VPN signaling.
2. For a given host route in the routing table which is learnt from any remote PE router, PE routers which are non-APRs for any VP covering this host route would not install it into the FIB by default. In contrast, PE routers (or route reflectors) which are APRs for any VP covering that host route would install it into the FIB. If one or more particular remote host routes need to be installed by non-APR PE routers by default as well for whatever reasons, the best way to realize such goal is to attach a special extended communities attribute to those particular host routes either by originating PE routers or by route reflectors. Upon receiving any host routes attached with the above extended communities attribute, non-APR PE routers SHOULD install them by default.
3. Upon receiving a packet destined for a given remote CE host, if no host route for that CE host is found in the FIB, the ingress PE router would forward the packet to a given APR according to the longest-matching VP route, which in turn forwards the packet to the final egress PE router. In this way, the FIB size of those non-APR PE routers can be greatly reduced at the potential cost of path stretch.

In order to forward packets destined for remote CE hosts directly to the final egress PE routers without the potential path stretch penalty, non-APR PE routers could perform on-demand FIB installation for remote host routes which are available in the routing table. For example, upon receiving an ARP request or Neighbor Solicitation (NS) message from a local CE host, the non-APR PE router would perform a lookup in the routing table. If a corresponding host route for the target host is found but not yet installed into the FIB, it would be installed into the FIB. Another possible way to trigger on-demand FIB installation is as follows: when receiving a packet whose longest-matching FIB entry is a particular VP route learnt from any APR, a copy of this packet would be sent to the control plane while this original packet is forwarded as normal. The above copy sent to the control plane would trigger a lookup in the routing table. If a corresponding host route is found but not yet installed into the FIB, it would be installed into the FIB. To provide robust protection against DoS attacks on the control plane, rate-limiting of the above packets sent to the control plane MUST be enabled. Those FIB entries for remote CE host routes which are on-demand installed on non-APR PE routers would expire if not used for a certain period of time.

4. Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Susan Hares, Yongbing Fan, Robert Raszuk, Bruno Decraene and Fred Baker for their valuable suggestions on this document.

5. IANA Considerations

The type value for the Extended Communities Attributes as described in this doc is required to be allocated by the IANA.

6. Security Considerations

Those security considerations as described in [RFC7814] are applicable to this document. This document does not introduce any new security risk.

7. References

7.1. Normative References

7.2. Informative References

Authors' Addresses