Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Multi-point Networks and Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) Use Case
draft-ietf-pim-bfd-p2mp-use-case-04

Abstract

This document discusses the use of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for multi-point networks to provide nodes that participate in Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) with the sub-second convergence. Optional extension to PIM-SM Hello, as specified in RFC 7761, to bootstrap point-to-multipoint BFD session. also defined in this document.

Status of This Memo

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This Internet-Draft will expire on January 26, 2021.

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Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Conventions used in this document
• 1.1.1. Terminology
• 1.1.2. Requirements Language
• 2. Problem Statement
• 3. Applicability of p2mp BFD
• 3.1. Using P2MP BFD in PIM DR/BDR Monitoring
• 3.2. P2MP BFD in PIM DR Load Balancing
• 3.3. Multipoint BFD Encapsulation
• 4. IANA Considerations
• 5. Security Considerations
• 6. Acknowledgments
• 7. References
• 7.1. Normative References
• 7.2. Informative References
• Authors' Addresses

1. Introduction

Faster convergence in the control plane, in general, is beneficial and allows minimizing periods of traffic blackholing, transient routing loops, and other scenarios that may negatively affect service data flow. That equally applies to unicast and multicast routing protocols.

[RFC7761] is the current specification of the Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) for IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Confirming implementation of PIM-SM elects a Designated Router (DR) on each PIM-SM interface. When a group of PIM-SM nodes is connected to shared-media segment, e.g., Ethernet, the one elected as DR is to act on behalf of directly connected hosts in the context of the PIM-SM protocol. Failure of the DR impacts the quality of the multicast services it provides to directly connected hosts because the default failure detection interval for PIM-SM routers is 105 seconds. Introduction of Backup DR (BDR), proposed in [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement], improves convergence time in the PIM-SM over shared-media segment but still depends on long failure detection interval.

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) [RFC5880] had been originally defined to detect failure of point-to-point (p2p) paths - single-hop [RFC5881], multihop [RFC5883]. [RFC8562] extends the BFD base specification [RFC5880] for multipoint and multicast networks, which precisely characterizes deployment scenarios for PIM-SM over LAN segment. This document demonstrates how point-to-multipoint (p2mp) BFD can enable faster detection of PIM-SM router failure and thus minimize multicast service disruption. The document also defines the extension to PIM-SM [RFC7761] and [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement] to bootstrap a PIM-SM router to join in p2mp BFD session over shared-media link.

1.1. Conventions used in this document

1.1.1. Terminology

BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

BDR: Backup Designated Router

DR: Designated Router

DRLB: Designated Router Load Balancing

DRLB-Cap: DRLB Capability Hello Option

DRLB-List: DRLB List Hello Option

GDR: Group Designated Router

p2mp: Pont-to-Multipoint

PIM-SM: Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode

1.1.2. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

2. Problem Statement

[RFC7761] does not provide a method for fast, e.g., sub-second, failure detection of a neighbor PIM-SM router. BFD already has many implementations based on HW that are capable of supporting multiple sub-second sessions concurrently.

3. Applicability of p2mp BFD

[RFC8562] may provide an efficient and scalable solution for the fast-converging environment that demonstrates the head-tails relationship. Each such group presents itself as p2mp BFD session with its head being the root and other routers being tails of the p2mp BFD session. Figure 1 displays the new optional BFD Discriminator PIM Hello Option to bootstrap tail of the p2mp BFD session.

    
     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |          OptionType           |         OptionLength          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                       My  Discriminator                       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       

Figure 1: BFD Discriminator PIM Hello Option

where new fields are interpreted as:

• OptionType is a value (TBA1) assigned by IANA Section 4 that identifies the TLV as BFD Discriminator TLV;
• OptionLength value is always 4
• My Discriminator - My Discriminator value allocated by the root of the p2mp BFD session.

3.1. Using P2MP BFD in PIM DR/BDR Monitoring

If PIM-SM routers that support this specification are configured to use p2mp BFD for faster convergence, then the router to be monitored, referred to as 'head', MUST create BFD session of type MultipointHead, as defined in [RFC8562]. If the head doesn't support [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement], but, for example, uses procedures defined in [I-D.mankamana-pim-bdr], then it MUST include BFD TLV in its PIM-Hello message. If the head uses extensions defined in [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement], then DR MUST include BFD TLV in its Hello message. The DR Address TLV also MUST be included in the Hello message. For a BDR it is RECOMMENDED to include BFD TLV in its Hello message. If BDR includes BFD TLV, then the BDR Address TLV also MUST be present in the Hello message. Then the head MUST begin periodic transmission of BFD control packets. Source IP address of the BFD control packet MUST be the same as the source IP address of the PIM-Hello with BFD TLV messages being transmitted by the head. The values of My Discriminator in the BFD control packet and My Discriminator field of the BFD TLV in PIM-Hello, transmitted by the head MUST be the same. When a PIM-SM router is configured to monitor the head by using p2p BFD, referred to through this document as 'tail', receives PIM-Hello packet with BFD TLV it MAY create p2mp BFD session of type MultipointTail, as defined in [RFC8562].

Because p2mp BFD doesn't use the three-way handshake and the head transmits BFD control packets with the value of Your Discriminator field set to zero, [RFC8562] modified how a BFD system demultiplexes received BFD control packet. The tail demultiplexes p2mp BFD test session based on head's source IP address, the My Discriminator value it learned from BFD Discriminator TLV and the identity of the multipoint path that the BFD control packet was received from. The Detection Time for p2mp BFD sessions is defined differently from the definition provided in [RFC5880]. The Detection Time for each MultipointTail session is calculated as the product of the last received values of Desired Min TX Interval and Detect Mult. A tail declares the BFD session down after the Detection Timer expires. If the tail has detected MultipointHead failure, it MUST remove the neighbor. If the failed head node was PIM-SM DR or BDR, the tail MAY start DR Election process as specified in Section 4.3.2 [RFC7761] or Section 4.1 [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement] respectively.

If the head ceased to include BFD TLV in its PIM-Hello message, tails MUST close the corresponding MultipointTail BFD session. Thus the tail stops using BFD to monitor the head and reverts to the procedures defined in [RFC7761] and [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement].

3.2. P2MP BFD in PIM DR Load Balancing

[RFC8775] defined the modification, Designated Router Load Balancing (DRLB), to the PIM-SM protocol that allows for distribution of PIM-SM DR responsibilities on a multi-access network segment. [RFC8775] introduced the new PIM Hello options - Load Balancing Capability (DRLB-Cap) and DR Load Balancing List (DRLB-List). PIM router that includes DRLB-Cap Hello Option MAY include BFD Discriminator PIM Hello Option (Figure 1). That router MUST create a BFD session and set itself as MultipointHead [RFC8562]. The router MUST set bfd.SessionState in the MultipointHead session to Down. If a PIM router that includes BFD Discriminator Option in its Hello finds its address in DRLB-List PIM Hello Option as Group Designated Router (GDR) Candidate for the first time, the router MUST set bfd.SessionState to Up and start periodically transmit BFD control messages. If the PIM router that was GDR Candidate doesn't find its address in the most recent DRLB-List Option, the router MUST set bfd.SessionState to Down and cease transmitting BFD control messages. For each GDR Candidate that includes BFD Discriminator Option in its PIM Hello, PIM DR creates a MultipointTail session [RFC8562]. PIM DR demultiplexes BFD sessions based on the value in My Discriminator field and the source IP address. If PIM DR detects a failure of one of the sessions, it MUST remove that router from the GDR Candidate list and immediately transmit a new DRLB-List Option.

3.3. Multipoint BFD Encapsulation

The MultipointHead of p2mp BFD session when transmitting BFD control packet:

• MUST set TTL value to 1;
• SHOULD use group address ALL-PIM-ROUTERS ('224.0.0.13' for IPv4 and 'ff02::d' for IPv6) as destination IP address
• MAY use network broadcast address for IPv4 or link-local all nodes multicast group for IPv6 as the destination IP address;
• MUST set destination UDP port value to 3784 when transmitting BFD control packets, as defined in [RFC8562].

4. IANA Considerations

IANA is requested to allocate a new OptionType value from PIM Hello Options registry according to:

5. Security Considerations

Security considerations discussed in [RFC7761], [RFC5880], and [RFC8562], and [I-D.ietf-pim-dr-improvement] apply to this document.

An implementation that supports this specification SHOULD use a mechanism to control the maximum number of BFD sessions that can be active at the same time.

6. Acknowledgments

Authors cannot say enough to express their appreciation of comments and suggestions we received from Stig Venaas.

7. References

7.1. Normative References

7.2. Informative References

Authors' Addresses