| OAuth Working Group | N. Sakimura |
| Internet-Draft | Nomura Research Institute |
| Intended status: Standards Track | K. Li |
| Expires: December 31, 2015 | Alibaba Group |
| June 29, 2015 |
Sender Constrained JWT for OAuth 2.0
draft-sakimura-oauth-rjwtprof-04
This discussion document describes a method to indicate a sender constraint within JWT. It could potentially be incorporated into POPS spec [POPS].
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
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OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture [POPA] identifies Sender Constraint and Key Confirmation as possible threat mitigation methods against the use of token by an unauthorized presenter. While Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) [POPS] touches briefly on the Sender Constraint, it is only one paragraph within a introductory text and does not discuss it in detail. Instead, it devotes much of the discussion to the Key Confirmation method. It also is making the usage of such token against the resource server out of scope.
This discussion draft describes a way to express the Sender Constraint in the JWT, as well as one possible way of using it to access a protected resource.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Unless otherwise noted, all the protocol parameter names and values are case sensitive.
For the purpose of this document, the terms defined in RFC6749 [RFC6749] is used. In addition, following term is defined.
There are scenarios that the bearer token may be stolen, modified, reused or replayed. To prevent these threats, resource servers need to obtain additional assurance that the client is indeed authorized to present an access token. The detailed use cases can be found in OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture [POPA] specificaiton.
As described in OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture [POPA] specificaiton, there are several ways to prevent these bearer token threats: Confidentiality Protection, Sender Constraint and Key Confirmation. Key Confirmation mechanism is desribed in OAuth 2.0 Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) [POPS] specification in detail, but Sender Constraint mechanism is not explained in detail.
In fact, Key Confirmation mechanism increased a lot of complexity, and a complete key distribution protocol has to be defined. Sender Confirmation mechanism can be relatively easier to implement in some cases, for example, when the client identity informaiton is easy to be accessed through APIs, when the client authentication is easy to achieve. So, Sender Confirmation mechanism should also be specified, and it can work as an alternative mechanism to mitigate the bearer token threats.
Sender Constraint is expressed by including the following member at the top level of JWT payload.
Following is an example of such JWT payload.
{
"iss": "https://server.example.com",
"sub": "joe@example.com",
"azp": "clientID-1342050",
"aud": "https://client.example.org",
"exp": "1361398824",
"nbf": "1360189224",
}
Figure 1 Example of Sender Constrained JWT.
The resource server that supports this specification MUST authenticate the Client. In this document a possible method is proposed as follows:
1. The authorized presenter issues a HEAD or GET request to the resource server.
GET /resource/1234 HTTP/1.0 Host: server.example.com
2. The resource server returns a HTTP 401 response with WWW-Authenticate header with "Named" scheme, whcih includes nonce.
HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized Server: HTTPd/0.9 Date: Wed, 14 March 2015 09:26:53 GMT WWW-Authenticate: Named nonce="dcd98b7102dd2f0e8b11d0f600bfb0c093"
3. The client creates JWS compact seriarization over the nonce.
4. The client sends the request to the resource server, this time with Authorization: header with Named scheme and access token and the JWS.
GET /resource/1234 HTTP/1.0 Host: server.example.com Authorization: Named at="access.token.jwt", s="jws.of.nonce"
5. The resource server finds the client key corresponding to the value of azp in the access token. It may have been obtained through client registration at the Issuer.
6. The resource server creates the JWS of the nonce and compares it with the value of s of the Authorization header. If it fails, the process stops here and the resource access MUST be denied.
7. The resource server MUST verify the access token. If it is valid, the resource SHOULD be returned as HTTP resonse.
A new scheme has been registered in the HTTP Authentication Scheme Registry as follows:
Authentication Scheme Name: Named
Reference: Section xx of this specification
Notes (optional): Tha Named Authentication scheme is inteded to be used only with OAuth Resource Access, and thus does not support proxy authentication.
This specification registers the Destination Claim defined herein in the IANA JSON Web Token Claims registry defined in [I-D.ietf-oauth-json-web-token].
Needless to say, the client's secret key must be kept securely.
TBD
| [RFC2119] | Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. |
| [RFC6749] | Hardt, D., "The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Framework", RFC 6749, October 2012. |
| [POPA] | Hunt, P., "OAuth 2.0 Proof-of-Possession (PoP) Security Architecture", March 2015. |
| [POPS] | Jones, M., "Proof-Of-Possession Semantics for JSON Web Tokens (JWTs)", March 2015. |