| Network Working Group | A. Begen |
| Internet-Draft | Networked Media |
| Obsoletes: 4566 (if approved) | P. Kyzivat |
| Intended status: Standards Track | |
| Expires: June 21, 2019 | C. Perkins |
| University of Glasgow | |
| M. Handley | |
| UCL | |
| December 18, 2018 |
SDP: Session Description Protocol
draft-ietf-mmusic-rfc4566bis-32
This memo defines the Session Description Protocol (SDP). SDP is intended for describing multimedia sessions for the purposes of session announcement, session invitation, and other forms of multimedia session initiation. This document obsoletes RFC 4566.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on June 21, 2019.
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When initiating multimedia teleconferences, voice-over-IP calls, streaming video, or other sessions, there is a requirement to convey media details, transport addresses, and other session description metadata to the participants.
SDP provides a standard representation for such information, irrespective of how that information is transported. SDP is purely a format for session description -- it does not incorporate a transport protocol, and it is intended to use different transport protocols as appropriate, including the Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) [RFC2974], Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261], Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) [RFC7826], electronic mail using the MIME extensions [RFC5322], and the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) [RFC7230].
SDP is intended to be general purpose so that it can be used in a wide range of network environments and applications. However, it is not intended to support negotiation of session content or media encodings: this is viewed as outside the scope of session description.
This memo obsoletes [RFC4566]. The changes relative to [RFC4566] are limited to essential corrections, and are outlined in Section 10 of this memo.
The following terms are used in this document and have specific meaning within the context of this document.
The terms "multimedia conference" and "multimedia session" are used in this document as defined in [RFC7656]. The terms "session" and "multimedia session" are used interchangeably in this document.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control protocol for creating, modifying, and terminating sessions such as Internet multimedia conferences, Internet telephone calls, and multimedia distribution. The SIP messages used to create sessions carry session descriptions that allow participants to agree on a set of compatible media types. These session descriptions are commonly formatted using SDP. When used with SIP, the offer/answer model provides a limited framework for negotiation using SDP.
The Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), is an application-level protocol for control over the delivery of data with real-time properties. RTSP provides an extensible framework to enable controlled, on-demand delivery of real-time data, such as audio and video. An RTSP client and server negotiate an appropriate set of parameters for media delivery, partially using SDP syntax to describe those parameters.
Alternative means of conveying session descriptions include electronic mail and the World Wide Web (WWW). For both email and WWW distribution, the media type "application/sdp" is used. This enables the automatic launching of applications for participation in the session from the WWW client or mail reader in a standard manner.
Note that descriptions of multicast sessions made only via email or the WWW do not have the property that the receiver of a session description can necessarily receive the session because the multicast sessions may be restricted in scope, and access to the WWW server or reception of email is possible outside this scope.
In order to assist the advertisement of multicast multimedia conferences and other multicast sessions, and to communicate the relevant session setup information to prospective participants, a distributed session directory may be used. An instance of such a session directory periodically sends packets containing a description of the session to a well-known multicast group. These advertisements are received by other session directories such that potential remote participants can use the session description to start the tools required to participate in the session.
One protocol used to implement such a distributed directory is the SAP. SDP provides the recommended session description format for such session announcements.
The purpose of SDP is to convey information about media streams in multimedia sessions to allow the recipients of a session description to participate in the session. SDP is primarily intended for use in an internetwork, although it is sufficiently general that it can describe multimedia conferences in other network environments. Media streams can be many-to-many. Sessions need not be continually active.
Thus far, multicast-based sessions on the Internet have differed from many other forms of conferencing in that anyone receiving the traffic can join the session (unless the session traffic is encrypted). In such an environment, SDP serves two primary purposes. It is a means to communicate the existence of a session, and it is a means to convey sufficient information to enable joining and participating in the session. In a unicast environment, only the latter purpose is likely to be relevant.
An SDP description includes the following:
As resources necessary to participate in a session may be limited, some additional information may also be desirable:
In general, SDP must convey sufficient information to enable applications to join a session (with the possible exception of encryption keys) and to announce the resources to be used to any non-participants that may need to know. (This latter feature is primarily useful when SDP is used with a multicast session announcement protocol.)
An SDP description includes the following media information:
In addition to media format and transport protocol, SDP conveys address and port details. For an IP multicast session, these comprise:
This address and port is the destination address and destination port of the multicast stream, whether being sent, received, or both.
For unicast IP sessions, the following are conveyed:
The semantics of this address and port depend on the media and transport protocol defined. By default, this SHOULD be the remote address and remote port to which media is sent. Some media types may redefine this behavior, but this is NOT RECOMMENDED since it complicates implementations (including middleboxes that must parse the addresses to open Network Address Translation (NAT) or firewall pinholes).
Sessions may be either bounded or unbounded in time. Whether or not they are bounded, they may be only active at specific times. SDP can convey:
This timing information is globally consistent, irrespective of local time zone or daylight saving time (see Section 5.9).
A session description could convey enough information to decide whether or not to participate in a session. SDP may include additional pointers in the form of Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) for more information about the session.
When many session descriptions are being distributed by an advertisement mechanism, it may be desirable to filter session descriptions that are of interest from those that are not. SDP supports a categorization mechanism for sessions that is capable of being automated (the "a=cat:" attribute; see Section 6).
The SDP specification recommends the use of the ISO 10646 character set in the UTF-8 encoding [RFC3629] to allow many different languages to be represented. However, to assist in compact representations, SDP also allows other character sets such as ISO 8859-1 to be used when desired. Internationalization only applies to free-text sub-fields (session name and background information), and not to SDP as a whole.
An SDP description is denoted by the media type "application/sdp" (See Section 8).
An SDP description is entirely textual. SDP field names and attribute names use only the US-ASCII subset of UTF-8, but textual fields and attribute values MAY use the full ISO 10646 character set in UTF-8 encoding, or some other character set defined by the "a=charset:" attribute. Field and attribute values that use the full UTF-8 character set are never directly compared, hence there is no requirement for UTF-8 normalization. The textual form, as opposed to a binary encoding such as ASN.1 or XDR, was chosen to enhance portability, to enable a variety of transports to be used, and to allow flexible, text-based toolkits to be used to generate and process session descriptions. However, since SDP may be used in environments where the maximum permissible size of a session description is limited, the encoding is deliberately compact. Also, since descriptions may be transported via very unreliable means or damaged by an intermediate caching server, the encoding was designed with strict order and formatting rules so that most errors would result in malformed session descriptions that could be detected easily and discarded. This also allows rapid discarding of encrypted session descriptions for which a receiver does not have the correct key.
An SDP description consists of a number of lines of text of the form:
<type>=<value>
where <type> MUST be exactly one case-significant character and <value> is structured text whose format depends on <type>. In general, <value> is either a number of sub-fields delimited by a single space character or a free format string, and is case-significant unless a specific field defines otherwise. Whitespace separators MUST NOT be used on either side of the "=" sign, however, the value can contain a leading whitespace as part of its syntax, i.e., that whitespace is part of the value.
An SDP description consists of a session-level section followed by zero or more media descriptions. The session-level section starts with a "v=" line and continues to the first media description (or the end of the whole description, whichever comes first). Each media description starts with an "m=" line and continues to the next media description or the end of the whole session description - whichever comes first. In general, session-level values are the default for all media unless overridden by an equivalent media-level value.
Some lines in each description are REQUIRED and some are OPTIONAL, but all MUST appear in exactly the order given here (the fixed order greatly enhances error detection and allows for a simple parser). In the following overview OPTIONAL items are marked with a "*". (For details, see the formal grammar in Section 9.)
Session description
v= (protocol version)
o= (originator and session identifier)
s= (session name)
i=* (session information)
u=* (URI of description)
e=* (email address)
p=* (phone number)
c=* (connection information -- not required if included in
all media descriptions)
b=* (zero or more bandwidth information lines)
One or more time descriptions:
("t=", "r=" and "z=" lines; see below)
k=* (encryption key)
a=* (zero or more session attribute lines)
Zero or more media descriptions
Time description
t= (time the session is active)
r=* (zero or more repeat times)
z=* (optional time zone offset line)
Media description, if present
m= (media name and transport address)
i=* (media title)
c=* (connection information -- optional if included at
session level)
b=* (zero or more bandwidth information lines)
k=* (encryption key)
a=* (zero or more media attribute lines)
The set of type letters is deliberately small and not intended to be extensible -- an SDP parser MUST completely ignore any session description that contains a type letter that it does not understand. The attribute mechanism ("a=" described below) is the primary means for extending SDP and tailoring it to particular applications or media. Some attributes (the ones listed in Section 6 of this memo) have a defined meaning, but others may be added on a media-, or session-specific basis. (Attribute scopes in addition to media- and session- specific may also be defined in extensions to this document. E.g., [RFC5576], [I-D.ietf-mmusic-data-channel-sdpneg].) An SDP parser MUST ignore any attribute it doesn't understand.
An SDP description may contain URIs that reference external content in the "u=", "k=", and "a=" lines. These URIs may be dereferenced in some cases, making the session description non-self-contained.
The connection ("c=") information in the session-level section applies to all the media descriptions of that session unless overridden by connection information in the media description. For instance, in the example below, each audio media description behaves as if it were given a "c=IN IP4 233.252.0.2".
An example SDP description is:
v=0
o=jdoe 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 198.51.100.1
s=SDP Seminar
i=A Seminar on the session description protocol
u=http://www.example.com/seminars/sdp.pdf
e=j.doe@example.com (Jane Doe)
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.2
t=2873397496 2873404696
a=recvonly
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0
m=audio 49180 RTP/AVP 0
m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 99
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.1/127
a=rtpmap:99 h263-1998/90000
Text containing fields such as the session-name-field and information-field are octet strings that may contain any octet with the exceptions of 0x00 (Nul), 0x0a (ASCII newline), and 0x0d (ASCII carriage return). The sequence CRLF (0x0d0a) is used to end a line, although parsers SHOULD be tolerant and also accept lines terminated with a single newline character. If the "a=charset" attribute is not present, these octet strings MUST be interpreted as containing ISO-10646 characters in UTF-8 encoding (the presence of the "a=charset" attribute may force some fields to be interpreted differently).
A session description can contain domain names in the "o=", "u=", "e=", "c=", and "a=" lines. Any domain name used in SDP MUST comply with [RFC1034], [RFC1035]. Internationalized domain names (IDNs) MUST be represented using the ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) form defined in [RFC5890] and MUST NOT be directly represented in UTF-8 or any other encoding (this requirement is for compatibility with [RFC2327] and other early SDP-related standards, which predate the development of internationalized domain names).
v=0
The "v=" line (version-field) gives the version of the Session Description Protocol. This memo defines version 0. There is no minor version number.
o=<username> <sess-id> <sess-version> <nettype> <addrtype>
<unicast-address>
The "o=" line (origin-field) gives the originator of the session (her username and the address of the user's host) plus a session identifier and version number:
In general, the "o=" line serves as a globally unique identifier for this version of the session description, and the sub-fields excepting the version, taken together identify the session irrespective of any modifications.
For privacy reasons, it is sometimes desirable to obfuscate the username and IP address of the session originator. If this is a concern, an arbitrary <username> and private <unicast-address> MAY be chosen to populate the "o=" line, provided that these are selected in a manner that does not affect the global uniqueness of the field.
s=<session name>
The "s=" line (session-name-field) is the textual session name. There MUST be one and only one "s=" line per session description. The "s=" line MUST NOT be empty and SHOULD contain ISO 10646 characters (but see also the "a=charset" attribute). If a session has no meaningful name, the "s= " line SHOULD be used (i.e., a single space as the session name).
i=<session information>
The "i=" line (information-field) provides textual information about the session. There MUST be at most one session-level "i=" line per session description, and at most one "i=" line in each media description. Unless a media level "i=" line is provided, the session-level "i=" line applies to that media description. If the "a=charset" attribute is present, it specifies the character set used in the "i=" line. If the "a=charset" attribute is not present, the "i=" line MUST contain ISO 10646 characters in UTF-8 encoding.
At most one "i=" line can be used for each media description. In media definitions, "i=" lines are primarily intended for labelling media streams. As such, they are most likely to be useful when a single session has more than one distinct media stream of the same media type. An example would be two different whiteboards, one for slides and one for feedback and questions.
The "i=" line is intended to provide a free-form human-readable description of the session or the purpose of a media stream. It is not suitable for parsing by automata.
u=<uri>
The "u=" line (uri-field) provides URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) as used by WWW clients [RFC3986]. The URI should be a pointer to additional information about the session. This line is OPTIONAL. No more than one "u=" line is allowed per session description.
e=<email-address>
p=<phone-number>
The "e=" line (email-field) and "p=" line (phone-field) specify contact information for the person responsible for the session. This is not necessarily the same person that created the session description.
Inclusion of an email address or phone number is OPTIONAL.
If an email address or phone number is present, it MUST be specified before the first media description. More than one email or phone line can be given for a session description.
Phone numbers SHOULD be given in the form of an international public telecommunication number (see ITU-T Recommendation E.164 [E164]) preceded by a "+". Spaces and hyphens may be used to split up a phone-field to aid readability if desired. For example:
p=+1 617 555-6011
Both email addresses and phone numbers can have an OPTIONAL free text string associated with them, normally giving the name of the person who may be contacted. This MUST be enclosed in parentheses if it is present. For example:
e=j.doe@example.com (Jane Doe)
The alternative [RFC5322] name quoting convention is also allowed for both email addresses and phone numbers. For example:
e=Jane Doe <j.doe@example.com>
The free text string SHOULD be in the ISO-10646 character set with UTF-8 encoding, or alternatively in ISO-8859-1 or other encodings if the appropriate session-level "a=charset" attribute is set.
c=<nettype> <addrtype> <connection-address>
The "c=" line (connection-field) contains connection data.
A session description MUST contain either at least one "c=" line in each media description or a single "c=" line at the session level. It MAY contain a single session-level "c=" line and additional "c=" line(s) per media description, in which case the per-media values override the session-level settings for the respective media.
The first sub-field ("<nettype>") is the network type, which is a text string giving the type of network. Initially, "IN" is defined to have the meaning "Internet", but other values MAY be registered in the future (see Section 8).
The second sub-field ("<addrtype>") is the address type. This allows SDP to be used for sessions that are not IP based. This memo only defines IP4 and IP6, but other values MAY be registered in the future (see Section 8).
The third sub-field ("<connection-address>") is the connection address. Additional sub-fields MAY be added after the connection address depending on the value of the <addrtype> sub-field.
When the <addrtype> is IP4 or IP6, the connection address is defined as follows:
The TTL for the session is appended to the address using a slash as a separator. An example is:
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.1/127
IP6 multicast does not use TTL scoping, and hence the TTL value MUST NOT be present for IP6 multicast. It is expected that IP6 scoped addresses will be used to limit the scope of multimedia conferences.
Hierarchical or layered encoding schemes are data streams where the encoding from a single media source is split into a number of layers. The receiver can choose the desired quality (and hence bandwidth) by only subscribing to a subset of these layers. Such layered encodings are normally transmitted in multiple multicast groups to allow multicast pruning. This technique keeps unwanted traffic from sites only requiring certain levels of the hierarchy. For applications requiring multiple multicast groups, we allow the following notation to be used for the connection address:
<base multicast address>[/<ttl>]/<number of addresses>
If the number of addresses is not given, it is assumed to be one. Multicast addresses so assigned are contiguously allocated above the base address, so that, for example:
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.1/127/3
would state that addresses 233.252.0.1, 233.252.0.2, and 233.252.0.3 are to be used with a TTL of 127. This is semantically identical to including multiple "c=" lines in a media description:
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.1/127
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.2/127
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.3/127
Similarly, an IP6 example would be:
c=IN IP6 FF15::101/3
which is semantically equivalent to:
c=IN IP6 FF15::101
c=IN IP6 FF15::102
c=IN IP6 FF15::103
(remembering that the TTL sub-field is not present in IP6 multicast).
Multiple addresses or "c=" lines MAY be specified on a per media description basis only if they provide multicast addresses for different layers in a hierarchical or layered encoding scheme. They MUST NOT be specified for a session-level "c=" line.
The slash notation for multiple addresses described above MUST NOT be used for IP unicast addresses.
b=<bwtype>:<bandwidth>
The OPTIONAL "b=" line (bandwidth-field) denotes the proposed bandwidth to be used by the session or media description. The <bwtype> is an alphanumeric modifier giving the meaning of the <bandwidth> figure. Two values are defined in this specification, but other values MAY be registered in the future (see Section 8 and [RFC3556], [RFC3890]):
A prefix "X-" is defined for <bwtype> names. This is intended for experimental purposes only. For example:
b=X-YZ:128
Use of the "X-" prefix is NOT RECOMMENDED: instead new (non "X-" prefix) <bwtype> names SHOULD be defined, and then MUST be registered with IANA in the standard namespace. SDP parsers MUST ignore bandwidth-fields with unknown <bwtype> names. The <bwtype> names MUST be alphanumeric and, although no length limit is given, it is recommended that they be short.
The <bandwidth> is interpreted as kilobits per second by default (including the transport and network-layer but not the link-layer overhead). The definition of a new <bwtype> modifier MAY specify that the bandwidth is to be interpreted in some alternative unit (the "CT" and "AS" modifiers defined in this memo use the default units).
t=<start-time> <stop-time>
A "t=" line (time-field) initiates a time description that specifies the start and stop times for a session. Multiple time descriptions MAY be used if a session is active at multiple irregularly spaced times; each additional time description specifies additional periods of time for which the session will be active. If the session is active at regular repeat times, a repeat description, initiated by an "r=" line (see below) can be included following the time-field -- in which case the time-field specifies the start and stop times of the entire repeat sequence.
The following example specifies two active intervals:
t=3724394400 3724398000 ; Mon 8-Jan-2018 10:00-11:00 UTC
t=3724484400 3724488000 ; Tue 9-Jan-2018 11:00-12:00 UTC
The first and second sub-fields of the time-field give the start and stop times, respectively, for the session. These values are the decimal representation of Network Time Protocol (NTP) time values in seconds since 1900 [RFC5905]. To convert these values to UNIX time (UTC), subtract decimal 2208988800.
NTP timestamps are elsewhere represented by 64-bit values, which wrap sometime in the year 2036. Since SDP uses an arbitrary length decimal representation, this should not cause an issue (SDP timestamps MUST continue counting seconds since 1900 - NTP will use the value modulo the 64-bit limit).
If the <stop-time> is set to zero, then the session is not bounded, though it will not become active until after the <start-time>. If the <start-time> is also zero, the session is regarded as permanent.
User interfaces SHOULD strongly discourage the creation of unbounded and permanent sessions as they give no information about when the session is actually going to terminate, and so make scheduling difficult.
The general assumption may be made, when displaying unbounded sessions that have not timed out to the user, that an unbounded session will only be active until half an hour from the current time or the session start time, whichever is the later. If behavior other than this is required, an end-time SHOULD be given and modified as appropriate when new information becomes available about when the session should really end.
Permanent sessions may be shown to the user as never being active unless there are associated repeat times that state precisely when the session will be active.
r=<repeat interval> <active duration> <offsets from start-time>
An"r=" line (repeat-field) specifies repeat times for a session. If needed to express complex schedules, multiple repeat-fields may be included. For example, if a session is active at 10am on Monday and 11am on Tuesday for one hour each week for three months, then the <start-time> in the corresponding "t=" line would be the NTP representation of 10am on the first Monday, the <repeat interval> would be 1 week, the <active duration> would be 1 hour, and the offsets would be zero and 25 hours. The corresponding "t=" line stop time would be the NTP representation of the end of the last session three months later. By default, all sub-fields are in seconds, so the "r=" and "t=" lines might be the following:
t=3724394400 3730536000 ; Mon 8-Jan-2018 10:00-11:00 UTC
; Tues 20-Mar-2018 12:00 UTC
r=604800 3600 0 90000 ; 1 week, 1 hour, zero, 25 hours
To make the description more compact, times may also be given in units of days, hours, or minutes. The syntax for these is a number immediately followed by a single case-sensitive character. Fractional units are not allowed -- a smaller unit should be used instead. The following unit specification characters are allowed:
d - days (86400 seconds)
h - hours (3600 seconds)
m - minutes (60 seconds)
s - seconds (allowed for completeness)
Thus, the above repeat-field could also have been written:
r=7d 1h 0 25h
Monthly and yearly repeats cannot be directly specified with a single SDP repeat time; instead, separate time-descriptions should be used to explicitly list the session times.
z=<adjustment time> <offset> <adjustment time> <offset> ....
A "z=" line (zone-field) is an optional modifier to the repeat-fields it immediately follows. It does not apply to any other fields.
To schedule a repeated session that spans a change from daylight saving time to standard time or vice versa, it is necessary to specify offsets from the base time. This is required because different time zones change time at different times of day, different countries change to or from daylight saving time on different dates, and some countries do not have daylight saving time at all.
Thus, in order to schedule a session that is at the same time winter and summer, it must be possible to specify unambiguously by whose time zone a session is scheduled. To simplify this task for receivers, we allow the sender to specify the NTP time that a time zone adjustment happens and the offset from the time when the session was first scheduled. The "z=" line allows the sender to specify a list of these adjustment times and offsets from the base time.
An example might be the following:
t=3724394400 3754123200 ; Mon 8-Jan-2018 10:00 UTC
; Tues 18-Dec-2018 12:00 UTC
r=604800 3600 0 90000 ; 1 week, 1 hour, zero, 25 hours
z=3730928400 -1h 3749680800 0 ; Sun 25-Mar-2018 1:00 UTC,
; offset 1 hour,
; Sun 28-Oct-2018 2:00 UTC, no offset
This specifies that at time 3730928400 (Sun 25-Mar-2018 1:00 UTC, the onset of British Summer Time) the time base by which the session's repeat times are calculated is shifted back by 1 hour, and that at time 3749680800 (Sun 28-Oct-2018 2:00 UTC, the end of British Summer Time) the session's original time base is restored. Adjustments are always relative to the specified start time -- they are not cumulative.
If a session is likely to last several years, it is expected that the session description will be modified periodically rather than transmit several years' worth of adjustments in one session description.
k=<method>
k=<method>:<encryption key>
The "k=" line (key-field) is obsolete and MUST NOT be used. It is included in this document for legacy reasons. One MUST NOT include a "k=" line in an SDP, and MUST discard it if it is received in an SDP.
a=<attribute>
a=<attribute>:<value>
Attributes are the primary means for extending SDP. Attributes may be defined to be used as "session-level" attributes, "media-level" attributes, or both. (Attribute scopes in addition to media- and session- specific may also be defined in extensions to this document. E.g., [RFC5576], [I-D.ietf-mmusic-data-channel-sdpneg].)
A media description may contain any number of "a=" lines (attribute-fields) that are media description specific. These are referred to as "media-level" attributes and add information about the media description. Attribute-fields can also be added before the first media description; these "session-level" attributes convey additional information that applies to the session as a whole rather than to individual media descriptions.
Attribute-fields may be of two forms:
Attribute interpretation depends on the media tool being invoked. Thus receivers of session descriptions should be configurable in their interpretation of session descriptions in general and of attributes in particular.
Attribute names MUST use the US-ASCII subset of ISO-10646/UTF-8.
Attribute values are octet strings, and MAY use any octet value except 0x00 (Nul), 0x0A (LF), and 0x0D (CR). By default, attribute values are to be interpreted as in ISO-10646 character set with UTF-8 encoding. Unlike other text fields, attribute values are NOT normally affected by the "charset" attribute as this would make comparisons against known values problematic. However, when an attribute is defined, it can be defined to be charset dependent, in which case its value should be interpreted in the session charset rather than in ISO-10646.
Attributes MUST be registered with IANA (see Section 8). If an attribute is received that is not understood, it MUST be ignored by the receiver.
m=<media> <port> <proto> <fmt> ...
A session description may contain a number of media descriptions. Each media description starts with an "m=" line (media-field) and is terminated by either the next "m=" line or by the end of the session description. A media-field has several sub-fields:
m=<media> <port>/<number of ports> <proto> <fmt> ...
m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 31
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.1/127/2
m=video 49170/2 RTP/AVP 31
The following attributes are defined. Since application writers may add new attributes as they are required, this list is not exhaustive. Registration procedures for new attributes are defined in Section 8.2.4. Syntax is provided using ABNF [RFC7405] with some of the rules defined further in Section 9.
Name: cat
Value: cat-value
Usage Level: session
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
cat-value = category
category = non-ws-string
Example:
a=cat:foo.bar
This attribute gives the dot-separated hierarchical category of the session. This is to enable a receiver to filter unwanted sessions by category. There is no central registry of categories. This attribute is obsoleted.
Name: keywds
Value: keywds-value
Usage Level: session
Charset Dependent: yes
Syntax:
keywds-value = keywords
keywords = text
Example:
a=keywds:SDP session description protocol
Like the cat attribute, this is to assist identifying wanted sessions at the receiver. This allows a receiver to select interesting sessions based on keywords describing the purpose of the session; there is no central registry of keywords. Its value should be interpreted in the charset specified for the session description if one is specified, or by default in ISO 10646/UTF-8. This attribute is obsoleted.
Name: tool
Value: tool-value
Usage Level: session
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
tool-value = tool-name-and-version
tool-name-and-version = text
Example:
a=tool:foobar V3.2
This gives the name and version number of the tool used to create the session description.
Name: ptime
Value: ptime-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
ptime-value = non-zero-int-or-real
Example:
a=ptime:20
This gives the length of time in milliseconds represented by the media in a packet. This is probably only meaningful for audio data, but may be used with other media types if it makes sense. It should not be necessary to know ptime to decode RTP or vat audio, and it is intended as a recommendation for the encoding/packetization of audio.
Name: maxptime
Value: maxptime-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
maxptime-value = non-zero-int-or-real
Example:
a=maxptime:20
This gives the maximum amount of media that can be encapsulated in each packet, expressed as time in milliseconds. The time SHALL be calculated as the sum of the time the media present in the packet represents. For frame-based codecs, the time SHOULD be an integer multiple of the frame size. This attribute is probably only meaningful for audio data, but may be used with other media types if it makes sense. Note that this attribute was introduced after [RFC2327], and non-updated implementations will ignore this attribute.
Name: rtpmap
Value: rtpmap-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
rtpmap-value = payload-type SP encoding-name
"/" clock-rate [ "/" encoding-params ]
payload-type = zero-based-integer
encoding-name = token
clock-rate = integer
encoding-params = channels
channels = integer
This attribute maps from an RTP payload type number (as used in an "m=" line) to an encoding name denoting the payload format to be used. It also provides information on the clock rate and encoding parameters. Note that the payload type number is indicated in a 7-bit field, limiting the values to inclusively between 0 and 127.
m=audio 49232 RTP/AVP 0
Although an RTP profile can make static assignments of payload type numbers to payload formats, it is more common for that assignment to be done dynamically using "a=rtpmap:" attributes. As an example of a static payload type, consider u-law PCM coded single-channel audio sampled at 8 kHz. This is completely defined in the RTP Audio/Video profile as payload type 0, so there is no need for an "a=rtpmap:" attribute, and the media for such a stream sent to UDP port 49232 can be specified as:
m=audio 49232 RTP/AVP 98
a=rtpmap:98 L16/16000/2
An example of a dynamic payload type is 16-bit linear encoded stereo audio sampled at 16 kHz. If we wish to use the dynamic RTP/AVP payload type 98 for this stream, additional information is required to decode it:
m=audio 49230 RTP/AVP 96 97 98
a=rtpmap:96 L8/8000
a=rtpmap:97 L16/8000
a=rtpmap:98 L16/11025/2
Up to one rtpmap attribute can be defined for each media format specified. Thus, we might have the following:
RTP profiles that specify the use of dynamic payload types MUST define the set of valid encoding names and/or a means to register encoding names if that profile is to be used with SDP. The "RTP/AVP" and "RTP/SAVP" profiles use media subtypes for encoding names, under the top-level media type denoted in the "m=" line. In the example above, the media types are "audio/L8" and "audio/L16".
For audio streams, encoding-params indicates the number of audio channels. This parameter is OPTIONAL and may be omitted if the number of channels is one, provided that no additional parameters are needed.
For video streams, no encoding parameters are currently specified.
Additional encoding parameters MAY be defined in the future, but codec-specific parameters SHOULD NOT be added. Parameters added to an "a=rtpmap:" attribute SHOULD only be those required for a session directory to make the choice of appropriate media to participate in a session. Codec-specific parameters should be added in other attributes (for example, "a=fmtp:").
Note: RTP audio formats typically do not include information about the number of samples per packet. If a non-default (as defined in the RTP Audio/Video Profile [RFC3551]) packetization is required, the "ptime" attribute is used as given above.
At most one of recvonly/sendrecv/sendonly/inactive MAY appear at session level, and at most one MAY appear in each media description.
If any one of these appears in a media description then it applies for that media description. If none appear in a media description then the one from session level, if any, applies to that media description.
If none of the media direction attributes is present at either session level or media level, "sendrecv" SHOULD be assumed as the default for sessions that are not of the multimedia conference type "broadcast" or "H332" (see below).
Within the following SDP example, the "inactive" attribute applies to audio media and the "recvonly" attribute applies to video media.
v=0
o=jdoe 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 198.51.100.1
s=SDP Seminar
i=A Seminar on the session description protocol
u=http://www.example.com/seminars/sdp.pdf
e=j.doe@example.com (Jane Doe)
c=IN IP4 233.252.0.1/127
t=2873397496 2873404696
a=inactive
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0
m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 99
a=rtpmap:99 h263-1998/90000
a=recvonly
Name: recvonly
Value:
Usage Level: session, media
Charset Dependent: no
Example:
a=recvonly
This specifies that the tools should be started in receive-only mode where applicable. Note that recvonly applies to the media only, not to any associated control protocol (e.g., an RTP-based system in recvonly mode SHOULD still send RTCP packets).
Name: sendrecv
Value:
Usage Level: session, media
Charset Dependent: no
Example:
a=sendrecv
This specifies that the tools should be started in send and receive mode. This is necessary for interactive multimedia conferences with tools that default to receive-only mode.
Name: sendonly
Value:
Usage Level: session, media
Charset Dependent: no
Example:
a=sendonly
This specifies that the tools should be started in send-only mode. An example may be where a different unicast address is to be used for a traffic destination than for a traffic source. In such a case, two media descriptions may be used, one sendonly and one recvonly. Note that sendonly applies only to the media, and any associated control protocol (e.g., RTCP) SHOULD still be received and processed as normal.
Name: inactive
Value:
Usage Level: session, media
Charset Dependent: no
Example:
a=inactive
This specifies that the tools should be started in inactive mode. This is necessary for interactive multimedia conferences where users can put other users on hold. No media is sent over an inactive media stream. Note that an RTP-based system MUST still send RTCP (if RTCP is used), even if started inactive.
Name: orient
Value: orient-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
orient-value = portrait / landscape / seascape
portrait = %s"portrait"
landscape = %s"landscape"
seascape = %s"seascape"
; NOTE: These names are case-sensitive.
Example:
a=orient:portrait
Normally this is only used for a whiteboard or presentation tool. It specifies the orientation of the workspace on the screen. Permitted values are "portrait", "landscape", and "seascape" (upside-down landscape).
Name: type
Value: type-value
Usage Level: session
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
type-value = conference-type
conference-type = broadcast / meeting / moderated / test /
H332
broadcast = %s"broadcast"
meeting = %s"meeting"
moderated = %s"moderated"
test = %s"test"
H332 = %s"H332"
; NOTE: These names are case-sensitive.
Example:
a=type:moderated
This specifies the type of the multimedia conference. Suggested values are "broadcast", "meeting", "moderated", "test", and "H332". "recvonly" should be the default for "type:broadcast" sessions, "type:meeting" should imply "sendrecv", and "type:moderated" should indicate the use of a floor control tool and that the media tools are started so as to mute new sites joining the multimedia conference.
Specifying the attribute "type:H332" indicates that this loosely coupled session is part of an H.332 session as defined in the ITU H.332 specification [ITU.H332.1998]. Media tools should be started "recvonly".
Specifying the attribute "type:test" is suggested as a hint that, unless explicitly requested otherwise, receivers can safely avoid displaying this session description to users.
Name: charset
Value: charset-value
Usage Level: session
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
charset-value = <defined in [RFC2978]>
This specifies the character set to be used to display the session name and information data. By default, the ISO-10646 character set in UTF-8 encoding is used. If a more compact representation is required, other character sets may be used. For example, the ISO 8859-1 is specified with the following SDP attribute:
a=charset:ISO-8859-1
The charset specified MUST be one of those registered in the IANA Character Sets registry (http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets), such as ISO-8859-1. The character set identifier is a US-ASCII string and MUST be compared against identifiers from the "Name" or "Preferred MIME Name" field of the registry using a case-insensitive comparison. If the identifier is not recognised or not supported, all strings that are affected by it SHOULD be regarded as octet strings.
Note that a character set specified MUST still prohibit the use of bytes 0x00 (Nul), 0x0A (LF), and 0x0d (CR). Character sets requiring the use of these characters MUST define a quoting mechanism that prevents these bytes from appearing within text fields.
Name: sdplang
Value: sdplang-value
Usage Level: session, media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
sdplang-value = Language-Tag
; Language-Tag defined in RFC5646
Example:
a=sdplang:fr
Multiple sdplang attributes can be provided either at session or media level if the session description or media use multiple languages.
As a session-level attribute, it specifies the language for the session description (not the language of the media). As a media-level attribute, it specifies the language for any media-level SDP information-field associated with that media (again not the language of the media), overriding any sdplang attributes specified at session level.
In general, sending session descriptions consisting of multiple languages is discouraged. Instead, multiple sesssion descriptions SHOULD be sent describing the session, one in each language. However, this is not possible with all transport mechanisms, and so multiple sdplang attributes are allowed although NOT RECOMMENDED.
The "sdplang" attribute value must be a single [RFC5646] language tag in US-ASCII. An "sdplang" attribute SHOULD be specified when a session is distributed with sufficient scope to cross geographic boundaries, where the language of recipients cannot be assumed, or where the session is in a different language from the locally assumed norm.
Name: lang
Value: lang-value
Usage Level: session, media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
lang-value = Language-Tag
; Language-Tag defined in RFC5646
Example:
a=lang:de
Multiple lang attributes can be provided either at session or media level if the session or media has capabilities in more than one language, in which case the order of the attributes indicates the order of preference of the various languages in the session or media, from most preferred to least preferred.
As a session-level attribute, lang specifies a language capability for the session being described. As a media-level attribute, it specifies a language capability for that media, overriding any session-level language(s) specified.
The "lang" attribute value must be a single [RFC5646] language tag in US-ASCII. A "lang" attribute SHOULD be specified when a session is of sufficient scope to cross geographic boundaries where the language of participants cannot be assumed, or where the session has capabilities in languages different from the locally assumed norm.
The "lang" attribute is supposed to be used for setting the initial language(s) used in the session. Events during the session may influence which language(s) are used, and the participants are not strictly bound to only use the declared languages.
Most real-time use cases start with just one language used, while other cases involve a range of languages, e.g. an interpreted or subtitled session. When more than one 'lang' attribute is specified, the "lang" attribute itself does not provide any information about multiple languages being intended to be used during the session, or if the intention is to only select one of the languages. If needed, a new attribute can be defined and used to indicate such intentions. Without such semantics, it is assumed that for a negotiated session one of the declared languages will be selected and used.
Name: framerate
Value: framerate-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
framerate-value = non-zero-int-or-real
Example:
a=framerate:60
This gives the maximum video frame rate in frames/sec. It is intended as a recommendation for the encoding of video data. Decimal representations of fractional values are allowed. It is defined only for video media.
Name: quality
Value: quality-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
quality-value = zero-based-integer
Example:
a=quality:10
10 - the best still-image quality the compression scheme
can give.
5 - the default behavior given no quality suggestion.
0 - the worst still-image quality the codec designer
thinks is still usable.
This gives a suggestion for the quality of the encoding as an integer value. The intention of the quality attribute for video is to specify a non-default trade-off between frame-rate and still-image quality. For video, the value is in the range 0 to 10, with the following suggested meaning:
Name: fmtp
Value: fmtp-value
Usage Level: media
Charset Dependent: no
Syntax:
fmtp-value = fmt SP format-specific-params
format-specific-params = byte-string
; Notes:
; - The format parameters are media type parameters and
; need to reflect their syntax.
Example:
a=fmtp:96 profile-level-id=42e016;max-mbps=108000;max-fs=3600
This attribute allows parameters that are specific to a particular format to be conveyed in a way that SDP does not have to understand them. The format must be one of the formats specified for the media. Format-specific parameters, semicolon separated, may be any set of parameters required to be conveyed by SDP and given unchanged to the media tool that will use this format. At most one instance of this attribute is allowed for each format.
The fmtp attribute may be used to specify parameters for any protocol and format that defines use of such parameters.
SDP is frequently used with the Session Initiation Protocol using the offer/answer model to agree on parameters for unicast sessions. When used in this manner, the security considerations of those protocols apply.
SDP is a session description format that describes multimedia sessions. Entities receiving and acting upon an SDP message SHOULD be aware that a session description cannot be trusted unless it has been obtained by an authenticated and integrity-protected transport protocol from a known and trusted source. Many different transport protocols may be used to distribute session descriptions, and the nature of the authentication and integrity-protection will differ from transport to transport. For some transports, security features are often not deployed. In case a session description has not been obtained in a trusted manner, the endpoint SHOULD exercise care because, among other attacks, the media sessions received may not be the intended ones, the destination where media is sent to may not be the expected one, any of the parameters of the session may be incorrect, or the media security may be compromised. It is up to the endpoint to make a sensible decision taking into account the security risks of the application and the user preferences - the endpoint may decide to ask the user whether or not to accept the session.
On receiving a session description over an unauthenticated transport mechanism or from an untrusted party, software parsing the session should take a few precautions. Similar concerns apply if integrity protection is not in place. Session descriptions contain information required to start software on the receiver's system. Software that parses a session description MUST NOT be able to start other software except that which is specifically configured as appropriate software to participate in multimedia sessions. It is normally considered inappropriate for software parsing a session description to start, on a user's system, software that is appropriate to participate in multimedia sessions, without the user first being informed that such software will be started and giving the user's consent. Thus, a session description arriving by session announcement, email, session invitation, or WWW page MUST NOT deliver the user into an interactive multimedia session unless the user has explicitly pre-authorized such action. As it is not always simple to tell whether or not a session is interactive, applications that are unsure should assume sessions are interactive.
In this specification, there are no attributes that would allow the recipient of a session description to be informed to start multimedia tools in a mode where they default to transmitting. Under some circumstances it might be appropriate to define such attributes. If this is done, an application parsing a session description containing such attributes SHOULD either ignore them or inform the user that joining this session will result in the automatic transmission of multimedia data. The default behavior for an unknown attribute is to ignore it.
In certain environments, it has become common for intermediary systems to intercept and analyze session descriptions contained within other signaling protocols. This is done for a range of purposes, including but not limited to opening holes in firewalls to allow media streams to pass, or to mark, prioritize, or block traffic selectively. In some cases, such intermediary systems may modify the session description, for example, to have the contents of the session description match NAT bindings dynamically created. These behaviors are NOT RECOMMENDED unless the session description is conveyed in such a manner that allows the intermediary system to conduct proper checks to establish the authenticity of the session description, and the authority of its source to establish such communication sessions. SDP by itself does not include sufficient information to enable these checks: they depend on the encapsulating protocol (e.g., SIP or RTSP). Use of some procedures and SDP extensions (e.g., ICE [RFC8445] and ICE-SIP-SDP [I-D.ietf-mmusic-ice-sip-sdp]) may avoid the need for intermediaries to modify SDP.
Use of the "k=" line poses a significant security risk, since it conveys session encryption keys in the clear. SDP MUST NOT be used to convey keying material, unless it can be guaranteed that the channel over which the SDP is delivered is both private and authenticated. Moreover, the "k=" line provides no way to indicate or negotiate cryptographic key algorithms. As it provides for only a single symmetric key, rather than separate keys for confidentiality and integrity, its utility is severely limited. The "k=" line MUST NOT be used, as discussed in Section 5.12.
One media type registration from [RFC4566] is to be updated, as defined below.
To: ietf-types@iana.org
Subject: Registration of media type "application/sdp"
Type name: application
Subtype name: sdp
Required parameters: None.
Optional parameters: None.
Encoding considerations:
SDP files are primarily UTF-8 format text. The "a=charset:"
attribute may be used to signal the presence of other character
sets in certain parts of an SDP file (see Section 6 of RFC
XXXX). Arbitrary binary content cannot be directly
represented in SDP.
Security considerations:
See Section 7 of RFC XXXX.
Interoperability considerations:
See RFC XXXX.
Published specification:
See RFC XXXX.
Applications which use this media type:
Voice over IP, video teleconferencing, streaming media, instant
messaging, among others. See also Section 3 of RFC XXXX.
Fragment identifier considerations: None
Additional information:
Deprecated alias names for this type: N/A
Magic number(s): None.
File extension(s): The extension ".sdp" is commonly used.
Macintosh File Type Code(s): "sdp "
Person & email address to contact for further information:
IETF MMUSIC working group <mmusic@ietf.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Restrictions on usage: None
Author/Change controller:
Authors of RFC XXXX
IETF MMUSIC working group delegated from the IESG
This specification establishes and initializes IANA parameter registries for seven named SDP sub-fields. Using the terminology in the SDP specification Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF), they are "media", "proto", "att-field", "bwtype", "nettype", and "addrtype".
The contact address for all parameters registered below is:
The set of media types is intended to be small and SHOULD NOT be extended except under rare circumstances. The same rules should apply for media names as for top-level media types, and where possible the same name should be registered for SDP as for MIME. For media other than existing top-level media types, a Standards Track RFC MUST be produced for a new top-level media type to be registered, and the registration MUST provide good justification why no existing media name is appropriate (the "Standards Action" policy of [RFC8126]).
This memo registers the media types "audio", "video", "text", "application", and "message".
Note: The media types "control" and "data" were listed as valid in an early version of this specification (RFC 2327); however, their semantics were never fully specified and they are not widely used. These media types have been removed in this specification, although they still remain valid media type capabilities for a SIP user agent as defined in [RFC3840]. If these media types are considered useful in the future, a Standards Track RFC MUST be produced to document their use. Until that is done, applications SHOULD NOT use these types and SHOULD NOT declare support for them in SIP capabilities declarations (even though they exist in the registry created by [RFC3840]). Also note that [RFC6466] defined the "image" media type.
The "proto" sub-field describes the transport protocol used. The registration procedure for this registry is "RFC Required".
This document registers two values: "RTP/AVP" is a reference to [RFC3550] used under the RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control running over UDP/IP, and "udp" indicates direct use of the UDP protocol.
New transport protocols MAY be defined, and MUST be registered with IANA. Registrations MUST reference an RFC describing the protocol. Such an RFC MAY be Experimental or Informational, although it is preferable that it be Standards Track. The RFC defining a new protocol MUST define the rules by which the "fmt" (see below) namespace is managed.
"proto" names starting with "RTP/" MUST only be used for defining transport protocols that are profiles of the RTP protocol. For example, a profile whose short name is "XYZ" would be denoted by a "proto" sub-field of "RTP/XYZ".
Each transport protocol, defined by the "proto" sub-field, has an associated "fmt" namespace that describes the media formats that may be conveyed by that protocol. Formats cover all the possible encodings that could be transported in a multimedia session.
RTP payload formats under the "RTP/AVP" and other "RTP/*" profiles MUST use the payload type number as their "fmt" value. If the payload type number is dynamically assigned by this session description, an additional "rtpmap" attribute MUST be included to specify the format name and parameters as defined by the media type registration for the payload format. It is RECOMMENDED that other RTP profiles that are registered (in combination with RTP) as SDP transport protocols specify the same rules for the "fmt" namespace.
For the "udp" protocol, allowed "fmt" values are media subtypes from the IANA Media Types registry. The media type and subtype combination <media>/<fmt> specifies the format of the body of UDP packets. Use of an existing media subtype for the format is encouraged. If no suitable media subtype exists, it is RECOMMENDED that a new one be registered through the IETF process [RFC6838] by production of, or reference to, a standards-track RFC that defines the format.
For other protocols, formats MAY be registered according to the rules of the associated "proto" specification.
Registrations of new formats MUST specify which transport protocols they apply to.
Attribute-field names ("att-field") MUST be registered with IANA and documented, to avoid any issues due to conflicting attribute definitions under the same name. Unknown attributes in SDP are simply ignored, but conflicting ones that fragment the protocol are a serious problem.
New attribute registrations are accepted according to the "Specification Required" policy of [RFC8126], provided that the specification includes the following information:
The above is the minimum that IANA will accept. Attributes that are expected to see widespread use and interoperability SHOULD be documented with a standards-track RFC that specifies the attribute more precisely.
Submitters of registrations should ensure that the specification is in the spirit of SDP attributes, most notably that the attribute is platform independent in the sense that it makes no implicit assumptions about operating systems and does not name specific pieces of software in a manner that might inhibit interoperability.
Submitters of registrations should also carefully choose the attribute usage level. They should not choose only "session" when the attribute can have different values when media is disaggregated, i.e., when each m= section has its own IP address on a different endpoint. In that case the attribute type chosen should be "session, media" or "media" (depending on desired semantics). The default rule is that for all new SDP attributes that can occur both in session and media level, the media level overrides the session level. When this is not the case for a new SDP attribute, it MUST be explicitly stated.
IANA has registered the initial set of attribute names ("att-field" values) with definitions as in Section 6 of this memo (these definitions replace those in [RFC4566]).
Updated attribute registrations are accepted according to the "Specification Required" policy of [RFC8126], provided that the specification updating the attribute (for example, by adding a new value) considers the registration information items from Section 8.2.4.1 according to the following bullets:
Items SHOULD be omitted if there is no impact to them as a result of the attribute update.
A proliferation of bandwidth specifiers is strongly discouraged.
New bandwidth specifiers (<bwtype> sub-field values) MUST be registered with IANA. The submission MUST reference a standards-track RFC specifying the semantics of the bandwidth specifier precisely, and indicating when it should be used, and why the existing registered bandwidth specifiers do not suffice.
IANA has registered the bandwidth specifiers "CT" and "AS" with definitions as in Section 5.8 of this memo (these definitions update those in [RFC4566]).
New network types (<nettype> sub-field values) MUST be registered with IANA if SDP needs to be used in the context of non-Internet environments. The registration is subject to the "RFC Required" policy of [RFC8126]. Although these are not normally the preserve of IANA, there may be circumstances when an Internet application needs to interoperate with a non-Internet application, such as when gatewaying an Internet telephone call into the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The number of network types should be small and should be rarely extended. A new network type cannot be registered without registering at least one address type to be used with that network type. A new network type registration MUST reference an RFC that gives details of the network type and address type(s) and specifies how and when they would be used.
IANA has registered the network type "IN" to represent the Internet, with definition as in Sections 5.2 and 5.7 of this memo (these definitions update those in [RFC4566]).
New address types ("addrtype") MUST be registered with IANA. The registration is subject to the "RFC Required" policy of [RFC8126]. An address type is only meaningful in the context of a network type, and any registration of an address type MUST specify a registered network type or be submitted along with a network type registration. A new address type registration MUST reference an RFC giving details of the syntax of the address type. Address types are not expected to be registered frequently.
IANA has registered the address types "IP4" and "IP6" with definitions as in Sections 5.2 and 5.7 of this memo (these definitions update those in [RFC4566]).
In the RFC specifications that register new values for SDP "media", "proto", "fmt", "bwtype", "nettype", and "addrtype" parameters, the authors MUST include the following information for IANA to place in the appropriate registry:
In the case of a new addrtype registration, the author has to check whether the new address type is usable with the existing network types. If yes, the "nettype" registry MUST be updated accordingly. In the case of a new nettype registration, the author MUST specify the usable address type(s).
IANA may refer any registration to the IESG for review, and may request revisions to be made before a registration will be made.
The IANA previously maintained a table of SDP encryption key access method ("enckey") names. This table is obsolete, since the "k=" line is not extensible. New registrations MUST NOT be accepted.
-------------------------------------------------------------------- |Type | SDP Name | Usable addrtype Values | Reference | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |nettype | IN | IP4, IP6 | [RFCXXXX] | |nettype | TN | RFC2543 | [RFC2848] | |nettype | ATM | NSAP, GWID, E164 | [RFC3108] | |nettype | PSTN | E164 | [RFC7195] | --------------------------------------------------------------------
This document adds a new column in the "nettype" registry with the title "Usable addrtype Values" and updates the "nettype" registry as follows:
Note that both [RFC7195] and [RFC3108] registered "E164" as an address type, although [RFC7195] mentions that the "E164" address type has a different context for ATM and PSTN networks.
This document combines all of the (currently) five "att-field" registries into one registry called "att-field" registry, and updates the columns to reflect the name, usage level(s), charset dependency and reference. As such IANA is requested to create a new combined registry using the following columns:
Name | Usage Level | Dependent on Charset? | Mux Category | Reference
The "Name" column reflects the attribute name (as it will appear in the SDP). The "Usage Level" column MUST indicate one or more of the following: session, media, source, dcsa and dcsa(subprotocol). The "Dependent on Charset?" column MUST indicate "Yes" or "No" depending on whether the attribute value is subject to the charset attribute. The "Mux Category" column MUST indicate one of the following categories: NORMAL, NOT RECOMMENDED, IDENTICAL, SUM, TRANSPORT, INHERIT, IDENTICAL-PER-PT, SPECIAL or TBD as defined by [I-D.ietf-mmusic-sdp-mux-attributes]. Finally, the "Reference" column indicates the specification(s) where the attribute is defined.
For example, the attribute "setup" which is defined for both session and media level, will be listed in the new registry as follows:
Name | Usage Level | Dependent on Charset?|Mux Category| Reference |
------|----------------|----------------------|------------|-----------|
setup | session,media, | No |IDENTICAL | [RFC4145] |
| dcsa,dcsa(msrp)| | | [RFC6135] |
| | | | [I-D.mmusic
| | | |-msrp-usage-
| | | |data-channel
| | | |] |
This section provides an Augmented BNF grammar for SDP. ABNF is defined in [RFC5234] and [RFC7405].
; SDP Syntax
session-description = version-field
origin-field
session-name-field
[information-field]
[uri-field]
*email-field
*phone-field
[connection-field]
*bandwidth-field
1*time-description
[key-field]
*attribute-field
*media-description
version-field = %s"v" "=" 1*DIGIT CRLF
;this memo describes version 0
origin-field = %s"o" "=" username SP sess-id SP sess-version SP
nettype SP addrtype SP unicast-address CRLF
session-name-field = %s"s" "=" text CRLF
information-field = %s"i" "=" text CRLF
uri-field = %s"u" "=" uri CRLF
email-field = %s"e" "=" email-address CRLF
phone-field = %s"p" "=" phone-number CRLF
connection-field = %s"c" "=" nettype SP addrtype SP
connection-address CRLF
;a connection field must be present
;in every media description or at the
;session-level
bandwidth-field = %s"b" "=" bwtype ":" bandwidth CRLF
time-description = time-field
[repeat-description]
repeat-description = 1*repeat-field
[zone-field]
time-field = %s"t" "=" start-time SP stop-time CRLF
repeat-field = %s"r" "=" repeat-interval SP typed-time
1*(SP typed-time) CRLF
zone-field = %s"z" "=" time SP ["-"] typed-time
*(SP time SP ["-"] typed-time) CRLF
key-field = %s"k" "=" key-type CRLF
attribute-field = %s"a" "=" attribute CRLF
media-description = media-field
[information-field]
*connection-field
*bandwidth-field
[key-field]
*attribute-field
media-field = %s"m" "=" media SP port ["/" integer]
SP proto 1*(SP fmt) CRLF
; sub-rules of 'o='
username = non-ws-string
;pretty wide definition, but doesn't
;include space
sess-id = 1*DIGIT
;should be unique for this username/host
sess-version = 1*DIGIT
nettype = token
;typically "IN"
addrtype = token
;typically "IP4" or "IP6"
; sub-rules of 'u='
uri = URI-reference
; see RFC 3986
; sub-rules of 'e=', see RFC 5322 for definitions
email-address = address-and-comment / dispname-and-address
/ addr-spec
address-and-comment = addr-spec 1*SP "(" 1*email-safe ")"
dispname-and-address = 1*email-safe 1*SP "<" addr-spec ">"
; sub-rules of 'p='
phone-number = phone *SP "(" 1*email-safe ")" /
1*email-safe "<" phone ">" /
phone
phone = ["+"] DIGIT 1*(SP / "-" / DIGIT)
; sub-rules of 'c='
connection-address = multicast-address / unicast-address
; sub-rules of 'b='
bwtype = token
bandwidth = 1*DIGIT
; sub-rules of 't='
start-time = time / "0"
stop-time = time / "0"
time = POS-DIGIT 9*DIGIT
; Decimal representation of NTP time in
; seconds since 1900. The representation
; of NTP time is an unbounded length field
; containing at least 10 digits. Unlike the
; 64-bit representation used elsewhere, time
; in SDP does not wrap in the year 2036.
; sub-rules of 'r=' and 'z='
repeat-interval = POS-DIGIT *DIGIT [fixed-len-time-unit]
typed-time = 1*DIGIT [fixed-len-time-unit]
fixed-len-time-unit = %s"d" / %s"h" / %s"m" / %s"s"
; NOTE: These units are case-sensitive.
; sub-rules of 'k='
key-type = %s"prompt" /
%s"clear:" text /
%s"base64:" base64 /
%s"uri:" uri
; NOTE: These names are case-sensitive.
base64 = *base64-unit [base64-pad]
base64-unit = 4base64-char
base64-pad = 2base64-char "==" / 3base64-char "="
base64-char = ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "/"
; sub-rules of 'a='
attribute = (att-field ":" att-value) / att-field
att-field = token
att-value = byte-string
; sub-rules of 'm='
media = token
;typically "audio", "video", "text", "image"
;or "application"
fmt = token
;typically an RTP payload type for audio
;and video media
proto = token *("/" token)
;typically "RTP/AVP" or "udp"
port = 1*DIGIT
; generic sub-rules: addressing
unicast-address = IP4-address / IP6-address / FQDN / extn-addr
multicast-address = IP4-multicast / IP6-multicast / FQDN
/ extn-addr
IP4-multicast = m1 3( "." decimal-uchar )
"/" ttl [ "/" numaddr ]
; IP4 multicast addresses may be in the
; range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255
m1 = ("22" ("4"/"5"/"6"/"7"/"8"/"9")) /
("23" DIGIT )
IP6-multicast = IP6-address [ "/" numaddr ]
; IP6 address starting with FF
numaddr = integer
ttl = (POS-DIGIT *2DIGIT) / "0"
FQDN = 4*(alpha-numeric / "-" / ".")
; fully qualified domain name as specified
; in RFC 1035 (and updates)
IP4-address = b1 3("." decimal-uchar)
b1 = decimal-uchar
; less than "224"
IP6-address = 6( h16 ":" ) ls32
/ "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
/ [ h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
/ [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
/ [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
/ [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 ":" ls32
/ [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" ls32
/ [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16
/ [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
h16 = 1*4HEXDIG
ls32 = ( h16 ":" h16 ) / IP4-address
; Generic for other address families
extn-addr = non-ws-string
; generic sub-rules: datatypes
text = byte-string
;default is to interpret this as UTF8 text.
;ISO 8859-1 requires "a=charset:ISO-8859-1"
;session-level attribute to be used
byte-string = 1*(%x01-09/%x0B-0C/%x0E-FF)
;any byte except NUL, CR, or LF
non-ws-string = 1*(VCHAR/%x80-FF)
;string of visible characters
token-char = ALPHA / DIGIT
/ "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&"
/ "'" ; (single quote)
/ "*" / "+" / "-" / "." / "^" / "_"
/ "`" ; (Grave accent)
/ "{" / "|" / "}" / "~"
token = 1*(token-char)
email-safe = %x01-09/%x0B-0C/%x0E-27/%x2A-3B/%x3D/%x3F-FF
;any byte except NUL, CR, LF, or the quoting
;characters ()<>
integer = POS-DIGIT *DIGIT
zero-based-integer = "0" / integer
non-zero-int-or-real = integer / non-zero-real
non-zero-real = zero-based-integer "." *DIGIT POS-DIGIT
; generic sub-rules: primitives
alpha-numeric = ALPHA / DIGIT
POS-DIGIT = %x31-39 ; 1 - 9
decimal-uchar = DIGIT
/ POS-DIGIT DIGIT
/ ("1" 2*(DIGIT))
/ ("2" ("0"/"1"/"2"/"3"/"4") DIGIT)
/ ("2" "5" ("0"/"1"/"2"/"3"/"4"/"5"))
; external references:
ALPHA = <ALPHA definition from RFC5234>
DIGIT = <DIGIT definition from RFC5234>
CRLF = <CRLF definition from RFC5234>
HEXDIG = <HEXDIG definition from RFC5234>
SP = <SP definition from RFC5234>
VCHAR = <VCHAR definition from RFC5234>
URI-reference = <URI-reference definition from RFC3986>
addr-spec = <addr-spec definition from RFC5322>
The ABNF rule for IP6-address has been corrected. As a result, the ABNF rule for IP6-multicast has changed, and the (now unused) rules for hexpart, hexseq, and hex4 have been removed.
IP4 unicast and multicast addresses in the example SDP descriptions have been revised per RFCs 5735 and 5771.
Text in Section 5.2 has been revised to clarify the use of local addresses in case of ICE-like SDP extensions.
Normative and informative references have been updated.
The text regarding the session vs. media-level attribute usage has been clarified.
The case-insensitivity rules from RFC 4855 have been included in this document.
Many people in the IETF Multiparty Multimedia Session Control (MMUSIC) working group have made comments and suggestions contributing to this document.