| PKIX | H. Prafullchandra |
| Internet-Draft | J. Schaad |
| Obsoletes: 2875 (if approved) | Soaring Hawk Consulting |
| Intended status: Standards Track | March 09, 2012 |
| Expires: September 08, 2012 |
Diffie-Hellman Proof-of-Possession Algorithms
draft-schaad-pkix-rfc2875-bis-00
This document describes two methods for producing an integrity check value from a Diffie-Hellman key pair and one method for producing an integrity check value from an Elliptic Curve key pair. This behavior is needed for such operations as creating the signature of a PKCS #10 certification request. These algorithms are designed to provide a proof-of-possession rather than general purpose signing.
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 08, 2012.
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process. Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other than English.
PKCS #10 [RFC2314] defines a syntax for certification requests. It assumes that the public key being requested for certification corresponds to an algorithm that is capable of signing/encrypting. Diffie-Hellman (DH) and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) are a key agreement algorithms and as such cannot be directly used for signing or encryption.
This document describes new proof-of-possession algorithms. Two methods use the Diffie-Hellman key agreement process to provide a shared secret as the basis of an integrity check value and one method uses the Elliptic-Curve key agreement process. In the first and third algorithm, the value is constructed for a specific recipient/verifier by using a public key of that verifier. In the second algorithm, the value is constructed for arbitrary verifiers.
It should be noted that we did not create an algorithm that parallels ECDSA like was done for DSA. Given the current PKIX definitions for the public key parameters of Elliptical curve, the number of groups is both limited and pre-defined. This means that the probability that the same set of parameters are going to be used by the key requester and the key validator would be high. Also since the group verification has been done centrally and with lots of validation, the odds that a cryptographically weak group are used is much reduced. Additionally, any system which could compute such a parallel algorithm would just be able to use the ECDSA algorithm in any event.
The following changes have been made:
The following definitions will be used in this document
DH certificate = a certificate whose SubjectPublicKey is a DH public value and is signed with any signature algorithm (e.g. RSA or DSA).
ECDH certificate = a certificate whose SubjectPublicKey is a ECDH public value and is signed with any signature algorithm (i.e. RSA or ECDSA).
Proof-of-Possession (POP) is a method that provides a method for a second party to perform an algorithm to establish with some degree of assurance that the first party does possess and has the ability to use a private key. The reasoning behind doing POP can be found in Appendix C in [CRMF].
The Static DH POP algorithm is setup to use a key derivation function (KDF) and a message authentication code (MAC). This algorithm requires that a common set of group parameters be used by both the creator and verifier of the POP value.
The steps for creating a DH POP are:
The POP verification process requires the Recipient to carry out steps (a) through (d) and then simply compare the result of step (d) with what it received as the signature component. If they match then the following can be concluded:
The alogorithm outlined above allows for the use of an arbitrary hash function in computing the temporary key and the MAC value. In this specfication we defined object identifiers for the SHA-1 and SHA-256 hash values. The ASN.1 structures associated with the static Diffie-Hellman POP algorithm are:
sa-dhPop-static-sha1-hmac-sha1 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-dhPop-static-HMAC-SHA1
VALUE DhSigStatic
PARAMS ARE absent
HASHES {mda-sha1}
PUBLIC-KEYS {pk-dh}
}
id-dhPop-static-HMAC-SHA1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) 3
}
id-dhPop-static-sha1-hmac-sha1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
id-dhPop-static-HMAC-SHA1
DhSigStatic ::= SEQUENCE {
issuerAndSerial IssuerAndSerialNumber OPTIONAL,
hashValue MessageDigest
}
sa-dhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-dhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256
VALUE DhSigStatic
PARAMS ARE absent
HASHES {mda-sha256}
PUBLIC-KEYS {pk-dh}
}
id-alg-dhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD1
}
issuerAndSerial is the issuer name and serial number of the certificate from which the public key was obtained. The issuerAndSerial field is omitted if the public key did not come from a certificate.
hashValue contains the result of the MAC operation in step 3d.
DhPopStatic is encoded as a BIT STRING and is the signature value (i.e. encodes the above sequence instead of the raw output from 3d).
The use of a single set of parameters for an entire public key infrastructure allows all keys in the group to be attacked together.
For this reason we need to create a proof of possession for Diffie- Hellman keys that does not require the use of a common set of parameters.
This POP is based on the Digital Signature Algorithm, but we have removed the restrictions imposed by the [FIPS-186] standard. The use of this method does impose some additional restrictions on the set of keys that may be used, however if the key generation algorithm documented in [RFC2631] is used the required restrictions are met. The additional restrictions are the requirement for the existence of a q parameter. Adding the q parameter is generally accepted as a good practice as it allows for checking of small group attacks.
The following definitions are used in the rest of this section:
p is a large prime
g = h(p-1)/q mod p ,
where h is any integer 1 < h < p-1 such that h(p-1) mod q > 1
(g has order q mod p)
q is a large prime
j is a large integer such that p = qj + 1
x is a randomly or pseudo-randomly generated integer with 1 < x < q
y = g^x mod p
HASH is a hash function such that
h = the output size of HASH in bits
Note: These definitions match the ones in [RFC2631].
Besides the addition of a q parameter, [FIPS-186] also imposes size restrictions on the parameters. The length of q must be 160-bits (matching output of the SHA-1 digest algorithm) and length of p must be 1024-bits. The size restriction on p is eliminated in this document, but the size restriction on q is replaced with the requirement that q must be at least h bits in length. (If the hash function is SHA-1, then h=160 bits and the size restriction on q is identical with that in [RFC2631].)
Given that there is not a random length-hashing algorithm, a hash value of the message will need to be derived such that the hash is in the range from 0 to q-1. If the length of q is greater than h then a method must be provided to expand the hash length.
The method for expanding the digest value used in this section does not add any additional security beyond the h bits provided by the hash algorithm. The value being signed is increased mainly to enhance the difficulty of reversing the signature process.
This algorithm produces m the value to be signed.
Let L = the size of q (i.e. 2^L <= q < 2^(L+1)).
Let M be the original message to be signed.
Let h be the length of HASH output
Thus the final result of the process meets the criteria that 0 <= m < q.
The signature algorithm produces the pair of values (r, s), which is the signature. The signature is computed as follows:
Given m, the value to be signed, as well as the parameters defined earlier in section 5.
The signature verification process is far more complicated than is normal for the Digital Signature Algorithm, as some assumptions about the validity of parameters cannot be taken for granted.
Given a message m to be validated, the signature value pair (r, s) and the parameters for the key.
The signature algorithm is parameterized by the hash algorithm. We define two different object identifiers, one for SHA-1 and one for SHA-256. The signature is encoded using
sa-dh-pop-SHA1 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-dh-pop
VALUE DSA-Sig-Value
PARAMS TYPE DomainParameters ARE optional
HASHES { mda-sha1}
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-dh }
}
id-alg-dh-pop-SHA1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= id-alg-dh-pop
id-alg-dh-pop OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-pkix id-alg(6) 4}
sa-dh-pop-SHA256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-dh-pop-SHA256
VALUE DSA-Sig-Value
PARAMS TYPE DomainParameters ARE optional
HASHES { mda-sha256 }
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-dh }
}
id-alg-dh-pop-SHA256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD2
}
The parameters for these algorithms are encoded as DomainParameters (imported from [RFC5280]). The parameters may be omitted in the signature, as they must exist in the associated key request.
The signature value pair r and s are encoded using Dss-Sig-Value (imported from [RFC5280]).
The Static ECDH POP algorithm is setup to use a key derivation function (KDF) and a message authentication code (MAC). This algorithm requires that a common set of group parameters be used by both the creator and verifier of the POP value.
The steps for creating a ECDH POP are:
The POP verification process requires the Recipient to carry out steps (a) through (d) and then simply compare the result of step (d) with what it received as the signature component. If they match then the following can be concluded:
The alogorithm outlined above allows for the use of an arbitrary hash function in computing the temporary key and the MAC value. In this specfication we defined object identifiers for the SHA-1 and SHA-256 hash values. The ASN.1 structures associated with the static Diffie-Hellman POP algorithm are:
id-alg-ecdhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD3
}
sa-ecdh-pop-SHA256-HMAC-SHA256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-ecdhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256
VALUE DhSigStatic
PARAMS ARE absent
HASHES { mda-sha256 }
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-ec }
}
issuerAndSerial is the issuer name and serial number of the certificate from which the public key was obtained. The issuerAndSerial field is omitted if the public key did not come from a certificate.
hashValue contains the result of the SHA-1 HMAC operation in step 3d.
DhPopStatic is encoded as a BIT STRING and is the signature value (i.e. encodes the above sequence instead of the raw output from 3d).
In the static DH POP algorithm, an appropriate value can be produced by either party. Thus this algorithm only provides integrity and not origination service. The Discrete Logarithm algorithm provides both integrity checking and origination checking.
All the security in this system is provided by the secrecy of the private keying material. If either sender or recipient private keys are disclosed, all messages sent or received using that key are compromised. Similarly, loss of the private key results in an inability to read messages sent using that key.
Selection of parameters can be of paramount importance. In the selection of parameters one must take into account the community/group of entities that one wishes to be able to communicate with. In choosing a set of parameters one must also be sure to avoid small groups. [FIPS-186] Appendixes 2 and 3 contain information on the selection of parameters. The practices outlined in this document will lead to better selection of parameters.
| [RFC2119] | Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. |
| [RFC2314] | Kaliski, B., "PKCS #10: Certification Request Syntax Version 1.5", RFC 2314, March 1998. |
| [RFC2104] | Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M. and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997. |
| [RFC2631] | Rescorla, E., "Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Method", RFC 2631, June 1999. |
| [CRMF] | Schaad, J., "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Request Message Format (CRMF)", RFC 4211, September 2005. |
| [RFC5280] | Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S., Housley, R. and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008. |
| [RFC5912] | Hoffman, P. and J. Schaad, "New ASN.1 Modules for the Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX)", RFC 5912, June 2010. |
The following is a partial list of issues to be addressed:
This appendix represents the normative version of the ASN.1 module for this document. In the event of a discrepancy between this module and the 2008 version of the module, this module wins.
DH-Sign DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
BEGIN
--EXPORTS ALL
-- The types and values defined in this module are exported for use
-- in the other ASN.1 modules. Other applications may use them
-- for their own purposes.
IMPORTS
IssuerAndSerialNumber, MessageDigest
FROM CryptographicMessageSyntax2004 { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16)
modules(0) cms-2004(24) }
id-pkix
FROM PKIX1Explicit88 { iso(1) identified-organization(3)
dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7)
id-mod(0) id-pkix1-explicit(18) }
Dss-Sig-Value, DomainParameters
FROM PKIX1Algorithms88 {iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-pkix1-algorithms(17)};
id-dh-sig-hmac-sha1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-pkix id-alg(6) 3}
DhSigStatic ::= SEQUENCE {
issuerAndSerial IssuerAndSerialNumber OPTIONAL,
hashValue MessageDigest
}
id-alg-dh-pop OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-pkix id-alg(6) 4}
id-alg-dh-pop-sha256-hmac-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD1
}
END
This appendix represents an informative version of the ASN.1 module for this document. This module references the object classes defined by [RFC5912] to more completely describe all of the associations between the elements defined in this document. It also represents a module that will compile using the most current definition of ASN.1
DH-Sign DEFINITIONS IMPLICIT TAGS ::=
BEGIN
--EXPORTS ALL
-- The types and values defined in this module are exported for use
-- in the other ASN.1 modules. Other applications may use them
-- for their own purposes.
IMPORTS
SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM
FROM AlgorithmInformation-2009
{iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-algorithmInformation-02(58)}
IssuerAndSerialNumber, MessageDigest
FROM CryptographicMessageSyntax-2010 { iso(1) member-body(2)
us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs-9(9) smime(16)
modules(0) id-mod-cms-2009(58) }
DSA-Sig-Value, DomainParameters, ECDSA-Sig-Value,
mda-sha1, mda-sha256,
pk-dh, pk-ec
FROM PKIXAlgs-2009 { iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-pkix1-algorithms2008-02(56) }
id-pkix
FROM PKIX1Explicit-2009 {iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6)
internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7) id-mod(0)
id-mod-pkix1-explicit-02(51)};
sa-dhPop-static-sha1-hmac-sha1 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-dhPop-static-HMAC-SHA1
VALUE DhSigStatic
PARAMS ARE absent
HASHES {mda-sha1}
PUBLIC-KEYS {pk-dh}
}
id-dhPop-static-HMAC-SHA1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) 3
}
id-dhPop-static-sha1-hmac-sha1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
id-dhPop-static-HMAC-SHA1
DhSigStatic ::= SEQUENCE {
issuerAndSerial IssuerAndSerialNumber OPTIONAL,
hashValue MessageDigest
}
sa-dhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-dhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256
VALUE DhSigStatic
PARAMS ARE absent
HASHES {mda-sha256}
PUBLIC-KEYS {pk-dh}
}
id-alg-dhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD1
}
sa-dh-pop-SHA1 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-dh-pop
VALUE DSA-Sig-Value
PARAMS TYPE DomainParameters ARE optional
HASHES { mda-sha1}
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-dh }
}
id-alg-dh-pop-SHA1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= id-alg-dh-pop
id-alg-dh-pop OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {id-pkix id-alg(6) 4}
sa-dh-pop-SHA256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-dh-pop-SHA256
VALUE DSA-Sig-Value
PARAMS TYPE DomainParameters ARE optional
HASHES { mda-sha256 }
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-dh }
}
id-alg-dh-pop-SHA256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD2
}
id-alg-ecdhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {
id-pkix id-alg(6) TBD3
}
sa-ecdh-pop-SHA256-HMAC-SHA256 SIGNATURE-ALGORITHM ::= {
IDENTIFIER id-alg-ecdhPop-static-sha256-hmac-sha256
VALUE DhSigStatic
PARAMS ARE absent
HASHES { mda-sha256 }
PUBLIC-KEYS { pk-ec }
}
END
The following example follows the steps described earlier in section 3.
Step 1: Establishing common Diffie-Hellman parameters. Assume the parameters are as in the DER encoded certificate. The certificate contains a DH public key signed by a CA with a DSA signing key.
0 30 939: SEQUENCE {
4 30 872: SEQUENCE {
8 A0 3: [0] {
10 02 1: INTEGER 2
: }
13 02 6: INTEGER
: 00 DA 39 B6 E2 CB
21 30 11: SEQUENCE {
23 06 7: OBJECT IDENTIFIER dsaWithSha1 (1 2 840 10040 4 3)
32 05 0: NULL
: }
34 30 72: SEQUENCE {
36 31 11: SET {
38 30 9: SEQUENCE {
40 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
45 13 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
49 31 17: SET {
51 30 15: SEQUENCE {
53 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationName (2 5 4 10)
58 13 8: PrintableString 'XETI Inc'
: }
: }
68 31 16: SET {
70 30 14: SEQUENCE {
72 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationalUnitName (2 5 4
11)
77 13 7: PrintableString 'Testing'
: }
: }
86 31 20: SET {
88 30 18: SEQUENCE {
90 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER commonName (2 5 4 3)
95 13 11: PrintableString 'Root DSA CA'
: }
: }
: }
108 30 30: SEQUENCE {
110 17 13: UTCTime '990914010557Z'
125 17 13: UTCTime '991113010557Z'
: }
140 30 70: SEQUENCE {
142 31 11: SET {
144 30 9: SEQUENCE {
146 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
151 13 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
155 31 17: SET {
157 30 15: SEQUENCE {
159 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationName (2 5 4 10)
164 13 8: PrintableString 'XETI Inc'
: }
: }
174 31 16: SET {
176 30 14: SEQUENCE {
178 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationalUnitName (2 5 4
11)
183 13 7: PrintableString 'Testing'
: }
: }
192 31 18: SET {
194 30 16: SEQUENCE {
196 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER commonName (2 5 4 3)
201 13 9: PrintableString 'DH TestCA'
: }
: }
: }
212 30 577: SEQUENCE {
216 30 438: SEQUENCE {
220 06 7: OBJECT IDENTIFIER dhPublicKey (1 2 840 10046 2 1)
229 30 425: SEQUENCE {
233 02 129: INTEGER
: 00 94 84 E0 45 6C 7F 69 51 62 3E 56 80 7C 68 E7
: C5 A9 9E 9E 74 74 94 ED 90 8C 1D C4 E1 4A 14 82
: F5 D2 94 0C 19 E3 B9 10 BB 11 B9 E5 A5 FB 8E 21
: 51 63 02 86 AA 06 B8 21 36 B6 7F 36 DF D1 D6 68
: 5B 79 7C 1D 5A 14 75 1F 6A 93 75 93 CE BB 97 72
: 8A F0 0F 23 9D 47 F6 D4 B3 C7 F0 F4 E6 F6 2B C2
: 32 E1 89 67 BE 7E 06 AE F8 D0 01 6B 8B 2A F5 02
: D7 B6 A8 63 94 83 B0 1B 31 7D 52 1A DE E5 03 85
: 27
365 02 128: INTEGER
: 26 A6 32 2C 5A 2B D4 33 2B 5C DC 06 87 53 3F 90
: 06 61 50 38 3E D2 B9 7D 81 1C 12 10 C5 0C 53 D4
: 64 D1 8E 30 07 08 8C DD 3F 0A 2F 2C D6 1B 7F 57
: 86 D0 DA BB 6E 36 2A 18 E8 D3 BC 70 31 7A 48 B6
: 4E 18 6E DD 1F 22 06 EB 3F EA D4 41 69 D9 9B DE
: 47 95 7A 72 91 D2 09 7F 49 5C 3B 03 33 51 C8 F1
: 39 9A FF 04 D5 6E 7E 94 3D 03 B8 F6 31 15 26 48
: 95 A8 5C DE 47 88 B4 69 3A 00 A7 86 9E DA D1 CD
496 02 33: INTEGER
: 00 E8 72 FA 96 F0 11 40 F5 F2 DC FD 3B 5D 78 94
: B1 85 01 E5 69 37 21 F7 25 B9 BA 71 4A FC 60 30
: FB
531 02 97: INTEGER
: 00 A3 91 01 C0 A8 6E A4 4D A0 56 FC 6C FE 1F A7
: B0 CD 0F 94 87 0C 25 BE 97 76 8D EB E5 A4 09 5D
: AB 83 CD 80 0B 35 67 7F 0C 8E A7 31 98 32 85 39
: 40 9D 11 98 D8 DE B8 7F 86 9B AF 8D 67 3D B6 76
: B4 61 2F 21 E1 4B 0E 68 FF 53 3E 87 DD D8 71 56
: 68 47 DC F7 20 63 4B 3C 5F 78 71 83 E6 70 9E E2
: 92
630 30 26: SEQUENCE {
632 03 21: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 1C D5 3A 0D 17 82 6D 0A 81 75 81 46 10 8E 3E DB
: 09 E4 98 34
655 02 1: INTEGER 55
: }
: }
: }
658 03 132: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 02 81 80 5F CF 39 AD 62 CF 49 8E D1 CE 66 E2 B1
: E6 A7 01 4D 05 C2 77 C8 92 52 42 A9 05 A4 DB E0
: 46 79 50 A3 FC 99 3D 3D A6 9B A9 AD BC 62 1C 69
: B7 11 A1 C0 2A F1 85 28 F7 68 FE D6 8F 31 56 22
: 4D 0A 11 6E 72 3A 02 AF 0E 27 AA F9 ED CE 05 EF
: D8 59 92 C0 18 D7 69 6E BD 70 B6 21 D1 77 39 21
: E1 AF 7A 3A CF 20 0A B4 2C 69 5F CF 79 67 20 31
: 4D F2 C6 ED 23 BF C4 BB 1E D1 71 40 2C 07 D6 F0
: 8F C5 1A
: }
793 A3 85: [3] {
795 30 83: SEQUENCE {
797 30 29: SEQUENCE {
799 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER subjectKeyIdentifier (2 5 29 14)
804 04 22: OCTET STRING
: 04 14 80 DF 59 88 BF EB 17 E1 AD 5E C6 40 A3 42
: E5 AC D3 B4 88 78
: }
828 30 34: SEQUENCE {
830 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER authorityKeyIdentifier (2 5 29
35)
835 01 1: BOOLEAN TRUE
838 04 24: OCTET STRING
: 30 16 80 14 6A 23 37 55 B9 FD 81 EA E8 4E D3 C9
: B7 09 E5 7B 06 E3 68 AA
: }
864 30 14: SEQUENCE {
866 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER keyUsage (2 5 29 15)
871 01 1: BOOLEAN TRUE
874 04 4: OCTET STRING
: 03 02 03 08
: }
: }
: }
: }
880 30 11: SEQUENCE {
882 06 7: OBJECT IDENTIFIER dsaWithSha1 (1 2 840 10040 4 3)
891 05 0: NULL
: }
893 03 48: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 30 2D 02 14 7C 6D D2 CA 1E 32 D1 30 2E 29 66 BC
: 06 8B 60 C7 61 16 3B CA 02 15 00 8A 18 DD C1 83
: 58 29 A2 8A 67 64 03 92 AB 02 CE 00 B5 94 6A
: }
Step 2. End Entity/User generates a Diffie-Hellman key-pair using the parameters from the CA certificate.
EE DH public key: SunJCE Diffie-Hellman Public Key:
Y: 13 63 A1 85 04 8C 46 A8 88 EB F4 5E A8 93 74 AE
FD AE 9E 96 27 12 65 C4 4C 07 06 3E 18 FE 94 B8
A8 79 48 BD 2E 34 B6 47 CA 04 30 A1 EC 33 FD 1A
0B 2D 9E 50 C9 78 0F AE 6A EC B5 6B 6A BE B2 5C
DA B2 9F 78 2C B9 77 E2 79 2B 25 BF 2E 0B 59 4A
93 4B F8 B3 EC 81 34 AE 97 47 52 E0 A8 29 98 EC
D1 B0 CA 2B 6F 7A 8B DB 4E 8D A5 15 7E 7E AF 33
62 09 9E 0F 11 44 8C C1 8D A2 11 9E 53 EF B2 E8
EE DH private key:
X: 32 CC BD B4 B7 7C 44 26 BB 3C 83 42 6E 7D 1B 00
86 35 09 71 07 A0 A4 76 B8 DB 5F EC 00 CE 6F C3
Step 3. Compute K and the signature.
LeadingInfo: DER encoded Subject/Requestor DN (as in the generated Certificate Signing Request)
30 4E 31 0B 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31
11 30 0F 06 03 55 04 0A 13 08 58 45 54 49 20 49
6E 63 31 10 30 0E 06 03 55 04 0B 13 07 54 65 73
74 69 6E 67 31 1A 30 18 06 03 55 04 03 13 11 50
4B 49 58 20 45 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 20 55 73 65 72
TrailingInfo: DER encoded Issuer/Recipient DN (from the certificate described in step 1)
30 46 31 0B 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31
11 30 0F 06 03 55 04 0A 13 08 58 45 54 49 20 49
6E 63 31 10 30 0E 06 03 55 04 0B 13 07 54 65 73
74 69 6E 67 31 12 30 10 06 03 55 04 03 13 09 44
48 20 54 65 73 74 43 41
K:
F4 D7 BB 6C C7 2D 21 7F 1C 38 F7 DA 74 2D 51 AD
14 40 66 75
TBS: the "text" for computing the SHA-1 HMAC.
30 82 02 98 02 01 00 30 4E 31 0B 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02 55 53 31 11 30 0F 06 03 55 04 0A 13 08 58 45 54 49 20 49 6E 63 31 10 30 0E 06 03 55 04 0B 13 07 54 65 73 74 69 6E 67 31 1A 30 18 06 03 55 04 03 13 11 50 4B 49 58 20 45 78 61 6D 70 6C 65 20 55 73 65 72 30 82 02 41 30 82 01 B6 06 07 2A 86 48 CE 3E 02 01 30 82 01 A9 02 81 81 00 94 84 E0 45 6C 7F 69 51 62 3E 56 80 7C 68 E7 C5 A9 9E 9E 74 74 94 ED 90 8C 1D C4 E1 4A 14 82 F5 D2 94 0C 19 E3 B9 10 BB 11 B9 E5 A5 FB 8E 21 51 63 02 86 AA 06 B8 21 36 B6 7F 36 DF D1 D6 68 5B 79 7C 1D 5A 14 75 1F 6A 93 75 93 CE BB 97 72 8A F0 0F 23 9D 47 F6 D4 B3 C7 F0 F4 E6 F6 2B C2 32 E1 89 67 BE 7E 06 AE F8 D0 01 6B 8B 2A F5 02 D7 B6 A8 63 94 83 B0 1B 31 7D 52 1A DE E5 03 85 27 02 81 80 26 A6 32 2C 5A 2B D4 33 2B 5C DC 06 87 53 3F 90 06 61 50 38 3E D2 B9 7D 81 1C 12 10 C5 0C 53 D4 64 D1 8E 30 07 08 8C DD 3F 0A 2F 2C D6 1B 7F 57 86 D0 DA BB 6E 36 2A 18 E8 D3 BC 70 31 7A 48 B6 4E 18 6E DD 1F 22 06 EB 3F EA D4 41 69 D9 9B DE 47 95 7A 72 91 D2 09 7F 49 5C 3B 03 33 51 C8 F1 39 9A FF 04 D5 6E 7E 94 3D 03 B8 F6 31 15 26 48 95 A8 5C DE 47 88 B4 69 3A 00 A7 86 9E DA D1 CD 02 21 00 E8 72 FA 96 F0 11 40 F5 F2 DC FD 3B 5D 78 94 B1 85 01 E5 69 37 21 F7 25 B9 BA 71 4A FC 60 30 FB 02 61 00 A3 91 01 C0 A8 6E A4 4D A0 56 FC 6C FE 1F A7 B0 CD 0F 94 87 0C 25 BE 97 76 8D EB E5 A4 09 5D AB 83 CD 80 0B 35 67 7F 0C 8E A7 31 98 32 85 39 40 9D 11 98 D8 DE B8 7F 86 9B AF 8D 67 3D B6 76 B4 61 2F 21 E1 4B 0E 68 FF 53 3E 87 DD D8 71 56 68 47 DC F7 20 63 4B 3C 5F 78 71 83 E6 70 9E E2 92 30 1A 03 15 00 1C D5 3A 0D 17 82 6D 0A 81 75 81 46 10 8E 3E DB 09 E4 98 34 02 01 37 03 81 84 00 02 81 80 13 63 A1 85 04 8C 46 A8 88 EB F4 5E A8 93 74 AE FD AE 9E 96 27 12 65 C4 4C 07 06 3E 18 FE 94 B8 A8 79 48 BD 2E 34 B6 47 CA 04 30 A1 EC 33 FD 1A 0B 2D 9E 50 C9 78 0F AE 6A EC B5 6B 6A BE B2 5C DA B2 9F 78 2C B9 77 E2 79 2B 25 BF 2E 0B 59 4A 93 4B F8 B3 EC 81 34 AE 97 47 52 E0 A8 29 98 EC D1 B0 CA 2B 6F 7A 8B DB 4E 8D A5 15 7E 7E AF 33 62 09 9E 0F 11 44 8C C1 8D A2 11 9E 53 EF B2 E8
Certification Request:
0 30 793: SEQUENCE {
4 30 664: SEQUENCE {
8 02 1: INTEGER 0
11 30 78: SEQUENCE {
13 31 11: SET {
15 30 9: SEQUENCE {
17 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER countryName (2 5 4 6)
22 13 2: PrintableString 'US'
: }
: }
26 31 17: SET {
28 30 15: SEQUENCE {
30 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationName (2 5 4 10)
35 13 8: PrintableString 'XETI Inc'
: }
: }
45 31 16: SET {
47 30 14: SEQUENCE {
49 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER organizationalUnitName (2 5 4
11)
54 13 7: PrintableString 'Testing'
: }
: }
63 31 26: SET {
65 30 24: SEQUENCE {
67 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER commonName (2 5 4 3)
72 13 17: PrintableString 'PKIX Example User'
: }
: }
: }
91 30 577: SEQUENCE {
95 30 438: SEQUENCE {
99 06 7: OBJECT IDENTIFIER dhPublicKey (1 2 840 10046 2 1)
108 30 425: SEQUENCE {
112 02 129: INTEGER
: 00 94 84 E0 45 6C 7F 69 51 62 3E 56 80 7C 68 E7
: C5 A9 9E 9E 74 74 94 ED 90 8C 1D C4 E1 4A 14 82
: F5 D2 94 0C 19 E3 B9 10 BB 11 B9 E5 A5 FB 8E 21
: 51 63 02 86 AA 06 B8 21 36 B6 7F 36 DF D1 D6 68
: 5B 79 7C 1D 5A 14 75 1F 6A 93 75 93 CE BB 97 72
: 8A F0 0F 23 9D 47 F6 D4 B3 C7 F0 F4 E6 F6 2B C2
: 32 E1 89 67 BE 7E 06 AE F8 D0 01 6B 8B 2A F5 02
: D7 B6 A8 63 94 83 B0 1B 31 7D 52 1A DE E5 03 85
: 27
244 02 128: INTEGER
: 26 A6 32 2C 5A 2B D4 33 2B 5C DC 06 87 53 3F 90
: 06 61 50 38 3E D2 B9 7D 81 1C 12 10 C5 0C 53 D4
: 64 D1 8E 30 07 08 8C DD 3F 0A 2F 2C D6 1B 7F 57
: 86 D0 DA BB 6E 36 2A 18 E8 D3 BC 70 31 7A 48 B6
: 4E 18 6E DD 1F 22 06 EB 3F EA D4 41 69 D9 9B DE
: 47 95 7A 72 91 D2 09 7F 49 5C 3B 03 33 51 C8 F1
: 39 9A FF 04 D5 6E 7E 94 3D 03 B8 F6 31 15 26 48
: 95 A8 5C DE 47 88 B4 69 3A 00 A7 86 9E DA D1 CD
375 02 33: INTEGER
: 00 E8 72 FA 96 F0 11 40 F5 F2 DC FD 3B 5D 78 94
: B1 85 01 E5 69 37 21 F7 25 B9 BA 71 4A FC 60 30
: FB
410 02 97: INTEGER
: 00 A3 91 01 C0 A8 6E A4 4D A0 56 FC 6C FE 1F A7
: B0 CD 0F 94 87 0C 25 BE 97 76 8D EB E5 A4 09 5D
: AB 83 CD 80 0B 35 67 7F 0C 8E A7 31 98 32 85 39
: 40 9D 11 98 D8 DE B8 7F 86 9B AF 8D 67 3D B6 76
: B4 61 2F 21 E1 4B 0E 68 FF 53 3E 87 DD D8 71 56
: 68 47 DC F7 20 63 4B 3C 5F 78 71 83 E6 70 9E E2
: 92
509 30 26: SEQUENCE {
511 03 21: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 1C D5 3A 0D 17 82 6D 0A 81 75 81 46 10 8E 3E
: DB 09 E4 98 34
534 02 1: INTEGER 55
: }
: }
: }
537 03 132: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 02 81 80 13 63 A1 85 04 8C 46 A8 88 EB F4 5E A8
: 93 74 AE FD AE 9E 96 27 12 65 C4 4C 07 06 3E 18
: FE 94 B8 A8 79 48 BD 2E 34 B6 47 CA 04 30 A1 EC
: 33 FD 1A 0B 2D 9E 50 C9 78 0F AE 6A EC B5 6B 6A
: BE B2 5C DA B2 9F 78 2C B9 77 E2 79 2B 25 BF 2E
: 0B 59 4A 93 4B F8 B3 EC 81 34 AE 97 47 52 E0 A8
: 29 98 EC D1 B0 CA 2B 6F 7A 8B DB 4E 8D A5 15 7E
: 7E AF 33 62 09 9E 0F 11 44 8C C1 8D A2 11 9E 53
: EF B2 E8
: }
: }
672 30 12: SEQUENCE {
674 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER dh-sig-hmac-sha1 (1 3 6 1 5 5 7 6 3)
684 05 0: NULL
: }
686 03 109: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 30 6A 30 52 30 48 31 0B 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13
: 02 55 53 31 11 30 0F 06 03 55 04 0A 13 08 58 45
: 54 49 20 49 6E 63 31 10 30 0E 06 03 55 04 0B 13
: 07 54 65 73 74 69 6E 67 31 14 30 12 06 03 55 04
: 03 13 0B 52 6F 6F 74 20 44 53 41 20 43 41 02 06
: 00 DA 39 B6 E2 CB 04 14 1B 17 AD 4E 65 86 1A 6C
: 7C 85 FA F7 95 DE 48 93 C5 9D C5 24
: }
Signature verification requires CAÆs private key, the CA certificate and the generated Certification Request.
CA DH private key:
x: 3E 5D AD FD E5 F4 6B 1B 61 5E 18 F9 0B 84 74 a7
52 1E D6 92 BC 34 94 56 F3 0C BE DA 67 7A DD 7D
Step 1. Generate a Diffie-Hellman Key with length of q being 256- bits.
p:
94 84 E0 45 6C 7F 69 51 62 3E 56 80 7C 68 E7 C5
A9 9E 9E 74 74 94 ED 90 8C 1D C4 E1 4A 14 82 F5
D2 94 0C 19 E3 B9 10 BB 11 B9 E5 A5 FB 8E 21 51
63 02 86 AA 06 B8 21 36 B6 7F 36 DF D1 D6 68 5B
79 7C 1D 5A 14 75 1F 6A 93 75 93 CE BB 97 72 8A
F0 0F 23 9D 47 F6 D4 B3 C7 F0 F4 E6 F6 2B C2 32
E1 89 67 BE 7E 06 AE F8 D0 01 6B 8B 2A F5 02 D7
B6 A8 63 94 83 B0 1B 31 7D 52 1A DE E5 03 85 27
q:
E8 72 FA 96 F0 11 40 F5 F2 DC FD 3B 5D 78 94 B1
85 01 E5 69 37 21 F7 25 B9 BA 71 4A FC 60 30 FB
g:
26 A6 32 2C 5A 2B D4 33 2B 5C DC 06 87 53 3F 90
06 61 50 38 3E D2 B9 7D 81 1C 12 10 C5 0C 53 D4
64 D1 8E 30 07 08 8C DD 3F 0A 2F 2C D6 1B 7F 57
86 D0 DA BB 6E 36 2A 18 E8 D3 BC 70 31 7A 48 B6
4E 18 6E DD 1F 22 06 EB 3F EA D4 41 69 D9 9B DE
47 95 7A 72 91 D2 09 7F 49 5C 3B 03 33 51 C8 F1
39 9A FF 04 D5 6E 7E 94 3D 03 B8 F6 31 15 26 48
95 A8 5C DE 47 88 B4 69 3A 00 A7 86 9E DA D1 CD
j:
A3 91 01 C0 A8 6E A4 4D A0 56 FC 6C FE 1F A7 B0
CD 0F 94 87 0C 25 BE 97 76 8D EB E5 A4 09 5D AB
83 CD 80 0B 35 67 7F 0C 8E A7 31 98 32 85 39 40
9D 11 98 D8 DE B8 7F 86 9B AF 8D 67 3D B6 76 B4
61 2F 21 E1 4B 0E 68 FF 53 3E 87 DD D8 71 56 68
47 DC F7 20 63 4B 3C 5F 78 71 83 E6 70 9E E2 92
y:
5F CF 39 AD 62 CF 49 8E D1 CE 66 E2 B1 E6 A7 01
4D 05 C2 77 C8 92 52 42 A9 05 A4 DB E0 46 79 50
A3 FC 99 3D 3D A6 9B A9 AD BC 62 1C 69 B7 11 A1
C0 2A F1 85 28 F7 68 FE D6 8F 31 56 22 4D 0A 11
6E 72 3A 02 AF 0E 27 AA F9 ED CE 05 EF D8 59 92
C0 18 D7 69 6E BD 70 B6 21 D1 77 39 21 E1 AF 7A
3A CF 20 0A B4 2C 69 5F CF 79 67 20 31 4D F2 C6
ED 23 BF C4 BB 1E D1 71 40 2C 07 D6 F0 8F C5 1A
seed:
1C D5 3A 0D 17 82 6D 0A 81 75 81 46 10 8E 3E DB
09 E4 98 34
C:
00000037
x:
3E 5D AD FD E5 F4 6B 1B 61 5E 18 F9 0B 84 74 a7
52 1E D6 92 BC 34 94 56 F3 0C BE DA 67 7A DD 7D
Step 2. Form the value to be signed and hash with SHA1. The result of the hash for this example is:
5f a2 69 b6 4b 22 91 22 6f 4c fe 68 ec 2b d1 c6
d4 21 e5 2c
Step 3. The hash value needs to be expanded since |q| = 256. This is done by hashing the hash with SHA1 and appending it to the original hash. The value after this step is:
5f a2 69 b6 4b 22 91 22 6f 4c fe 68 ec 2b d1 c6
d4 21 e5 2c 64 92 8b c9 5e 34 59 70 bd 62 40 ad
6f 26 3b f7 1c a3 b2 cb
Next the first 255 bits of this value are taken to be the resulting "hash" value. Note in this case a shift of one bit right is done since the result is to be treated as an integer:
2f d1 34 db 25 91 48 91 37 a6 7f 34 76 15 e8 e3
6a 10 f2 96 32 49 45 e4 af 1a 2c b8 5e b1 20 56
Step 4. The signature value is computed. In this case you get the values
R:
A1 B5 B4 90 01 34 6B A0 31 6A 73 F5 7D F6 5C 14
43 52 D2 10 BF 86 58 87 F7 BC 6E 5A 77 FF C3 4B
S:
59 40 45 BC 6F 0D DC FF 9D 55 40 1E C4 9E 51 3D
66 EF B2 FF 06 40 9A 39 68 75 81 F7 EC 9E BE A1
The encoded signature values is then:
30 45 02 21 00 A1 B5 B4 90 01 34 6B A0 31 6A 73
F5 7D F6 5C 14 43 52 D2 10 BF 86 58 87 F7 BC 6E
5A 77 FF C3 4B 02 20 59 40 45 BC 6F 0D DC FF 9D
55 40 1E C4 9E 51 3D 66 EF B2 FF 06 40 9A 39 68
75 81 F7 EC 9E BE A1
Result:
30 82 02 c2 30 82 02 67 02 01 00 30 1b 31 19 30
17 06 03 55 04 03 13 10 49 45 54 46 20 50 4b 49
58 20 53 41 4d 50 4c 45 30 82 02 41 30 82 01 b6
06 07 2a 86 48 ce 3e 02 01 30 82 01 a9 02 81 81
00 94 84 e0 45 6c 7f 69 51 62 3e 56 80 7c 68 e7
c5 a9 9e 9e 74 74 94 ed 90 8c 1d c4 e1 4a 14 82
f5 d2 94 0c 19 e3 b9 10 bb 11 b9 e5 a5 fb 8e 21
51 63 02 86 aa 06 b8 21 36 b6 7f 36 df d1 d6 68
5b 79 7c 1d 5a 14 75 1f 6a 93 75 93 ce bb 97 72
8a f0 0f 23 9d 47 f6 d4 b3 c7 f0 f4 e6 f6 2b c2
32 e1 89 67 be 7e 06 ae f8 d0 01 6b 8b 2a f5 02
d7 b6 a8 63 94 83 b0 1b 31 7d 52 1a de e5 03 85
27 02 81 80 26 a6 32 2c 5a 2b d4 33 2b 5c dc 06
87 53 3f 90 06 61 50 38 3e d2 b9 7d 81 1c 12 10
c5 0c 53 d4 64 d1 8e 30 07 08 8c dd 3f 0a 2f 2c
d6 1b 7f 57 86 d0 da bb 6e 36 2a 18 e8 d3 bc 70
31 7a 48 b6 4e 18 6e dd 1f 22 06 eb 3f ea d4 41
69 d9 9b de 47 95 7a 72 91 d2 09 7f 49 5c 3b 03
33 51 c8 f1 39 9a ff 04 d5 6e 7e 94 3d 03 b8 f6
31 15 26 48 95 a8 5c de 47 88 b4 69 3a 00 a7 86
9e da d1 cd 02 21 00 e8 72 fa 96 f0 11 40 f5 f2
dc fd 3b 5d 78 94 b1 85 01 e5 69 37 21 f7 25 b9
ba 71 4a fc 60 30 fb 02 61 00 a3 91 01 c0 a8 6e
a4 4d a0 56 fc 6c fe 1f a7 b0 cd 0f 94 87 0c 25
be 97 76 8d eb e5 a4 09 5d ab 83 cd 80 0b 35 67
7f 0c 8e a7 31 98 32 85 39 40 9d 11 98 d8 de b8
7f 86 9b af 8d 67 3d b6 76 b4 61 2f 21 e1 4b 0e
68 ff 53 3e 87 dd d8 71 56 68 47 dc f7 20 63 4b
3c 5f 78 71 83 e6 70 9e e2 92 30 1a 03 15 00 1c
d5 3a 0d 17 82 6d 0a 81 75 81 46 10 8e 3e db 09
e4 98 34 02 01 37 03 81 84 00 02 81 80 5f cf 39
ad 62 cf 49 8e d1 ce 66 e2 b1 e6 a7 01 4d 05 c2
77 c8 92 52 42 a9 05 a4 db e0 46 79 50 a3 fc 99
3d 3d a6 9b a9 ad bc 62 1c 69 b7 11 a1 c0 2a f1
85 28 f7 68 fe d6 8f 31 56 22 4d 0a 11 6e 72 3a
02 af 0e 27 aa f9 ed ce 05 ef d8 59 92 c0 18 d7
69 6e bd 70 b6 21 d1 77 39 21 e1 af 7a 3a cf 20
0a b4 2c 69 5f cf 79 67 20 31 4d f2 c6 ed 23 bf
c4 bb 1e d1 71 40 2c 07 d6 f0 8f c5 1a a0 00 30
0c 06 08 2b 06 01 05 05 07 06 04 05 00 03 47 00
30 44 02 20 54 d9 43 8d 0f 9d 42 03 d6 09 aa a1
9a 3c 17 09 ae bd ee b3 d1 a0 00 db 7d 8c b8 e4
56 e6 57 7b 02 20 44 89 b1 04 f5 40 2b 5f e7 9c
f9 a4 97 50 0d ad c3 7a a4 2b b2 2d 5d 79 fb 38
8a b4 df bb 88 bc
Decoded Version of result:
0 30 707: SEQUENCE {
4 30 615: SEQUENCE {
8 02 1: INTEGER 0
11 30 27: SEQUENCE {
13 31 25: SET {
15 30 23: SEQUENCE {
17 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER commonName (2 5 4 3)
22 13 16: PrintableString 'IETF PKIX SAMPLE'
: }
: }
: }
40 30 577: SEQUENCE {
44 30 438: SEQUENCE {
48 06 7: OBJECT IDENTIFIER dhPublicNumber (1 2 840 10046 2
1)
57 30 425: SEQUENCE {
61 02 129: INTEGER
: 00 94 84 E0 45 6C 7F 69 51 62 3E 56 80 7C 68 E7
: C5 A9 9E 9E 74 74 94 ED 90 8C 1D C4 E1 4A 14 82
: F5 D2 94 0C 19 E3 B9 10 BB 11 B9 E5 A5 FB 8E 21
: 51 63 02 86 AA 06 B8 21 36 B6 7F 36 DF D1 D6 68
: 5B 79 7C 1D 5A 14 75 1F 6A 93 75 93 CE BB 97 72
: 8A F0 0F 23 9D 47 F6 D4 B3 C7 F0 F4 E6 F6 2B C2
: 32 E1 89 67 BE 7E 06 AE F8 D0 01 6B 8B 2A F5 02
: D7 B6 A8 63 94 83 B0 1B 31 7D 52 1A DE E5 03 85
: 27
193 02 128: INTEGER
: 26 A6 32 2C 5A 2B D4 33 2B 5C DC 06 87 53 3F 90
: 06 61 50 38 3E D2 B9 7D 81 1C 12 10 C5 0C 53 D4
: 64 D1 8E 30 07 08 8C DD 3F 0A 2F 2C D6 1B 7F 57
: 86 D0 DA BB 6E 36 2A 18 E8 D3 BC 70 31 7A 48 B6
: 4E 18 6E DD 1F 22 06 EB 3F EA D4 41 69 D9 9B DE
: 47 95 7A 72 91 D2 09 7F 49 5C 3B 03 33 51 C8 F1
: 39 9A FF 04 D5 6E 7E 94 3D 03 B8 F6 31 15 26 48
: 95 A8 5C DE 47 88 B4 69 3A 00 A7 86 9E DA D1 CD
324 02 33: INTEGER
: 00 E8 72 FA 96 F0 11 40 F5 F2 DC FD 3B 5D 78 94
: B1 85 01 E5 69 37 21 F7 25 B9 BA 71 4A FC 60 30
: FB
359 02 97: INTEGER
: 00 A3 91 01 C0 A8 6E A4 4D A0 56 FC 6C FE 1F A7
: B0 CD 0F 94 87 0C 25 BE 97 76 8D EB E5 A4 09 5D
: AB 83 CD 80 0B 35 67 7F 0C 8E A7 31 98 32 85 39
: 40 9D 11 98 D8 DE B8 7F 86 9B AF 8D 67 3D B6 76
: B4 61 2F 21 E1 4B 0E 68 FF 53 3E 87 DD D8 71 56
: 68 47 DC F7 20 63 4B 3C 5F 78 71 83 E6 70 9E E2
: 92
458 30 26: SEQUENCE {
460 03 21: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 1C D5 3A 0D 17 82 6D 0A 81 75 81 46 10 8E 3E DB
: 09 E4 98 34
483 02 1: INTEGER 55
: }
: }
: }
486 03 132: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 02 81 80 5F CF 39 AD 62 CF 49 8E D1 CE 66 E2 B1
: E6 A7 01 4D 05 C2 77 C8 92 52 42 A9 05 A4 DB E0
: 46 79 50 A3 FC 99 3D 3D A6 9B A9 AD BC 62 1C 69
: B7 11 A1 C0 2A F1 85 28 F7 68 FE D6 8F 31 56 22
: 4D 0A 11 6E 72 3A 02 AF 0E 27 AA F9 ED CE 05 EF
: D8 59 92 C0 18 D7 69 6E BD 70 B6 21 D1 77 39 21
: E1 AF 7A 3A CF 20 0A B4 2C 69 5F CF 79 67 20 31
: 4D F2 C6 ED 23 BF C4 BB 1E D1 71 40 2C 07 D6 F0
: 8F C5 1A
: }
621 A0 0: [0]
: }
623 30 12: SEQUENCE {
625 06 8: OBJECT IDENTIFIER '1 3 6 1 5 5 7 6 4'
635 05 0: NULL
: }
637 03 72: BIT STRING 0 unused bits
: 30 45 02 21 00 A1 B5 B4 90 01 34 6B A0 31 6A 73
: F5 7D F6 5C 14 43 52 D2 10 BF 86 58 87 F7 BC 6E
: 5A 77 FF C3 4B 02 20 59 40 45 BC 6F 0D DC FF 9D
: 55 40 1E C4 9E 51 3D 66 EF B2 FF 06 40 9A 39 68
: 75 81 F7 EC 9E BE A1
: }