| teas | R. Rokui |
| Internet-Draft | Nokia |
| Intended status: Informational | S. Homma |
| Expires: October 23, 2020 | NTT |
| K. Makhijani | |
| Futurewei | |
| LM. Contreras | |
| Telefonica | |
| April 21, 2020 |
IETF Definition of Transport Slice
draft-nsdt-teas-transport-slice-definition-02
This document describes the definition of a slice in the transport networks and its characteristics. The purpose here is to bring clarity and a common understanding of the transport slice concept and describe related terms and their meaning. It explains how transport slices can be used in end to end network slices, or independently.
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A number of use cases benefit from establishing a transport connectivity according to the assurance of a specific set of network resources. Some such services which might benefit from the transport slices are:
This document defines the concept of transport slices that provide connectivity with specific use of network resources between a number of end points over a shared network infrastructure. Transport slices are created and managed within the scope of transport networks (e.g. IP, MPLS, optical). They are expected to enable a diverse set of applications that have different requirements on communication to coexist on the same network infrastructure.
Transport slices relate to a more general topic of network slicing. It is not the goal of this document to define this broader concept, but in general, it is a methodology to describe the logical partitioning of network resources associated with a service or an application.
The terms and abbreviations used in this document are listed below.
Author's notes: This list may be non-exhaustive. Also, a light explanation for each term would be required. Or this section may be removed if it isn't needed.
The basic definition of a transport slice is as follows:
"A transport slice is a logical network topology connecting a number of endpoints and a set of shared or dedicated network resources, which are used to satisfy specific Service Level Objectives (SLO)".
SLOs are used to describe different network resources associated with the service delivered and corresponding parameters necessary to realize the transport slice.
Transport slice should be technology-agnostic, and the means for realization can be chosen depending on several factors such as service requirements, specifications or capabilities of underlying infrastructure. The structure and different characteristics of transport slices are described in the following sections.
The characteristics here describe the properties and main functionality related to different components of a system that supports transport slices.
A transport slice is defined in terms of several quantifiable objectives or SLOs. These objectives define a set of network resource parameters or values necessary to provide a service a given transport slice. SLOs need not concern with 'how' will they get implemented or realized in the underlying networks. They may be defined along the dimensions of operations (time, capacity, compute...), reliability and, availability attributes. A non-exhaustive list of characteristics types for transport slice is described below: [I-D.nsdt-teas-ns-framework] may further specify mechanisms for the performance, assurance and monitoring of these objectives.
The framework
Note: Additional objectives may be necessary to capture, such as specifying well defined paths or domains that a slice may transit. A transport slice carries multiple flows between the 2 endpoints, therefore objectives should also say if they are aggregates or on per flow basis and in such case to be specific enough for the system to be able to identify these specifics (subset of flows).
Further description of a set of measurable attributes is captured in [I-D.contreras-teas-slice-nbi].
SLA vs SLO discussion: In defining transport slices, the term SLO instead of SLA is used even though SLAs are more commonly used term by the operators. SLOs are definitive and measurable parameters associated with a service, therefore, network resource and connectivity requirements are defined accurately. In contrast, service level agreements represent contracts for a service between a service provider and a service consumer (or subscriber). Providers then translate SLA into SLO; these translations vary from one service provider to the other. Therefore, all through within the scope of transport slices term SLO will be used.
Due to overloading of the term, a further discussion is added to highlight two aspects of isolation, first the resolution of isolation of an objective (as described above) and second, the dedicated use or a hard-separation perspective of the resource.
Providing a hard resolution of guarantee for the characteristics of a transport slice means that the behavior and performance of other transport slices should not impact that slice, even if they run over the same underlying infrastructure or use logically shared network resources.
In the context of soft resolution of guarantees, since the transport slices are logically partitioned over the shared resources, a certain degree of commitment to the guarantee is expected even when it is not hard. When the shared resource pools begin to become saturated, SLO violations can happen, however, impacting only the performance or operation of service associated with the transport slice.
This degree of isolation can be derived from availability characteristics requested, such as whether a hard or soft guarantee was requested. Requesting a hard guarantee may commit more resources than would be required for a softer limit.
In addition, resource isolation may be applied to ensure dedicated access to a particular node, for instance. In such requests a dedicated allocation to a link, node and/or other resources to create a transport slice for a particular service. For example, a mission-critical service may ask for a dedicated router and/or a link or port for complete isolation from other services.
When realizing a transport slice, a network controller should be responsible for allocating and providing resources according to the specified objectives.
SLO violations can occur for two reasons and corresponding statements apply
Transport slice endpoints are the terminating or originating nodes requiring connectivity with specific SLO. Endpoints may be devices or functions.
There are two types of endpoints based on the functions they perform.
This document leverages the term Network Function (NF) to represent both types of endpoints in [I-D.ietf-teas-sf-aware-topo-model].
Endpoints may be connected point to point (P2P), point to multipoint (P2MP), multi-point to point (MP2P), or multi-point to multi-point (MP2MP) based on the topology requested by the customer.
Transport slice may follow a hierarchical relationship that would provide a vertical structure to it. This is used for building multi-layer slices in which each layer provides an abstraction, as well as an independent monitoring, performance, control and management of the resources. The vertical transport slice characteristic maybe used in 2 forms:
<======================== TS1 ========================>
<=====TS11=======> <==============TS12===============>
<====TS121====> <=====TS122======>
.--. .--. .--.
( )--. ( )--. ( )--.
.' ' .' ' .' '
[EU-x] ( Network-1 ) ( Network-2 ) ... ( Network-3 ) [EU-y]
`-----------' `-----------' `----------'
| | |
| Operator-y | Operator-z |
Legend:
TSnnn: Level 3 vertical transport slice nnn
TSnn: Level 2 vertical transport slice nn
TSn: Level 1 transport Slice n
Figure 1: Transport Slice Vertical and Horizontal Composition
Figure 1 shows the transport slice hierarchy. Slices TS11 and TS12 are composed together to form TS1 that is the top level transport slice definition, TS121 and TS122 collectively define TS12. The SLO for bandwidth guarantee will be shared and latency guarantee will be split into latency in networks 2 and 3. To emphasize the hierarchical structure, consider Network-2 and Network-3 are in the same administrative domain but use different transport technologies SR and L2VPN respectively. Then instead of presenting 2 transport slices, Operator-z can expose only one transport slice TS12 abstracting the underlying transport technology details.
In contrast, horizontal transport slices enable the composition of multiple realized transport slices. Since transport slices are not necessarily a single encapsulation tunnel and may traverse through different data planes, each realized transport slice will require a stitching, interworking or mapping function. These stitching functions can be viewed as a type of intermediate network function endpoints. For instance in Figure 1, TS11 and TS12 are horizontal transport slices. If we assume that TS11 is an L2 tunnel and TS12 is an SRV6 based path, then a 'Service type EP' (not shown in the figure) is needed for translation.
Author's notes: This service type EP is a new type of transport slice specific service function. We may call it transport slice gateway.
A transport slice has a set of connections and various endpoints to form a logical network. The goal is to achieve specific SLO for a customer as shown in Figure 2. The endpoints may be user equipment, any physical or virtual network functions (PNF/VNF), or any network service for that matter. Similarly, connections may be virtual or physical links of any type of technology.
____________________________
[EP11]------/ /--[EP21]
/ /
[EP12]----/ Transport Slice /----[EP22]
: / (SLOs e.g. /
: / B/W > x bps, Delay < y ms)/
[EP1m]-/___________________________/-------[EP2n]
== == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == == ==
.--. .--.
[EP11] ( )- . ( )- . [EP21]
.' ' SLO .' '
[EP12] ( Network-1 ) ... ( Network-p ) [EP22]
: `-----------' `-----------' :
[EP1m] [EP2n]
Legend
SLOs in terms of attributes, e.g. BW, delay.
EP: Endpoint
B/W: Bandwidth
Figure 2: Transport slice
Figure 2 illustrates a case where a single transport slice provides connectivity between any pair of endpoints with specific characteristics for SLO (i.e., assuring bandwidth to at least x bps and transmission delay to be less than y ms). The endpoints may be distributed in the underlay networks, and transport slice can be deployed across multiple network domains. Also, the endpoints on the same transport slice may belong to the same address space.
The "Transport Slices" provides various connections with certain SLO between various endpoints whereas the transport slice realization addresses its implementation using various technologies. In short, the structure of a transport slice involves both definition and its realization.
A transport slice is built based on a request from a higher operations system. The interface to higher operations systems should express the needed connectivity in a technology-agnostic way, and slice customers don't need to recognize concrete configurations based on the technologies (e.g being more declarative than imperative). The request to instantiate a transport slice is represented with some indicators such as SLO, and technologies are selected and managed accordingly.
In the context of network slices, the term sub-slice or slice-subnet comes up in other standard organizations, however, w.r.t. the IP/MPLS based transport networks these terms are all equivalent.
Furthermore, the structure of transport slices may be layered vertically or composed horizontally, i.e. operationally, a transport slice maybe decomposed in two or more transport slices which are then independently realized and managed. This is further described in Section 4.3.
A transport slice and its realization involves the following stakeholders and it is relevant to define them for consistent terminology.
+------------------------------------------+
| Customer |
+------------------------------------------+
A
|
V
+------------------------------------------+
| A higher level system |
| (e.g e2e network slice orchestrator) |
+------------------------------------------+
A
| TSC NBI
V
+------------------------------------------+
| Transport Slice Controller |
+------------------------------------------+
A
| TSC SBI
V
+------------------------------------------+
| Network Controller(s) |
+------------------------------------------+
Figure 3: Interface of Transport Slice Controller
The interworking and inter-operability among the different stakeholders is required to provide common means of provisioning, operating and monitoring the transport slices. The following communication interfaces are identified (see Figure 3).
Realization of a Transport Slice is a mapping of underlying infrastructure with its definition. It is technology specific entity that is created and maintained over southbound interfaces. The Network controller(s) export the connectivity and resource mappings to the TSC. The network controller abstracts the details of underlying resources from the TSC.
The realization may be achieved in the form of either physical or logical connectivity through VPNs, a variety of tunneling technologies such as segment routing, SFC, etc. Accordingly, endpoints may be realized as physical or logical service or network functions.
An end-to-end (E2E) network slice is a complete logical network that provides a service in its entirety with a specific assurance to the customer. A transport slice concerns with those assurance aspects only within the transport networks. Consider Figure 4, where a network operator has an E2E network slice that traverses multiple technology-specific networks. Each of these networks might use any number of technologies, including but not limited to IP, MPLS, Fiber-Optics (e.g. WDM, DWDM), Passive Optical Networking (PON), Microwave, etc.
Each of these networks includes multiple (physical or virtual) nodes and may also provide network functions beyond simply carrying of technology-specific protocol data units. The types of nodes used in any of these networks may include:
Each network may support different technologies and an E2E network slice is a combination of these networks. As an example:
<======================= E2E NS ======================>
<-OS1-> <-TS1-> <-TS2-> <-OS2-> ... <-TSn-> <-OSm->
|------------------------------------------------------|
| .--. .--. .--. |
| ( )--. ( )--. ( )--. |
| .' ' .' ' .' ' |
[EU-x] | ( Network-1 ) ( Network-2 ) ... ( Network-p ) |[EU-y]
| `-----------' `-----------' `----------' |
| |
| Operator-z |
|------------------------------------------------------|
Legend:
E2E NS: End-to-end network slice
TSn: Transport Slice n
OSm: Other Slice m
EU-x: End User-x
EU-y: End User-y
Figure 4: E2E network slice
When an operator-z creates a specific E2E network slice, it may create one or more of transport slices and other slices (application logic or other system functions).
An independent E2E logical network (called E2E network slice) is created for a service (e.g. CCTV, autonomous driving, HD map, etc.) with a specific network SLO requirement e.g. a secure connection with an E2E latency less than 5ms, from End User-x (EU-x) to End User-y (EU-y). EU-x maybe a 5G user equipment such as an infotainment unit in a car, CCTV, or a car for autonomous driving, etc. and EU-y in 5G is 5G application server, IMS, etc.
In Figure 4, "E2E NS" is that logical network with requested SLO between EU-x to EU-y and is associated with a customer and a specific service type.
TBD
This memo includes no request to IANA.
The entire TEAS NS design team and everyone participating in those discussion has contributed to this draft. Particularly, Eric Gray, Xufeng Liu, Jie Dong, Jeff Tantsura, and Jari Arkko for a thorough review among other contributions.