RTP Payload Format for ISO/IEC 21122 (JPEG XS)

Internet-Draft	RTP Payload Format for JPEG XS	June 2021
Lugan, et al.	Expires 12 December 2021	[Page]

Abstract

This document specifies a Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) payload format to be used for transporting JPEG XS (ISO/IEC 21122) encoded video. JPEG XS is a low-latency, lightweight image coding system. Compared to an uncompressed video use case, it allows higher resolutions and frame rates, while offering visually lossless quality, reduced power consumption, and end-to-end latency confined to a fraction of a frame.¶

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.¶

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.¶

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."¶

This Internet-Draft will expire on 12 December 2021.¶

Copyright Notice

This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.¶

1. Introduction

This document specifies a payload format for packetization of JPEG XS [ISO21122-1] encoded video signals into the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) [RFC3550].¶

The JPEG XS coding system offers compression and recompression of image sequences with very moderate computational resources while remaining robust under multiple compression and decompression cycles and mixing of content sources, e.g. embedding of subtitles, overlays or logos. Typical target compression ratios ensuring visually lossless quality are in the range of 2:1 to 10:1, depending on the nature of the source material. The end-to-end latency can be confined to a fraction of a frame, typically between a small number of lines down to below a single line.¶

2. Conventions, Definitions, and Abbreviations

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.¶

Application Data Unit (ADU): The unit of source data provided as payload to the transport layer, and corresponding, in this RTP payload definition, to a single JPEG XS frame.¶
Colour specification box (CS box): A ISO colour specification box defined in JPEG XS Part 3 [ISO21122-3] that includes colour-related metadata required to correctly display JPEG XS frames, such as colour primaries, transfer characteristics and matrix coefficients.¶
EOC marker: A marker that consists of the two bytes 0xff11 indicating the end of a JPEG XS codestream.¶
JPEG XS codestream: A sequence of bytes representing a compressed image formatted according to JPEG XS Part 1 [ISO21122-1].¶
JPEG XS codestream header: A sequence of bytes, starting with a SOC marker, at the beginning of each JPEG XS codestream encoded in multiple markers and marker segments that does not carry entropy coded data, but metadata such as the frame dimension and component precision.¶
JPEG XS frame: A JPEG XS picture segment in the case of a progressive frame, or, in the case of an interlaced frame, the concatenation of two JPEG XS picture segments.¶
JPEG XS header segment: The concatenation of a video support box [ISO21122-3], a colour specification box [ISO21122-3], and a JPEG XS codestream header.¶
JPEG XS picture segment: The concatenation of a video support box [ISO21122-3], a colour specification box [ISO21122-3], and a JPEG XS codestream.¶
JPEG XS stream: A sequence of JPEG XS frames.¶
Marker: A two-byte functional sequence that is part of a JPEG XS codestream starting with a 0xff byte and a subsequent byte defining its function.¶
Marker segment: A marker along with a 16-bit marker size and payload data following the size.¶
Packetization unit: A portion of an Application Data Unit whose boundaries coincide with boundaries of RTP packet payloads (excluding payload header), i.e. the first (resp. last) byte of a packetization unit is the first (resp. last) byte of a RTP packet payload (excluding its payload header).¶
Slice: The smallest independently decodable unit of a JPEG XS codestream, bearing in mind that it decodes to wavelet coefficients which still require inverse wavelet filtering to give an image.¶
SOC marker: A marker that consists of the two bytes 0xff10 indicating the start of a JPEG XS codestream. The SOC marker is considered an integral part of the JPEG XS codestream header.¶
Video support box (VS box): An ISO video support box, as defined in [ISO21122-3], that includes metadata required to play back a JPEG XS stream, such as its maximum bitrate, its subsampling structure, its buffer model and its frame rate.¶

3. Media Format Description

3.1. Image Data Structures

JPEG XS is a low-latency lightweight image coding system for coding continuous-tone grayscale or continuous-tone colour digital images.¶

This coding system provides an efficient representation of image signals through the mathematical tool of wavelet analysis. The wavelet filter process separates each component into multiple bands, where each band consists of multiple coefficients describing the image signal of a given component within a frequency domain specific to the wavelet filter type, i.e. the particular filter corresponding to the band.¶

Wavelet coefficients are grouped into precincts, where each precinct includes all coefficients over all bands that contribute to a spatial region of the image.¶

One or multiple precincts are furthermore combined into slices consisting of an integer number of precincts. Precincts do not cross slice boundaries, and wavelet coefficients in precincts that are part of different slices can be decoded independently from each other. Note, however, that the wavelet transformation runs across slice boundaries. A slice always extends over the full width of the image, but may only cover parts of its height.¶

3.2. Codestream

A JPEG XS codestream header, starting with an SOC marker, followed by one or more slices, and terminated by an EOC marker form a JPEG XS codestream.¶

The JPEG XS codestream format, including the definition of all markers, is further defined in [ISO21122-1]. It represents sample values of a single image, without any interpretation relative to a colour space.¶

3.3. Video support box and colour specification box

While the information defined in the codestream is sufficient to reconstruct the sample values of one image, the interpretation of the samples remains undefined by the codestream itself. This interpretation is given by the video support box and the colour specification box which contain significant information to correctly play the JPEG XS stream. The layout and syntax of these boxes, together with their content, are defined in [ISO21122-3].¶

The video support box provides information on the maximum bitrate, the frame rate, the interlaced mode (progressive or interlaced), the subsampling image format, the informative timecode of the current JPEG XS frame, the profile, level/sublevel used, and optionally on the buffer model and the mastering display metadata.¶

Note that the profile and level/sublevel, specified by respectively the Ppih and Plev fields, specify limits on the capabilities needed to decode the codestream and handle the output. Profiles represent a limit on the required algorithmic features and parameter ranges used in the codestream. The combination of level and sublevel defines a lower bound on the required throughput for a decoder in respectively the image (or decoded) domain and the codestream (or coded) domain. The actual defined profiles and level/sublevels, along with the associated values for the Ppih and Plev fields, are defined in [ISO21122-2].¶

The colour specification box indicates the colour primaries, transfer characteristics, matrix coefficients and video full range flag needed to specify the colour space of the video stream.¶

3.4. JPEG XS Frame

The concatenation of a video support box, a colour specification box, and a JPEG XS codestream forms a JPEG XS picture segment.¶

In the case of a progressive video stream, each JPEG XS frame consists of one single JPEG XS picture segment.¶

In the case of an interlaced video stream, each JPEG XS frame is made of two concatenated JPEG XS picture segments. The codestream of each picture segment corresponds exclusively to one of the two fields of the interlaced frame. Both picture segments SHALL contain identical boxes (i.e. concatenation of the video support box and the colour specification box is byte exact the same for both picture segments of the frame).¶

Note that the interlaced mode, as signaled by the frat field [ISO21122-3] in the video support box, indicates either progressive, interlaced top-field first, or interlaced bottom-field first mode. Thus, in the case of interlaced content, its value SHALL also be identical in both picture segments.¶

4. RTP Payload Format

This section specifies the payload format for JPEG XS streams over the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) [RFC3550].¶

In order to be transported over RTP, each JPEG XS stream is transported in a distinct RTP stream, identified by a distinct Synchronization source (SSRC) [RFC3550].¶

A JPEG XS stream is divided into Application Data Units (ADUs), each ADU corresponding to a single JPEG XS frame.¶

4.1. RTP packetization

An ADU is made of several packetization units. If a packetization unit is bigger than the maximum size of a RTP packet payload, the unit is split into multiple RTP packet payloads, as illustrated in Figure 1. As seen there, each packet SHALL contain (part of) one and only one packetization unit. A packetization unit may extend over multiple packets. The payload of every packet SHALL have the same size (based e.g. on the Maximum Transfer Unit of the network), except (possibly) the last packet of a packetization unit. The boundaries of a packetization unit SHALL coincide with the boundaries of the payload of a packet (excluding the payload header), i.e. the first (resp. last) byte of the packetization unit SHALL be the first (resp. last) byte of the payload (excluding its header).¶

RTP        +-----+------------------------+
Packet #1  | Hdr | Packetization unit #1  |
           +-----+------------------------+
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------+
Packet #2  | Hdr | Packetization unit #2                |
           +-----+--------------------------------------+
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
Packet #3  | Hdr | Packetization unit #3  (part 1/3)                |
           +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
Packet #4  | Hdr | Packetization unit #3  (part 2/3)                |
           +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
RTP        +-----+----------------------------------------------+
Packet #5  | Hdr | Packetization unit #3  (part 3/3)            |
           +-----+----------------------------------------------+
             ...
RTP        +-----+-----------------------------------------+
Packet #P  | Hdr | Packetization unit #N  (part q/q)       |
           +-----+-----------------------------------------+

Figure 1: Example of ADU packetization

There are two different packetization modes defined for this RTP payload format.¶

Codestream packetization mode: in this mode, the packetization unit SHALL be the entire JPEG XS picture segment (i.e. codestream preceded by boxes). This means that a progressive frame will have a single packetization unit, while an interlaced frame will have two. The progressive case is illustrated in Figure 2.¶
Slice packetization mode: in this mode, the packetization unit SHALL be the slice, i.e. there SHALL be data from no more than one slice per RTP packet. The first packetization unit SHALL be made of the JPEG XS header segment (i.e. the concatenation of the VS box, the CS box and the JPEG XS codestream header). This first unit is then followed by successive units, each containing one and only one slice. The packetization unit containing the last slice of a JPEG XS codestream SHALL also contain the EOC marker immediately following this last slice. This is illustrated in Figure 3. In the case of an interlaced frame, the JPEG XS header segment of the second field SHALL be in its own packetization unit.¶

RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
Packet #1  | Hdr | VS box + CS box + JPEG XS codestream (part 1/q)  |
           +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
Packet #2  | Hdr | JPEG XS codestream (part 2/q)                    |
           +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
             ...
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------+
Packet #P  | Hdr | JPEG XS codestream (part q/q)        |
           +-----+--------------------------------------+

Figure 2: Example of codestream packetization mode

RTP        +-----+----------------------------+
Packet #1  | Hdr | JPEG XS header segment     |
           +-----+----------------------------+
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
Packet #2  | Hdr | Slice #1  (part 1/2)                             |
           +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
RTP        +-----+-------------------------------------------+
Packet #3  | Hdr | Slice #1  (part 2/2)                      |
           +-----+-------------------------------------------+
RTP        +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
Packet #4  | Hdr | Slice #2  (part 1/3)                             |
           +-----+--------------------------------------------------+
             ...
RTP        +-----+---------------------------------------+
Packet #P  | Hdr | Slice #N  (part q/q) + EOC marker     |
           +-----+---------------------------------------+

Figure 3: Example of slice packetization mode

Due to the constant bit-rate of JPEG XS, the codestream packetization mode guarantees that a JPEG XS RTP stream will produce a constant number of bytes per frame, and a constant number of RTP packets per frame. To reach the same guarantee with the slice packetization mode, an additional mechanism is required. This can involve a constraint at the rate allocation stage in the JPEG XS encoder to impose a constant bit-rate at the slice level, the usage of padding data, or the insertion of empty RTP packets (i.e. a RTP packet whose payload data is empty).¶

4.2. RTP Header Usage

The format of the RTP header is specified in [RFC3550] and reprinted in Figure 4 for convenience. This RTP payload format uses the fields of the header in a manner consistent with that specification.¶

The RTP payload (and the settings for some RTP header bits) for packetization units are specified in Section 4.3.¶

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   | V |P|X|  CC   |M|     PT      |       sequence number         |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                           timestamp                           |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |           synchronization source (SSRC) identifier            |
   +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
   |            contributing source (CSRC) identifiers             |
   |                             ....                              |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 4: RTP header according to RFC 3550

The version (V), padding (P), extension (X), CSRC count (CC), sequence number, synchronization source (SSRC) and contributing source (CSRC) fields follow their respective definitions in [RFC3550].¶

The remaining RTP header information to be set according to this RTP payload format is set as follows:¶

Marker (M) [1 bit]:

If progressive scan video is being transmitted, the marker bit denotes the end of a video frame. If interlaced video is being transmitted, it denotes the end of the field. The marker bit SHALL be set to 1 for the last packet of the video frame/field. It SHALL be set to 0 for all other packets.¶

Payload Type (PT) [7 bits]:

A dynamically allocated payload type field that designates the payload as JPEG XS video.¶

Timestamp [32 bits]:

The RTP timestamp is set to the sampling timestamp of the content. A 90 kHz clock rate SHALL be used.¶

As specified in [RFC3550] and [RFC4175], the RTP timestamp designates the sampling instant of the first octet of the frame to which the RTP packet belongs. Packets SHALL NOT include data from multiple frames, and all packets belonging to the same frame SHALL have the same timestamp. Several successive RTP packets will consequently have equal timestamps if they belong to the same frame (that is until the marker bit is set to 1, marking the last packet of the frame), and the timestamp is only increased when a new frame begins.¶

If the sampling instant does not correspond to an integer value of the clock, the value SHALL be truncated to the next lowest integer, with no ambiguity.¶

4.3. Payload Header Usage

The first four bytes of the payload of an RTP packet in this RTP payload format are referred to as the payload header. Figure 5 illustrates the structure of this payload header.¶

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |T|K|L| I |F counter|     SEP counter     |     P counter       |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Figure 5: Payload header

The payload header consists of the following fields:¶

Transmission mode (T) [1 bit]:

The T bit is set to indicate that packets are sent sequentially by the transmitter. This information allows a receiver to dimension its input buffer(s) accordingly. If T=0, nothing can be assumed about the transmission order and packets may be sent out-of-order by the transmitter. If T=1, packets SHALL be sent sequentially by the transmitter.¶

pacKetization mode (K) [1 bit]:

The K bit is set to indicate which packetization mode is used. K=0 indicates codestream packetization mode, while K=1 indicates slice packetization mode. In the case that the Transmission mode (T) is set to 0, the slice packetization mode SHALL be used and K SHALL be set to 1.¶

Last (L) [1 bit]:

The L bit is set to indicate the last packet of a packetization unit. As the end of the frame also ends the packet containing the last unit of the frame, the L bit is set whenever the M bit is set. If codestream packetization mode is used, L bit and M bit are equivalent.¶

Interlaced information (I) [2 bit]:

These 2 bits are used to indicate how the JPEG XS frame is scanned (progressive or interlaced). In case of an interlaced frame, they also indicate which JPEG XS picture segment the payload is part of (first or second).¶

00:: The payload is progressively scanned.¶
01:: Reserved for future use.¶
10:: The payload is part of the first JPEG XS picture segment of an interlaced video frame. The height specified in the included JPEG XS codestream header is half of the height of the entire displayed image.¶
11:: The payload is part of the second JPEG XS picture segment of an interlaced video frame. The height specified in the included JPEG XS codestream header is half of the height of the entire displayed image.¶

F counter [5 bits]:

The frame (F) counter identifies the frame number modulo 32 to which a packet belongs. Frame numbers are incremented by 1 for each frame transmitted. The frame number, in addition to the timestamp, may help the decoder manage its input buffer and bring packets back into their natural order.¶

SEP counter [11 bits]:

The Slice and Extended Packet (SEP) counter is used differently depending on the packetization mode.¶

In the case of codestream packetization mode (K=0), this counter resets whenever the Packet counter resets (see hereunder), and increments by 1 whenever the Packet counter overruns.¶
In the case of slice packetization mode (K=1), this counter identifies the slice modulo 2047 to which the packet contributes. If the data belongs to the JPEG XS header segment, this field SHALL have its maximal value, namely 2047 = 0x07ff. Otherwise, it is the slice index modulo 2047. Slice indices are counted from 0 (corresponding to the top of the frame).¶

P counter [11 bits]:

The packet (P) counter identifies the packet number modulo 2048 within the current packetization unit. It is set to 0 at the start of the packetization unit and incremented by 1 for every subsequent packet (if any) belonging to the same unit. Practically, if codestream packetization mode is enabled, this field counts the packets within a JPEG XS picture segment and is extended by the SEP counter when it overruns. If slice packetization mode is enabled, this field counts the packets within a slice or within the JPEG XS header segment.¶

4.4. Payload Data

The payload data of a JPEG XS RTP stream consists of a concatenation of multiple JPEG XS frames. Within the RTP stream, all of the video support boxes and all of the colour specification boxes SHALL retain their respective layouts for each JPEG XS frame. Thus, each video support box in the RTP stream SHALL define the same sub boxes. The effective values in the boxes are allowed to change under the condition that their relative byte offsets SHALL NOT change.¶

Each JPEG XS frame is the concatenation of one or more packetization unit(s), as explained in Section 4.1. Figure 6 depicts this layout for a progressive frame in the codestream packetization mode, Figure 7 depicts this layout for an interlaced frame in the codestream packetization mode, Figure 8 depicts this layout for a progressive frame in the slice packetization mode and Figure 9 depicts this layout for an interlaced frame in the slice packetization mode. The Frame counter value is not indicated because the value is constant for all packetization units of a given frame.¶

+=====[ Packetization unit (PU) #1 ]====+
|           Video support box           |  SEP counter=0
|  +---------------------------------+  |  P counter=0
|  :      Sub boxes of the VS box    :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|       Colour specification box        |
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :     Fields of the CS box        :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|          JPEG XS codestream           |
:             (part 1/q)                :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
|          JPEG XS codestream           |  SEP counter=0
|             (part 2/q)                |  P counter=1
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
|          JPEG XS codestream           |  SEP counter=0
|             (part 3/q)                |  P counter=2
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|          JPEG XS codestream           |  SEP counter=1
|            (part 2049/q)              |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|          JPEG XS codestream           |  SEP counter=(q-1) div 2048
|             (part q/q)                |  P counter=(q-1) mod 2048
:                                       :  M=1, K=0, L=1, I=00
+=======================================+

Figure 6: Example of JPEG XS Payload Data (codestream packetization mode, progressive frame)

+=====[ Packetization unit (PU) #1 ]====+
|           Video support box           |  SEP counter=0
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+  P counter=0
|       Colour specification box        |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|     JPEG XS codestream (1st field)    |
:             (part 1/q)                :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=10
+---------------------------------------+
|     JPEG XS codestream (1st field)    |  SEP counter=0
|             (part 2/q)                |  P counter=1
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=10
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|     JPEG XS codestream (1st field)    |  SEP counter=1
|            (part 2049/q)              |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=10
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|     JPEG XS codestream (1st field)    |  SEP counter=(q-1) div 2048
|             (part q/q)                |  P counter=(q-1) mod 2048
:                                       :  M=1, K=0, L=1, I=10
+===============[ PU #2 ]===============+
|           Video support box           |  SEP counter=0
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+  P counter=0
|       Colour specification box        |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|     JPEG XS codestream (2nd field)    |
|             (part 1/q)                |
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=11
+---------------------------------------+
|     JPEG XS codestream (2nd field)    |  SEP counter=0
|             (part 2/q)                |  P counter=1
:                                       :  M=0, K=0, L=0, I=11
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|     JPEG XS codestream (2nd field)    |  SEP counter=(q-1) div 2048
|             (part q/q)                |  P counter=(q-1) mod 2048
:                                       :  M=1, K=0, L=1, I=11
+=======================================+

Figure 7: Example of JPEG XS Payload Data (codestream packetization mode, interlaced frame)

+===[ PU #1: JPEG XS Header segment ]===+
|           Video support box           |  SEP counter=0x07FF
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+  P counter=0
|       Colour specification box        |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|      JPEG XS codestream header        |
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :  Markers and marker segments    :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=00
+==========[ PU #2: Slice #1 ]==========+
|  +---------------------------------+  |  SEP counter=0
|  |           SLH Marker            |  |  P counter=0
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :       Entropy Coded Data        :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=00
+==========[ PU #3: Slice #2 ]==========+
|               Slice #2                |  SEP counter=1
|              (part 1/q)               |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
|               Slice #2                |  SEP counter=1
|              (part 2/q)               |  P counter=1
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|               Slice #2                |  SEP counter=1
|              (part q/q)               |  P counter=q-1
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=00
+=======================================+
:                                       :
+========[ PU #N: Slice #(N-1) ]========+
|             Slice #(N-1)              |  SEP counter=N-2
|              (part 1/r)               |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=00
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|             Slice #(N-1)              |  SEP counter=N-2
|              (part r/r)               |  P counter=r-1
:             + EOC marker              :  M=1, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=00
+=======================================+

Figure 8: Example of JPEG XS Payload Data (slice packetization mode, progressive frame)

+====[ PU #1: JPEG XS Hdr segment 1 ]===+
|           Video support box           |  SEP counter=0x07FF
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+  P counter=0
|       Colour specification box        |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|      JPEG XS codestream header 1      |
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :   Markers and marker segments   :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=10
+====[ PU #2: Slice #1 (1st field) ]====+
|  +---------------------------------+  |  SEP counter=0
|  |           SLH Marker            |  |  P counter=0
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :       Entropy Coded Data        :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=10
+====[ PU #3: Slice #2 (1st field) ]====+
|              Slice #2                 |  SEP counter=1
|             (part 1/q)                |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=10
+---------------------------------------+
|              Slice #2                 |  SEP counter=1
|             (part 2/q)                |  P counter=1
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=10
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|              Slice #2                 |  SEP counter=1
|             (part q/q)                |  P counter=q-1
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=10
+=======================================+
:                                       :
+==[ PU #N: Slice #(N-1) (1st field) ]==+
|            Slice #(N-1)               |  SEP counter=N-2
|             (part 1/r)                |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=10
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|            Slice #(N-1)               |  SEP counter=N-2
|             (part r/r)                |  P counter=r-1
:            + EOC marker               :  M=1, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=10
+=======================================+
+===[ PU #N+1: JPEG XS Hdr segment 2 ]==+
|           Video support box           |  SEP counter=0x07FF
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+  P counter=0
|       Colour specification box        |
+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
|       JPEG XS codestream header 2     |
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :  Markers and marker segments    :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=11
+===[ PU #N+2: Slice #1 (2nd field) ]===+
|  +---------------------------------+  |  SEP counter=0
|  |           SLH Marker            |  |  P counter=0
|  +---------------------------------+  |
|  :      Entropy Coded Data         :  |
|  +---------------------------------+  |  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=11
+===[ PU #N+3: Slice #2 (2nd field) ]===+
|               Slice #2                |  SEP counter=1
|              (part 1/s)               |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=11
+---------------------------------------+
|               Slice #2                |  SEP counter=1
|              (part 2/s)               |  P counter=1
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=11
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|               Slice #2                |  SEP counter=1
|              (part s/s)               |  P counter=s-1
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=11
+=======================================+
:                                       :
+==[ PU #2N: Slice #(N-1) (2nd field) ]=+
|             Slice #(N-1)              |  SEP counter=N-2
|              (part 1/t)               |  P counter=0
:                                       :  M=0, T=0, K=1, L=0, I=11
+---------------------------------------+
:                                       :
+---------------------------------------+
|             Slice #(N-1)              |  SEP counter=N-2
|              (part t/t)               |  P counter=t-1
:             + EOC marker              :  M=1, T=0, K=1, L=1, I=11
+=======================================+

Figure 9: Example of JPEG XS Payload Data (slice packetization mode, interlaced frame)

5. Traffic Shaping and Delivery Timing

In order to facilitate proper synchronization between senders and receivers it is RECOMMENDED to implement traffic shaping and delivery timing in accordance with the Network Compatibility Model compliance definitions specified in [SMPTE-ST2110-21] for either Narrow Senders (Type N), Narrow Linear Senders (Type NL), or Wide Senders (Type W). In such case, the session description SHALL include a format-specific parameter of either TP=2110TPN, TP=2110TPNL, or TP=2110TPW to indicate compliance with Type N, Type NL, or Type W respectively. The actual applied traffic shaping and timing delivery mechanism is outside the scope of this memo and does not influence the payload packetization.¶

NOTE: The Virtual Receiver Buffer Model compliance definitions of [SMPTE-ST2110-21] do not apply.¶

6. Congestion Control Considerations

Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with [RFC3550], and with any applicable RTP profile: e.g., [RFC3551]. An additional requirement if best-effort service is being used is users of this payload format SHALL monitor packet loss to ensure that the packet loss rate is within acceptable parameters. Circuit Breakers [RFC8083] is an update to RTP [RFC3550] that defines criteria for when one is required to stop sending RTP Packet Streams and applications implementing this standard SHALL comply with it. [RFC8085] provides additional information on the best practices for applying congestion control to UDP streams.¶

7. Payload Format Parameters

This section specifies the required and optional parameters of the payload format and/or the RTP stream. All parameters are declarative, meaning that the information signaled by the parameters is also present in the payload data, namely in the payload header (see Section 4.3) or in the JPEG XS header segment [ISO21122-1] [ISO21122-3]. When provided, their respective values SHALL be consistent with the payload.¶

7.1. Media Type Registration

This registration is done using the template defined in [RFC6838] and following [RFC4855].¶

The receiver SHALL ignore any unrecognized parameter.¶

Type name:

video¶

Subtype name:

jxsv¶

Clock rate:

90000¶

Required parameters:

rate:: The RTP timestamp clock rate. Applications using this payload format SHALL use a value of 90000.¶
transmode:: This parameter specifies the configured transmission mode as defined by the Transmission mode (T) bit in the payload header of Section 4.3. This value SHALL be equal to the T bit value configured in the RTP stream (i.e. 0 for out-of-order-allowed or 1 for sequential).¶

Optional parameters:

packetmode:

This parameter specifies the configured packetization mode as defined by the pacKetization mode (K) bit in the payload header of Section 4.3. If specified, this value SHALL be equal to the K bit value configured in the RTP stream (i.e. 0 for codestream or 1 for slice).¶

profile:

The JPEG XS profile [ISO21122-2] in use. Any white space in the profile name SHALL be omitted. Examples of valid profile names are 'Main444.12' or 'High444.12'.¶

level:

The JPEG XS level [ISO21122-2] in use. Any white space in the level name SHALL be omitted. Examples of valid levels names are '2k-1' or '4k-2'.¶

sublevel:

The JPEG XS sublevel [ISO21122-2] in use. Any white space in the sublevel name SHALL be omitted. Examples of valid sublevels are 'Sublev3bpp' or 'Sublev6bpp'.¶

depth:

Determines the number of bits per sample. This is an integer with typical values including 8, 10, 12, and 16.¶

width:

Determines the number of pixels per line. This is an integer between 1 and 32767.¶

height:

Determines the number of lines per frame. This is an integer between 1 and 32767.¶

exactframerate:

Signals the frame rate in frames per second. Integer frame rates SHALL be signaled as a single decimal number (e.g. "25") whilst non-integer frame rates SHALL be signaled as a ratio of two integer decimal numbers separated by a "forward-slash" character (e.g. "30000/1001"), utilizing the numerically smallest numerator value possible.¶

interlace:

If this parameter name is present, it indicates that the video is interlaced, or that the video is Progressive segmented Frame (PsF). If this parameter name is not present, the progressive video format SHALL be assumed.¶

segmented:

If this parameter name is present, and the interlace parameter name is also present, then the video is a Progressive segmented Frame (PsF). Signaling of this parameter without the interlace parameter is forbidden.¶

sampling:

Signals the colour difference signal sub-sampling structure.¶

Signals utilizing the non-constant luminance Y'C'B C'R signal format of Recommendation ITU-R BT.601-7, Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-6, Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020-2, or Recommendation ITU-R BT.2100 SHALL use the appropriate one of the following values for the Media Type Parameter "sampling":¶

         YCbCr-4:4:4    (4:4:4 sampling)
         YCbCr-4:2:2    (4:2:2 sampling)
         YCbCr-4:2:0    (4:2:0 sampling)

Signals utilizing the Constant Luminance Y'C C'BC C'RC signal format of Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020-2 SHALL use the appropriate one of the following values for the Media Type Parameter "sampling":¶

         CLYCbCr-4:4:4  (4:4:4 sampling)
         CLYCbCr-4:2:2  (4:2:2 sampling)
         CLYCbCr-4:2:0  (4:2:0 sampling)

Signals utilizing the constant intensity I CT CP signal format of Recommendation ITU-R BT.2100 SHALL use the appropriate one of the following values for the Media Type Parameter "sampling":¶

         ICtCp-4:4:4    (4:4:4 sampling)
         ICtCp-4:2:2    (4:2:2 sampling)
         ICtCp-4:2:0    (4:2:0 sampling)

Signals utilizing the 4:4:4 R' G' B' or RGB signal format (such as that of Recommendation ITU-R BT.601, Recommendation ITU-R BT.709, Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020, Recommendation ITU-R BT.2100, SMPTE ST 2065-1 or ST 2065-3) SHALL use the following value for the Media Type Parameter sampling.¶

         RGB            (RGB or R' G' B' samples)

Signals utilizing the 4:4:4 X' Y' Z' signal format (such as defined in SMPTE ST 428-1) SHALL use the following value for the Media Type Parameter sampling.¶

         XYZ            (X' Y' Z' samples)

Key signals as defined in SMPTE RP 157 SHALL use the value key for the Media Type Parameter sampling. The Key signal is represented as a single component.¶

         KEY            (Samples of the key signal)

Signals utilizing a colour sub-sampling other than what is defined here SHALL use the following value for the Media Type Parameter sampling.¶

         UNSPECIFIED    (Sampling signaled by the payload.)

colorimetry:

Specifies the system colorimetry used by the image samples. Valid values and their specification are:¶

         BT601-5      ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5.
         BT709-2      ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-2.
         SMPTE240M    SMPTE ST 240M.
         BT601        ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-7.
         BT709        ITU-R Recommendation BT.709-6.
         BT2020       ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020-2.
         BT2100       ITU-R Recommendation BT.2100
                      Table 2 titled "System colorimetry".
         ST2065-1     SMPTE ST 2065-1 Academy Color Encoding
                      Specification (ACES).
         ST2065-3     SMPTE ST 2065-3 Academy Density Exchange
                      Encoding (ADX).
         XYZ          ISO/IEC 11664-1, section titled
                      "1931 Observer".
         UNSPECIFIED  Colorimetry is signaled in the payload by
                      the color specification box of [ISO21122-3],
                      or it must be manually coordinated between
                      sender and receiver.

Signals utilizing the Recommendation ITU-R BT.2100 colorimetry SHOULD also signal the representational range using the optional parameter RANGE defined below. Signals utilizing the UNSPECIFIED colorimetry might require manual coordination between the sender and the receiver.¶

TCS:

Transfer Characteristic System. This parameter specifies the transfer characteristic system of the image samples. Valid values and their specification are:¶

         SDR          Standard Dynamic Range video streams that
                      utilize the OETF of ITU-R Recommendation
                      BT.709 or ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020. Such
                      streams SHALL be assumed to target the EOTF
                      specified in ITU-R Recommendation BT.1886.
         PQ           High dynamic range video streams that utilize
                      the Perceptual Quantization system of ITU-R
                      Recommendation BT.2100.
         HLG          High dynamic range video streams that utilize
                      the Hybrid Log-Gamma system of ITU-R
                      Recommendation BT.2100.
         UNSPECIFIED  Video streams whose transfer characteristics
                      are signaled by the payload as specified in
                      [ISO21122-3], or must be manually
                      coordinated between sender and receiver.

RANGE:

This parameter SHOULD be used to signal the encoding range of the sample values within the stream. When paired with ITU Rec BT.2100 colorimetry, this parameter has two allowed values NARROW and FULL, corresponding to the ranges specified in table 9 of ITU Rec BT.2100. In any other context, this parameter has three allowed values: NARROW, FULLPROTECT, and FULL, which correspond to the ranges specified in SMPTE RP 2077. In the absence of this parameter, and for all but the UNSPECIFIED colorimetry, NARROW SHALL be the assumed value. When paired with the UNSPECIFIED colorimetry, FULL SHALL be the default assumed value.¶

Encoding considerations:

This media type is framed in RTP and contains binary data; see Section 4.8 in [RFC6838].¶

Security considerations:

Please see the Security Considerations (Section 10) of RFC XXXX.¶

Interoperability considerations:

None.¶

Published specification:

See RFC XXXX and its References section.¶

Applications that use this media type:

For example: SMPTE ST 2110, Video over IP, Video conferencing, Broadcast applications.¶

Fragment identifier considerations:

N/A.¶

Additional information:

None.¶

Person & email address to contact for further information:

S. Lugan <rtp@intopix.com> and Th. Richter <jpeg-xs-techsupport@iis.fraunhofer.de>.¶

Intended usage:

COMMON¶

Restrictions on usage:

This media type depends on RTP framing, and hence is only defined for transfer via RTP [RFC3550].¶

Author:

See the Authors' Addresses section of RFC XXXX.¶

Change controller:

IETF Audio/Video Transport working group delegated from the IESG.¶

8. SPD Parameters

A mapping of the parameters into the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [RFC8866] is provided for applications that use SDP.¶

8.1. Mapping of Payload Type Parameters to SDP

The media type video/jxsv string is mapped to fields in the Session Description Protocol (SDP) [RFC8866] as follows:¶

: The media type ("video") goes in SDP "m=" as the media name.¶
: The media subtype ("jxsv") goes in SDP "a=rtpmap" as the encoding name, followed by a slash ("/") and the required parameter "rate" corresponding to the RTP timestamp clock rate (which for the payload format defined in this document SHALL be 90000).¶
: The required parameter "transmode" and any of the additional optional parameters, as described in Section 7.1, go in the SDP media format description, being the "a=fmtp" attribute (Format Parameters), by copying them directly from the MIME media type string as a semicolon-separated list of parameter=value pairs.¶

All parameters of the media format SHALL correspond to the parameters of the payload. In case of discrepancies between payload parameter values and SDP fields, the values from the payload data SHALL prevail.¶

The receiver SHALL ignore any parameter that is not defined in Section 7.1.¶

An example SDP mapping for JPEG XS video is as follows:¶

   m=video 30000 RTP/AVP 112
   a=rtpmap:112 jxsv/90000
   a=fmtp:112 transmode=1;sampling=YCbCr-4:2:2;width=1920;
              height=1080;depth=10;colorimetry=BT709;TCS=SDR;
              RANGE=FULL;TP=2110TPNL

In this example, a JPEG XS RTP stream is to be sent to UDP destination port 30000, with an RTP dynamic payload type of 112 and a media clock rate of 90000 Hz. Note that the "a=fmtp:" line has been wrapped to fit this page, and will be a single long line in the SDP file. This example includes the TP parameter (as specified in Section 5).¶

8.2. Usage with SDP Offer/Answer Model

When JPEG XS is offered over RTP using SDP in an offer/answer model [RFC3264] for negotiation for unicast usage, the following limitations and rules apply:¶

: The "a=fmtp" attribute SHALL be present specifying the required parameter "transmode" and MAY specify any of the optional parameters, as described in Section 7.1.¶
: All parameters in the "a=fmtp" attribute indicate sending capabilities (i.e. properties of the payload).¶
: An answerer of the SDP is required to support all parameters and values of the parameters provided by the offerer; otherwise, the answerer SHALL reject the session. It falls on the offerer to use values that are expected to be supported by the answerer. If the answerer accepts the session, it SHALL reply with the exact same parameters values in the "a=fmtp" attribute as it was offered.¶
: The same RTP payload type number used in the offer SHOULD be used in the answer, as specified in [RFC3264].¶

9. IANA Considerations

The IANA is requested to register the media type registration "video/jxsv" as specified in Section 7.1. The media type is also requested to be added to the IANA registry for "RTP Payload Format MIME types" <https://www.iana.org/assignments/rtp-parameters>.¶

10. Security Considerations

RTP packets using the payload format defined in this memo are subject to the security considerations discussed in [RFC3550] and in any applicable RTP profile such as RTP/AVP [RFC3551], RTP/AVPF [RFC4585], RTP/SAVP [RFC3711], or RTP/SAVPF [RFC5124]. This implies that confidentiality of the media streams is achieved by encryption.¶

However, as "Securing the RTP Framework: Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media Security Solution" [RFC7202] discusses, it is not an RTP payload format's responsibility to discuss or mandate what solutions are used to meet the basic security goals like confidentiality, integrity, and source authenticity for RTP in general. This responsibility lies on anyone using RTP in an application. They can find guidance on available security mechanisms and important considerations in "Options for Securing RTP Sessions" [RFC7201]. Applications SHOULD use one or more appropriate strong security mechanisms.¶

Implementations of this RTP payload format need to take appropriate security considerations into account. It is important for the decoder to be robust against malicious or malformed payloads and ensure that they do not cause the decoder to overrun its allocated memory or otherwise misbehave. An overrun in allocated memory could lead to arbitrary code execution by an attacker. The same applies to the encoder, even though problems in encoders are typically rarer.¶

This payload format and the JPEG XS encoding do not exhibit any substantial non-uniformity, either in output or in complexity to perform the decoding operation and thus are unlikely to pose a denial-of-service threat due to the receipt of pathological datagrams.¶

This payload format and the JPEG XS encoding do not contain code that is executable.¶

It is important to note that HD or UHDTV JPEG XS-encoded video can have significant bandwidth requirements (typically more than 1 Gbps for ultra high-definition video, especially if using high framerate). This is sufficient to cause potential for denial-of-service if transmitted onto most currently available Internet paths.¶

Accordingly, if best-effort service is being used, users of this payload format SHALL monitor packet loss to ensure that the packet loss rate is within acceptable parameters. Packet loss is considered acceptable if a TCP flow across the same network path, and experiencing the same network conditions, would achieve an average throughput, measured on a reasonable timescale, that is not less than the RTP flow is achieving. This condition can be satisfied by implementing congestion control mechanisms to adapt the transmission rate (or the number of layers subscribed for a layered multicast session), or by arranging for a receiver to leave the session if the loss rate is unacceptably high.¶

This payload format may also be used in networks that provide quality-of-service guarantees. If enhanced service is being used, receivers SHOULD monitor packet loss to ensure that the service that was requested is actually being delivered. If it is not, then they SHOULD assume that they are receiving best-effort service and behave accordingly.¶

[ISO21122-1]: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), "Information technology - JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system - Part 1: Core coding system", ISO/IEC IS 21122-1.
[ISO21122-2]: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), "Information technology - JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system - Part 2: Profiles and buffer models", ISO/IEC IS 21122-2.
[ISO21122-3]: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) - International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), "Information technology - JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system - Part 3: Transport and container formats", ISO/IEC IS 21122-3.
[RFC2119]: Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3264]: Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, DOI 10.17487/RFC3264, June 2002, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3264>.
[RFC3550]: Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550, July 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.
[RFC3551]: Schulzrinne, H. and S. Casner, "RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control", STD 65, RFC 3551, DOI 10.17487/RFC3551, July 2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3551>.
[RFC4855]: Casner, S., "Media Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats", RFC 4855, DOI 10.17487/RFC4855, February 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4855>.
[RFC6838]: Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 6838, DOI 10.17487/RFC6838, January 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6838>.
[RFC8083]: Perkins, C. and V. Singh, "Multimedia Congestion Control: Circuit Breakers for Unicast RTP Sessions", RFC 8083, DOI 10.17487/RFC8083, March 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8083>.
[RFC8085]: Eggert, L., Fairhurst, G., and G. Shepherd, "UDP Usage Guidelines", BCP 145, RFC 8085, DOI 10.17487/RFC8085, March 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8085>.
[RFC8174]: Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8866]: Begen, A., Kyzivat, P., Perkins, C., and M. Handley, "SDP: Session Description Protocol", RFC 8866, DOI 10.17487/RFC8866, January 2021, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8866>.

13.2. Informative References

[RFC3711]: Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K. Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)", RFC 3711, DOI 10.17487/RFC3711, March 2004, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3711>.
[RFC4175]: Gharai, L. and C. Perkins, "RTP Payload Format for Uncompressed Video", RFC 4175, DOI 10.17487/RFC4175, September 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4175>.
[RFC4585]: Ott, J., Wenger, S., Sato, N., Burmeister, C., and J. Rey, "Extended RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/AVPF)", RFC 4585, DOI 10.17487/RFC4585, July 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4585>.
[RFC5124]: Ott, J. and E. Carrara, "Extended Secure RTP Profile for Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)-Based Feedback (RTP/SAVPF)", RFC 5124, DOI 10.17487/RFC5124, February 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5124>.
[RFC7201]: Westerlund, M. and C. Perkins, "Options for Securing RTP Sessions", RFC 7201, DOI 10.17487/RFC7201, April 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7201>.
[RFC7202]: Perkins, C. and M. Westerlund, "Securing the RTP Framework: Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media Security Solution", RFC 7202, DOI 10.17487/RFC7202, April 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7202>.
[SMPTE-ST2110-21]: Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, "SMPTE Standard - Professional Media Over Managed IP Networks: Traffic Shaping and Delivery Timing for Video", SMPTE ST 2110-21:2017, 2017, <https://doi.org/10.5594/SMPTE.ST2110-21.2017>.