| codec | M. Graczyk |
| Internet-Draft | J. Skoglund |
| Intended status: Standards Track | Google Inc. |
| Expires: May 25, 2017 | November 21, 2016 |
Ambisonics in an Ogg Opus Container
draft-ietf-codec-ambisonics-01
This document defines an extension to the Ogg format to encapsulate ambisonics coded using the Opus audio codec.
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Ambisonics is a representation format for three dimensional sound fields which can be used for surround sound and immersive virtual reality playback. See [gerzon75] and [daniel04] for technical details on the ambisonics format. For the purposes of the this document, ambisonics can be considered a multichannel audio stream. A separate stereo stream can be used alongside the ambisonics in a head-tracked virtual reality experience to provide so-called non-diegetic audio - audio which should remain unchanged by listener head rotation; e.g., narration or stereo music. Ogg is a general purpose container, supporting audio, video, and other media. It can be used to encapsulate audio streams coded using the Opus codec. See [RFC6716] and [RFC7845] for technical details on the Opus codec and its encapsulation in the Ogg container respectively.
This document extends the Ogg format by defining two new channel mapping families for encoding ambisonics. The Ogg Opus format is extended indirectly by adding an item with value 2 or 3 to the IANA "Opus Channel Mapping Families" registry. When 2 or 3 are used as the Channel Mapping Family Number in an Ogg stream, the semantic meaning of the channels in the multichannel Opus stream is one of the ambisonics layouts defined in this document. This mapping can also be used in other contexts which make use of the channel mappings defined by the Opus Channel Mapping Families registry.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Ambisonics MAY be encapsulated in the Ogg format by encoding with the Opus codec and setting the Channel Mapping Family value to 2 or 3 in the Ogg Identification Header. A demuxer implementation encountering Channel Mapping Family 2 or Family 3 MUST interpret the Opus stream as containing ambisonics with the format described in Section 3.1 or Section 3.2, respectively.
Allowed numbers of channels: (1 + n)^2 + 2j for n = 0...14 and j = 0 or 1, where n denotes the ambisonic order and j whether or not there is a separate non-diegetic stereo stream. This corresponds to periphonic ambisonics from zeroth to fourteenth order plus potentially two channels of non-diegetic stereo. Explicitly the allowed number of channels are 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 16, 18, 25, 27, 36, 38, 49, 51, 64, 66, 81, 83, 100, 102, 121, 123, 144, 146, 169, 171, 196, 198, 225, 227.
This channel mapping uses the same channel mapping table format used by channel mapping families 1 and 255. The output channels are ambisonic components ordered in Ambisonic Channel Number (ACN) order, defined in Figure 1, followed by two optional channels of non-diegetic stereo indexed (left, right).
ACN = n * (n + 1) + m, for order n and degree m.
Figure 1: Ambisonic Channel Number (ACN)
For the ambisonic channels the ACN component corresponds to channel index as k = ACN + 1. The reverse correspondence can also be computed for an ambisonic channel with index k.
order n = floor(sqrt(k)) - 1, degree m = k - n * (n + 1) - 1.
Figure 2: Ambisonic Degree and Order from ACN
Ambisonic channels are normalized with Schmidt Semi-Normalization (SN3D). The interpretation of the ambisonics signal as well as detailed definitions of ACN channel ordering and SN3D normalization are described in [ambix] Section 2.1.
In this mapping, C output channels are generated at the decoder by multiplying N decoded streams with a designated demixing matrix, D, having C rows and N columns. The number of output channels does not need to correspond to a full ambisonic order representation. This mapping allows for encoding and decoding of full order ambisonics, mixed order ambisonics, and for non-diegetic stereo channels. Let X denote a column vector containing N decoded streams X1, X2, ..., XN, and let S denote a column vector containing C output streams S1, S2, ..., SC. Then S = D X, i.e.,
/ \ / \ / \ | S1 | | D11 D12 ... D1N | | X1 | | S2 | | D21 D22 ... D2N | | X2 | | ... | = | ... ... ... ... | | ... | | SC | | DC1 DC2 ... DCN | | XN | \ / \ / \ /
Figure 3: Demixing in Channel Mapping Family 3
The matrix MUST be provided as side information and MUST be stored in the channel mapping table part of the identification header, c.f. section 5.1.1 in [RFC7845]. For channel mapping family 3 the mapping table has the following layout:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Stream Count |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Coupled Count | Channel Numbering :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Demixing Matrix :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4: Channel Mapping Table for Channel Mapping Family 3
The fields in the channel mapping table have the following meaning:
Note that [RFC7845] specifies that the identification header cannot exceed one "page", which is 65,025 octets. This sets a practical maximum ambisonic order of 10, if full order is utilized and the number of coded streams is the same as the ambisonic order plus the two non-diegetic channels. Also note that the total output channel number, C, MUST be set in the 3rd field of the identification header.
An Ogg Opus player MAY use the matrix in Figure 5 to implement downmixing from multichannel files using Channel Mapping Family 2 Section 3.1, when there is no non-diegetic stereo. This downmixing is known to give acceptable results for stereo downmixing from ambisonics. The first and second ambisonic channels are known as "W" and "Y" respectively.
/ \ / \ / \
| L | | 0.5 0.5 0.0 ... | | W |
| R | = | 0.5 -0.5 0.0 ... | | Y |
\ / \ / | ... |
\ /
Figure 5: Stereo Downmixing Matrix for Channel Mapping Family 2 - only Ambisonic Channels
The first ambisonic channel (W) is a mono audio stream which represents the average audio signal over all directions. Since W is not directional, Ogg Opus players MAY use W directly for mono playback.
If a non-diegetic stereo track is present, the player MAY use the matrix in Figure 6 for downmixing. Ls and Rs denote the two non-diegetic stereo channels.
/ \ / \ / \
| L | | 0.25 0.25 0.0 ... 0.5 0.0 | | W |
| R | = | 0.25 -0.25 0.0 ... 0.0 0.5 | | Y |
\ / \ / | ... |
| Ls |
| Rs |
\ /
Figure 6: Stereo Downmixing Matrix for Channel Mapping Family 2 - Ambisonic Channels Plus a Non-diegetic Stereo Stream
In Channel Mapping Family 3 described in Section 3.2, additional side-information stored in the identification header is needed to transform the coded streams into ambisonic and non-diegetic stereo. It would therefore be reasonable to also utilize this information for stereo downmix. Assume in the following that the output channels contain the 0th and 1st order channels, ACN 0 and 1, also known as "W" and Y" respectively. If we also assume that the output channel numbering in Figure 4 is structured so that the first output channel contains W and the second contains Y, an Ogg Opus player MAY use the matrix in Figure 7 to implement downmixing when there is no non-diegetic stereo. If the output channels are ordered differently the columns of the downmixing matrix should be rearranged accordingly so that only W and Y contribute to the downmix.
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \
| L | | 0.5 0.5 0.0 ... | | W | | 0.5 0.5 0.0 ... | | S1 |
| R | = | 0.5 -0.5 0.0 ... | | Y | = | 0.5 -0.5 0.0 ... | | S2 | =
\ / \ / | ... | \ / | ... |
\ / \ /
/ \ / \ / \
| 0.5 0.5 0.0 ... | | D11 D12 ... D1N | | X1 |
= | 0.5 -0.5 0.0 ... | | D21 D22 ... D2N | | X2 |
\ / | ... ... ... ... | | ... |
| DC1 DC2 ... DCN | | XN |
\ / \ /
Figure 7: Stereo Downmixing Matrix for Channel Mapping Family 3 - only Ambisonic Channels
Similarly, if a non-diegetic stereo track is present, the player MAY use the matrix in Figure 8 for downmixing. Ls and Rs denote the two non-diegetic stereo channels and it is assumed here that they are located as the two last channels of the output channels. If the output channels are ordered differently the columns of the downmixing matrix should be rearranged accordingly so that only W, Y, Ls, and Rs contribute to the downmix.
/ \ / \ / \
| L | | 0.25 0.25 0.0 ... 0.5 0.0 | | W |
| R | = | 0.25 -0.25 0.0 ... 0.0 0.5 | | Y | =
\ / \ / | ... |
| Ls |
| Rs |
\ /
/ \ / \
| 0.25 0.25 0.0 ... 0.5 0.0 | | S1 |
= | 0.25 -0.25 0.0 ... 0.0 0.5 | | S2 | =
\ / | ... |
| SC-1 |
| SC |
\ /
/ \ / \ / \
| 0.25 0.25 0.0 ... 0.5 0.0 | | D11 D12 ... D1N | | X1 |
= | 0.25 -0.25 0.0 ... 0.0 0.5 | | D21 D22 ... D2N | | X2 |
\ / | ... ... ... ... | | ... |
| DC1 DC2 ... DCN | | XN |
\ / \ /
Figure 8: Stereo Downmixing Matrix for Channel Mapping Family 3 - Ambisonic Channels Plus a Non-diegetic Stereo Stream
Implementations of the Ogg container need take appropriate security considerations into account, as outlined in Section 10 of [RFC7845]. The extension defined in this document requires that semantic meaning be assigned to more channels than the existing Ogg format requires. Since more allocations will be required to encode and decode these semantically meaningful channels, care should be taken in any new allocation paths. Implementations MUST NOT overrun their allocated memory nor read from uninitialized memory when managing the ambisonic channel mapping.
This document updates the IANA Media Types registry "Opus Channel Mapping Families" to add two new assignments.
| Value | Reference |
|---|---|
| 2 | This Document Section 3.1 |
| 3 | This Document Section 3.2 |
Thanks to Timothy Terriberry, Marcin Gorzel and Andrew Allen for their guidance and valuable contributions to this document.
| [RFC2119] | Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997. |
| [RFC6716] | Valin, JM., Vos, K. and T. Terriberry, "Definition of the Opus Audio Codec", RFC 6716, DOI 10.17487/RFC6716, September 2012. |
| [RFC7845] | Terriberry, T., Lee, R. and R. Giles, "Ogg Encapsulation for the Opus Audio Codec", RFC 7845, DOI 10.17487/RFC7845, April 2016. |
| [ambix] | Nachbar, C., Zotter, F., Deleflie, E. and A. Sontacchi, "AMBIX - A SUGGESTED AMBISONICS FORMAT", June 2011. |
| [gerzon75] | Gerzon, M., "Ambisonics. Part one: General system description", August 1975. |
| [daniel04] | Daniel, J. and S. Moreau, "Further Study of Sound Field Coding with Higher Order Ambisonics", May 2004. |