| Network Working Group | P. Saint-Andre |
| Internet-Draft | &yet |
| Intended status: Standards Track | S. Loreto |
| Expires: December 11, 2014 | Ericsson |
| June 9, 2014 |
Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): One-to-One Text Chat Sessions
draft-ietf-stox-chat-07
This document defines a bidirectional protocol mapping for the exchange of instant messages in the context of a one-to-one chat session between a user of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and a user of the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). Specifically for SIP text chat, this document specifies a mapping to the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP).
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Both the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261] and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) [RFC6120] can be used for the purpose of one-to-one text chat over the Internet. To ensure interworking between these technologies, it is important to define bidirectional protocol mappings.
The architectural assumptions underlying such protocol mappings are provided in [RFC7247], including mapping of addresses and error conditions. This document specifies mappings for one-to-one text chat sessions (sometimes called "session-mode" messaging); in particular, this document specifies mappings between XMPP messages of type "chat" and the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) [RFC4975], which is commonly used in SIP-based systems for chat functionality (although note that MSRP is not conjoined to SIP, and can be used by non-SIP technologies). Mappings for single instant messages and groupchat are provided in separate documents.
The approach taken here is to directly map syntax and semantics from one protocol to another. The mapping described herein depends on the protocols defined in the following specifications:
In SIP-based systems that use MSRP, a chat session is formally negotiated just as any other session type is using SIP. By contrast, a one-to-one chat "session" in XMPP is an informal construct and is not formally negotiated: a user simply sends a message of type "chat" to a contact, the contact then replies to the message, and the sum total of such messages exchanged during a defined period of time is considered to be a chat session (ideally tied together using an XMPP <thread/> element as described in Section 5.1 of [RFC6121]). To overcome the disparity between these approaches, a gateway that wishes to map between SIP/MSRP and XMPP for one-to-one chat sessions needs to maintain some additional state, as described below.
The documents in this series are intended for use by software developers who have an existing system based on one of these technologies (e.g., SIP), and would like to enable communication from that existing system to systems based on the other technology (e.g., XMPP). We assume that readers are familiar with the core specifications for both SIP [RFC3261] and XMPP [RFC6120], with the base document for this series [RFC7247], and with the following chat-related specifications:
A number of terms used here are explained in [RFC3261], [RFC4975], [RFC6120], and [RFC6121].
In flow diagrams, SIP/MSRP traffic is shown using arrows such as "***>" whereas XMPP traffic is shown using arrows such as "...>".
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
In XMPP, the "informal session" approach is to simply send someone a <message/> of type "chat" without starting any session negotiation ahead of time (as described in [RFC6121]). The XMPP "informal session" approach maps very well into a SIP MESSAGE request, as described in [RFC7247]. However, the XMPP informal session approach can also be mapped to MSRP if the XMPP-to-SIP gateway maintains additional state. The order of events is as follows.
XMPP XMPP XMPP-to-MSRP SIP SIP
User Server Gateway Server User
| | | | |
| (F1) XMPP | | | |
| message | | | |
|..............>| | | |
| | (F2) XMPP | | |
| | message | | |
| |..............>| | |
| | | (F3) SIP | |
| | | INVITE | |
| | |**************>| |
| | | | (F4) SIP |
| | | | INVITE |
| | | |**************>|
| | | | (F5) SIP |
| | | | 200 OK |
| | | |<**************|
| | | (F6) SIP | |
| | | 200 OK | |
| | |<**************| |
| | | (F7) SIP ACK | |
| | |**************>| |
| | | | (F8) SIP ACK |
| | | |**************>|
| | | (F9) MSRP SEND |
| | |******************************>|
. . . . .
. . . . .
| | | (F10) MSRP SEND |
| | |<******************************|
| | (F11) XMPP | | |
| | message | | |
| |<..............| | |
| (F12) XMPP | | | |
| message | | | |
|<..............| | | |
. . . . .
. . . . .
| | | | (F13) SIP BYE |
| | | |<**************|
| | | (F14) SIP BYE | |
| | |<**************| |
| | | (F15) SIP | |
| | | 200 OK | |
| | |**************>| |
| | | | (F16) SIP |
| | | | 200 OK |
| | | |**************>|
Figure 1: XMPP to MSRP Order of Events
The mapping of XMPP syntax to SIP syntax SHOULD be as shown in the following table. (Mappings for several aspects not mentioned here are specified in [I-D.ietf-stox-im].)
Table 1: Message syntax mapping from XMPP to SIP
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+
| XMPP Element or Attribute | SIP Header or Contents |
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+
| <thread/> | Call-ID |
| id | transaction identifier |
+-----------------------------+--------------------------+
First the XMPP user would generate an XMPP chat message.
Example 1: Juliet sends XMPP message (F1)
| <message from='juliet@example.com/balcony'
| to='romeo@example.net'
| id='a786hjs2'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50</thread>
| <body>Art thou not Romeo, and a Montague?</body>
| </message>
Upon receiving such a message stanza, the XMPP server needs to determine the identity of the domainpart in the 'to' address, which it does by following the procedures explained in Section 5 of [RFC7247]. If the domain is a SIP domain, the XMPP server will hand off the message stanza to an XMPP-to-SIP gateway or connection manager that natively communicates with MSRP-aware SIP servers.
The XMPP-to-SIP gateway at the XMPP server would then initiate an MSRP session with Romeo on Juliet's behalf (since there is no reliable way for the gateway to determine if Romeo's client supports MSRP, it simply needs to guess).
Example 2: Gateway starts SIP session on behalf of Juliet (F3)
| INVITE sip:romeo@example.net SIP/2.0
| To: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| From: <sip:juliet@example.com>
| Contact: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| Subject: Open chat with Juliet?
| Call-ID: 29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50
| Content-Type: application/sdp
|
| c=IN IP4 x2s.example.com
| m=message 7654 TCP/MSRP *
| a=accept-types:text/plain
| a=path:msrp://x2s.example.com:7654/jshA7weztas;tcp
Here we assume that Romeo accepts the MSRP session request.
Example 3: Romeo accepts session request (F5)
| SIP/2.0 200 OK
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| Contact: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| Call-ID: 29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50
| Content-Type: application/sdp
|
| c=IN IP4 s2x.example.net
| m=message 12763 TCP/MSRP *
| a=accept-types:text/plain
| a=path:msrp://s2x.example.net:12763/kjhd37s2s20w2a;tcp
The XMPP-to-SIP gateway then acknowledges the session acceptance on behalf of Juliet.
Example 4: Gateway sends ACK to Romeo (F7)
| ACK sip:juliet@example.com SIP/2.0
| To: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| From: <sip:juliet@example.com>
| Contact: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| Call-ID: 29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50
The XMPP-to-SIP gateway then transforms the original XMPP chat message into MSRP.
Example 5: Gateway maps XMPP message to MSRP (F9)
| MSRP a786hjs2 SEND
| From-Path: msrp://x2s.example.com:7654/jshA7weztas;tcp
| To-Path: msrp://s2x.example.net:12763/kjhd37s2s20w2a;tcp
| Message-ID: 54C6F4F1-A39C-47D6-8718-FA65B3D0414A
| Byte-Range: 1-25/25
| Content-Type: text/plain
|
| Art thou not Romeo, and a Montague?
| -------a786hjs2$
Romeo can then send a reply using his MSRP client.
Example 6: Romeo sends reply (F10)
| MSRP di2fs53v SEND
| To-Path: msrp://x2s.example.com:7654/jshA7weztas;tcp
| From-Path: msrp://s2x.example.net:12763/kjhd37s2s20w2a;tcp
| Message-ID: 6480C096-937A-46E7-BF9D-1353706B60AA
| Byte-Range: 1-25/25
| Failure-Report: no
| Content-Type: text/plain
|
| Neither, fair saint, if either thee dislike.
| -------di2fs53v$
The SIP-to-XMPP gateway would then transform that message into appropriate XMPP syntax for routing to the intended recipient.
Example 7: Gateway maps MSRP message to XMPP (F11)
| <message from='romeo@example.net/orchard'
| to='juliet@example.com/balcony'
| id='di2fs53v'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50</thread>
| <body>Neither, fair saint, if either thee dislike.</body>
| </message>
When the MSRP user wishes to end the chat session, the user's MSRP client sends a SIP BYE.
Example 8: Romeo terminates chat session (F13)
| BYE juliet@example.com sip: SIP/2.0
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>;tag=087js
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>;tag=786
| Call-ID: 29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50
| Cseq: 1 BYE
| Content-Length: 0
The BYE is then acknowledged by the XMPP-to-SIP gateway.
Example 9: Gateway acknowledges termination (F15)
| SIP/2.0 200 OK
| From: <sip:juliet@example.com>;tag=786
| To: <sip:romeo@example.net>;tag=087js
| Call-ID: 29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50
| CSeq: 1 BYE
| Content-Length: 0
Because there is no formal session on the XMPP side, there is no corresponding communication from the gateway to the XMPP user. However, it is reasonable for the gateway to send a "gone" chat state notification [XEP-0085], as described under Section 6.1.
When an MSRP client sends messages through a gateway to an XMPP client, the order of events is as follows.
SIP SIP MSRP-to-XMPP XMPP XMPP
User Server Gateway Server User
| | | | |
| (F17) SIP | | | |
| INVITE | | | |
|**************>| | | |
| | (F18) SIP | | |
| | INVITE | | |
| |**************>| | |
| | (F19) SIP | | |
| | 200 OK | | |
| |<**************| | |
| (F20) SIP | | | |
| 200 OK | | | |
|<**************| | | |
| (F21) SIP ACK | | | |
|**************>| | | |
| | (F22) SIP ACK | | |
| |**************>| | |
| (F23) MSRP SEND | | |
|******************************>| | |
| | | (F24) XMPP | |
| | | message | |
| | |..............>| |
| | | | (F25) XMPP |
| | | | message |
| | | |..............>|
. . . . .
. . . . .
| | | | (F26) XMPP |
| | | | message |
| | | |<..............|
| | | (F27) XMPP | |
| | | message | |
| | |<..............| |
| (F28) MSRP SEND | | |
|<******************************| | |
. . . . .
. . . . .
| | | | |
| | | | |
| (F29) SIP BYE | | | |
|**************>| | | |
| | (F30) SIP BYE | | |
| |**************>| | |
| | (F31) SIP | | |
| | 200 OK | | |
| |<**************| | |
| (F36) SIP | | | |
| 200 OK | | | |
|<**************| | | |
Figure 2: MSRP to XMPP Order of Events
The mapping of SIP syntax to XMPP syntax SHOULD be as shown in the following table. (Mappings for several aspects not mentioned here are specified in [I-D.ietf-stox-im].)
Table 2: Message syntax mapping from SIP to XMPP
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| SIP Header or Contents | XMPP Element or Attribute |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
| Call-ID | <thread/> |
| transaction identifier | id |
+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
The protocol flow begins when Romeo starts a chat session with Juliet.
Example 10: Romeo starts chat session (F17)
| INVITE sip:juliet@example.com SIP/2.0
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| Contact: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| Subject: Open chat with Romeo?
| Call-ID: F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F
| Content-Type: application/sdp
|
| c=IN IP4 s2x.example.net
| m=message 7313 TCP/MSRP *
| a=accept-types:text/plain
| a=path:msrp://s2x.example.net:7313/ansp71weztas;tcp
Upon receiving the INVITE, the SIP (MSRP) server needs to determine the identity of the domain portion of the Request-URI or To header, which it does by following the procedures explained in Section 5 of [RFC7247]. If the domain is an XMPP domain, the SIP server will hand off the INVITE to an associated MSRP-to-XMPP gateway or connection manager that natively communicates with XMPP servers.
Example 11: Gateway accepts session on Juliet's behalf (F19)
| SIP/2.0 200 OK
| To: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| From: <sip:juliet@example.com>
| Contact: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| Call-ID: F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F
| Content-Type: application/sdp
|
| c=IN IP4 x2s.example.com
| m=message 8763 TCP/MSRP *
| a=accept-types:text/plain
| a=path:msrp://x2s.example.com:8763/lkjh37s2s20w2a;tcp
Example 12: Romeo sends ACK (F21)
| ACK sip:juliet@example.com SIP/2.0
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| Contact: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| Call-ID: F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F
Example 13: Romeo sends message (F23)
| MSRP ad49kswow SEND
| To-Path: msrp://x2s.example.com:8763/lkjh37s2s20w2a;tcp
| From-Path: msrp://s2x.example.net:7313/ansp71weztas;tcp
| Message-ID: 676FDB92-7852-443A-8005-2A1B9FE44F4E
| Byte-Range: 1-32/32
| Failure-Report: no
| Content-Type: text/plain
|
| I take thee at thy word ...
| -------ad49kswow$
Example 14: MSRP-to-XMPP gateway maps MSRP message to XMPP (F24)
| <message from='romeo@example.net'
| to='juliet@example.com'
| id='ad49kswow'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F</thread>
| <body>I take thee at thy word ...</body>
| </message>
Example 15: Juliet sends reply (F26)
| <message from='juliet@example.com'
| to='romeo@example.net'
| id='ms53b7z9'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50</thread>
| <body>What man art thou ...?</body>
| </message>
Example 16: Gateway maps XMPP message to MSRP (F28)
| MSRP ms53b7z9 SEND
| To-Path: msrp://s2x.example.net:7313/jshA7weztas;tcp
| From-Path: msrp://x2s.example.com:8763/lkjh37s2s20w2a;tcp
| Message-ID: 17EBA17B-94C0-463B-AD84-DE405C4C9D41
| Byte-Range: 1-25/25
| Failure-Report: no
| Content-Type: text/plain
|
| What man art thou ...?
| -------ms53b7z9$
Example 17: Romeo terminates chat session (F29)
| BYE juliet@example.com sip: SIP/2.0
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| Contact: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| Call-ID: F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F
| Cseq: 1 BYE
| Content-Length: 0
Example 18: Gateway acknowledges termination of session on behalf of Juliet (F31)
| SIP/2.0 200 OK
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| Contact: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| Call-ID: F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F
| CSeq: 1 BYE
Both XMPP and MSRP enable a client to receive notifications when a person's conversation partner is composing an instant message within the context of a chat session.
For XMPP, the Chat State Notifications specification [XEP-0085] defines five states: active, inactive, gone, composing, and paused. Some of these states are related to the act of message composition (composing, paused), whereas others are related to the sender's involvement with the chat session (active, inactive, gone). Note that the "gone" chat state is not to be confused with the <gone/> stanza error condition defined in [RFC6120].
For MSRP (and SIP/SIMPLE in general), the Indication of Message Composition for Instant Messaging specification [RFC3994] defines two states: idle and active. Here the idle state indicates that the sender is not actively composing a message, and the active state indicates that the sender is indeed actively composing a message (the sending client simply toggles between the two states, changing to active if the user is actively composing a message and changing to idle if the user is no longer actively composing a message).
Because the XEP-0085 states can represent information that is not captured in RFC 3994, gateways can either (a) map only the composing-related states or (b) map all the XEP-0085 states.
The following mappings are suggested.
Table 3: Mapping of SIP/SIMPLE isComposing events to XMPP chat states
+-------------------+--------------------+
| isComposing Event | Chat State |
+-------------------+--------------------+
| active | composing |
| idle | active |
+-------------------+--------------------+
Table 4: Mapping of XMPP chat states to SIP/SIMPLE isComposing events
+-------------------+--------------------+
| Chat State | isComposing Event |
+-------------------+--------------------+
| active | idle |
| inactive | idle |
| gone | [none, see note] |
| composing | active |
| paused | idle |
+-------------------+--------------------+
Although there is no direct mapping for the "gone" chat state to an isComposing event, receipt of the "gone" state at an XMPP-to-MSRP gateway can serve as a trigger for terminating the formal chat session within MSRP, i.e., for sending a SIP BYE for the session from the XMPP-to-MSRP gateway to the SIP user. The following examples illustrate this indirect mapping (which would occur after step F14 in Figure 1).
Example 19: Juliet sends gone chat state
| <message from='juliet@example.com'
| id='nx62f197'
| to='romeo@example.net'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50</thread>
| <gone xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/chatstates'/>
| </message>
Example 20: XMPP-to-MSRP gateway maps gone chat state to SIP BYE
| BYE romeo@example.net sip: SIP/2.0
| From: <sip:juliet@example.com>;tag=786
| To: <sip:romeo@example.net>;tag=087js
| Call-ID: 29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50
| Cseq: 1 BYE
| Content-Length: 0
Similarly, receipt of a SIP BYE message at an MSRP-to-XMPP gateway can server as a trigger for sending a "gone" chat state notification to the XMPP user. The following examples illustrate this indirect mapping (which would occur after step F30 in Figure 2).
Example 21: Romeo terminates chat session
| BYE juliet@example.com sip: SIP/2.0
| To: <sip:juliet@example.com>;gr=balcony
| From: <sip:romeo@example.net>
| Contact: <sip:romeo@example.net>;gr=orchard
| Call-ID: F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F
| Cseq: 1 BYE
| Content-Length: 0
Example 22: MSRP-to-XMPP gateway generates gone chat state
| <message from='romeo@example.net'
| id='hs61v397'
| to='juliet@example.com'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>F6989A8C-DE8A-4E21-8E07-F0898304796F</thread>
| <gone xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/chatstates'/>
| </message>
To enable these uses, gateways that support chat state notifications MUST support the "gone" state (which is merely recommended, not required, by [XEP-0085]).
It is also reasonable for gateways to implement timers that automatically trigger a "gone" chat state if the XMPP user has not sent a message within the "session" for a given amount of time.
Both XMPP and MSRP enable a client to receive notifications when a message has been received by the intended recipient.
For XMPP, the Message Receipts specification [XEP-0184] defines a method and XML namespace for requesting and returning indications that a message has been received by a client controlled by the intended recipient.
For MSRP, a native reporting feature is included, in the form of REPORT chunks (see Sections 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 of [RFC4975]).
Examples follow.
First, the XMPP user sends a message containing a request for delivery notification.
Example 23: Juliet sends XMPP message with receipt request
| <message from='juliet@example.com'
| id='bf9m36d5'
| to='romeo@example.net'
| type='chat'>
| <thread>29377446-0CBB-4296-8958-590D79094C50</thread>
| <body>What man art thou ...?</body>
| <request xmlns='urn:xmpp:receipts'/>
| </message>
Example 24: Gateway maps XMPP message to MSRP
| MSRP bf9m36d5 SEND
| To-Path: msrp://s2x.example.net:7313/jshA7weztas;tcp
| From-Path: msrp://x2s.example.com:8763/lkjh37s2s20w2a;tcp
| Message-ID: 6187CF9B-317A-41DA-BB6A-5E48A9C794EF
| Byte-Range: 1-25/25
| Success-Report: yes
| Failure-Report: no
| Content-Type: text/plain
|
| What man art thou ...?
| -------bf9m36d5$
Next, the recipient returns a report.
Example 25: Romeo returns MSRP receipt
| MSRP hx74g336 REPORT
| To-Path: msrp://x2s.example.com:8763/lkjh37s2s20w2a;tcp
| From-Path: msrp://s2x.example.net:7313/jshA7weztas;tcp
| Message-ID: 6187CF9B-317A-41DA-BB6A-5E48A9C794EF
| Byte-Range: 1-106/106
| Status: 000 200 OK
| -------hx74g336$
Example 26: MSRP-to-XMPP gateway maps receipt to XMPP
| <message from='romeo@example.net'
| id='hx74g336'
| to='juliet@example.com'>
| <received xmlns='urn:xmpp:receipts' id='87652491'/>
| </message>
Relevant discussion of internationalized text in messages can be found in [I-D.ietf-stox-im].
This document requests no actions of IANA.
Detailed security considerations for instant messaging protocols are given in [RFC2779], for MSRP chat in [RFC4975] (see also [RFC3261] when SIP is used to negotiate MSRP sessions), and for XMPP-based instant messaging in [RFC6121] (see also [RFC6120]). The security considerations provided in [RFC7247] also apply.
This document specifies methods for exchanging instant messages through a gateway that translates between SIP/MSRP and XMPP. Such a gateway MUST be compliant with the minimum security requirements of the textual chat protocols for which it translates (i.e., MSRP and XMPP). The addition of gateways to the security model of instant messaging specified in [RFC2779] introduces some new risks. In particular, end-to-end security properties (especially confidentiality and integrity) between instant messaging clients that interface through an MSRP-XMPP gateway can be provided only if common formats are supported. Specification of those common formats is out of scope for this document, although it is suggested to use [RFC3862] for instant messages.
| [I-D.ietf-stox-im] | Saint-Andre, P., Houri, A. and J. Hildebrand, "Interworking between the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging", Internet-Draft draft-ietf-stox-im-08, March 2014. |
| [RFC2779] | Day, M., Aggarwal, S. and J. Vincent, "Instant Messaging / Presence Protocol Requirements", RFC 2779, February 2000. |
Special thanks to Eddy Gavita and Nazin Hossain for co-authoring an early version of this document.
Thanks to Mary Barnes, Ben Campbell, Dave Crocker, Adrian Georgescu, Philipp Hancke, Saul Ibarra Corretge, Tory Patnoe, and Matt Ryan for their feedback.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Markus Isomaki and Yana Stamcheva as the working group chairs and Gonzalo Camarillo and Alissa Cooper as the sponsoring Area Directors.
Peter Saint-Andre wishes to acknowledge Cisco Systems, Inc., for employing him during his work on earlier versions of this document.