Internet-Draft YANG RIB-EXT April 2023
Lindem & Qu Expires 29 October 2023 [Page]
Workgroup:
Network Working Group
Internet-Draft:
draft-ietf-rtgwg-yang-rib-extend-15
Published:
Intended Status:
Standards Track
Expires:
Authors:
A. Lindem
LabN
Y. Qu
Futurewei

RIB Extension YANG Data Model

Abstract

A Routing Information Base (RIB) is a list of routes and their corresponding administrative data and operational state.

RFC 8349 defines the basic building blocks for RIB, and this model augments it to support multiple next-hops (aka, paths) for each route as well as additional attributes.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

This Internet-Draft will expire on 29 October 2023.

▲

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

This document defines a YANG [RFC7950] data model which extends the RIBs defined in ietf-routing YANG module [RFC8349] with more route attributes.

A RIB is a collection of routes with attributes controlled and manipulated by control-plane protocols. Each RIB contains only routes of one address family [RFC8349]. Within a protocol, routes are selected based on the metrics in use by that protocol, and the protocol installs the routes to RIB. RIB selects the preferred routes by comparing the route-preference (aka, administrative distance) of the associated protocol.

The module defined in this document extends the RIBs to support more route attributes, such as multiple next-hops, route metrics, and administrative tags.

The YANG modules in this document conform to the Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) [RFC8342].

2. Terminology and Notation

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

The following terms are defined in [RFC8342]:

The following terms are defined in [RFC7950]:

The following terms are defined in [RFC8349] Section 5.2:

2.1. Tree Diagrams

Tree diagrams used in this document follow the notation defined in [RFC8340].

2.2. Prefixes in Data Node Names

In this document, names of data nodes, actions, and other data model objects are often used without a prefix, as long as it is clear from the context in which YANG module each name is defined. Otherwise, names are prefixed using the standard prefix associated with the corresponding YANG module, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Prefixes and Corresponding YANG Modules
Prefix YANG module Reference
if ietf-interfaces [RFC8343]
rt ietf-routing [RFC8349]
v4ur ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing [RFC8349]
v6ur ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing [RFC8349]
inet ietf-inet-types [RFC6991]

3. Design of the Model

The YANG module defined in this document augments the ietf-routing YANG modules defined in [RFC8349], which provide a basis for routing system data model development. Together with YANG modules defined in [RFC8349], a generic RIB YANG model is defined to implement and monitor a RIB.

The modules in [RFC8349] also define the basic configuration and operational state for both IPv4 and IPv6 static routes. This document provides augmentations for static routes to support multiple next-hops and more next-hop attributes.

3.1. Tags and Preference

Individual route tags are supported at both the route and next-hop level. A preference per next-hop is also supported for selection of the most preferred reachable static route.

The following tree snapshot shows tag and preference which augment static IPv4 unicast routes and IPv6 unicast routes next-hop.

  augment /rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols
          /rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v4ur:ipv4
          /v4ur:route/v4ur:next-hop/v4ur:next-hop-options
          /v4ur:simple-next-hop:
    +--rw preference?   uint32
    +--rw tag?          uint32
  augment /rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols
          /rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v4ur:ipv4
          /v4ur:route/v4ur:next-hop/v4ur:next-hop-options
          /v4ur:next-hop-list/v4ur:next-hop-list/v4ur:next-hop:
    +--rw preference?   uint32
    +--rw tag?          uint32
  augment /rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols
          /rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v6ur:ipv6
          /v6ur:route/v6ur:next-hop/v6ur:next-hop-options
          /v6ur:simple-next-hop:
    +--rw preference?   uint32
    +--rw tag?          uint32
  augment /rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols
          /rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v6ur:ipv6
          /v6ur:route/v6ur:next-hop/v6ur:next-hop-options
          /v6ur:next-hop-list/v6ur:next-hop-list/v6ur:next-hop:
    +--rw preference?   uint32
    +--rw tag?          uint32

3.2. Repair Path

The IP Fast Reroute (IPFRR) pre-computes repair paths by routing protocols [RFC5714], and the repair paths are installed in the RIB.

Each route in the RIB is augmented with repair paths if available, and is shown in the following tree snapshot.


  augment /rt:routing/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route
          /rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/rt:simple-next-hop:
    +--ro repair-path
       +--ro outgoing-interface?   if:interface-state-ref
       +--ro next-hop-address?     inet:ip-address
       +--ro metric?               uint32
  augment /rt:routing/rt:ribs/rt:rib/rt:routes/rt:route
          /rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/rt:next-hop-list
          /rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop:
    +--ro repair-path
       +--ro outgoing-interface?   if:interface-state-ref
       +--ro next-hop-address?     inet:ip-address
       +--ro metric?               uint32

4. RIB Model Tree

The ietf-routing.yang tree with the augmentations herein is included in Appendix A. The meaning of the symbols can be found in [RFC8340].

5. RIB Extension YANG Model 

<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-rib-extension@2023-04-27.yang"

module ietf-rib-extension {
  yang-version "1.1";
  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-rib-extension";

  prefix rib-ext;

  import ietf-inet-types {
    prefix "inet";
    reference "RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";
  }

  import ietf-interfaces {
    prefix "if";
    reference "RFC 8343: A YANG Data Model for Interface
                         Management (NMDA Version)";
  }

  import ietf-routing {
    prefix "rt";
    reference "RFC 8349: A YANG Data Model for Routing
                         Management (NMDA Version)";
  }

  import ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing {
    prefix "v4ur";
    reference "RFC 8349: A YANG Data Model for Routing
                         Management (NMDA Version)";
  }

  import ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing {
    prefix "v6ur";
    reference "RFC 8349: A YANG Data Model for Routing
                         Management (NMDA Version)";
  }

  organization
    "IETF RTGWG - Routing Working Group";

  contact
    "WG Web:   <https://datatracker.ietf.org/group/rtgwg/>
     WG List:  <mailto:rtgwg@ietf.org>

     Author:   Acee Lindem
               <mailto:acee.ietf@gmail.com>
     Author:   Yingzhen Qu
               <mailto:yingzhen.qu@futurewei.com>";

  description
    "This document defines a YANG data model which extends
     the RIBs defined in ietf-routing YANG module with more
     route attributes.

     This YANG model conforms to the Network Management
     Datastore Architecture (NDMA) as described in RFC 8342.

     Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
     authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

     Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
     without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
     the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set
     forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
     Relating to IETF Documents
     (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).

     This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX;
     see the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

  revision 2023-04-27 {
    description
      "Initial Version";
    reference
      "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for RIB Extensions.";
  }

  /* Groupings */
  grouping rib-statistics {
    description
      "Statistics grouping used for RIB augmentation.";
    container statistics {
      config false;
      description
        "Container for RIB statistics.";
      leaf total-routes {
        type uint32;
        description
          "Total routes in the RIB";
      }
      leaf total-active-routes {
        type uint32;
        description
          "Total active routes in the RIB. An active route is
           preferred over other routes to the same destination
           prefix.";
      }
      leaf total-route-memory {
        type uint64;
        units "bytes";
        description
          "Total memory for all routes in the RIB.";
      }
      list protocol-statistics {
        description "RIB statistics per protocol.";
        leaf protocol {
          type identityref {
            base rt:routing-protocol;
          }
          description "Routing protocol.";
        }
        leaf routes {
          type uint32;
          description
            "Total routes for protocol in the RIB.";
        }
        leaf active-routes {
          type uint32;
          description
            "Total active routes for protocol in the RIB. An active
             route is preferred over other routes to the same
             destination prefix.";
        }
        leaf route-memory {
          type uint64;
          units "bytes";
          description
            "Total memory for all routes for protocol in the RIB.";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  grouping next-hop {
    description
      "Next-hop grouping";
    leaf interface {
      type if:interface-ref;
      description
        "Outgoing interface";
    }
    leaf address {
      type inet:ip-address;
      description
        "IPv4 or IPv6 Address of the next-hop.";
    }
  }

  grouping attributes {
    description
      "Common attributes applicable to all routes.";
    leaf metric {
      type uint32;
      description
        "The metric is a numeric value indicating the cost
         of the route from the perspective of the routing
         protocol installing the route. In general, routes with
         a lower metric installed by the same routing protocol
         are lower cost to reach and are preferable to routes
         with a higher metric. However, metrics from different
         routing protocols are not directly comparable.";
    }
    leaf-list tag {
      type uint32;
      description
        "A tag is a 32-bit opaque value associated with the
         route that can be used for policy decisions such as
         advertisement and filtering of the route.";
    }
    leaf application-tag {
      type uint32;
      description
        "The application-specific tag is an additional tag that
         can be used by applications that require semantics and/or
         policy different from that of the tag. For example,
         the tag is usually automatically advertised in OSPF
         AS-External Link State Advertisements (LSAs) while this
         application-specific tag is not advertised implicitly.";
    }
  }
  grouping repair-path {
    description
      "Grouping for IP Fast Reroute repair path.";
    container repair-path {
      description
        "IP Fast Reroute next-hop repair path.";
      leaf outgoing-interface {
        type if:interface-state-ref;
        description
          "Name of the outgoing interface.";
      }
      leaf next-hop-address {
        type inet:ip-address;
        description
          "IP address of the next hop.";
      }
      leaf metric {
        type uint32;
        description
          "The metric for the repair path. While the IP Fast
           Reroute re-route repair is local and the metric is
           not advertised externally, the metric for repair path
           is useful for troubleshooting purposes.";
      }
      reference
        "RFC 5714: IP Fast Reroute Framework.";
    }
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
    + "rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v4ur:ipv4/"
    + "v4ur:route/v4ur:next-hop/v4ur:next-hop-options/"
    + "v4ur:simple-next-hop"
  {
    description
      "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in IPv4 unicast route.";
    leaf preference {
      type uint32;
      default "1";
      description
        "The preference is used to select among multiple static
         routes. Routes with a lower preference next-hop are
         preferred and equal preference routes result in
         Equal-Cost-Multi-Path (ECMP) static routes.";
    }
    leaf tag {
      type uint32;
      default "0";
      description
        "The tag is a 32-bit opaque value associated with the
         route that can be used for policy decisions such as
         advertisement and filtering of the route.";
    }
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
    + "rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v4ur:ipv4/"
    + "v4ur:route/v4ur:next-hop/v4ur:next-hop-options/"
    + "v4ur:next-hop-list/v4ur:next-hop-list/v4ur:next-hop"
  {
    description
      "Augment static route configuration 'next-hop-list'.";

    leaf preference {
      type uint32;
      default "1";
      description
        "The preference is used to select among multiple static
         routes. Routes with a lower preference next-hop are
         preferred and equal preference routes result in
         Equal-Cost-Multi-Path (ECMP) static routes.";
    }
    leaf tag {
      type uint32;
      default "0";
      description
        "The tag is a 32-bit opaque value associated with the
         route that can be used for policy decisions such as
         advertisement and filtering of the route.";
    }
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
    + "rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v6ur:ipv6/"
    + "v6ur:route/v6ur:next-hop/v6ur:next-hop-options/"
    + "v6ur:simple-next-hop"
  {
    description
      "Augment 'simple-next-hop' case in IPv6 unicast route.";
    leaf preference {
      type uint32;
      default "1";
      description
        "The preference is used to select among multiple static
         routes. Routes with a lower preference next-hop are
         preferred and equal preference routes result in
         Equal-Cost-Multi-Path (ECMP) static routes.";
    }
    leaf tag {
      type uint32;
      default "0";
      description
        "The tag is a 32-bit opaque value associated with the
         route that can be used for policy decisions such as
         advertisement and filtering of the route.";
    }
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:control-plane-protocols/"
    + "rt:control-plane-protocol/rt:static-routes/v6ur:ipv6/"
    + "v6ur:route/v6ur:next-hop/v6ur:next-hop-options/"
    + "v6ur:next-hop-list/v6ur:next-hop-list/v6ur:next-hop"
  {
    description
      "Augment static route configuration 'next-hop-list'.";

    leaf preference {
      type uint32;
      default "1";
      description
        "The preference is used to select among multiple static
         routes. Routes with a lower preference next-hop are
         preferred and equal preference routes result in
         Equal-Cost-Multi-Path (ECMP) static routes.";
    }
    leaf tag {
      type uint32;
      default "0";
      description
        "The tag is a 32-bit opaque value associated with the
         route that can be used for policy decisions such as
         advertisement and filtering of the route.";
    }
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:ribs/rt:rib"
  {
    description
      "Augment a RIB with statistics.";
    uses rib-statistics;
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:ribs/rt:rib/"
    + "rt:routes/rt:route"
  {
    description
      "Augment a route in RIB with attributes.";
    uses attributes;
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:ribs/rt:rib/"
    + "rt:routes/rt:route/rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/"
    + "rt:simple-next-hop"
  {
    description
      "Augment simple-next-hop with repair-path.";
    uses repair-path;
  }

  augment "/rt:routing/rt:ribs/rt:rib/"
    + "rt:routes/rt:route/rt:next-hop/rt:next-hop-options/"
    + "rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop-list/rt:next-hop"
  {
    description
      "Augment the multiple next hops with repair path.";
    uses repair-path;
  }
}

<CODE ENDS>

6. Security Considerations

The YANG module specified in this document defines a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via network management protocols such as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH) [RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is TLS [RFC8446].

The NETCONF access control model [RFC8341] provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or RESTCONF users to a pre-configured subset of all available NETCONF or RESTCONF protocol operations and content.

There are a number of data nodes defined in ietf-rib-extensions.yang module that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g., edit-config) to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

Some of the readable data nodes in the ietf-rib-extensions.yang module may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config, or notification) to these data nodes. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:

All the security considerations for [RFC8349] writable and readable data nodes apply to the augmentations described herein.

7. IANA Considerations

This document registers a URI in the IETF XML registry [RFC3688]. Following the format in [RFC3688], the following registration is requested to be made:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-rib-extension
   Registrant Contact: The IESG.
   XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

This document registers a YANG module in the YANG Module Names registry [RFC6020].

   name: ietf-rib-extension
   namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-rib-extension
   prefix: rib-ext
   reference: RFC XXXX

8. References

8.1. Normative References

[RFC2119]
Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3688]
Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688, DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.
[RFC6020]
Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020, DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.
[RFC6241]
Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242]
Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.
[RFC6991]
Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types", RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991>.
[RFC7950]
Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language", RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.
[RFC8040]
Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8040>.
[RFC8174]
Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8341]
Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341, DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8341>.
[RFC8342]
Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K., and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8342>.
[RFC8343]
Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface Management", RFC 8343, DOI 10.17487/RFC8343, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8343>.
[RFC8349]
Lhotka, L., Lindem, A., and Y. Qu, "A YANG Data Model for Routing Management (NMDA Version)", RFC 8349, DOI 10.17487/RFC8349, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8349>.
[RFC8446]
Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8446>.

8.2. Informative References

[RFC5714]
Shand, M. and S. Bryant, "IP Fast Reroute Framework", RFC 5714, DOI 10.17487/RFC5714, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5714>.
[RFC8340]
Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams", BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8340>.
[RFC8792]
Watsen, K., Auerswald, E., Farrel, A., and Q. Wu, "Handling Long Lines in Content of Internet-Drafts and RFCs", RFC 8792, DOI 10.17487/RFC8792, , <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8792>.

Appendix A. Combined Tree Diagram

This appendix includes the combined ietf-routing.yang, ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing.yang, ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing.yang and ietf-rib-extensions.yang tree diagram.

module: ietf-routing
+--rw routing
  +--rw router-id?                 yang:dotted-quad {router-id}?
  +--ro interfaces
  |  +--ro interface*   if:interface-ref
  +--rw control-plane-protocols
  |  +--rw control-plane-protocol* [type name]
  |     +--rw type             identityref
  |     +--rw name             string
  |     +--rw description?     string
  |     +--rw static-routes
  |        +--rw v4ur:ipv4
  |        |  +--rw v4ur:route* [destination-prefix]
  |        |     +--rw v4ur:destination-prefix    inet:ipv4-prefix
  |        |     +--rw v4ur:description?          string
  |        |     +--rw v4ur:next-hop
  |        |        +--rw (v4ur:next-hop-options)
  |        |           +--:(v4ur:simple-next-hop)
  |        |           |  +--rw v4ur:outgoing-interface?
  |        |           |  |   if:interface-ref
  |        |           |  +--rw v4ur:next-hop-address?
  |        |           |  |   inet:ipv4-address
  |        |           |  +--rw rib-ext:preference?        uint32
  |        |           |  +--rw rib-ext:tag?               uint32
  |        |           +--:(v4ur:special-next-hop)
  |        |           |  +--rw v4ur:special-next-hop?     enumeration
  |        |           +--:(v4ur:next-hop-list)
  |        |              +--rw v4ur:next-hop-list
  |        |                 +--rw v4ur:next-hop* [index]
  |        |                    +--rw v4ur:index                 string
  |        |                    +--rw v4ur:outgoing-interface?
  |        |                    |   if:interface-ref
  |        |                    +--rw v4ur:next-hop-address?
  |        |                    |   inet:ipv4-address
  |        |                    +--rw rib-ext:preference?        uint32
  |        |                    +--rw rib-ext:tag?               uint32
  |        +--rw v6ur:ipv6
  |           +--rw v6ur:route* [destination-prefix]
  |              +--rw v6ur:destination-prefix    inet:ipv6-prefix
  |              +--rw v6ur:description?          string
  |              +--rw v6ur:next-hop
  |                 +--rw (v6ur:next-hop-options)
  |                    +--:(v6ur:simple-next-hop)
  |                    |  +--rw v6ur:outgoing-interface?
  |                    |  |   if:interface-ref
  |                    |  +--rw v6ur:next-hop-address?
  |                    |  |   inet:ipv6-address
  |                    |  +--rw rib-ext:preference?        uint32
  |                    |  +--rw rib-ext:tag?               uint32
  |                    +--:(v6ur:special-next-hop)
  |                    |  +--rw v6ur:special-next-hop?     enumeration
  |                    +--:(v6ur:next-hop-list)
  |                       +--rw v6ur:next-hop-list
  |                          +--rw v6ur:next-hop* [index]
  |                             +--rw v6ur:index                 string
  |                             +--rw v6ur:outgoing-interface?
  |                             |   if:interface-ref
  |                             +--rw v6ur:next-hop-address?
  |                             |   inet:ipv6-address
  |                             +--rw rib-ext:preference?        uint32
  |                             +--rw rib-ext:tag?               uint32
  +--rw ribs
     +--rw rib* [name]
        +--rw name                            string
        +--rw address-family                  identityref
        +--ro default-rib?                    boolean {multiple-ribs}?
        +--ro routes
        |  +--ro route* []
        |     +--ro route-preference?          route-preference
        |     +--ro next-hop
        |     |  +--ro (next-hop-options)
        |     |     +--:(simple-next-hop)
        |     |     |  +--ro outgoing-interface?      if:interface-ref
        |     |     |  +--ro v4ur:next-hop-address?   inet:ipv4-address
        |     |     |  +--ro v6ur:next-hop-address?   inet:ipv6-address
        |     |     |  +--ro rib-ext:repair-path
        |     |     |     +--ro rib-ext:outgoing-interface?
        |     |     |     |   if:interface-state-ref
        |     |     |     +--ro rib-ext:next-hop-address?
        |     |     |     |   inet:ip-address
        |     |     |     +--ro rib-ext:metric?               uint32
        |     |     +--:(special-next-hop)
        |     |     |  +--ro special-next-hop?        enumeration
        |     |     +--:(next-hop-list)
        |     |        +--ro next-hop-list
        |     |           +--ro next-hop* []
        |     |              +--ro outgoing-interface?
        |     |              |   if:interface-ref
        |     |              +--ro v4ur:address?
        |     |              |   inet:ipv4-address
        |     |              +--ro v6ur:address?
        |     |              |   inet:ipv6-address
        |     |              +--ro rib-ext:repair-path
        |     |                 +--ro rib-ext:outgoing-interface?
        |     |                 |   if:interface-state-ref
        |     |                 +--ro rib-ext:next-hop-address?
        |     |                 |   inet:ip-address
        |     |                 +--ro rib-ext:metric?            uint32
        |     +--ro source-protocol            identityref
        |     +--ro active?                    empty
        |     +--ro last-updated?              yang:date-and-time
        |     +--ro v4ur:destination-prefix?   inet:ipv4-prefix
        |     +--ro v6ur:destination-prefix?   inet:ipv6-prefix
        |     +--ro rib-ext:metric?            uint32
        |     +--ro rib-ext:tag*               uint32
        |     +--ro rib-ext:application-tag?   uint32
        +---x active-route
        |  +---w input
        |  |  +---w v4ur:destination-address?   inet:ipv4-address
        |  |  +---w v6ur:destination-address?   inet:ipv6-address
        |  +--ro output
        |     +--ro route
        |        +--ro next-hop
        |        |  +--ro (next-hop-options)
        |        |     +--:(simple-next-hop)
        |        |     |  +--ro outgoing-interface?    if:interface-ref
        |        |     |  +--ro v4ur:next-hop-address? inet:ipv4-address
        |        |     |  +--ro v6ur:next-hop-address? inet:ipv6-address
        |        |     +--:(special-next-hop)
        |        |     |  +--ro special-next-hop?        enumeration
        |        |     +--:(next-hop-list)
        |        |        +--ro next-hop-list
        |        |           +--ro next-hop* []
        |        |              +--ro outgoing-interface?
        |        |              |   if:interface-ref
        |        |              +--ro v4ur:next-hop-address?
        |        |              |   inet:ipv4-address
        |        |              +--ro v6ur:next-hop-address?
        |        |              |   inet:ipv6-address
        |        +--ro source-protocol            identityref
        |        +--ro active?                    empty
        |        +--ro last-updated?              yang:date-and-time
        |        +--ro v4ur:destination-prefix?   inet:ipv4-prefix
        |        +--ro v6ur:destination-prefix?   inet:ipv6-prefix
        +--rw description?                      string
        +--ro rib-ext:statistics
           +--ro rib-ext:total-routes?              uint32
           +--ro rib-ext:total-active-routes?       uint32
           +--ro rib-ext:total-route-memory?        uint64
           +--ro rib-ext:protocol-statistics* []
              +--ro rib-ext:protocol?             identityref
              +--ro rib-ext:routes?    uint32
              +--ro rib-ext:active-routes?   uint32
              +--ro rib-ext:route-memory?    uint64

Appendix B. ietf-rib-extension.yang example

The following is an XML example using the RIB extension module and RFC 8349.

Note: '\' line wrapping per [RFC8792].

<routing xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-routing">
  <control-plane-protocols>
    <control-plane-protocol>
      <type>static</type>
      <name>static-routing-protocol</name>
      <static-routes>
        <ipv4 xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
          ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing">
          <route>
            <destination-prefix>0.0.0.0/0</destination-prefix>
            <next-hop>
              <next-hop-address>192.0.2.2</next-hop-address>
              <preference xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
                ietf-rib-extension">30</preference>
              <tag xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
                ietf-rib-extension">99</tag>
            </next-hop>
          </route>
        </ipv4>
        <ipv6 xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
          ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing">
          <route>
            <destination-prefix>::/0</destination-prefix>
            <next-hop>
              <next-hop-address>2001:db8:aaaa::1111</next-hop-address>
              <preference xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
                ietf-rib-extension">30</preference>
              <tag xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
                ietf-rib-extension">66</tag>
            </next-hop>
          </route>
        </ipv6>
      </static-routes>
    </control-plane-protocol>
  </control-plane-protocols>
  <ribs>
    <rib>
      <name>ipv4-master</name>
      <address-family xmlns:v4ur="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
        ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing">v4ur:ipv4-unicast</address-family>
      <default-rib>true</default-rib>
      <routes>
        <route>
          <destination-prefix xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
            ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing">0.0.0.0/0</destination-prefix>
          <next-hop>
            <next-hop-address xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
              ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing">192.0.2.2</next-hop-address>
          </next-hop>
          <route-preference>5</route-preference>
          <source-protocol>static</source-protocol>
          <last-updated>2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00</last-updated>
        </route>
        <route>
          <destination-prefix xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
            ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing">198.51.100.0/24\
          </destination-prefix>
          <next-hop>
            <next-hop-address xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
              ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing">192.0.2.2</next-hop-address>
            <repair-path xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
              ietf-rib-extension">
              <next-hop-address>203.0.113.1</next-hop-address>
              <metric>200</metric>
            </repair-path>
          </next-hop>
          <route-preference>110</route-preference>
          <source-protocol xmlns:ospf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
            ietf-ospf">ospf:ospf</source-protocol>
          <last-updated>2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00</last-updated>
        </route>
      </routes>
    </rib>
    <rib>
      <name>ipv6-master</name>
      <address-family xmlns:v6ur="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
        ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing">v6ur:ipv6-unicast</address-family>
      <default-rib>true</default-rib>
      <routes>
        <route>
          <destination-prefix xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
            ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing">0::/0</destination-prefix>
          <next-hop>
            <next-hop-address xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
              ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing">2001:db8:aaaa::1111\
            </next-hop-address>
          </next-hop>
          <route-preference>5</route-preference>
          <source-protocol>static</source-protocol>
          <last-updated>2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00</last-updated>
        </route>
        <route>
          <destination-prefix xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
            ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing">2001:db8:bbbb::/64\
          </destination-prefix>
          <next-hop>
            <next-hop-address xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
              ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing">2001:db8:aaaa::1111\
            </next-hop-address>
            <repair-path xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
              ietf-rib-extension">
              <next-hop-address>2001:db8:cccc::2222</next-hop-address>
              <metric>200</metric>
            </repair-path>
          </next-hop>
          <route-preference>110</route-preference>
          <source-protocol xmlns:ospf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:\
            ietf-ospf">ospf:ospf</source-protocol>
          <last-updated>2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00</last-updated>
        </route>
      </routes>
    </rib>
  </ribs>
</routing>

The following is the same example using JSON format.

{
  "ietf-routing:routing": {
    "control-plane-protocols": {
      "control-plane-protocol": [
        {
          "type": "static",
          "name": "static-routing-protocol",
          "static-routes": {
            "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:ipv4": {
              "route": [
                {
                  "destination-prefix": "0.0.0.0/0",
                  "next-hop": {
                    "next-hop-address": "192.0.2.2",
                    "ietf-rib-extension:preference": 30,
                    "ietf-rib-extension:tag": 99
                  }
                }
              ]
            },
            "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6": {
              "route": [
                {
                  "destination-prefix": "::/0",
                  "next-hop": {
                    "next-hop-address": "2001:db8:aaaa::1111",
                    "ietf-rib-extension:preference": 30,
                    "ietf-rib-extension:tag": 66
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    "ribs": {
      "rib": [
        {
          "name": "ipv4-master",
          "address-family": "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:ipv4-unicast",
          "default-rib": true,
          "routes": {
            "route": [
              {
                "next-hop": {
                  "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:next-hop-address": \
                  "192.0.2.2"
                },
                "route-preference": 5,
                "source-protocol": "static",
                "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00",
                "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix": \
                "0.0.0.0/0"
              },
              {
                "next-hop": {
                  "ietf-rib-extension:repair-path": {
                    "next-hop-address": "203.0.113.1",
                    "metric": 200
                  },
                  "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:next-hop-address": \
                  "192.0.2.2"
                },
                "route-preference": 110,
                "source-protocol": "ietf-ospf:ospf",
                "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00",
                "ietf-ipv4-unicast-routing:destination-prefix": \
                "198.51.100.0/24"
              }
            ]
          }
        },
        {
          "name": "ipv6-master",
          "address-family": "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:ipv6-unicast",
          "default-rib": true,
          "routes": {
            "route": [
              {
                "next-hop": {
                  "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:next-hop-address": \
                  "2001:db8:aaaa::1111"
                },
                "route-preference": 5,
                "source-protocol": "static",
                "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00",
                "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix": "::/0"
              },
              {
                "next-hop": {
                  "ietf-rib-extension:repair-path": {
                    "next-hop-address": "2001:db8:cccc::2222",
                    "metric": 200
                  },
                  "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:next-hop-address": \
                  "2001:db8:aaaa::1111"
                },
                "route-preference": 110,
                "source-protocol": "ietf-ospf:ospf",
                "last-updated": "2015-10-24T18:02:45+02:00",
                "ietf-ipv6-unicast-routing:destination-prefix": \
                "2001:db8:bbbb::/64"
              }
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Appendix C. Acknowledgments

The RFC text was produced using Marshall Rose's xml2rfc tool.

The authors wish to thank Les Ginsberg, Krishna Deevi, and Suyoung Yoon for their helpful comments and suggestions.

The authors wish to thank Tom Petch, Rob Wilton and Chris Hopps for their reviews and comments.

Authors' Addresses

Acee Lindem
LabN
301 Midenhall Way
Cary, NC 27513
United States of America
Yingzhen Qu
Futurewei
2330 Central Expressway
Santa Clara, CA 95050
United States of America