| DOTS | M. Boucadair, Ed. |
| Internet-Draft | Orange |
| Intended status: Standards Track | T. Reddy, Ed. |
| Expires: January 28, 2021 | McAfee |
| E. Doron | |
| Radware Ltd. | |
| M. Chen | |
| CMCC | |
| J. Shallow | |
| July 27, 2020 |
Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Telemetry
draft-ietf-dots-telemetry-11
This document aims to enrich DOTS signal channel protocol with various telemetry attributes allowing optimal Distributed Denial-of-Service attack mitigation. It specifies the normal traffic baseline and attack traffic telemetry attributes a DOTS client can convey to its DOTS server in the mitigation request, the mitigation status telemetry attributes a DOTS server can communicate to a DOTS client, and the mitigation efficacy telemetry attributes a DOTS client can communicate to a DOTS server. The telemetry attributes can assist the mitigator to choose the DDoS mitigation techniques and perform optimal DDoS attack mitigation.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on January 28, 2021.
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become more sophisticated. IT organizations and service providers are facing DDoS attacks that fall into two broad categories:
To compound the problem, attackers also leverage multi-vectored attacks. These attacks are assembled from dynamic attack vectors (Network/Application) and tactics. As such, multiple attack vectors formed by multiple attack types and volumes are launched simultaneously towards a victim. Multi-vector attacks are harder to detect and defend. Multiple and simultaneous mitigation techniques are needed to defeat such attack campaigns. It is also common for attackers to change attack vectors right after a successful mitigation, burdening their opponents with changing their defense methods.
The conclusion derived from these real scenarios is that modern attacks detection and mitigation are most certainly complicated and highly convoluted tasks. They demand a comprehensive knowledge of the attack attributes, the targeted normal behavior (including, normal traffic patterns), as well as the attacker's on-going and past actions. Even more challenging, retrieving all the analytics needed for detecting these attacks is not simple to obtain with the industry's current capabilities.
The DOTS signal channel protocol [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] is used to carry information about a network resource or a network (or a part thereof) that is under a DDoS attack. Such information is sent by a DOTS client to one or multiple DOTS servers so that appropriate mitigation actions are undertaken on traffic deemed suspicious. Various use cases are discussed in [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases].
Typically, DOTS clients can be integrated within a DDoS attack detector, or network and security elements that have been actively engaged with ongoing attacks. The DOTS client mitigation environment determines that it is no longer possible or practical for it to handle these attacks. This can be due to a lack of resources or security capabilities, as derived from the complexities and the intensity of these attacks. In this circumstance, the DOTS client has invaluable knowledge about the actual attacks that need to be handled by its DOTS server(s). By enabling the DOTS client to share this comprehensive knowledge of an ongoing attack under specific circumstances, the DOTS server can drastically increase its ability to accomplish successful mitigation. While the attack is being handled by the DOTS server associated mitigation resources, the DOTS server has the knowledge about the ongoing attack mitigation. The DOTS server can share this information with the DOTS client so that the client can better assess and evaluate the actual mitigation realized.
DOTS clients can send mitigation hints derived from attack details to DOTS servers, with the full understanding that the DOTS server may ignore mitigation hints, as described in [RFC8612] (Gen-004). Mitigation hints will be transmitted across the DOTS signal channel, as the data channel may not be functional during an attack. How a DOTS server is handling normal and attack traffic attributes, and mitigation hints is implementation specific.
Both DOTS clients and servers can benefit this information by presenting various information in relevant management, reporting, and portal systems.
This document defines DOTS telemetry attributes that can be conveyed by DOTS clients to DOTS servers, and vice versa. The DOTS telemetry attributes are not mandatory attributes of the DOTS signal channel protocol [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]. Nevertheless, when DOTS telemetry attributes are available to a DOTS agent, and absent any policy, it can signal the attributes in order to optimize the overall mitigation service provisioned using DOTS.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
The reader should be familiar with the terms defined in [RFC8612].
"DOTS Telemetry" is defined as the collection of attributes that are used to characterize normal traffic baseline, attacks and their mitigation measures, and any related information that may help in enforcing countermeasures. The DOTS Telemetry is an optional set of attributes that can be signaled in the DOTS signal channel protocol.
Telemetry Setup Identifier (tsid) is an identifier that is generated by DOTS clients to uniquely identify DOTS telemetry setup configuration data.
Telemetry Identifier (tmid) is an identifier that is generated by DOTS clients to uniquely identify DOTS telemetry data that is communicated prior or during a mitigation.
The meaning of the symbols in YANG tree diagrams are defined in [RFC8340] and [RFC8791].
Timely and effective signaling of up-to-date DDoS telemetry to all elements involved in the mitigation process is essential and improves the overall DDoS mitigation service effectiveness. Bi-directional feedback between DOTS agents is required for an increased awareness of each party, supporting superior and highly efficient attack mitigation service.
When signaling a mitigation request, it is most certainly beneficial for DOTS clients to signal to DOTS servers any knowledge regarding ongoing attacks. This can happen in cases where DOTS clients are asking DOTS servers for support in defending against attacks that they have already detected and/or mitigated.
If attacks are already detected and categorized within a DOTS client domain, the DOTS server, and its associated mitigation services, can proactively benefit this information and optimize the overall service delivery. It is important to note that DOTS client domains and DOTS server domains detection and mitigation approaches can be different, and can potentially outcome different results and attack classifications. The DDoS mitigation service treats the ongoing attack details received from DOTS clients as hints and cannot completely rely or trust the attack details conveyed by DOTS clients.
A basic requirement of security operation teams is to be aware and get visibility into the attacks they need to handle. The DOTS server security operation teams benefit from the DOTS telemetry, especially from the reports of ongoing attacks. Even if some mitigation can be automated, operational teams can use the DOTS telemetry to be prepared for attack mitigation and to assign the correct resources (operation staff, networking and mitigation) for the specific service. Similarly, security operation personnel at the DOTS client side ask for feedback about their requests for protection. Therefore, it is valuable for DOTS servers to share DOTS telemetry with DOTS clients.
Mutual sharing of information is thus crucial for "closing the mitigation loop" between DOTS clients and servers. For the server side team, it is important to realize that the same attacks that the DOTS server's mitigation resources are seeing are those that a DOTS client is asking to mitigate. For the DOTS client side team, it is important to realize that the DOTS clients receive the required service. For example, understanding that "I asked for mitigation of two attacks and my DOTS server detects and mitigates only one of them". Cases of inconsistency in attack classification between DOTS clients and servers can be highlighted, and maybe handled, using the DOTS telemetry attributes.
In addition, management and orchestration systems, at both DOTS client and server sides, can use DOTS telemetry as a feedback to automate various control and management activities derived from signaled telemetry information.
If the DOTS server's mitigation resources have the capabilities to facilitate the DOTS telemetry, the DOTS server adapts its protection strategy and activates the required countermeasures immediately (automation enabled) for the sake of optimized attack mitigation decisions and actions.
DOTS telemetry can also be used to tune the DDoS mitigators with the correct state of an attack. During the last few years, DDoS attack detection technologies have evolved from threshold-based detection (that is, cases when all or specific parts of traffic cross a predefined threshold for a certain period of time is considered as an attack) to an "anomaly detection" approach. For the latter, it is required to maintain rigorous learning of "normal" behavior and where an "anomaly" (or an attack) is identified and categorized based on the knowledge about the normal behavior and a deviation from this normal behavior. Machine learning approaches are used such that the actual traffic thresholds are automatically calculated by learning the protected entity normal traffic behavior during idle time. The normal traffic characterization learned is referred to as the "normal traffic baseline". An attack is detected when the victim's actual traffic is deviating from this normal baseline.
In addition, subsequent activities toward mitigating an attack are much more challenging. The ability to distinguish legitimate traffic from attacker traffic on a per packet basis is complex. For example, a packet may look "legitimate" and no attack signature can be identified. The anomaly can be identified only after detailed statistical analysis. DDoS attack mitigators use the normal baseline during the mitigation of an attack to identify and categorize the expected appearance of a specific traffic pattern. Particularly, the mitigators use the normal baseline to recognize the "level of normality" needs to be achieved during the various mitigation process.
Normal baseline calculation is performed based on continuous learning of the normal behavior of the protected entities. The minimum learning period varies from hours to days and even weeks, depending on the protected application behavior. The baseline cannot be learned during active attacks because attack conditions do not characterize the protected entities' normal behavior.
If the DOTS client has calculated the normal baseline of its protected entities, signaling such information to the DOTS server along with the attack traffic levels is significantly valuable. The DOTS server benefits from this telemetry by tuning its mitigation resources with the DOTS client's normal baseline. The DOTS server mitigators use the baseline to familiarize themselves with the attack victim's normal behavior and target the baseline as the level of normality they need to achieve. Fed with this inforamtion, the overall mitigation performances is expected to be improved in terms of time to mitigate, accuracy, false-negative, and false-positive.
Mitigation of attacks without having certain knowledge of normal traffic can be inaccurate at best. This is especially true for recursive signaling (see Section 3.2.3 in [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases]). In addition, the highly diverse types of use cases where DOTS clients are integrated also emphasize the need for knowledge of each DOTS client domain behavior. Consequently, common global thresholds for attack detection practically cannot be realized. Each DOTS client domain can have its own levels of traffic and normal behavior. Without facilitating normal baseline signaling, it may be very difficult for DOTS servers in some cases to detect and mitigate the attacks accurately:
During a high volume attack, DOTS client pipes can be totally saturated. DOTS clients ask their DOTS servers to handle the attack upstream so that DOTS client pipes return to a reasonable load level (normal pattern, ideally). At this point, it is essential to ensure that the mitigator does not overwhelm the DOTS client pipes by sending back "clean traffic", or what it believes is "clean". This can happen when the mitigator has not managed to detect and mitigate all the attacks launched towards the DOTS client domain.
In this case, it can be valuable to DOTS clients to signal to DOTS servers the "total pipe capacity", which is the level of traffic the DOTS client domain can absorb from its upstream network. Dynamic updates of the condition of pipes between DOTS agents while they are under a DDoS attack is essential (e.g., where multiple DOTS clients share the same physical connectivity pipes). It is important to note that the term "pipe" noted here does not necessary represent physical pipe, but rather represents the maximum level of traffic that the DOTS client domain can receive. The DOTS server should activate other mechanisms to ensure it does not allow the DOTS client domain's pipes to be saturated unintentionally. The rate-limit action defined in [RFC8783] is a reasonable candidate to achieve this objective; the DOTS client can ask for the type(s) of traffic (such as ICMP, UDP, TCP port number 80) it prefers to limit. The rate-limit action can be controlled via the signal channel [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-filter-control] even when the pipe is overwhelmed.
This document specifies an extension to the DOTS signal channel protocol. Considerations about how to establish, maintain, and make use of the DOTS signal channel are specified in [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis].
Once the DOTS signal channel is established, DOTS clients that support the DOTS telemetry extension proceed with the telemetry setup configuration (e.g., measurement interval, telemetry notification interface, pipe capacity, normal traffic baseline) as detailed in Section 6. DOTS agents can then include DOTS telemetry attributes using the DOTS signal channel (Section 7.1). Typically, a DOTS client can use separate messages to share with its DOTS server(s) a set of telemetry data bound to an ongoing mitigation (Section 7.2). Also, a DOTS client that is interested to receive telemetry notifications related to some of its resources follows the procedure defined in Section 7.3. The DOTS client can then decide to send a mitigation request if the notified attack cannot be mitigated locally within the DOTS client domain.
Aggregate DOTS telemetry data can also be included in efficacy update (Section 8.1) or mitigation update (Section 8.2) messages.
Following the rules in Section 5.4.1 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis], a unique identifier is generated by a DOTS client to prevent request collisions ('cuid').
As a reminder, [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] forbids 'cuid' to be returned in a response message body.
DOTS gateways may be located between DOTS clients and servers. The considerations elaborated in Section 5.4.1 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] must be followed. In particular, 'cdid' attribute is used to unambiguously identify a DOTS client domain.
As a reminder, [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] forbids 'cdid' (if present) to be returned in a response message body.
Uri-Path parameters and attributes with empty values MUST NOT be present in a request and render an entire message invalid.
The DOTS server follows the same considerations discussed in Section of 5.5.3 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] for managing DOTS telemetry configuration freshness and notification.
Likewise, a DOTS client may control the selection of configuration and non-configuration data nodes when sending a GET request by means of the 'c' Uri-Query option and following the procedure specified in Section of 5.4.2 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]. These considerations are not reiterated in the following sections.
DOTS clients can use block wise transfer [RFC7959] with the recommendation detailed in Section 5.4.2 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] to control the size of a response when the data to be returned does not fit within a single datagram.
DOTS clients can also use CoAP Block1 Option in a PUT request (see Section 2.5 of [RFC7959]) to initiate large transfers, but these Block1 transfers will fail if the inbound "pipe" is running full, so consideration needs to be made to try to fit this PUT into a single transfer, or to separate out the PUT into several discrete PUTs where each of them fits into a single packet.
Block3 and Block 4 Options that are similar to the CoAP Block1 and Block2 Options, but enable faster transmissions of big blocks of data with less packet interchanges, are defined in [I-D.bosh-core-new-block]. DOTS implementations can consider the use of Block3 and Block 4 Options.
Multi-homed DOTS clients are assumed to follow the recommendations in [I-D.ietf-dots-multihoming] to select which DOTS server to contact and which IP prefixes to include in a telemetry message to a given peer DOTS server. For example, if each upstream network exposes a DOTS server and the DOTS client maintains DOTS channels with all of them, only the information related to prefixes assigned by an upstream network to the DOTS client domain will be signaled via the DOTS channel established with the DOTS server of that upstream network.
Considerations related to whether (and how) a DOTS client gleans some telemetry information (e.g., attack details) it receives from a first DOTS server and share it with a second DOTS server are implementation and deployment specific.
Telemetry messages exchanged between DOTS agents are serialized using Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC7049]. CBOR-encoded payloads are used to carry signal channel specific payload messages which convey request parameters and response information such as errors.
This document specifies a YANG module [RFC7950] for representing DOTS telemetry message types (Section 10.1). All parameters in the payload of the DOTS signal channel are mapped to CBOR types as specified in Section 11.
The DOTS telemetry module (Section 10.1) is not intended to be used via NETCONF/RESTCONF for DOTS server management purposes. It serves only to provide a data model and encoding following [RFC8791].
The DOTS telemetry module (Section 10.1) uses "enumerations" rather than "identities" to define units, samples, and intervals because otherwise the namespace identifier "ietf-dots-telemetry" must be included when a telemetry attribute is included (e.g., in a mitigation efficacy update). The use of "identities" is thus suboptimal from a message compactness standpoint.
Examples are provided for illustration purposes. The document does not aim to provide a comprehensive list of message examples.
The authoritative reference for validating telemetry messages is the YANG module (Section 10.1) and the mapping table established in Section 11.
+-----------------+----------------+-----------+
| Operation | Operation Path | Details |
+=================+================+===========+
| Telemetry Setup | /tm-setup | Section 6 |
| Telemetry | /tm | Section 7 |
+-----------------+----------------+-----------+
Table 1: DOTS Telemetry Operations
As discussed in Section 5.2 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis], each DOTS operation is indicated by a path suffix that indicates the intended operation. The operation path is appended to the path prefix to form the URI used with a CoAP request to perform the desired DOTS operation. The following telemetry path suffixes are defined (Table 1):
Consequently, the "ietf-dots-telemetry" YANG module defined in Section 10.1 defines data structure to represent new DOTS message types called 'telemetry-setup' and 'telemetry'. The tree structure is shown in Figure 1. More details are provided in Sections 6 and 7 about the exact structure of 'telemetry-setup' and 'telemetry' message types.
structure dots-telemetry:
+-- (telemetry-message-type)?
+--:(telemetry-setup)
| ...
| +-- telemetry* []
| ...
| +-- (setup-type)?
| +--:(telemetry-config)
| | ...
| +--:(pipe)
| | ...
| +--:(baseline)
| ...
+--:(telemetry)
...
Figure 1: New DOTS Message Types (YANG Tree Structure)
In reference to Figure 1, a DOTS telemetry setup message MUST include only telemetry-related configuration parameters (Section 6.1) or information about DOTS client domain pipe capacity (Section 6.2) or telemetry traffic baseline (Section 6.3). As such, requests that include a mix of telemetry configuration, pipe capacity, or traffic baseline MUST be rejected by DOTS servers with a 4.00 (Bad Request).
A DOTS client can reset all installed DOTS telemetry setup configuration data following the considerations detailed in Section 6.4.
A DOTS server may detect conflicts when processing requests related to DOTS client domain pipe capacity or telemetry traffic baseline with requests from other DOTS clients of the same DOTS client domain. More details are included in Section 6.5.
Telemetry setup configuration is bound to a DOTS client domain. DOTS servers MUST NOT expect DOTS clients to send regular requests to refresh the telemetry setup configuration. Any available telemetry setup configuration has a validity timeout of the DOTS association with a DOTS client domain. DOTS servers MUST NOT reset 'tsid' because a session failed with a DOTS client. DOTS clients update their telemetry setup configuration upon change of a parameter that may impact attack mitigation.
DOTS telemetry setup configuration request and response messages are marked as Confirmable messages (Section 2.1 of [RFC7252]).
A DOTS client can negotiate with its server(s) a set of telemetry configuration parameters to be used for telemetry. Such parameters include:
Section 11.3 of [RFC2330] includes more details about computing percentiles.
A GET request is used to obtain acceptable and current telemetry configuration parameters on the DOTS server. This request may include a 'cdid' Uri-Path when the request is relayed by a DOTS gateway. An example of such request is depicted in Figure 2.
Header: GET (Code=0.01) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm-setup" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Figure 2: GET to Retrieve Current and Acceptable DOTS Telemetry Configuration
Upon receipt of such request, and assuming no error is encountered by processing the request, the DOTS server replies with a 2.05 (Content) response that conveys the current and telemetry parameters acceptable by the DOTS server. The tree structure of the response message body is provided in Figure 3. Note that the response also includes any pipe (Section 6.2) and baseline information (Section 6.3) maintained by the DOTS server for this DOTS client.
DOTS servers that support the capability of sending telemetry information to DOTS clients prior or during a mitigation (Section 8.2) sets 'server-originated-telemetry' under 'max-config-values' to 'true' ('false' is used otherwise). If 'server-originated-telemetry' is not present in a response, this is equivalent to receiving a request with 'server-originated-telemetry' set to 'false'.
structure dots-telemetry:
+-- (telemetry-message-type)?
+--:(telemetry-setup)
| +-- (direction)?
| | +--:(server-to-client-only)
| | +-- max-config-values
| | | +-- measurement-interval? interval
| | | +-- measurement-sample? sample
| | | +-- low-percentile? percentile
| | | +-- mid-percentile? percentile
| | | +-- high-percentile? percentile
| | | +-- server-originated-telemetry? boolean
| | | +-- telemetry-notify-interval? uint32
| | +-- min-config-values
| | | +-- measurement-interval? interval
| | | +-- measurement-sample? sample
| | | +-- low-percentile? percentile
| | | +-- mid-percentile? percentile
| | | +-- high-percentile? percentile
| | | +-- telemetry-notify-interval? uint32
| | +-- supported-units
| | | +-- unit-config* [unit]
| | | +-- unit unit-type
| | | +-- unit-status boolean
| | +-- query-type* query-type
| +-- telemetry* []
| +-- (direction)?
| | +--:(server-to-client-only)
| | +-- tsid? uint32
| +-- (setup-type)?
| +--:(telemetry-config)
| | +-- current-config
| | +-- measurement-interval? interval
| | +-- measurement-sample? sample
| | +-- low-percentile? percentile
| | +-- mid-percentile? percentile
| | +-- high-percentile? percentile
| | +-- unit-config* [unit]
| | | +-- unit unit-type
| | | +-- unit-status boolean
| | +-- server-originated-telemetry? boolean
| | +-- telemetry-notify-interval? uint32
| +--:(pipe)
| | ...
| +--:(baseline)
| ...
+--:(telemetry)
...
Figure 3: Telemetry Configuration Tree Structure
When both 'min-config-values' and 'max-config-values' attributes are present, the values carried in 'max-config-values' attributes MUST be greater or equal to their counterpart in 'min-config-values' attributes.
PUT request is used to convey the configuration parameters for the telemetry data (e.g., low, mid, or high percentile values). For example, a DOTS client may contact its DOTS server to change the default percentile values used as baseline for telemetry data. Figure 3 lists the attributes that can be set by a DOTS client in such PUT request. An example of a DOTS client that modifies all percentile reference values is shown in Figure 4.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=123"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"current-config": {
"low-percentile": "5.00",
"mid-percentile": "65.00",
"high-percentile": "95.00"
}
}
]
}
}
Figure 4: PUT to Convey the DOTS Telemetry Configuration
'cuid' is a mandatory Uri-Path parameter for PUT requests.
The following additional Uri-Path parameter is defined:
'cuid' and 'tsid' MUST NOT appear in the PUT request message body.
At least one configurable attribute MUST be present in the PUT request.
The PUT request with a higher numeric 'tsid' value overrides the DOTS telemetry configuration data installed by a PUT request with a lower numeric 'tsid' value. To avoid maintaining a long list of 'tsid' requests for requests carrying telemetry configuration data from a DOTS client, the lower numeric 'tsid' MUST be automatically deleted and no longer be available at the DOTS server.
The DOTS server indicates the result of processing the PUT request using the following Response Codes:
By default, low percentile (10th percentile), mid percentile (50th percentile), high percentile (90th percentile), and peak (100th percentile) values are used to represent telemetry data. Nevertheless, a DOTS client can disable some percentile types (low, mid, high). In particular, setting 'low-percentile' to '0.00' indicates that the DOTS client is not interested in receiving low-percentiles. Likewise, setting 'mid-percentile' (or 'high-percentile') to the same value as 'low-percentile' (or 'mid-percentile') indicates that the DOTS client is not interested in receiving mid-percentiles (or high-percentiles). For example, a DOTS client can send the request depicted in Figure 5 to inform the server that it is interested in receiving only high-percentiles. This assumes that the client will only use that percentile type when sharing telemetry data with the server.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=569"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"current-config": {
"low-percentile": "0.00",
"mid-percentile": "0.00",
"high-percentile": "95.00"
}
}
]
}
}
Figure 5: PUT to Disable Low- and Mid-Percentiles
DOTS clients can also configure the unit type(s) to be used for traffic-related telemetry data. Typically, the supported unit types are: packets per second, bits per second, and bytes per second.
DOTS clients that are interested to receive pre or ongoing mitigation telemetry (pre-or-ongoing-mitigation) information from a DOTS server (Section 8.2) MUST set 'server-originated-telemetry' to 'true'. If 'server-originated-telemetry' is not present in a PUT request, this is equivalent to receiving a request with 'server-originated-telemetry' set to 'false'. An example of a request to enable pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry from DOTS servers is shown in Figure 6.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=569"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"current-config": {
"server-originated-telemetry": true
}
}
]
}
}
Figure 6: PUT to Enable Pre-or-ongoing-mitigation Telemetry from the DOTS server
A DOTS client may issue a GET message with 'tsid' Uri-Path parameter to retrieve the current DOTS telemetry configuration. An example of such request is depicted in Figure 7.
Header: GET (Code=0.01) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm-setup" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Uri-Path: "tsid=123"
Figure 7: GET to Retrieve Current DOTS Telemetry Configuration
If the DOTS server does not find the 'tsid' Uri-Path value conveyed in the GET request in its configuration data for the requesting DOTS client, it MUST respond with a 4.04 (Not Found) error Response Code.
A DELETE request is used to delete the installed DOTS telemetry configuration data (Figure 8). 'cuid' and 'tsid' are mandatory Uri-Path parameters for such DELETE requests.
Header: DELETE (Code=0.04) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm-setup" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Uri-Path: "tsid=123"
Figure 8: Delete Telemetry Configuration
The DOTS server resets the DOTS telemetry configuration back to the default values and acknowledges a DOTS client's request to remove the DOTS telemetry configuration using 2.02 (Deleted) Response Code. A 2.02 (Deleted) Response Code is returned even if the 'tsid' parameter value conveyed in the DELETE request does not exist in its configuration data before the request.
Section 6.4 discusses the procedure to reset all DOTS telemetry setup configuration.
A DOTS client can communicate to the DOTS server(s) its DOTS client domain pipe information. The tree structure of the pipe information is shown in Figure 9.
structure dots-telemetry:
+-- (telemetry-message-type)?
+--:(telemetry-setup)
| ...
| +-- telemetry* []
| +-- (direction)?
| | +--:(server-to-client-only)
| | +-- tsid? uint32
| +-- (setup-type)?
| +--:(telemetry-config)
| | ...
| +--:(pipe)
| | +-- total-pipe-capacity* [link-id unit]
| | +-- link-id nt:link-id
| | +-- capacity uint64
| | +-- unit unit
| +--:(baseline)
| ...
+--:(telemetry)
...
Figure 9: Pipe Tree Structure
A DOTS client domain pipe is defined as a list of limits of (incoming) traffic volume ('total-pipe-capacity') that can be forwarded over ingress interconnection links of a DOTS client domain. Each of these links is identified with a 'link-id' [RFC8345].
The unit used by a DOTS client when conveying pipe information is captured in 'unit' attribute.
Similar considerations to those specified in Section 6.1.2 are followed with one exception:
DOTS clients SHOULD minimize the number of active 'tsids' used for pipe information. Typically, in order to avoid maintaining a long list of 'tsids' for pipe information, it is RECOMMENDED that DOTS clients include in any request to update information related to a given link the information of other links (already communicated using a lower 'tsid' value). Doing so, this update request will override these existing requests and hence optimize the number of 'tsid' request per DOTS client.
For example, a DOTS client managing a single homed domain (Figure 10) can send a PUT request (shown in Figure 11) to communicate the capacity of "link1" used to connect to its ISP.
,--,--,--. ,--,--,--.
,-' `-. ,-' `-.
( DOTS Client )=====( ISP#A )
`-. Domain ,-' link1 `-. ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
Figure 10: Single Homed DOTS Client Domain
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=457"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"total-pipe-capacity": [
{
"link-id": "link1",
"capacity": "500",
"unit": "megabit-ps"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 11: Example of a PUT Request to Convey Pipe Information (Single Homed)
DOTS clients may be instructed to signal a link aggregate instead of individual links. For example, a DOTS client that manages a DOTS client domain having two interconnection links with an upstream ISP (Figure 12) can send a PUT request (shown in Figure 13) to communicate the aggregate link capacity with its ISP. Signalling individual or aggregate link capacity is deployment specific.
,--,--,--. ,--,--,--.
,-' `-.===== ,-' `-.
( DOTS Client ) ( ISP#C )
`-. Domain ,-'====== `-. ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
Figure 12: DOTS Client Domain with Two Interconnection Links
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=896"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"total-pipe-capacity": [
{
"link-id": "aggregate",
"capacity": "700",
"unit": "megabit-ps"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 13: Example of a PUT Request to Convey Pipe Information (Aggregated Link)
Now consider that the DOTS client domain was upgraded to connect to an additional ISP (e.g., ISP#B of Figure 14), the DOTS client can inform a third-party DOTS server (that is, not hosted with ISP#A and ISP#B domains) about this update by sending the PUT request depicted in Figure 15. This request also includes information related to "link1" even if that link is not upgraded. Upon receipt of this request, the DOTS server removes the request with 'tsid=457' and updates its configuration base to maintain two links (link#1 and link#2).
,--,--,--.
,-' `-.
( ISP#B )
`-. ,-'
`--'--'--'
||
|| link2
,--,--,--. ,--,--,--.
,-' `-. ,-' `-.
( DOTS Client )=====( ISP#A )
`-. Domain ,-' link1 `-. ,-'
`--'--'--' `--'--'--'
Figure 14: Multi-Homed DOTS Client Domain
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=458"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"total-pipe-capacity": [
{
"link-id": "link1",
"capacity": "500",
"unit": "megabit-ps"
},
{
"link-id": "link2",
"capacity": "500",
"unit": "megabit-ps"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 15: Example of a PUT Request to Convey Pipe Information (Multi-Homed)
A DOTS client can delete a link by sending a PUT request with the 'capacity' attribute set to "0" if other links are still active for the same DOTS client domain (see Section 6.2.3 for other delete cases). For example, if a DOTS client domain re-homes (that is, it changes its ISP), the DOTS client can inform its DOTS server about this update (e.g., from the network configuration in Figure 10 to the one shown in Figure 16) by sending the PUT request depicted in Figure 17. Upon receipt of this request, and assuming no error is encountered when processing the request, the DOTS server removes "link1" from its configuration bases for this DOTS client domain. Note that if the DOTS server receives a PUT request with a 'capacity' attribute set to "0" for all included links, it MUST reject the request with a 4.00 (Bad Request).
,--,--,--.
,-' `-.
( ISP#B )
`-. ,-'
`--'--'--'
||
|| link2
,--,--,--.
,-' `-.
( DOTS Client )
`-. Domain ,-'
`--'--'--'
Figure 16: Multi-Homed DOTS Client Domain
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=459"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"total-pipe-capacity": [
{
"link-id": "link1",
"capacity": "0",
"unit": "megabit-ps"
},
{
"link-id": "link2",
"capacity": "500",
"unit": "megabit-ps"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 17: Example of a PUT Request to Convey Pipe Information (Multi-Homed)
A GET request with 'tsid' Uri-Path parameter is used to retrieve a specific installed DOTS client domain pipe related information. The same procedure as defined in Section 6.1.3 is followed.
To retrieve all pipe information bound to a DOTS client, the DOTS client proceeds as specified in Section 6.1.1.
A DELETE request is used to delete the installed DOTS client domain pipe related information. The same procedure as defined in Section 6.1.4 is followed.
A DOTS client can communicate to its DOTS server(s) its normal traffic baseline and connections capacity:
The tree structure of the normal traffic baseline is shown in Figure 18.
structure dots-telemetry:
+-- (telemetry-message-type)?
+--:(telemetry-setup)
| ...
| +-- telemetry* []
| +-- (direction)?
| | +--:(server-to-client-only)
| | +-- tsid? uint32
| +-- (setup-type)?
| +--:(telemetry-config)
| | ...
| +--:(pipe)
| | ...
| +--:(baseline)
| +-- baseline* [id]
| +-- id
| | uint32
| +-- target-prefix*
| | inet:ip-prefix
| +-- target-port-range* [lower-port]
| | +-- lower-port inet:port-number
| | +-- upper-port? inet:port-number
| +-- target-protocol* uint8
| +-- target-fqdn*
| | inet:domain-name
| +-- target-uri*
| | inet:uri
| +-- alias-name*
| | string
| +-- total-traffic-normal* [unit]
| | +-- unit unit
| | +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- total-traffic-normal-per-protocol*
| | [unit protocol]
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- unit unit
| | +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- total-traffic-normal-per-port* [unit port]
| | +-- port inet:port-number
| | +-- unit unit
| | +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- total-connection-capacity* [protocol]
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? uint64
| | +-- connection-client? uint64
| | +-- embryonic? uint64
| | +-- embryonic-client? uint64
| | +-- connection-ps? uint64
| | +-- connection-client-ps? uint64
| | +-- request-ps? uint64
| | +-- request-client-ps? uint64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? uint64
| | +-- partial-request-client-ps? uint64
| +-- total-connection-capacity-per-port*
| [protocol port]
| +-- port
| | inet:port-number
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- connection? uint64
| +-- connection-client? uint64
| +-- embryonic? uint64
| +-- embryonic-client? uint64
| +-- connection-ps? uint64
| +-- connection-client-ps? uint64
| +-- request-ps? uint64
| +-- request-client-ps? uint64
| +-- partial-request-ps? uint64
| +-- partial-request-client-ps? uint64
+--:(telemetry)
...
Figure 18: Telemetry Baseline Tree Structure
Similar considerations to those specified in Section 6.1.2 are followed with one exception:
Two PUT requests from a DOTS client have overlapping targets if there is a common IP address, IP prefix, FQDN, URI, or alias-name. Also, two PUT requests from a DOTS client have overlapping targets if the addresses associated with the FQDN, URI, or alias are overlapping with each other or with 'target-prefix'.
DOTS clients SHOULD minimize the number of active 'tsids' used for baseline information. Typically, in order to avoid maintaining a long list of 'tsids' for baseline information, it is RECOMMENDED that DOTS clients include in a request to update information related to a given target, the information of other targets (already communicated using a lower 'tsid' value) (assuming this fits within one single datagram). This update request will override these existing requests and hence optimize the number of 'tsid' request per DOTS client.
If no target clause is included in the request, this is an indication that the baseline information applies for the DOTS client domain as a whole.
An example of a PUT request to convey the baseline information is shown in Figure 19.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=126"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"baseline": [
{
"id": 1,
"target-prefix": [
"2001:db8:6401::1/128",
"2001:db8:6401::2/128"
],
"total-traffic-normal": [
{
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"peak-g": "60"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 19: PUT to Convey the DOTS Traffic Baseline
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm-setup"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tsid=128"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry-setup": {
"telemetry": [
{
"baseline": [
{
"id": 1,
"target-prefix": [
"2001:db8:6401::1/128",
"2001:db8:6401::2/128"
],
"total-traffic-normal-per-protocol": [
{
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"protocol": 6,
"peak-g": "50"
},
{
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"protocol": 17,
"peak-g": "10"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 20: PUT to Convey the DOTS Traffic Baseline (2)
The DOTS client may share protocol specific baseline information (e.g., TCP and UDP) as shown in Figure 19.
The normal traffic baseline information should be updated to reflect legitimate overloads (e.g., flash crowds) to prevent unnecessary mitigation.
A GET request with 'tsid' Uri-Path parameter is used to retrieve a specific installed DOTS client domain baseline traffic information. The same procedure as defined in Section 6.1.3 is followed.
To retrieve all baseline information bound to a DOTS client, the DOTS client proceeds as specified in Section 6.1.1.
A DELETE request is used to delete the installed DOTS client domain normal traffic baseline. The same procedure as defined in Section 6.1.4 is followed.
Upon bootstrapping (or reboot or any other event that may alter the DOTS client setup), a DOTS client MAY send a DELETE request to set the telemetry parameters to default values. Such a request does not include any 'tsid'. An example of such request is depicted in Figure 21.
Header: DELETE (Code=0.04) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm-setup" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Figure 21: Delete Telemetry Configuration
A DOTS server may detect conflicts between requests to convey pipe and baseline information received from DOTS clients of the same DOTS client domain. 'conflict-information' is used to report the conflict to the DOTS client following similar conflict handling discussed in Section 5.4.1 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]. The conflict cause can be set to one of these values:
There are two broad types of DDoS attacks, one is bandwidth consuming attack, the other is target resource consuming attack. This section outlines the set of DOTS telemetry attributes (Section 7.1) that covers both the types of attacks. The objective of these attributes is to allow for the complete knowledge of attacks and the various particulars that can best characterize attacks.
The "ietf-dots-telemetry" YANG module (Section 10.1) defines the data structure of a new message type called 'telemetry'. The tree structure of the 'telemetry' message type is shown in Figure 24.
The pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry attributes are indicated by the path suffix '/tm'. The '/tm' is appended to the path prefix to form the URI used with a CoAP request to signal the DOTS telemetry. Pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry attributes specified in Section 7.1 can be signaled between DOTS agents.
Pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry attributes may be sent by a DOTS client or a DOTS server.
DOTS agents SHOULD bind pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry data with mitigation requests relying upon the target clause. In particular, a telemetry PUT request sent after a mitigation request may include a reference to that mitigation request ('mid-list') as shown in Figure 22. An example illustrating requests correlation by means of 'target-prefix' is shown in Figure 23.
When generating telemetry data to send to a peer, the DOTS agent MUST auto-scale so that appropriate unit(s) are used.
+-----------+ +-----------+
|DOTS client| |DOTS server|
+-----------+ +-----------+
| |
|=========Mitigation Request (mid)=====================>|
| |
|================ Telemetry (mid-list{mid})============>|
| |
Figure 22: Example of Request Correlation using 'mid'
+-----------+ +-----------+
|DOTS client| |DOTS server|
+-----------+ +-----------+
| |
|<=============== Telemetry (target-prefix)=============|
| |
|=========Mitigation Request (target-prefix)===========>|
| |
Figure 23: Example of Request Correlation using Target Prefix
DOTS agents MUST NOT send pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry notifications to the same peer more frequently than once every 'telemetry-notify-interval' (Section 6.1). If a telemetry notification is sent using a block-like transfer mechanism (e.g., [I-D.bosh-core-new-block]), this rate limit policy MUST NOT consider these individual blocks as separate notifications, but as a single notification.
DOTS pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry request and response messages MUST be marked as Non-Confirmable messages (Section 2.1 of [RFC7252]).
structure dots-telemetry:
+-- (telemetry-message-type)?
+--:(telemetry-setup)
| ...
| +-- telemetry* []
| +-- (direction)?
| | +--:(server-to-client-only)
| | +-- tsid? uint32
| +-- (setup-type)?
| +--:(telemetry-config)
| | ...
| +--:(pipe)
| | ...
| +--:(baseline)
| ...
+--:(telemetry)
+-- pre-or-ongoing-mitigation* []
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- tmid? uint32
+-- target
| ...
+-- total-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection-port
| ...
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
...
Figure 24: Telemetry Message Type Tree Structure
The description and motivation behind each attribute are presented in Section 3. DOTS telemetry attributes are optionally signaled and therefore MUST NOT be treated as mandatory fields in the DOTS signal channel protocol.
A target resource (Figure 25) is identified using the attributes 'target-prefix', 'target-port-range', 'target-protocol', 'target-fqdn', 'target-uri', 'alias-name', or a pointer to a mitigation request ('mid-list').
+--:(telemetry)
+-- pre-or-ongoing-mitigation* []
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- tmid? uint32
+-- target
| +-- target-prefix* inet:ip-prefix
| +-- target-port-range* [lower-port]
| | +-- lower-port inet:port-number
| | +-- upper-port? inet:port-number
| +-- target-protocol* uint8
| +-- target-fqdn* inet:domain-name
| +-- target-uri* inet:uri
| +-- alias-name* string
| +-- mid-list* uint32
+-- total-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection-port
| ...
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
...
Figure 25: Target Tree Structure
At least one of the attributes 'target-prefix', 'target-fqdn', 'target-uri', 'alias-name', or 'mid-list' MUST be present in the target definition.
If the target is subjected to bandwidth consuming attack, the attributes representing the percentile values of the 'attack-id' attack traffic are included.
If the target is subjected to resource consuming DDoS attacks, the same attributes defined for Section 7.1.4 are applicable for representing the attack.
This is an optional subattribute.
The 'total-traffic' attribute (Figure 26) conveys the percentile values of total traffic observed during a DDoS attack. More granular total traffic can be conveyed in 'total-traffic-protocol' and 'total-traffic-port'.
The 'total-traffic-protocol' represents the total traffic for a target and is transport-protocol specific.
The 'total-traffic-port' represents the total traffic for a target per port number.
+--:(telemetry)
+-- pre-or-ongoing-mitigation* []
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- tmid? uint32
+-- target
| ...
+-- total-traffic* [unit]
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-traffic-port* [unit port]
| +-- port inet:port-number
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection-port
| ...
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
...
Figure 26: Total Traffic Tree Structure
The 'total-attack-traffic' attribute (Figure 27) conveys the total attack traffic identified by the DOTS client domain's DDoS Mitigation System (or DDoS Detector). More granular total traffic can be conveyed in 'total-attack-traffic-protocol' and 'total-attack-traffic-port'.
The 'total-attack-traffic-protocol' represents the total attack traffic for a target and is transport-protocol specific.
The 'total-attack-traffic-port' represents the total attack traffic for a target per port number.
+--:(telemetry)
+-- pre-or-ongoing-mitigation* []
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- tmid? uint32
+-- target
| ...
+-- total-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| +-- protocol? uint8
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-traffic-port* [unit port]
| +-- port inet:port-number
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-connection
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection-port
| ...
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
...
Figure 27: Total Attack Traffic Tree Structure
+--:(telemetry)
+-- pre-or-ongoing-mitigation* []
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- tmid? uint32
+-- target
| ...
+-- total-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection
| +-- low-percentile-l* [protocol]
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-l* [protocol]
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-l* [protocol]
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-l* [protocol]
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-connection-port
| +-- low-percentile-l* [protocol port]
| | +-- port inet:port-number
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-l* [protocol port]
| | +-- port inet:port-number
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-l* [protocol port]
| | +-- port inet:port-number
| | +-- protocol uint8
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-l* [protocol port]
| +-- port inet:port-number
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
...
Figure 28: Total Attack Connections Tree Structure
If the target is subjected to resource consuming DDoS attack, the 'total-attack-connection' attribute is used to convey the percentile values of total attack connections. The following optional subattributes for the target per transport protocol are included to represent the attack characteristics:
The total attack connections per port number is represented using 'total-attack-connection-port' attribute.
This attribute (Figure 29) is used to signal a set of details characterizing an attack. The following subattributes describing the ongoing attack can be signal as attack details.
+--:(telemetry)
+-- pre-or-ongoing-mitigation* []
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- tmid? uint32
+-- target
| ...
+-- total-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-protocol* [unit protocol]
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic-port* [unit port]
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection
| ...
+-- total-attack-connection-port
| ...
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
+-- vendor-id uint32
+-- attack-id uint32
+-- attack-description? string
+-- attack-severity? attack-severity
+-- start-time? uint64
+-- end-time? uint64
+-- source-count
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- top-talker
+-- talker* [source-prefix]
+-- spoofed-status? boolean
+-- source-prefix inet:ip-prefix
+-- source-port-range* [lower-port]
| +-- lower-port inet:port-number
| +-- upper-port? inet:port-number
+-- source-icmp-type-range* [lower-type]
| +-- lower-type uint8
| +-- upper-type? uint8
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-connection
+-- low-percentile-l* [protocol]
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- mid-percentile-l* [protocol]
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- high-percentile-l* [protocol]
| +-- protocol uint8
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- peak-l* [protocol]
+-- protocol uint8
+-- connection? yang:gauge64
+-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
+-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
Figure 29: Attack Detail Tree Structure
In order to optimize the size of telemetry data conveyed over the DOTS signal channel, DOTS agents MAY use the DOTS data channel [RFC8783] to exchange vendor specific attack mapping details (that is, {vendor identifier, attack identifier} ==> attack description). As such, DOTS agents do not have to convey systematically an attack description in their telemetry messages over the DOTS signal channel.
Multiple mappings for different vendor identifiers may be used; the DOTS agent transmitting telemetry information can elect to use one or more vendor mappings even in the same telemetry message.
DOTS clients and servers may be provided with mappings from different vendors and so have their own different sets of vendor attack mappings. A DOTS agent MUST accept receipt of telemetry data with a vendor identifier that is different to the one it uses to transmit telemetry data. Furthermore, it is possible that the DOTS client and DOTS server are provided by the same vendor, but the vendor mapping tables are at different revisions. The DOTS client SHOULD transmit telemetry information using the vendor mapping(s) that it provided to the DOTS server and the DOTS server SHOULD use the vendor mappings(s) provided to the DOTS client when transmitting telemetry data to peer DOTS agent.
The "ietf-dots-mapping" YANG module defined in Section 10.2 augments the "ietf-dots-data-channel" [RFC8783]. The tree structure of this module is shown in Figure 30.
module: ietf-dots-mapping
augment /ietf-data:dots-data/ietf-data:dots-client:
+--rw vendor-mapping {dots-telemetry}?
+--rw vendor* [vendor-id]
+--rw vendor-id uint32
+--rw vendor-name? string
+--rw last-updated uint64
+--rw attack-mapping* [attack-id]
+--rw attack-id uint32
+--rw attack-description string
augment /ietf-data:dots-data/ietf-data:capabilities:
+--ro vendor-mapping-enabled? boolean {dots-telemetry}?
augment /ietf-data:dots-data:
+--ro vendor-mapping {dots-telemetry}?
+--ro vendor* [vendor-id]
+--ro vendor-id uint32
+--ro vendor-name? string
+--ro last-updated uint64
+--ro attack-mapping* [attack-id]
+--ro attack-id uint32
+--ro attack-description string
Figure 30: Vendor Attack Mapping Tree Structure
A DOTS client sends a GET request to retrieve the capabilities supported by a DOTS server as per Section 7.1 of [RFC8783]. This request is meant to assess whether vendor attack mapping details feature is supported by the server (i.e., check the value of 'vendor-mapping-enabled').
If 'vendor-mapping-enabled' is set to 'true', A DOTS client MAY send a GET request to retrieve the DOTS server's vendor attack mapping details. An example of such GET request is shown in Figure 31.
GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
/ietf-dots-mapping:vendor-mapping HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Accept: application/yang-data+json
Figure 31: GET to Retrieve the Vendor Attack Mappings of a DOTS Server
A DOTS client MAY retrieve only the list of vendors supported by the DOTS server. It does so by setting the "depth" parameter (Section 4.8.2 of [RFC8040]) to "3" in the GET request as shown in Figure 32. An example of a response body received from the DOTS server as a response to such request is illustrated in Figure 33.
GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
/ietf-dots-mapping:vendor-mapping?depth=3 HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Accept: application/yang-data+json
Figure 32: GET to Retrieve the Vendors List used by a DOTS Server
{
"ietf-dots-mapping:vendor-mapping": {
"vendor": [
{
"vendor-id": 1234,
"vendor-name": "mitigator-s",
"last-updated": "1576856561",
"attack-mapping": []
}
]
}
}
Figure 33: Response to a GET to Retrieve the Vendors List used by a DOTS Server
The DOTS client reiterates the above procedure regularly (e.g., once a week) to update the DOTS server's vendor attack mapping details.
If the DOTS client concludes that the DOTS server does not have any reference to the specific vendor attack mapping details, the DOTS client uses a POST request to install its vendor attack mapping details. An example of such POST request is depicted in Figure 34.
POST /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
/dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Type: application/yang-data+json
{
"ietf-dots-mapping:vendor-mapping": {
"vendor": [
{
"vendor-id": 345,
"vendor-name": "mitigator-c",
"last-updated": "1576812345",
"attack-mapping": [
{
"attack-id": 1,
"attack-description":
"Include a description of this attack"
},
{
"attack-id": 2,
"attack-description":
"Again, include a description of the attack"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 34: POST to Install Vendor Attack Mapping Details
The DOTS server indicates the result of processing the POST request using the status-line. Concretely, "201 Created" status-line MUST be returned in the response if the DOTS server has accepted the vendor attack mapping details. If the request is missing a mandatory attribute or contains an invalid or unknown parameter, "400 Bad Request" status-line MUST be returned by the DOTS server in the response. The error-tag is set to "missing-attribute", "invalid-value", or "unknown-element" as a function of the encountered error.
If the request is received via a server-domain DOTS gateway, but the DOTS server does not maintain a 'cdid' for this 'cuid' while a 'cdid' is expected to be supplied, the DOTS server MUST reply with "403 Forbidden" status-line and the error-tag "access-denied". Upon receipt of this message, the DOTS client MUST register (Section 5.1 of [RFC8783]).
The DOTS client uses the PUT request to modify its vendor attack mapping details maintained by the DOTS server (e.g., add a new mapping).
A DOTS client uses a GET request to retrieve its vendor attack mapping details as maintained by the DOTS server (Figure 35).
GET /restconf/data/ietf-dots-data-channel:dots-data\
/dots-client=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw\
/ietf-dots-mapping:vendor-mapping?\
content=all HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Accept: application/yang-data+json
Figure 35: GET to Retrieve Installed Vendor Attack Mapping Details
When conveying attack details in DOTS telemetry messages (Sections 7.2, 7.3, and 8), DOTS agents MUST NOT include 'attack-description' attribute except if the corresponding attack mapping details were not shared with the peer DOTS agent.
DOTS clients uses PUT request to signal pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry to DOTS servers. An example of such request is shown in Figure 36.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tmid=123"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry": {
"pre-or-ongoing-mitigation": [
{
"target": {
"target-prefix": [
"2001:db8::1/128"
]
},
"total-attack-traffic-protocol": [
{
"protocol": 17,
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"mid-percentile-g": "900"
}
],
"attack-detail": [
{
"vendor-id": 1234,
"attack-id": 77,
"start-time": "1957811234",
"attack-severity": "high"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 36: PUT to Send Pre-or-Ongoing-Mitigation Telemetry
'cuid' is a mandatory Uri-Path parameter for PUT requests.
The following additional Uri-Path parameter is defined:
'cuid' and 'tmid' MUST NOT appear in the PUT request message body.
At least 'target' attribute and another pre-or-ongoing-mitigation attributes (Section 7.1) MUST be present in the PUT request. If only the 'target' attribute is present, this request is handled as per Section 7.3.
The relative order of two PUT requests carrying DOTS pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry from a DOTS client is determined by comparing their respective 'tmid' values. If such two requests have overlapping 'target', the PUT request with higher numeric 'tmid' value will override the request with a lower numeric 'tmid' value. The overlapped lower numeric 'tmid' MUST be automatically deleted and no longer be available.
The DOTS server indicates the result of processing a PUT request using CoAP Response Codes. In particular, the 2.04 (Changed) Response Code is returned if the DOTS server has accepted the pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry. The 5.03 (Service Unavailable) Response Code is returned if the DOTS server has erred. 5.03 uses Max-Age Option to indicate the number of seconds after which to retry.
How long a DOTS server maintains a 'tmid' as active or logs the enclosed telemetry information is implementation specific. Note that if a 'tmid’ is still active, then logging details are updated by the DOTS server as a function of the updates received from the peer DOTS client.
A DOTS client that lost the state of its active 'tmids' or has to set 'tmid' back to zero (e.g., crash or restart) MUST send a GET request to the DOTS server to retrieve the list of active 'tmid'. The DOTS client may then delete 'tmids' that should not be active anymore (Figure 37). Sending a DELETE with no 'tmid' indicates that all 'tmids' must be deactivated (Figure 38).
Header: DELETE (Code=0.04) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Uri-Path: "tmid=123"
Figure 37: Delete a Pre-or-Ongoing-Mitigation Telemetry
Header: DELETE (Code=0.04) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Figure 38: Delete All Pre-or-Ongoing-Mitigation Telemetry
The pre-or-ongoing-mitigation (attack details, in particular) can also be signaled from DOTS servers to DOTS clients. For example, the DOTS server co-located with a DDoS detector collects monitoring information from the target network, identifies DDoS attack using statistical analysis or deep learning techniques, and signals the attack details to the DOTS client.
The DOTS client can use the attack details to decide whether to trigger a DOTS mitigation request or not. Furthermore, the security operation personnel at the DOTS client domain can use the attack details to determine the protection strategy and select the appropriate DOTS server for mitigating the attack.
In order to receive pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry notifications from a DOTS server, a DOTS client MUST send a PUT (followed by a GET) with the target filter. An example of such PUT request is shown in Figure 39. In order to avoid maintaining a long list of such requests, it is RECOMMENDED that DOTS clients include all targets in the same request. DOTS servers may be instructed to restrict the number of pre-or-ongoing-mitigation requests per DOTS client domain. This request MUST be maintained active by the DOTS server until a delete request is received from the same DOTS client to clear this pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry.
The relative order of two PUT requests carrying DOTS pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry from a DOTS client is determined by comparing their respective 'tmid' values. If such two requests have overlapping 'target', the PUT request with higher numeric 'tmid' value will override the request with a lower numeric 'tmid' value. The overlapped lower numeric 'tmid' MUST be automatically deleted and no longer be available.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "tm"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "tmid=567"
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry": {
"pre-or-ongoing-mitigation": [
{
"target": {
"target-prefix": [
"2001:db8::/32"
]
}
}
]
}
}
Figure 39: PUT to Request Pre-or-Ongoing-Mitigation Telemetry
DOTS clients of the same domain can request to receive pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry bound to the same target.
The DOTS client conveys the Observe Option set to '0' in the GET request to receive asynchronous notifications carrying pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry data from the DOTS server. The GET request specifies a 'tmid' (Figure 40) or not (Figure 41).
Header: GET (Code=0.01) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Uri-Path: "tmid=567" Observe: 0
Figure 40: GET to Subscribe to Telemetry Asynchronous Notifications for a Specific 'tmid'
Header: GET (Code=0.01) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Observe: 0
Figure 41: GET to Subscribe to Telemetry Asynchronous Notifications for All 'tmids'
The DOTS client can filter out the asynchronous notifications from the DOTS server by indicating one or more Uri-Query options in its GET request. A Uri-Query option can include the following parameters: 'target-prefix', 'target-port', 'target-protocol', 'target-fqdn', 'target-uri', 'alias-name', 'mid', and 'c' (content) (Section 4.2.4). Furthermore:
DOTS clients may also filter out the asynchronous notifications from the DOTS server by indicating a specific source information. To that aim, a DOTS client may include 'source-prefix', 'source-port', or 'source-icmp-type' in a Uri-Query option. The same considerations (ranges, multiple values) specified for target clauses apply for source clauses. Special care SHOULD be taken when using these filters as some attacks may be hidden to the requesting DOTS client (e.g., the attack changes its source information).
Requests with invalid query types (e.g., not supported, malformed) by the DOTS server MUST be rejected by DOTS servers with a 4.00 (Bad Request).
An example of request to subscribe to asynchronous UDP telemetry notifications is shown in Figure 42. This filter will be applied for all 'tmids'.
Header: GET (Code=0.01) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "tm" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Uri-Query: "target-protocol=17" Observe: 0
Figure 42: GET Request to Receive Telemetry Asynchronous Notifications Filtered using Uri-Query
The DOTS server will send asynchronous notifications to the DOTS client when an attack event is detected following similar considerations as in Section 5.4.2.1 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]. An example of a pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry notification is shown in Figure 43.
{
"ietf-dots-telemetry:telemetry": {
"pre-or-ongoing-mitigation": [
{
"tmid": 567,
"target": {
"target-prefix": [
"2001:db8::1/128"
]
},
"target-protocol": [
17
],
"total-attack-traffic": [
{
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"mid-percentile-g": "900"
}
],
"attack-detail": [
{
"vendor-id": 1234,
"attack-id": 77,
"start-time": "1957818434",
"attack-severity": "high"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 43: Message Body of a Pre-or-Ongoing-Mitigation Telemetry Notification from the DOTS Server
A DOTS server sends the aggregate data for a target using 'total-attack-traffic' attribute. The aggregate assumes that Uri-Query filters are applied on the target. The DOTS server MAY include more granular data when needed (that is, 'total-attack-traffic-protocol' and 'total-attack-traffic-port'). If a port filter (or protocol filter) is included in a request, 'total-attack-traffic-protocol' (or 'total-attack-traffic-port') conveys the data with the port (or protocol) filter applied.
A DOTS server may aggregate pre-or-ongoing-mitigation data (e.g., 'top-talkers') for all targets of a domain, or when justified, send specific information (e.g., 'top-talkers') per individual targets.
The DOTS client may log pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry data with an alert sent to an administrator or a network controller. The DOTS client may send a mitigation request if the attack cannot be handled locally.
A DOTS client that is not interested to receive pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry data for a target MUST send a delete request similar to the one depicted in Figure 37.
The mitigation efficacy telemetry attributes can be signaled from DOTS clients to DOTS servers as part of the periodic mitigation efficacy updates to the server (Section 6.3.4 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]).
augment-structure /signal:dots-signal/signal:message-type
/signal:mitigation-scope/signal:scope:
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
+-- vendor-id uint32
+-- attack-id uint32
+-- attack-description? string
+-- attack-severity? attack-severity
+-- start-time? uint64
+-- end-time? uint64
+-- source-count
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- top-talker
+-- talker* [source-prefix]
+-- spoofed-status? boolean
+-- source-prefix inet:ip-prefix
+-- source-port-range* [lower-port]
| +-- lower-port inet:port-number
| +-- upper-port? inet:port-number
+-- source-icmp-type-range* [lower-type]
| +-- lower-type uint8
| +-- upper-type? uint8
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-connection
+-- low-percentile-c
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- mid-percentile-c
| ...
+-- high-percentile-c
| ...
+-- peak-c
...
Figure 44: Telemetry Efficacy Update Tree Structure
The "ietf-dots-telemetry" YANG module (Section 10.1) augments the 'mitigation-scope' message type defined in "ietf-dots-signal" [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] so that these attributes can be signalled by a DOTS client in a mitigation efficacy update (Figure 44).
In order to signal telemetry data in a mitigation efficacy update, it is RECOMMENDED that the DOTS client has already established a DOTS telemetry setup session with the server in 'idle' time.
An example of an efficacy update with telemetry attributes is depicted in Figure 45.
Header: PUT (Code=0.03)
Uri-Path: ".well-known"
Uri-Path: "dots"
Uri-Path: "mitigate"
Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw"
Uri-Path: "mid=123"
If-Match:
Content-Format: "application/dots+cbor"
{
"ietf-dots-signal-channel:mitigation-scope": {
"scope": [
{
"alias-name": [
"https1",
"https2"
],
"attack-status": "under-attack",
"ietf-dots-telemetry:total-attack-traffic": [
{
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"mid-percentile-g": "900"
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 45: An Example of Mitigation Efficacy Update with Telemetry Attributes
The mitigation status telemetry attributes can be signaled from the DOTS server to the DOTS client as part of the periodic mitigation status update (Section 6.3.3 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]). In particular, DOTS clients can receive asynchronous notifications of the attack details from DOTS servers using the Observe option defined in [RFC7641].
In order to make use of this feature, DOTS clients MUST establish a telemetry setup session with the DOTS server in 'idle' time and MUST set the 'server-originated-telemetry' attribute to 'true'.
DOTS servers MUST NOT include telemetry attributes in mitigation status updates sent to DOTS clients for which 'server-originated-telemetry' attribute is set to 'false'.
As defined in [RFC8612], the actual mitigation activities can include several countermeasure mechanisms. The DOTS server signals the current operational status of relevant countermeasures. A list of attacks detected by each countermeasure MAY also be included. The same attributes defined in Section 7.1.5 are applicable for describing the attacks detected and mitigated at the DOTS server domain.
augment-structure /signal:dots-signal/signal:message-type
/signal:mitigation-scope/signal:scope:
+-- (direction)?
| +--:(server-to-client-only)
| +-- total-traffic* [unit]
| | +-- unit unit
| | +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| | +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- total-attack-connection
| +-- low-percentile-c
| | +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| | +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| | +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| | +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-c
| | ...
| +-- high-percentile-c
| | ...
| +-- peak-c
| ...
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- attack-detail* [vendor-id attack-id]
+-- vendor-id uint32
+-- attack-id uint32
+-- attack-description? string
+-- attack-severity? attack-severity
+-- start-time? uint64
+-- end-time? uint64
+-- source-count
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- top-talker
+-- talker* [source-prefix]
+-- spoofed-status? boolean
+-- source-prefix inet:ip-prefix
+-- source-port-range* [lower-port]
| +-- lower-port inet:port-number
| +-- upper-port? inet:port-number
+-- source-icmp-type-range* [lower-type]
| +-- lower-type uint8
| +-- upper-type? uint8
+-- total-attack-traffic* [unit]
| +-- unit unit
| +-- low-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- mid-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- high-percentile-g? yang:gauge64
| +-- peak-g? yang:gauge64
+-- total-attack-connection
+-- low-percentile-c
| +-- connection? yang:gauge64
| +-- embryonic? yang:gauge64
| +-- connection-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- request-ps? yang:gauge64
| +-- partial-request-ps? yang:gauge64
+-- mid-percentile-c
| ...
+-- high-percentile-c
| ...
+-- peak-c
...
The "ietf-dots-telemetry" YANG module (Section 10.1) augments the 'mitigation-scope' message type defined in "ietf-dots-signal" [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis] with telemetry data as depicted in the following tree structure:
Figure 46 shows an example of an asynchronous notification of attack mitigation status from the DOTS server. This notification signals both the mid-percentile value of processed attack traffic and the peak percentile value of unique sources involved in the attack.
{
"ietf-dots-signal-channel:mitigation-scope": {
"scope": [
{
"mid": 12332,
"mitigation-start": "1507818434",
"alias-name": [
"https1",
"https2"
],
"lifetime": 1600,
"status": "attack-successfully-mitigated",
"bytes-dropped": "134334555",
"bps-dropped": "43344",
"pkts-dropped": "333334444",
"pps-dropped": "432432",
"ietf-dots-telemetry:total-attack-traffic": [
{
"unit": "megabit-ps",
"mid-percentile-g": "900"
}
],
"ietf-dots-telemetry:attack-detail": [
{
"vendor-id": 1234,
"attack-id": 77,
"source-count": {
"peak-g": "10000"
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
Figure 46: Response Body of a Mitigation Status With Telemetry Attributes
DOTS clients can filter out the asynchronous notifications from the DOTS server by indicating one or more Uri-Query options in its GET request. A Uri-Query option can include the following parameters: 'target-prefix', 'target-port', 'target-protocol', 'target-fqdn', 'target-uri', 'alias-name', and 'c' (content) (Section 4.2.4). The considerations discussed in Section 7.3 MUST be followed to include multiple query values, ranges ('target-port', 'target-protocol'), and wildcard name ('target-fqdn', 'target-uri').
An example of request to subscribe to asynchronous notifications bound to the "http1" alias is shown in Figure 47.
Header: GET (Code=0.01) Uri-Path: ".well-known" Uri-Path: "dots" Uri-Path: "mitigate" Uri-Path: "cuid=dz6pHjaADkaFTbjr0JGBpw" Uri-Path: "mid=12332" Uri-Query: "target-alias=https1" Observe: 0
Figure 47: GET Request to Receive Asynchronous Notifications Filtered using Uri-Query
If the target query does not match the target of the enclosed 'mid' as maintained by the DOTS server, the latter MUST respond with a 4.04 (Not Found) error Response Code. The DOTS server MUST NOT add a new observe entry if this query overlaps with an existing one.
A list of common CoAP errors that are implemented by DOTS servers are provided in Section 6 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]. The following additional error cases apply for the telemetry extension:
This module uses types defined in [RFC6991] and [RFC8345].
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-dots-telemetry@2020-07-03.yang"
module ietf-dots-telemetry {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-telemetry";
prefix dots-telemetry;
import ietf-dots-signal-channel {
prefix signal;
reference
"RFC UUUU: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
(DOTS) Signal Channel Specification";
}
import ietf-dots-data-channel {
prefix ietf-data;
reference
"RFC 8783: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel Specification";
}
import ietf-yang-types {
prefix yang;
reference
"Section 3 of RFC 6991";
}
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix inet;
reference
"Section 4 of RFC 6991";
}
import ietf-network-topology {
prefix nt;
reference
"Section 6.2 of RFC 8345: A YANG Data Model for Network
Topologies";
}
import ietf-yang-structure-ext {
prefix sx;
reference
"RFC 8791: YANG Data Structure Extensions";
}
organization
"IETF DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dots/>
WG List: <mailto:dots@ietf.org>
Author: Mohamed Boucadair
<mailto:mohamed.boucadair@orange.com>
Author: Konda, Tirumaleswar Reddy
<mailto:TirumaleswarReddy_Konda@McAfee.com>";
description
"This module contains YANG definitions for the signaling
of DOTS telemetry exchanged between a DOTS client and
a DOTS server by means of the DOTS signal channel.
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
the RFC itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2020-07-03 {
description
"Initial revision.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
Signaling (DOTS) Telemetry";
}
typedef attack-severity {
type enumeration {
enum none {
value 1;
description
"No effect on the DOTS client domain.";
}
enum low {
value 2;
description
"Minimal effect on the DOTS client domain.";
}
enum medium {
value 3;
description
"A subset of DOTS client domain resources are
out of service.";
}
enum high {
value 4;
description
"The DOTS client domain is under extremly severe
conditions.";
}
enum unknown {
value 5;
description
"The impact of the attack is not known.";
}
}
description
"Enumeration for attack severity.";
reference
"RFC 7970: The Incident Object Description Exchange
Format Version 2";
}
typedef unit-type {
type enumeration {
enum packet-ps {
value 1;
description
"Packets per second (pps).";
}
enum bit-ps {
value 2;
description
"Bits per Second (bit/s).";
}
enum byte-ps {
value 3;
description
"Bytes per second (Byte/s).";
}
}
description
"Enumeration to indicate which unit type is used.";
}
typedef unit {
type enumeration {
enum packet-ps {
value 1;
description
"Packets per second (pps).";
}
enum bit-ps {
value 2;
description
"Bits per Second (bps).";
}
enum byte-ps {
value 3;
description
"Bytes per second (Bps).";
}
enum kilopacket-ps {
value 4;
description
"Kilo packets per second (kpps).";
}
enum kilobit-ps {
value 5;
description
"Kilobits per second (kbps).";
}
enum kilobyte-ps {
value 6;
description
"Kilobytes per second (kBps).";
}
enum megapacket-ps {
value 7;
description
"Mega packets per second (Mpps).";
}
enum megabit-ps {
value 8;
description
"Megabits per second (Mbps).";
}
enum megabyte-ps {
value 9;
description
"Megabytes per second (MBps).";
}
enum gigapacket-ps {
value 10;
description
"Giga packets per second (Gpps).";
}
enum gigabit-ps {
value 11;
description
"Gigabits per second (Gbps).";
}
enum gigabyte-ps {
value 12;
description
"Gigabytes per second (GBps).";
}
enum terapacket-ps {
value 13;
description
"Tera packets per second (Tpps).";
}
enum terabit-ps {
value 14;
description
"Terabits per second (Tbps).";
}
enum terabyte-ps {
value 15;
description
"Terabytes per second (TBps).";
}
}
description
"Enumeration to indicate which unit is used.";
}
typedef interval {
type enumeration {
enum hour {
value 1;
description
"Hour.";
}
enum day {
value 2;
description
"Day.";
}
enum week {
value 3;
description
"Week.";
}
enum month {
value 4;
description
"Month.";
}
}
description
"Enumeration to indicate the overall measurement period.";
}
typedef sample {
type enumeration {
enum second {
value 1;
description
" A one second measurement period.";
}
enum 5-seconds {
value 2;
description
"5 seconds measurement period.";
}
enum 30-seconds {
value 3;
description
"30 seconds measurement period.";
}
enum minute {
value 4;
description
"One minute measurement period.";
}
enum 5-minutes {
value 5;
description
"5 minutes measurement period.";
}
enum 10-minutes {
value 6;
description
"10 minutes measurement period.";
}
enum 30-minutes {
value 7;
description
"30 minutes measurement period.";
}
enum hour {
value 8;
description
"One hour measurement period.";
}
}
description
"Enumeration to indicate the measurement period.";
}
typedef percentile {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 2;
}
description
"The nth percentile of a set of data is the
value at which n percent of the data is below it.";
}
typedef query-type {
type enumeration {
enum target-prefix {
value 1;
description
"Query based on target prefix.";
}
enum target-port {
value 2;
description
"Query based on target port number.";
}
enum target-protocol {
value 3;
description
"Query based on target protocol.";
}
enum target-fqdn {
value 4;
description
"Query based on target FQDN.";
}
enum target-uri {
value 5;
description
"Query based on target URI.";
}
enum target-alias {
value 6;
description
"Query based on target alias.";
}
enum mid {
value 7;
description
"Query based on mitigation identifier (mid).";
}
enum source-prefix {
value 8;
description
"Query based on source prefix.";
}
enum source-port {
value 9;
description
"Query based on source port number.";
}
enum source-icmp-type {
value 10;
description
"Query based on ICMP type";
}
enum content {
value 11;
description
"Query based on 'c' Uri-Query option that is used
to control the selection of configuration
and non-configuration data nodes.";
reference
"Section 4.4.2 of RFC 8782.";
}
}
description
"Enumeration support for query types that can be used
in a GET request to filter out data.";
}
grouping percentile-config {
description
"Configuration of low, mid, and high percentile values.";
leaf measurement-interval {
type interval;
description
"Defines the period on which percentiles are computed.";
}
leaf measurement-sample {
type sample;
description
"Defines the time distribution for measuring
values that are used to compute percentiles.";
}
leaf low-percentile {
type percentile;
default "10.00";
description
"Low percentile. If set to '0', this means low-percentiles
are disabled.";
}
leaf mid-percentile {
type percentile;
must '. >= ../low-percentile' {
error-message
"The mid-percentile must be greater than
or equal to the low-percentile.";
}
default "50.00";
description
"Mid percentile. If set to the same value as low-percentiles,
this means mid-percentiles are disabled.";
}
leaf high-percentile {
type percentile;
must '. >= ../mid-percentile' {
error-message
"The high-percentile must be greater than
or equal to the mid-percentile.";
}
default "90.00";
description
"High percentile. If set to the same value as mid-percentiles,
this means high-percentiles are disabled.";
}
}
grouping percentile {
description
"Generic grouping for percentile.";
leaf low-percentile-g {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Low percentile value.";
}
leaf mid-percentile-g {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Mid percentile value.";
}
leaf high-percentile-g {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"High percentile value.";
}
leaf peak-g {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Peak value.";
}
}
grouping unit-config {
description
"Generic grouping for unit configuration.";
list unit-config {
key "unit";
description
"Controls which unit types are allowed when sharing
telemetry data.";
leaf unit {
type unit-type;
description
"Can be packet-ps, bit-ps, or byte-ps.";
}
leaf unit-status {
type boolean;
mandatory true;
description
"Enable/disable the use of the measurement unit type.";
}
}
}
grouping traffic-unit {
description
"Grouping of traffic as a function of the measurement unit.";
leaf unit {
type unit;
description
"The traffic can be measured using unit types: packet-ps,
bit-ps, or byte-ps. DOTS agents auto-scale to the appropriate
units (e.g., megabit-ps, kilobit-ps).";
}
uses percentile;
}
grouping traffic-unit-protocol {
description
"Grouping of traffic of a given transport protocol as
a function of the measurement unit.";
leaf protocol {
type uint8;
description
"The transport protocol.
Values are taken from the IANA Protocol Numbers registry:
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/>.
For example, this parameter contains 6 for TCP,
17 for UDP, 33 for DCCP, or 132 for SCTP.";
}
uses traffic-unit;
}
grouping traffic-unit-port {
description
"Grouping of traffic bound to a port number as
a function of the measurement unit.";
leaf port {
type inet:port-number;
description
"Port number.";
}
uses traffic-unit;
}
grouping total-connection-capacity {
description
"Total Connections Capacity. These data nodes are
useful to detect resource consuming DDoS attacks";
leaf connection {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of simultaneous connections that
are allowed to the target server.";
}
leaf connection-client {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of simultaneous connections that
are allowed to the target server per client.";
}
leaf embryonic {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of simultaneous embryonic connections
that are allowed to the target server. The term 'embryonic
connection' refers to a connection whose connection handshake
is not finished. Embryonic connection is only possible in
connection-oriented transport protocols like TCP or SCTP.";
}
leaf embryonic-client {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of simultaneous embryonic connections
that are allowed to the target server per client.";
}
leaf connection-ps {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of connections allowed per second
to the target server.";
}
leaf connection-client-ps {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of connections allowed per second
to the target server per client.";
}
leaf request-ps {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of requests allowed per second
to the target server.";
}
leaf request-client-ps {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of requests allowed per second
to the target server per client.";
}
leaf partial-request-ps {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of partial requests allowed per
second to the target server.";
}
leaf partial-request-client-ps {
type uint64;
description
"The maximum number of partial requests allowed per
second to the target server per client.";
}
}
grouping total-connection-capacity-protocol {
description
"Total Connections Capacity per protocol. These data nodes are
useful to detect resource consuming DDoS attacks.";
leaf protocol {
type uint8;
description
"The transport protocol.
Values are taken from the IANA Protocol Numbers registry:
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/>.";
}
uses total-connection-capacity;
}
grouping connection {
description
"A set of data nodes which represent the attack
characteristics";
leaf connection {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of simultaneous attack connections to
the target server.";
}
leaf embryonic {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of simultaneous embryonic connections to
the target server.";
}
leaf connection-ps {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of attack connections per second to
the target server.";
}
leaf request-ps {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of attack requests per second to
the target server.";
}
leaf partial-request-ps {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of attack partial requests to
the target server.";
}
}
grouping connection-percentile {
description
"Total attack connections.";
container low-percentile-c {
description
"Low percentile of attack connections.";
uses connection;
}
container mid-percentile-c {
description
"Mid percentile of attack connections.";
uses connection;
}
container high-percentile-c {
description
"High percentile of attack connections.";
uses connection;
}
container peak-c {
description
"Peak attack connections.";
uses connection;
}
}
grouping connection-protocol {
description
"Total attack connections.";
leaf protocol {
type uint8;
description
"The transport protocol.
Values are taken from the IANA Protocol Numbers registry:
<https://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/>.";
}
uses connection;
}
grouping connection-port {
description
"Total attack connections per port number.";
leaf port {
type inet:port-number;
description
"Port number.";
}
uses connection-protocol;
}
grouping connection-protocol-percentile {
description
"Total attack connections per protocol.";
list low-percentile-l {
key "protocol";
description
"Low percentile of attack connections per protocol.";
uses connection-protocol;
}
list mid-percentile-l {
key "protocol";
description
"Mid percentile of attack connections per protocol.";
uses connection-protocol;
}
list high-percentile-l {
key "protocol";
description
"High percentile of attack connections per protocol.";
uses connection-protocol;
}
list peak-l {
key "protocol";
description
"Peak attack connections per protocol.";
uses connection-protocol;
}
}
grouping connection-protocol-port-percentile {
description
"Total attack connections per port number.";
list low-percentile-l {
key "protocol port";
description
"Low percentile of attack connections per port number.";
uses connection-port;
}
list mid-percentile-l {
key "protocol port";
description
"Mid percentile of attack connections per port number.";
uses connection-port;
}
list high-percentile-l {
key "protocol port";
description
"High percentile of attack connections per port number.";
uses connection-port;
}
list peak-l {
key "protocol port";
description
"Peak attack connections per port number.";
uses connection-port;
}
}
grouping attack-detail {
description
"Various details that describe the on-going
attacks that need to be mitigated by the DOTS server.
The attack details need to cover well-known and common attacks
(such as a SYN Flood) along with new emerging or vendor-specific
attacks.";
leaf vendor-id {
type uint32;
description
"Vendor ID is a security vendor's Enterprise Number.";
}
leaf attack-id {
type uint32;
description
"Unique identifier assigned by the vendor for the attack.";
}
leaf attack-description {
type string;
description
"Textual representation of attack description. Natural Language
Processing techniques (e.g., word embedding) can possibly be
used to map the attack description to an attack type.";
}
leaf attack-severity {
type attack-severity;
description
"Severity level of an attack. How this level is determined
is implementation-specific.";
}
leaf start-time {
type uint64;
description
"The time the attack started. Start time is represented in
seconds relative to 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z in UTC time.";
}
leaf end-time {
type uint64;
description
"The time the attack ended. End time is represented in seconds
relative to 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z in UTC time.";
}
container source-count {
description
"Indicates the count of unique sources involved
in the attack.";
uses percentile;
}
}
grouping top-talker-aggregate {
description
"Top attack sources.";
list talker {
key "source-prefix";
description
"IPv4 or IPv6 prefix identifying the attacker(s).";
leaf spoofed-status {
type boolean;
description
"Indicates whether this address is spoofed.";
}
leaf source-prefix {
type inet:ip-prefix;
description
"IPv4 or IPv6 prefix identifying the attacker(s).";
}
list source-port-range {
key "lower-port";
description
"Port range. When only lower-port is
present, it represents a single port number.";
leaf lower-port {
type inet:port-number;
mandatory true;
description
"Lower port number of the port range.";
}
leaf upper-port {
type inet:port-number;
must '. >= ../lower-port' {
error-message
"The upper port number must be greater than
or equal to lower port number.";
}
description
"Upper port number of the port range.";
}
}
list source-icmp-type-range {
key "lower-type";
description
"ICMP type range. When only lower-type is
present, it represents a single ICMP type.";
leaf lower-type {
type uint8;
mandatory true;
description
"Lower ICMP type of the ICMP type range.";
}
leaf upper-type {
type uint8;
must '. >= ../lower-type' {
error-message
"The upper ICMP type must be greater than
or equal to lower ICMP type.";
}
description
"Upper type of the ICMP type range.";
}
}
list total-attack-traffic {
key "unit";
description
"Total attack traffic issued from this source.";
uses traffic-unit;
}
container total-attack-connection {
description
"Total attack connections issued from this source.";
uses connection-percentile;
}
}
}
grouping top-talker {
description
"Top attack sources.";
list talker {
key "source-prefix";
description
"IPv4 or IPv6 prefix identifying the attacker(s).";
leaf spoofed-status {
type boolean;
description
"Indicates whether this address is spoofed.";
}
leaf source-prefix {
type inet:ip-prefix;
description
"IPv4 or IPv6 prefix identifying the attacker(s).";
}
list source-port-range {
key "lower-port";
description
"Port range. When only lower-port is
present, it represents a single port number.";
leaf lower-port {
type inet:port-number;
mandatory true;
description
"Lower port number of the port range.";
}
leaf upper-port {
type inet:port-number;
must '. >= ../lower-port' {
error-message
"The upper port number must be greater than
or equal to lower port number.";
}
description
"Upper port number of the port range.";
}
}
list source-icmp-type-range {
key "lower-type";
description
"ICMP type range. When only lower-type is
present, it represents a single ICMP type.";
leaf lower-type {
type uint8;
mandatory true;
description
"Lower ICMP type of the ICMP type range.";
}
leaf upper-type {
type uint8;
must '. >= ../lower-type' {
error-message
"The upper ICMP type must be greater than
or equal to lower ICMP type.";
}
description
"Upper type of the ICMP type range.";
}
}
list total-attack-traffic {
key "unit";
description
"Total attack traffic issued from this source.";
uses traffic-unit;
}
container total-attack-connection {
description
"Total attack connections issued from this source.";
uses connection-protocol-percentile;
}
}
}
grouping baseline {
description
"Grouping for the telemetry baseline.";
uses ietf-data:target;
leaf-list alias-name {
type string;
description
"An alias name that points to a resource.";
}
list total-traffic-normal {
key "unit";
description
"Total traffic normal baselines.";
uses traffic-unit;
}
list total-traffic-normal-per-protocol {
key "unit protocol";
description
"Total traffic normal baselines per protocol.";
uses traffic-unit-protocol;
}
list total-traffic-normal-per-port {
key "unit port";
description
"Total traffic normal baselines per port number.";
uses traffic-unit-port;
}
list total-connection-capacity {
key "protocol";
description
"Total connection capacity.";
uses total-connection-capacity-protocol;
}
list total-connection-capacity-per-port {
key "protocol port";
description
"Total connection capacity per port number.";
leaf port {
type inet:port-number;
description
"The target port number.";
}
uses total-connection-capacity-protocol;
}
}
grouping pre-or-ongoing-mitigation {
description
"Grouping for the telemetry data.";
list total-traffic {
key "unit";
description
"Total traffic.";
uses traffic-unit;
}
list total-traffic-protocol {
key "unit protocol";
description
"Total traffic per protocol.";
uses traffic-unit-protocol;
}
list total-traffic-port {
key "unit port";
description
"Total traffic per port.";
uses traffic-unit-port;
}
list total-attack-traffic {
key "unit";
description
"Total attack traffic.";
uses traffic-unit-protocol;
}
list total-attack-traffic-protocol {
key "unit protocol";
description
"Total attack traffic per protocol.";
uses traffic-unit-protocol;
}
list total-attack-traffic-port {
key "unit port";
description
"Total attack traffic per port.";
uses traffic-unit-port;
}
container total-attack-connection {
description
"Total attack connections.";
uses connection-protocol-percentile;
}
container total-attack-connection-port {
description
"Total attack connections.";
uses connection-protocol-port-percentile;
}
list attack-detail {
key "vendor-id attack-id";
description
"Provides a set of attack details.";
uses attack-detail;
container top-talker {
description
"Lists the top attack sources.";
uses top-talker;
}
}
}
sx:augment-structure "/signal:dots-signal/signal:message-type/"
+ "signal:mitigation-scope/signal:scope" {
description
"Extends mitigation scope with telemetry update data.";
choice direction {
description
"Indicates the communication direction in which the
data nodes can be included.";
case server-to-client-only {
description
"These data nodes appear only in a mitigation message
sent from the server to the client.";
list total-traffic {
key "unit";
description
"Total traffic.";
uses traffic-unit;
}
container total-attack-connection {
description
"Total attack connections.";
uses connection-percentile;
}
}
}
list total-attack-traffic {
key "unit";
description
"Total attack traffic.";
uses traffic-unit;
}
list attack-detail {
key "vendor-id attack-id";
description
"Attack details";
uses attack-detail;
container top-talker {
description
"Top attack sources.";
uses top-talker-aggregate;
}
}
}
sx:structure dots-telemetry {
description
"Main structure for DOTS telemetry messages.";
choice telemetry-message-type {
description
"Can be a telemetry-setup or telemetry data.";
case telemetry-setup {
description
"Indicates the message is about telemetry.";
choice direction {
description
"Indicates the communication direction in which the
data nodes can be included.";
case server-to-client-only {
description
"These data nodes appear only in a mitigation message
sent from the server to the client.";
container max-config-values {
description
"Maximum acceptable configuration values.";
uses percentile-config;
leaf server-originated-telemetry {
type boolean;
description
"Indicates whether the DOTS server can be instructed
to send pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry. If set
to FALSE or the data node is not present, this is
an indication that the server does not support this
capability.";
}
leaf telemetry-notify-interval {
type uint32 {
range "1 .. 3600";
}
must ". >= ../../min-config-values"
+ "/telemetry-notify-interval" {
error-message
"The value must be greater than or equal
to the telemetry-notify-interval in the
min-config-values";
}
units "seconds";
description
"Minimum number of seconds between successive
telemetry notifications.";
}
}
container min-config-values {
description
"Minimum acceptable configuration values.";
uses percentile-config;
leaf telemetry-notify-interval {
type uint32 {
range "1 .. 3600";
}
units "seconds";
description
"Minimum number of seconds between successive
telemetry notifications.";
}
}
container supported-units {
description
"Supported units and default activation status.";
uses unit-config;
}
leaf-list query-type {
type query-type;
description
"Indicates which query types are supported by
the server.";
}
}
}
list telemetry {
description
"The telemetry data per DOTS client.";
choice direction {
description
"Indicates the communication direction in which the
data nodes can be included.";
case server-to-client-only {
description
"These data nodes appear only in a mitigation message
sent from the server to the client.";
leaf tsid {
type uint32;
description
"An identifier for the DOTS telemetry setup
data.";
}
}
}
choice setup-type {
description
"Can be a mitigation configuration, a pipe capacity,
or baseline message.";
case telemetry-config {
description
"Uses to set low, mid, and high percentile values.";
container current-config {
description
"Current configuration values.";
uses percentile-config;
uses unit-config;
leaf server-originated-telemetry {
type boolean;
description
"Used by a DOTS client to enable/disable whether it
accepts pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry from
the DOTS server.";
}
leaf telemetry-notify-interval {
type uint32 {
range "1 .. 3600";
}
units "seconds";
description
"Minimum number of seconds between successive
telemetry notifications.";
}
}
}
case pipe {
description
"Total pipe capacity of a DOTS client domain";
list total-pipe-capacity {
key "link-id unit";
description
"Total pipe capacity of a DOTS client domain.";
leaf link-id {
type nt:link-id;
description
"Identifier of an interconnection link.";
}
leaf capacity {
type uint64;
mandatory true;
description
"Pipe capacity.";
}
leaf unit {
type unit;
description
"The traffic can be measured using unit types:
packets per second (PPS), Bits per Second (BPS),
and/or bytes per second. DOTS agents auto-scale
to the appropriate units (e.g., megabit-ps,
kilobit-ps).";
}
}
}
case baseline {
description
"Traffic baseline information";
list baseline {
key "id";
description
"Traffic baseline information";
leaf id {
type uint32;
must '. >= 1';
description
"A baseline entry identifier.";
}
uses baseline;
}
}
}
}
}
case telemetry {
description
"Indicates the message is about telemetry.";
list pre-or-ongoing-mitigation {
description
"Pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry per DOTS client.";
choice direction {
description
"Indicates the communication direction in which the
data nodes can be included.";
case server-to-client-only {
description
"These data nodes appear only in a mitigation message
sent from the server to the client.";
leaf tmid {
type uint32;
description
"An identifier to uniquely demux telemetry data sent
using the same message.";
}
}
}
container target {
description
"Indicates the target.";
uses ietf-data:target;
leaf-list alias-name {
type string;
description
"An alias name that points to a resource.";
}
leaf-list mid-list {
type uint32;
description
"Reference a list of associated mitigation requests.";
}
}
uses pre-or-ongoing-mitigation;
}
}
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-dots-mapping@2020-06-26.yang"
module ietf-dots-mapping {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-mapping";
prefix dots-mapping;
import ietf-dots-data-channel {
prefix ietf-data;
reference
"RFC 8783: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
Signaling (DOTS) Data Channel Specification";
}
organization
"IETF DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/dots/>
WG List: <mailto:dots@ietf.org>
Author: Mohamed Boucadair
<mailto:mohamed.boucadair@orange.com>
Author: Jon Shallow
<mailto:supjps-ietf@jpshallow.com>";
description
"This module contains YANG definitions for the sharing
DDoS attack mapping details between a DOTS client and
a DOTS server, by means of the DOTS data channel.
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
the RFC itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2020-06-26 {
description
"Initial revision.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
Signaling (DOTS) Telemetry";
}
feature dots-telemetry {
description
"This feature indicates that DOTS telemetry data can be
shared between DOTS clients and servers.";
}
grouping attack-mapping {
description
"A set of information used for sharing vendor attack mapping
information with a peer.";
list vendor {
key "vendor-id";
description
"Vendor attack mapping information of the client/server";
leaf vendor-id {
type uint32;
description
"Vendor ID is a security vendor's Enterprise Number.";
}
leaf vendor-name {
type string;
description
"The name of the vendor (e.g., company A).";
}
leaf last-updated {
type uint64;
mandatory true;
description
"The time the mapping table was updated. It is represented
in seconds relative to 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z in UTC time.";
}
list attack-mapping {
key "attack-id";
description
"Attack mapping details.";
leaf attack-id {
type uint32;
description
"Unique identifier assigned by the vendor for the attack.";
}
leaf attack-description {
type string;
mandatory true;
description
"Textual representation of attack description. Natural
Language Processing techniques (e.g., word embedding)
can possibly be used to map the attack description to
an attack type.";
}
}
}
}
augment "/ietf-data:dots-data/ietf-data:dots-client" {
if-feature "dots-telemetry";
description
"Augments the data channel with a vendor attack
mapping table of the DOTS client.";
container vendor-mapping {
description
"Used by DOTS clients to share their vendor
attack mapping information with DOTS servers.";
uses attack-mapping;
}
}
augment "/ietf-data:dots-data/ietf-data:capabilities" {
if-feature "dots-telemetry";
description
"Augments the DOTS server capabilities with a
parameter to indicate whether they can share
attack mapping details.";
leaf vendor-mapping-enabled {
type boolean;
config false;
description
"Indicates that the server supports sharing
attack vendor mapping details with DOTS clients.";
}
}
augment "/ietf-data:dots-data" {
if-feature "dots-telemetry";
description
"Augments the data channel with a vendor attack
mapping table of the DOTS server.";
container vendor-mapping {
config false;
description
"Includes the list of vendor attack mapping details
that will be shared upon request with DOTS clients.";
uses attack-mapping;
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
All DOTS telemetry parameters in the payload of the DOTS signal channel MUST be mapped to CBOR types as shown in the following table:
+----------------------+-------------+------+---------------+--------+ | Parameter Name | YANG | CBOR | CBOR Major | JSON | | | Type | Key | Type & | Type | | | | | Information | | +======================+=============+======+===============+========+ | tsid | uint32 |TBA1 | 0 unsigned | Number | | telemetry | container |TBA2 | 5 map | Object | | low-percentile | decimal64 |TBA3 | 6 tag 4 | | | | | | [-2, integer]| String | | mid-percentile | decimal64 |TBA4 | 6 tag 4 | | | | | | [-2, integer]| String | | high-percentile | decimal64 |TBA5 | 6 tag 4 | | | | | | [-2, integer]| String | | unit-config | list |TBA6 | 4 array | Array | | unit | enumeration |TBA7 | 0 unsigned | String | | unit-status | boolean |TBA8 | 7 bits 20 | False | | | | | 7 bits 21 | True | | total-pipe-capability| list |TBA9 | 4 array | Array | | link-id | string |TBA10 | 3 text string | String | | pre-or-ongoing- | list |TBA11 | 4 array | Array | | mitigation | | | | | | total-traffic-normal | list |TBA12 | 4 array | Array | | low-percentile-g | yang:gauge64|TBA13 | 0 unsigned | String | | mid-percentile-g | yang:gauge64|TBA14 | 0 unsigned | String | | high-percentile-g | yang:gauge64|TBA15 | 0 unsigned | String | | peak-g | yang:gauge64|TBA16 | 0 unsigned | String | | total-attack-traffic | list |TBA17 | 4 array | Array | | total-traffic | list |TBA18 | 4 array | Array | | total-connection- | | | | | | capacity | list |TBA19 | 4 array | Array | | connection | uint64 |TBA20 | 0 unsigned | String | | connection-client | uint64 |TBA21 | 0 unsigned | String | | embryonic | uint64 |TBA22 | 0 unsigned | String | | embryonic-client | uint64 |TBA23 | 0 unsigned | String | | connection-ps | uint64 |TBA24 | 0 unsigned | String | | connection-client-ps | uint64 |TBA25 | 0 unsigned | String | | request-ps | uint64 |TBA26 | 0 unsigned | String | | request-client-ps | uint64 |TBA27 | 0 unsigned | String | | partial-request-ps | uint64 |TBA28 | 0 unsigned | String | | partial-request- | | | | | | client-ps | uint64 |TBA29 | 0 unsigned | String | | total-attack- | | | | | | connection | container |TBA30 | 5 map | Object | | low-percentile-l | list |TBA31 | 4 array | Array | | mid-percentile-l | list |TBA32 | 4 array | Array | | high-percentile-l | list |TBA33 | 4 array | Array | | peak-l | list |TBA34 | 4 array | Array | | attack-detail | list |TBA35 | 4 array | Array | | id | uint32 |TBA36 | 0 unsigned | Number | | attack-id | uint32 |TBA37 | 0 unsigned | Number | | attack-description | string |TBA38 | 3 text string | String | | attack-severity | enumeration |TBA39 | 0 unsigned | String | | start-time | uint64 |TBA40 | 0 unsigned | String | | end-time | uint64 |TBA41 | 0 unsigned | String | | source-count | container |TBA42 | 5 map | Object | | top-talker | container |TBA43 | 5 map | Object | | spoofed-status | boolean |TBA44 | 7 bits 20 | False | | | | | 7 bits 21 | True | | low-percentile-c | container |TBA45 | 5 map | Object | | mid-percentile-c | container |TBA46 | 5 map | Object | | high-percentile-c | container |TBA47 | 5 map | Object | | peak-c | container |TBA48 | 5 map | Object | | baseline | container |TBA49 | 5 map | Object | | current-config | container |TBA50 | 5 map | Object | | max-config-values | container |TBA51 | 5 map | Object | | min-config-values | container |TBA52 | 5 map | Object | | supported-units | container |TBA53 | 5 map | Object | | server-originated- | boolean |TBA54 | 7 bits 20 | False | | telemetry | | | 7 bits 21 | True | | telemetry-notify- | uint32 |TBA55 | 0 unsigned | Number | | interval | | | | | | tmid | uint32 |TBA56 | 0 unsigned | Number | | measurement-interval | enumeration |TBA57 | 0 unsigned | String | | measurement-sample | enumeration |TBA58 | 0 unsigned | String | | talker | list |TBA59 | 4 array | Array | | source-prefix | inet: |TBA60 | 3 text string | String | | | ip-prefix | | | | | mid-list | leaf-list |TBA61 | 4 array | Array | | | uint32 | | 0 unsigned | Number | | source-port-range | list |TBA62 | 4 array | Array | | source-icmp-type- | list |TBA63 | 4 array | Array | | range | | | | | | lower-type | uint8 |TBA64 | 0 unsigned | Number | | upper-type | uint8 |TBA65 | 0 unsigned | Number | | target | container |TBA66 | 5 map | Object | | capacity | uint64 |TBA67 | 0 unsigned | String | | protocol | uint8 |TBA68 | 0 unsigned | Number | | total-traffic- | | | | | | normal-per-protocol | list |TBA69 | 4 array | Array | | total-traffic- | | | | | | normal-per-port | list |TBA70 | 4 array | Array | | total-connection- | | | | | | capacity-per-port | list |TBA71 | 4 array | Array | | total-traffic- | | | | | | -protocol | list |TBA72 | 4 array | Array | | total-traffic- port | list |TBA73 | 4 array | Array | | total-attack- | | | | | | traffic-protocol | list |TBA74 | 4 array | Array | | total-attack- | | | | | | traffic-port | list |TBA75 | 4 array | Array | | total-attack- | | | | | | connection-port | list |TBA76 | 4 array | Array | | port | inet: | | | | | | port-number|TBA77 | 0 unsigned | Number | | query-type | leaf-list |TBA78 | 4 array | Array | | | | | 0 unsigned | String | | vendor-id | uint32 |TBA79 | 0 unsigned | Number | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | | | | | | telemetry-setup | container |TBA80 | 5 map | Object | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | | | | | | total-traffic | list |TBA81 | 4 array | Array | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | | | | | | total-attack-traffic | list |TBA82 | 4 array | Array | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | | | | | | total-attack- | | | | | | connection | container |TBA83 | 5 map | Object | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | | | | | | attack-detail | list |TBA84 | 4 array | Array | +----------------------+-------------+------+---------------+--------+
This specification registers the DOTS telemetry attributes in the IANA "DOTS Signal Channel CBOR Key Values" registry [Key-Map].
The DOTS telemetry attributes defined in this specification are comprehension-optional parameters.
+----------------------+-------+-------+------------+---------------+ | Parameter Name | CBOR | CBOR | Change | Specification | | | Key | Major | Controller | Document(s) | | | Value | Type | | | +======================+=======+=======+============+===============+ | tsid | TBA1 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | telemetry | TBA2 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | low-percentile | TBA3 | 6tag4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | mid-percentile | TBA4 | 6tag4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | high-percentile | TBA5 | 6tag4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | unit-config | TBA6 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | unit | TBA7 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | unit-status | TBA8 | 7 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-pipe-capability| TBA9 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | link-id | TBA10 | 3 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | pre-or-ongoing- | TBA11 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | mitigation | | | | | | total-traffic-normal | TBA12 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | low-percentile-g | TBA13 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | mid-percentile-g | TBA14 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | high-percentile-g | TBA15 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | peak-g | TBA16 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-attack-traffic | TBA17 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-traffic | TBA18 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-connection- | TBA19 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | capacity | | | | | | connection | TBA20 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | connection-client | TBA21 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | embryonic | TBA22 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | embryonic-client | TBA23 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | connection-ps | TBA24 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | connection-client-ps | TBA25 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | request-ps | TBA26 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | request-client-ps | TBA27 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | partial-request-ps | TBA28 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | partial-request- | TBA29 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | client-ps | | | | | | total-attack- | TBA30 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | connection | | | | | | low-percentile-l | TBA31 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | mid-percentile-l | TBA32 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | high-percentile-l | TBA33 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | peak-l | TBA34 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | attack-detail | TBA35 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | id | TBA36 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | attack-id | TBA37 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | attack-description | TBA38 | 3 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | attack-severity | TBA39 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | start-time | TBA40 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | end-time | TBA41 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | source-count | TBA42 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | top-talker | TBA43 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | spoofed-status | TBA44 | 7 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | low-percentile-c | TBA45 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | mid-percentile-c | TBA46 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | high-percentile-c | TBA47 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | peak-c | TBA48 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | ietf-dots-signal-cha | TBA49 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | current-config | TBA50 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | max-config-value | TBA51 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | min-config-values | TBA52 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | supported-units | TBA55 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | server-originated- | TBA54 | 7 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | telemetry | | | | | | telemetry-notify- | TBA55 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | interval | | | | | | tmid | TBA56 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | measurement-interval | TBA57 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | measurement-sample | TBA58 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | talker | TBA59 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | source-prefix | TBA60 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | mid-list | TBA61 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | source-port-range | TBA62 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | source-icmp-type- | TBA63 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | range | | | | | | lower-type | TBA64 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | upper-type | TBA65 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | target | TBA66 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | capacity | TBA67 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | protocol | TBA68 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-traffic- | TBA69 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | normal-per-protocol | | | | | | total-traffic- | TBA70 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | normal-per-port | | | | | | total-connection- | TBA71 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | capacity-per-port | | | | | | total-traffic- | TBA72 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | -protocol | | | | | | total-traffic-port | TBA73 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-attack- | TBA74 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | traffic-protocol | | | | | | total-attack- | TBA75 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | traffic-port | | | | | | total-attack- | TBA76 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | connection-port | | | | | | port | TBA77 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | query-type | TBA78 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | vendor-id | TBA79 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | TBA80 | 5 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | telemetry-setup | | | | | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | TBA81 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-traffic | | | | | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | TBA82 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-attack-traffic | | | | | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | TBA83 | 0 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | total-attack- | | | | | | connection | | | | | | ietf-dots-telemetry: | TBA84 | 4 | IESG | [RFCXXXX] | | attack-detail | | | | | +----------------------+-------+-------+------------+---------------+
This specification requests IANA to assign a new code from the "DOTS Signal Channel Conflict Cause Codes" registry [Cause].
+------+-------------------+------------------------+-------------+ | Code | Label | Description | Reference | +======+===================+========================+=============+ | TBA | overlapping-pipes | Overlapping pipe scope | [RFCXXXX] | +------+-------------------+------------------------+-------------+
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-telemetry
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-mapping
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
name: ietf-dots-telemetry
namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-telemetry
maintained by IANA: N
prefix: dots-telemetry
reference: RFC XXXX
name: ietf-dots-mapping
namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-dots-mapping
maintained by IANA: N
prefix: dots-mapping
reference: RFC XXXX
This document requests IANA to register the following URIs in the "ns" subregistry within the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688]: [RFC6020] within the "YANG Parameters" registry.
The security considerations for the DOTS signal channel protocol are discussed in Section 12 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis]. The following discusses the security considerations that are specific to the DOTS signal channel extension defined in this document.
The DOTS telemetry information includes DOTS client network topology, DOTS client domain pipe capacity, normal traffic baseline and connections capacity, and threat and mitigation information. Such information is sensitive; it MUST be protected at rest by the DOTS server domain to prevent data leakage.
DOTS clients are typically trusted devices by the DOTS client domain. DOTS clients may be co-located on network security services (e.g., firewall) and a compromised security service potentially can do a lot more damage to the network. This assumption differs from the often held view that devices are untrusted, often referred to as the "zero-trust model". A compromised DOTS client can send fake DOTS telemetry data to a DOTS server to mislead the DOTS server. This attack can be prevented by monitoring and auditing DOTS clients to detect misbehavior and to deter misuse, and by only authorizing the DOTS client to convey the DOTS telemetry for specific target resources (e.g., an application server is authorized to exchange DOTS telemetry for its IP addresses but a DDoS mitigator can exchange DOTS telemetry for any target resource in the network). As a reminder, this is variation of dealing with compromised DOTS clients as discussed in Section 12 of [I-D.boucadair-dots-rfc8782-bis].
DOTS servers must be capable of defending themselves against DoS attacks from compromised DOTS clients. The following non-comprehensive list of mitigation techniques can be used by a DOTS server to handle misbehaving DOTS clients:
Note also that telemetry notification interval may be used to rate-limit the pre-or-ongoing-mitigation telemetry notifications received by a DOTS client domain.
The security considerations for the DOTS data channel protocol are discussed in Section 10 of [RFC8783]. The following discusses the security considerations that are specific to the DOTS data channel extension defined in this document.
All data nodes defined in the YANG module specified in Section 10.2 which can be created, modified, and deleted (i.e., config true, which is the default) are considered sensitive. Write operations to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. Appropriate security measures are recommended to prevent illegitimate users from invoking DOTS data channel primitives as discussed in [RFC8783]. Nevertheless, an attacker who can access a DOTS client is technically capable of undertaking various attacks, such as:
Some of the readable data nodes in the YANG module specified in Section 10.2 may be considered sensitive. It is thus important to control read access to these data nodes. These are the data nodes and their sensitivity:
The following individuals have contributed to this document:
The authors would like to thank Flemming Andreasen, Liang Xia, and Kaname Nishizuka co-authors of [I-D.doron-dots-telemetry] and everyone who had contributed to that document.
The authors would like to thank Kaname Nishizuka, Wei Pan, and Yuuhei Hayashi for comments and review.
Special thanks to Jon Shallow and Kaname Nishizuka for their implementation and interoperability work.
Many thanks to Jan Lindblad for the yangdoctors review and Nagendra Nainar for the opsdir review.