| Network Working Group | H. Alvestrand |
| Internet-Draft | |
| Intended status: Standards Track | April 21, 2015 |
| Expires: October 23, 2015 |
WebRTC MediaStream Identification in the Session Description Protocol
draft-ietf-mmusic-msid-09
This document specifies a Session Description Protocol (SDP) Grouping mechanism for RTP media streams that can be used to specify relations between media streams.
This mechanism is used to signal the association between the SDP concept of "media description" and the WebRTC concept of "MediaStream" / "MediaStreamTrack" using SDP signaling.
This document is a work item of the MMUSIC WG, whose discussion list is mmusic@ietf.org.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on October 23, 2015.
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This document adds a new Session Description Protocol (SDP) [RFC4566] mechanism that can associate application layer identifiers with the binding between media streams, attaching identifiers to the media streams and attaching identifiers to the groupings they form. It is designed for use with WebRTC[I-D.ietf-rtcweb-overview] .
Section 1.2 gives the background on why a new mechanism is needed.
Section 2 gives the definition of the new mechanism.
Section 3 gives the necessary semantic information and procedures for using the msid attribute to signal the association of MediaStreamTracks to MediaStreams in support of the WebRTC API [W3C.WD-webrtc-20150210].
When media is carried by RTP [RFC3550], each RTP media stream is distinguished inside an RTP session by its SSRC; each RTP session is distinguished from all other RTP sessions by being on a different transport association (strictly speaking, 2 transport associations, one used for RTP and one used for RTCP, unless RTP/RTCP multiplexing [RFC5761] is used).
SDP gives a description based on media descriptions. According to the model used in [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-jsep], each media description describes exactly one media source, and if mulitple media sources are carried in an RTP session, this is signalled using BUNDLE [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation]; if BUNDLE is not used, each media source is carried in its own RTP session.
The SDP grouping framework [RFC5888] can be used to group media descriptions. However, for the use case of WebRTC, there is the need for an application to specify some application-level information about the association between the media description and the group. This is not possible using the SDP grouping framework.
The W3C WebRTC API specification [W3C.WD-webrtc-20150210] specifies that communication between WebRTC entities is done via MediaStreams, which contain MediaStreamTracks. A MediaStreamTrack is generally carried using a single SSRC in an RTP session (forming an RTP media stream. The collision of terminology is unfortunate.) There might possibly be additional SSRCs, possibly within additional RTP sessions, in order to support functionality like forward error correction or simulcast. This complication is ignored below.
In the RTP specification, media streams are identified using the SSRC field. Streams are grouped into RTP Sessions, and also carry a CNAME. Neither CNAME nor RTP session correspond to a MediaStream. Therefore, the association of an RTP media stream to MediaStreams need to be explicitly signaled.
WebRTC defines a mapping (documented in [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-jsep]) where one SDP media description is used to describe each MediaStreamTrack, and that the BUNDLE mechanism [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation] is used to group MediaStreamTracks into RTP sessions. Therefore, the need is to specify the ID of a MediaStreamTrack and its associated MediaStream for each media description, which can be accomplished with a media-level SDP attribute.
This usage is described in Section 3.
This document defines a new SDP [RFC4566] media-level "msid" attribute. This new attribute allows endpoints to associate RTP media streams that are carried in the same or different media descriptions. The attribute also allows application-specific information to the association.
The value of the "msid" attribute consists of an identifier and optional application-specific data.
The name of the attribute is "msid".
The value of the attribute is specified by the following ABNF [RFC5234] grammar:
msid-value = msid-id [ SP msid-appdata ] msid-id = 1*64token-char ; see RFC 4566 msid-appdata = 1*64token-char ; see RFC 4566
An example msid value for a group with the identifier "examplefoo" and application data "examplebar" might look like this:
msid:examplefoo examplebar
The identifier is a string of ASCII characters that are legal in a "token", consisting of between 1 and 64 characters.
Application data is carried on the same line as the identifier, separated from the identifier by a space.
The identifier uniquely identifies a group within the scope of an SDP description.
There may be multiple msid attributes in a single media description. There may also be multiple media descriptions that have the same value for identifier and application data.
Endpoints can update the associations between RTP media streams as expressed by msid attributes at any time; the semantics and restrictions of such grouping and ungrouping are application dependent.
This section describes how to use the msid-semantic attribute for associating media descriptions representing MediaStreamTracks within MediaStreams as defined in [W3C.WD-webrtc-20150210].
In the Javascript API, each MediaStream and MediaStreamTrack has an "id" attribute, which is a DOMString.
The semantic token for this semantic is "WMS" (short for WebRTC Media Stream).
The value of the "msid-id" field in the msid consists of the "id" attribute of a MediaStream, as defined in its WebIDL specification.
The value of the "msid-appdata" field in the msid consists of the "id" attribute of a MediaStreamTrack, as defined in its WebIDL specification.
If two different media descriptions have MSID attributes with the same values for "msid-id" and "msid-appdata", it means that these two media descriptions are both intended for the same MediaStreamTrack. So far, no semantic for such a mixture have been defined, but this specification does not forbid the practice.
When an SDP description is updated, a specific "msid-id" continues to refer to the same MediaStream, and a specific "msid-appdata" to the same MediaStreamTrack. There is no memory apart from the currently valid SDP descriptions; if an msid "identifier" value disappears from the SDP and appears in a later negotiation, it will be taken to refer to a new MediaStream.
The following are the rules for handling updates of the list of media descriptions and their msid values.
[RFC3550] section 6.3.4 (BYE packet received) and 6.3.5 (timeout), and when the corresponding media description is disabled by setting the port number to zero. Changing the direction of the media description (by setting "sendonly", "recvonly" or "inactive" attributes) will not close the MediaStreamTrack. (This mechanism may be used to signal that a particular MediaStreamTrack should be put on temporary hold, but that usage is not specified in this memo.)
In addition to signaling that the track is closed when its msid attribute disappears from the SDP, the track will also be signaled as being closed when all associated SSRCs have disappeared by the rules of
The association between SSRCs and media descriptions is specified in [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-jsep].
Entities that do not use msid will not send msid. This means that there will be some incoming RTP packets that the recipient has no predefined MediaStream id value for.
Note that this handling is triggered by incoming RTP packets, not by SDP negotiation.
When MSID is used, the only time this can happen is when, at a time subsequent to the initial negotiation, a negotiation is performed where the answerer adds a MediaStreamTrack to an already established connection and starts sending data before the answer is received by the offerer. For initial negotiation, packets won't flow until the ICE candidates and fingerprints have been exchanged, so this is not an issue.
The recipient of those packets will perform the following steps:
The process above may involve a considerable amount of buffering before the stable state is entered, If the implementation wishes to limit this buffering, it MUST signal to the user that media has been discarded.
It follows from the above that media stream tracks in the "default" media stream cannot be closed by removing the msid attribute; the application must instead signal these as closed when the SSRC disappears according to the rules of RFC 3550 section 6.3.4 and 6.3.5 or by disabling the media description by setting its port to zero.
These procedures are given in terms of RFC 3264-recommended sections. They describe the actions to be taken in terms of MediaStreams and MediaStreamTracks; they do not include event signalling inside the application, which is described in JSEP.
For each media description in the offer, if there is an associated outgoing MediaStreamTrack, the offerer adds one "a=msid" attribute to the section for each MediaStream with which the MediaStreamTrack is associated. The "identifier" field of the attribute is set to the WebIDL "id" attribute of the MediaStream, and the "appdata" field is set to the WebIDL "id" attribute of the MediaStreamTrack.
For each media description in the offer, and for each "a=msid" attribute in the media description where the "msid-id" is associated with the "WMS" semantic, the receiver of the offer will perform the following steps:
The answer is generated in exactly the same manner as the offer. "a=msid" values in the offer do not influence the answer.
The answer is processed in exactly the same manner as the offer.
On subsequent exchanges, precisely the same procedure as for the initial offer/answer is followed, but with one additional step in the parsing of the offer and answer:
The following SDP description shows the representation of a WebRTC PeerConnection with two MediaStreams, each of which has one audio and one video track. Only the parts relevant to the MSID are shown.
Line wrapping, empty lines and comments are added for clarity. They are not part of the SDP.
# First MediaStream - id is 4701...
m=audio 56500 UDP/TLS/RTP/SAVPF 96 0 8 97 98
a=msid:47017fee-b6c1-4162-929c-a25110252400
f83006c5-a0ff-4e0a-9ed9-d3e6747be7d9
m=video 56502 UDP/TLS/RTP/SAVPF 100 101
a=msid:47017fee-b6c1-4162-929c-a25110252400
b47bdb4a-5db8-49b5-bcdc-e0c9a23172e0
# Second MediaStream - id is 6131....
m=audio 56503 UDP/TLS/RTP/SAVPF 96 0 8 97 98
a=msid:61317484-2ed4-49d7-9eb7-1414322a7aae
b94006c5-cade-4e0a-9ed9-d3e6747be7d9
m=video 56504 UDP/TLS/RTP/SAVPF 100 101
a=msid:61317484-2ed4-49d7-9eb7-1414322a7aae
f30bdb4a-1497-49b5-3198-e0c9a23172e0
This document requests IANA to register the "msid" attribute in the "att-field (media level only)" registry within the SDP parameters registry, according to the procedures of [RFC4566]
The required information for "msid" is:
An adversary with the ability to modify SDP descriptions has the ability to switch around tracks between media streams. This is a special case of the general security consideration that modification of SDP descriptions needs to be confined to entities trusted by the application.
If implementing buffering as mentioned in Section 3.1, the amount of buffering should be limited to avoid memory exhaustion attacks.
No other attacks have been identified that depend on this mechanism.
This note is based on sketches from, among others, Justin Uberti and Cullen Jennings.
Special thanks to Flemming Andreassen, Miguel Garcia, Martin Thomson, Ted Hardie, Adam Roach and Paul Kyzivat for their work in reviewing this draft, with many specific language suggestions.
| [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-jsep] | Uberti, J., Jennings, C. and E. Rescorla, "Javascript Session Establishment Protocol", Internet-Draft draft-ietf-rtcweb-jsep-09, March 2015. |
| [RFC2119] | Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. |
| [RFC3550] | Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R. and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003. |
| [RFC4566] | Handley, M., Jacobson, V. and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006. |
| [RFC5234] | Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, January 2008. |
| [W3C.WD-webrtc-20150210] | Bergkvist, A., Burnett, D., Jennings, C. and A. Narayanan, "WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between Browsers", World Wide Web Consortium WD WD-webrtc-20150210, February 2015. |
| [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation] | Holmberg, C., Alvestrand, H. and C. Jennings, "Negotiating Media Multiplexing Using the Session Description Protocol (SDP)", Internet-Draft draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-bundle-negotiation-19, March 2015. |
| [I-D.ietf-rtcweb-overview] | Alvestrand, H., "Overview: Real Time Protocols for Browser-based Applications", Internet-Draft draft-ietf-rtcweb-overview-13, November 2014. |
| [RFC5761] | Perkins, C. and M. Westerlund, "Multiplexing RTP Data and Control Packets on a Single Port", RFC 5761, April 2010. |
| [RFC5888] | Camarillo, G. and H. Schulzrinne, "The Session Description Protocol (SDP) Grouping Framework", RFC 5888, June 2010. |
One suggested mechanism has been to use CNAME instead of a new attribute. This was abandoned because CNAME identifies a synchronization context; one can imagine both wanting to have tracks from the same synchronization context in multiple MediaStreams and wanting to have tracks from multiple synchronization contexts within one MediaStream (but the latter is impossible, since a MediaStream is defined to impose synchronization on its members).
Another suggestion has been to put the msid value within an attribute of RTCP SR (sender report) packets. This doesn't offer the ability to know that you have seen all the tracks currently configured for a media stream.
A suggestion that survived for a number of drafts was to define "msid" as a generic mechanism, where the particular semantics of this usage of the mechanism would be defined by an "a=wms-semantic" attribute. This was removed in April 2015.
This appendix should be deleted before publication as an RFC.
Added track identifier.
Added inclusion-by-reference of draft-lennox-mmusic-source-selection for track muting.
Some rewording.
Split document into sections describing a generic grouping mechanism and sections describing the application of this grouping mechanism to the WebRTC MediaStream concept.
Removed the mechanism for muting tracks, since this is not central to the MSID mechanism.
Changed the draft name according to the wishes of the MMUSIC group chairs.
Added text indicting cases where it's appropriate to have the same appdata for multiple SSRCs.
Minor textual updates.
Increased the amount of explanatory text, much based on a review by Miguel Garcia.
Removed references to BUNDLE, since that spec is under active discussion.
Removed distinguished values of the MSID identifier.
Changed the order of the "msid-semantic: " attribute's value fields and allowed multiple identifiers. This makes the attribute useful as a marker for "I understand this semantic".
Changed the syntax for "identifier" and "appdata" to be "token".
Changed the registry for the "msid-semantic" attribute values to be a new registry, based on advice given in Atlanta.
Updated terminology to refer to m-lines rather than RTP sessions when discussing SDP formats and the ability of other linking mechanisms to refer to SSRCs.
Changed the "default" mechanism to return independent streams after considering the synchronization problem.
Removed the space from between "msid-semantic" and its value, to be consistent with RFC 5576.
Reworked msid mechanism to be a per-m-line attribute, to align with draft-roach-mmusic-unified-plan.
Corrected several missed cases where the word "ssrc" was not changed to "M-line".
Added pointer to unified-plan (which should be moved to point to -jsep)
Removed suggestion that ssrc-group attributes can be used with "msid-semantic", it is now only the msid-semantic registry.
Corrected even more cases where the word "ssrc" was not changed to "M-line".
Added the functionality of using an asterisk (*) in the msid-semantic line, in order to remove the need for listing all msids in the msid-semantic line whne only one msid-semantic is in use.
Removed some now-unnecessary text.
Changed title to reflect focus on WebRTC MediaStreams
Added a section on receiver-side media stream control, using the "msid-control" attribute.
Removed the msid-control section after WG discussion.
Removed some text that seemed only to pertain to resolved issues.
Addressed issues found in Fleming Andreassen's review
Referenced JSEP rather than unified-plan for the M-line mapping model
Relaxed MSID definition to allow "token-char" in values rather than a-z 0-9 hyphen; tightened ABNF by adding length description to it.
Deleted discussion of abandoned alternatives, as part of preparing for publication.
Added a "detailed procedures" section to the WMS semantics description.
Added IANA registration of the "msid-semantic" attribute.
Changed terminology from referring to "WebRTC device" to referring to "entities that implement the WMS semantic".
Changed names for ABNF constructions based on a proposal by Paul Kyzivat.
Included a section on generic offer/answer semantics.
Removed Appendix B that described the (now obsolete) ssrc-specific usage of MSID.
Adopted a restructuring of the IANA section based on a suggestion from Martin Thomson.
A number of text and ABNF clarifications based on suggestions from Ted Hardie, Paul Kyzivat and Adam Roach.
Changed the "non-signalled track handling" to create a single stream with multiple tracks again, according to discussions at TPAC in November 2014
Removed "wms-semantic" and all mention of multiple semantics for msid, as agreed at the Dallas IETF, March 2015.
Addressed a number of review comments from Fleming Andresen and others.
Changed the term "m-line" to "media description", since that is the term used in RFC 4566.
Tried to make sure this document does not describe the API to the application.