| Internet-Draft | COSE Hashes | March 2019 |
| Schaad | Expires 12 September 2019 | [Page] |
The CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) syntax [I-D.ietf-cose-rfc8152bis-struct] does not define any direct methods for using hash algorithms. There are however circumstances where hash algorithms are used: Indirect signatures where the hash of one or more contents are signed. X.509 certificate or other object identification by the use of a thumbprint. This document defines a set of hash algorithms that are identified by COSE Algorithm Identifiers. ¶
The source for this draft is being maintained in GitHub. Suggested changes should be submitted as pull requests at TBD. Editorial changes can be managed in GitHub, but any substantial issues need to be discussed on the COSE mailing list. ¶
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 12 September 2019. ¶
Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. ¶
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The CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) syntax does not define any direct methods for the use of hash algorithms. It also does not define a structure syntax that is used to encode a digested object structure along the lines of the DigestedData ASN.1 structure in [CMS]. This omission was intentional as a structure consisting of jut a digest identifier, the content, and a digest value does not by itself provide any strong security service. Additional, an application is going to be better off defining this type of structure so that it can add any additional data that needs to be hashed as well as methods of obtaining the data. ¶
While the above is true, there are some cases where having some standard hash algorithms defined for COSE with a common identifier makes a great deal of sense. Two of the cases where these are going to be used are: ¶
Indirect signing of content is a paradigm where the content is not directly signed, but instead a hash of the content is computed and that hash value, along with the hash algorithm, is included in the content that will be signed. Doing indirect signing allows for the a signature to be validated without first downloading all of the content associated with the signature. This capability can be of even grater importance in a constrained environment as not all of the content signed may be needed by the device. ¶
The use of hashes to identify objects is something that has been very common. One of the primary things that has been identified by a hash function for secure message is a certificate. Two examples of this can be found in [ESS] and the newly defined COSE equivalents in [I-D.ietf-cose-x509]. ¶
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. ¶
The SHA-1 hash algorithm [RFC3174] wsa designed by the United States National Security Agenciy and published in 1995. Since that time a large amount of cryptographic analysis has been applied to this algorithm and a successful collision attack has been created ([SHA-1-collision]). The IETF formally started discouraging the use of SHA-1 with the publishing of [RFC6194]. ¶
Dispite the above, there are still times where SHA-1 needs to be used and therefore it makes sense to assign a point for the use of this hash algorithm. Some of these situations are with historic HSMs where only SHA-1 is implemented or where the SHA-1 value is used for the purpose of filtering and thus the collision resistance property is not needed. ¶
Because of the known issues for SHA-1 and the fact that is should no longer be used, the algorithm will be registered with the recommendation of "Depreciated". ¶
| Name | Value | Description | Reference | Recommended |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHA-1 | TBD6 | SHA-1 Hash | [This Document] | Depreciated |
The family of SHA-2 hash algorithms [FIPS-180-4] was designed by the United States National Security Agency and published in 2001. Since that time some additional algorithms have been added to the original set to deal with length extension attacks and some performance issues. While the SHA-3 hash algorithms has been published since that time, the SHA-2 algorithms are still broadly used. ¶
There are a number of different parameters for the SHA-2 hash functions. The set of hash functions which have been chosen for inclusion in this document are based on those different parameters and some of the trade-offs involved. ¶
SHA-256/64 provides a truncated hash. The length of the truncation is designed to allow for smaller transmission size. The trade-off is that the odds that a collision will occur increase proportionally. Locations that use this hash function need either to analysis the potential problems with having a collision occur, or where the only function of the hash is to narrow the possible choices. ¶
The latter is the case for [I-D.ietf-cose-x509], the hash value is used to select possible certificates and, if there are multiple choices then, each choice can be tested by using the public key. ¶
| Name | Value | Description | Reference | Recommended |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHA-256/64 | TBD1 | SHA-2 256-bit Hash truncated to 64-bits | [This Document] | No |
| SHA-256 | TBD2 | SHA-2 256-bit Hash | [This Document] | Yes |
| SHA-384 | TBD3 | SHA-2 384-bit Hash | [This Document] | Yes |
| SHA-512 | TBD4 | SHA-2 512-bit Hash | [This Document] | Yes |
| SHA-512/256 | TBD5 | SHA-2 512-bit Hash truncated to 256-bits | [This Document] | Yes |
The family SHA-3 hash algorithms [FIPS-180-4] was the result of a competition run by NIST. The pair of algorithms known as SHAKE-128 and SHAKE-256 are the instances of SHA-3 that are currently being standardized in the IETF. ¶
The SHA-3 hash algorithms have a significantly different structure than the SHA-3 hash algorithms. One of the benefits of this differences is that when computing a truncated SHAKE hash value, the value is not a prefix of a longer version of the same value. ¶
MAYBE TEXT: Might not need to define truncated versions of this hash algorithm because the length of the resulting value is always going to generate a unique value since you cannot just truncate it like you can with SHA-1 and SHA-2. ¶
| Name | Value | Description | Reference | Recommended |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHAKE128 | TBD10 | 128-bit SHAKE | [This Document] | Yes |
| SHAKE256 | TBD11 | 256-bit SHAKE | [This Document] | Yes |
IANA is requested to register the following algorithms in the "COSE Algorithms" registry. ¶
Many of the hash values produced are relatively long and as such the use of a two byte algorithm identifier seems reasonable. SHA-1 is tagged as deprecated and thus a longer algorithm identifier is appropriate even though it is a shorter hash value. ¶
There are security considerations: ¶