Network Working Group Q. Sun Internet-Draft C. Xie Intended status: Standards Track China Telecom Expires: July 15, 2013 Y. Lee Comcast M. Chen FreeBit January 11, 2013 Deployment Considerations for Lightweight 4over6 draft-sun-softwire-lightweigh-4over6-deployment-03 Abstract Lightweight 4over6 is a mechanism which moves the translation function from tunnel Concentrator (AFTR) to Initiators (B4s), and hence reduces the mapping scale on the Concentrator to per-customer level. This document discusses various deployment models of Lightweight 4over6. It also describes the deployment considerations and applicability of the Lightweight 4over6 architecture. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on July 15, 2013. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 1] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Deployment Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Overall Deployment Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.1. Addressing and Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2. Port-set Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.3. Concentrator Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Concentrator Deployment Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.1. Logging at the Concentrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.2. Reliability Considerations of Concentrator . . . . . . . . 9 5.3. Placement of AFTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5.4. Port set algorithm consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. DS-Lite Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.1. Case 1: Integrated Network Element with Lightweight 4over6 and DS-Lite AFTR Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.2. Case 2: DS-Lite Coexistent scenario with Separated AFTR . 12 7. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Appendix 1. Appendix:Experimental Result . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.1. Experimental environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.2. Experimental results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1.3. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 2] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 1. Introduction Lightweight 4over6 [I-D.cui-softwire-b4-translated-ds-lite] is an extension to DS-Lite which simplifies the AFTR module [RFC6333] with distributed NAT function among B4 elements. The Initiator in Lightweight 4over6 is provisioned with an IPv6 address, an IPv4 address and a port-set. It performs NAPT on end user's packets with the provisioned IPv4 address and port-set. IPv4 packets are forwarded between the Initiator and the Concentrator over a Softwire using IPv4-in-IPv6 encapsulation. The Concentrator maintains one mapping entry per subscriber with the IPv6 address, IPv4 address and port-set. Therefore, this extension removes the NAT44 module from the AFTR and replaces the session-based NAT table to a per-subscriber based mapping table. This should relax the requirement to create dynamic session-based log entries. This mechanism preserves the dynamic feature of IPv4/IPv6 address binding as in DS-Lite, so it has no coupling between IPv6 address and IPv4 address/port-set as any full stateless solution ([RFC6052] or [I-D.ietf-softwire-map]) requires. This document discusses deployment models of Lightweight 4over6. It also describes the deployment considerations and applicability of the Lightweight 4over6 architecture. Terminology of this document follows the definitions and abbreviations of [I-D.cui-softwire-b4-translated-ds-lite]. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 3] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 4] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 3. Deployment Model Lightweight 4over6 is suitable for operators who would like to free any correlation of the IPv6 address with IPv4 address and port-set (or port-range). In comparison to full stateless solutions like MAP [I-D.ietf-softwire-map] and 4rd [I-D.ietf-softwire-4rd], Lightweight 4over6 frees address planning of IPv6 delegation for CPE from mapping rule administration and management in the network. Thus, IPv6 addressing is completely flexible to fit other deployment requirements, e.g., auto-configuration, service classification, user management, QoS support, etc. The philosophy here is that bits of IPv6 address should be left for IPv6 usage first. Lightweight 4over6 can be deployed in a residential network (depicted in Figure1). In this scenario, an Initiator would acquire an IPv4 address and a port-set after a successful user authentication process and IPv6 provisioning process. Then, it establishes an IPv4-in-IPv6 softwire using the IPv6 address to deliver IPv4 services to its connected host via the Concentrator in the network. The Initiator can act as a CPE, or software located in the host. The Concentrator supports Lightweight 4over6 which keeps the mapping between Initiator's IPv6 address and its allocated IPv4 address + port set. The supporting system may keep the binding information as well for logging and user management. +---------------+ | Supporting | | System | +-------+-------+ | +---------------+--------------| | | | +---------+ +------+---+ +--+--+ | | Host | | LW 4over6| | | | | |--| Initiator| ======-| BNG | === +---------+ +-----------+ +---------+ +----------+ +--|--+ |LW 4over6| | IPv4 | |Concen- |---| Internet | +---------+ +------+---+ +--+--+ |trator | | | | Host |--| LW 4over6| =======| | ====+---------+ +-----------+ | | | Initiator| | BNG | | +---------+ +----------+ +--|--+ | + | | +---------------+--------------+ Figure 1 Deployment Model There are two deployment models in practice: one is called bottom-up and the other is top-down. In bottom-up model, after port-restricted Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 5] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 IPv4 address is allocated to a given subscriber, the Concentrator will report mapping records to the supporting system on creating a binding for traffic logging if necessary. In this way, the Concentrator can determine the binding by its own and there is little impact on existing network architecture. In top-down model, the Supporting system should firstly determine the binding information for each subscriber and then synchronize it with the Concentrator. With this method, one binding record can be easily synchronized with multiple Concentrators and stateless failover can be achieved. However, new mechanism (e.g. Netconf) needs to be introduced to notify each individual binding record between the Supporting system and the Concentrator. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 6] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 4. Overall Deployment Considerations 4.1. Addressing and Routing In Lightweight 4over6, there is no inter-dependency between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes. IPv4 address pools are configured centralized in Concentrator for IPv6 subscribers. These IPv4 prefix must advertise to IPv4 Internet accordingly. For IPv6 addressing and routing, there are no additional addressing and routing requirements. The existing IPv6 address assignment and routing announcement should not be affected. For example, in PPPoE scenario, a CPE could obtain a prefix via prefix delegation procedure, and the hosts behind CPE would get its own IPv6 addresses within the prefix through SLAAC or DHCPv6 statefully. This IPv6 address assignment procedure has nothing to do with restricted IPv4 address allocation. 4.2. Port-set Management In Lightweight 4over6, each Initiator will get its restricted IPv4 address and a valid port-set after successful user authentication process and IPv6 provisioning process. This port-set assignment should be synchronized between port management server and the Concentrator. The port management server is responsible for allocating port restricted IPv4 address to the Initiator. It can be new option to the DHCPv4 server [I-D.bajko-pripaddrassign]. The DHCPv4 server can either be collocated in the Concentrator or a dedicated server. Different mechanisms including PCP- extended protocol [I-D.tsou-pcp-natcoord], DHCP-extended protocol or IPCP-extended protocol, etc., can also be used. Compared with DHCP-based mechanism, PCP-based mechanism is more flexible. An Initiator can send multiple PCP requests simultaneously to acquire a number of ports or use [I-D.tsou-pcp-natcoord] for one- time port-set allocation. 4.3. Concentrator Discovery A Lightweight 4over6 Initiator must discover the Concentrator's IPv6 address before offering any IPv4 services. This IPv6 address can be learned through an out-of-band channel, static configuration, or dynamic configuration. In practice, Lightweight 4over6 Initiator can use the same DHCPv6 option [RFC6334]to discover the FQDN of the Concentrator. When Lightweight 4over6 is deployment in the same place with DS-Lite, different FQDNs can be configured for Lightweight Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 7] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 4over6 and DS-Lite separately ( More detailed consideration on DS- Lite compatibility will be discussed in Section...). Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 8] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 5. Concentrator Deployment Consideration As Lightweight 4over6 is an extension to DS-Lite, both technologies share similar deployment considerations. For example: Interface consideration, MTU, Fragment, Lawful Intercept Considerations, Blacklisting a shared IPv4 Address, AFTR's Policies, AFTR Impacts on Accounting Process, etc., in [I-D.ietf-softwire-dslite-deployment] can also be applied here. This document only discusses new considerations specific to Lightweight 4over6. 5.1. Logging at the Concentrator In Lightweight 4over6, operators only log one entry per subscriber. The log should include subscriber's IPv6 address used for the softwire, the public IPv4 address and the port-set. The port set algorithm implemented in Lightweight 4over6 Concentrator should be synchronized with the one implemented in logging system. For example, if contiguous port set algorithm is adopted in the Concentrator, the same algorithm should also been applied to the logging system. 5.2. Reliability Considerations of Concentrator In Lightweight 4over6, subscriber to IPv4 and port-set mapping must be pre-provisioned in the Concentrator before providing IPv4 serives. For redundancy, the backup Concentrator must either have the subscriber mapping already provisioned or notify the Initiator to create a new mapping in the backup Concentrator. The first option can be consider as hot standby mode. The second option may require a new notification mechanism which is outside the scope of this document. 5.3. Placement of AFTR The Concentrator can be deployed in a "centralized model" or a "distributed model". In the "centralized model", the Concentrator could be located at the higher place, e.g. at the exit of MAN, etc. Since the Concentrator has good scalability and can handle numerous concurrent sessions, we recommend to adopt the "centralized model" for Lightweight 4over6 as it is cost-effective and easy to manage. In the "distributed model", Concentrator is usually integrated with the BRAS/SR. Since newly emerging customers might be distributed in the whole Metro area, we have to deploy Concentrator on all BRAS/SRs. This will cost a lot in the initial phase of the IPv6 transition period. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 9] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 5.4. Port set algorithm consideration If each Initiator is given a set of ports, port randomization algorithm can only select port in the given port-set. This may introduce security risk because hackers can make a more predictable guess of what port a subscriber may use. Therefore, non-continuous port set algorithms (e.g. as defined in [I-D.ietf-softwire-map]) can be used to improve security. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 10] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 6. DS-Lite Compatibility Lightweight 4over6 can be either deployed all alone, or combined with DS-Lite [RFC6333]. Since Lightweight 4over6 does not any have extra requirement on IPv6 addressing, it can use use the same addressing scheme with DS-Lite, together with routing policy, user management policy, etc. Besides, the bottom-up model has quite similar requirement and workflow on the supporting system with DS-Lite. Therefore, it is suitable for operators to deploy incrementally in existing DS-Lite network 6.1. Case 1: Integrated Network Element with Lightweight 4over6 and DS- Lite AFTR Scenario In this case, DS-Lite has been deployed in the network. Later in the deployment schedule, the operator decided to implement Lightweight 4over6 Concentrator function in the same network element(depicted in Figure2). Therefore, the same network element needs to support both transition mechanisms. There are two options to distinguish the traffic from two transition mechanisms. The first one is to distinguish using the client's source IPv4 address. The IPv4 address from Lightweight 4over6 is public address as NAT has been done in the Initiator, and IPv4 address for DS-lite is private address as NAT will be done on AFTR. When the network element receives an encapsulated packet, it would de-capsulate packet and apply the transition mechanism based on the IPv4 source address in the packet. This requires the network element to examine every packet and may introduce significant extra load to the network element. However, both the B4 element and Lightweight 4over6 Initiator can use the same DHCPv6 option [RFC6334] with the same FQDN of the AFTR and Concentrator. The second one is to distinguish using the destination's tunnel IPv6 address. One network element can run separated instances for Lightweight 4over6 and DS-Lite with different tunnel addresses. Then B4 element and Lightweight 4over6 Initiator can use the same DHCPv6 option [RFC6334] with different FQDNs pointing to corresponding tunnel addresses. This requires the supporting system should distinguish different types of users when assigning the FQDNs in DHCPv6 process. +---------------+--------------| + | | +---------+ +------+---+ +--+--+ | | Host | | LW 4over6| | | | Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 11] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 | |--| Initiator| ======-| BNG | === +-------------+ +-----------+ +---------+ +----------+ +--|--+ |LW 4over6 | | IPv4 | |Concentrator/|---| Internet | +---------+ +------+---+ +--+--+ |DS-Lite AFTR | | | | Host |--| DS-Lite | =======| | ====+-------------+ +-----------+ | | | B4 | | BNG | | +---------+ +----------+ +--|--+ | + | | +---------------+--------------+ Figure 2 DS-Lite Coexistence scenario with Integrated AFTR 6.2. Case 2: DS-Lite Coexistent scenario with Separated AFTR This is similar to Case 1. The difference is the Concentrator and AFTR functions won't be co-located in the same network element (depicted in Figure3). This use case decouples the functions to allow more flexible deployment. For example, an operator may deploy AFTR closer to the edge and Concentrator closer to the core. Moreover, it does not require the network element to pre-configure with the CPE's IPv6 addresses. An operator can deploy more AFTR and Concentrator at needed. However, this requires the B4 and Initiator to discover the corresponding network element. In this case, B4 element and Lightweight 4over6 Initiator can still use [RFC6334] with different FQDNs pointing to corresponding tunnel end-point addresses, and the supporting system should distinguish different types of users. +---+---------------+-----------------| + | | +---------+ +------+---+ +------+-----+ | | Host | | LW 4over6| | BNG | | | |--| Initiator| ======-|DS-Lite AFTR| === +------------+ +-----------+ +---------+ +----------+ +------+-----+ |LW 4over6 | | IPv4 | |Concentrator|---| Internet | +---------+ +------+---+ +------+-----+ | | | | | Host |--| DS-Lite | =======| BNG | ====+------------+ +-----------+ | | | B4 | |DS-Lite AFTR| | +---------+ +----------+ +------+-----+ | + | | +-------------------+-----------------+ Figure 3 DS-Lite Coexistence scenario with Seperated AFTR Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 12] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 7. Acknowledgement TBD Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 13] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 8. References [I-D.bajko-pripaddrassign] Bajko, G., Savolainen, T., Boucadair, M., and P. Levis, "Port Restricted IP Address Assignment", draft-bajko-pripaddrassign-04 (work in progress), April 2012. [I-D.bsd-softwire-stateless-port-index-analysis] Skoberne, N. and W. Dec, "Analysis of Port Indexing Algorithms", draft-bsd-softwire-stateless-port-index-analysis-00 (work in progress), September 2011. [I-D.cui-dhc-dhcpv4-over-ipv6] Cui, Y., Wu, P., Wu, J., and T. Lemon, "DHCPv4 over IPv6 transport", draft-cui-dhc-dhcpv4-over-ipv6-00 (work in progress), October 2011. [I-D.cui-softwire-b4-translated-ds-lite] Cui, Y., Sun, Q., Boucadair, M., Tsou, T., Lee, Y., and I. Farrer, "Lightweight 4over6: An Extension to the DS-Lite Architecture", draft-cui-softwire-b4-translated-ds-lite-09 (work in progress), October 2012. [I-D.cui-softwire-host-4over6] Cui, Y., Wu, J., Wu, P., Metz, C., Vautrin, O., and Y. Lee, "Public IPv4 over Access IPv6 Network", draft-cui-softwire-host-4over6-06 (work in progress), July 2011. [I-D.ietf-dhc-dhcpv4-over-ipv6] Cui, Y., Wu, P., Wu, J., and T. Lemon, "DHCPv4 over IPv6 Transport", draft-ietf-dhc-dhcpv4-over-ipv6-05 (work in progress), September 2012. [I-D.ietf-pcp-base] Wing, D., Cheshire, S., Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and P. Selkirk, "Port Control Protocol (PCP)", draft-ietf-pcp-base-29 (work in progress), November 2012. [I-D.ietf-softwire-4rd] Jiang, S., Despres, R., Penno, R., Lee, Y., Chen, G., and M. Chen, "IPv4 Residual Deployment via IPv6 - a Stateless Solution (4rd)", draft-ietf-softwire-4rd-04 (work in progress), October 2012. [I-D.ietf-softwire-dslite-deployment] Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 14] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 Lee, Y., Maglione, R., Williams, C., Jacquenet, C., and M. Boucadair, "Deployment Considerations for Dual-Stack Lite", draft-ietf-softwire-dslite-deployment-07 (work in progress), November 2012. [I-D.ietf-softwire-map] Troan, O., Dec, W., Li, X., Bao, C., Matsushima, S., and T. Murakami, "Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP)", draft-ietf-softwire-map-02 (work in progress), September 2012. [I-D.murakami-softwire-4rd] Murakami, T., Troan, O., and S. Matsushima, "IPv4 Residual Deployment on IPv6 infrastructure - protocol specification", draft-murakami-softwire-4rd-01 (work in progress), September 2011. [I-D.sun-v6ops-laft6] Sun, Q. and C. Xie, "LAFT6: Lightweight address family transition for IPv6", draft-sun-v6ops-laft6-01 (work in progress), March 2011. [I-D.tsou-pcp-natcoord] Sun, Q., Boucadair, M., Deng, X., Zhou, C., Tsou, T., and S. Perreault, "Using PCP To Coordinate Between the CGN and Home Gateway", draft-tsou-pcp-natcoord-09 (work in progress), November 2012. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC6052] Bao, C., Huitema, C., Bagnulo, M., Boucadair, M., and X. Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052, October 2010. [RFC6333] Durand, A., Droms, R., Woodyatt, J., and Y. Lee, "Dual- Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion", RFC 6333, August 2011. [RFC6334] Hankins, D. and T. Mrugalski, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Option for Dual-Stack Lite", RFC 6334, August 2011. [RFC6431] Boucadair, M., Levis, P., Bajko, G., Savolainen, T., and T. Tsou, "Huawei Port Range Configuration Options for PPP IP Control Protocol (IPCP)", RFC 6431, November 2011. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 15] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 1. Appendix:Experimental Result We have deployed Lightweight 4over6 in our operational network of HuNan province, China. It is designed for broadband access network, and different versions of Initiator have been implemented including a linksys box, a software client for windows XP, vista and Windows 7. It can be integrated with existing dial-up mechanisms such as PPPoE, etc. The major objectives listed below aimed to verify the functionality and performance of Lightweight 4over6: o Verify how to deploy Lightweight 4over6 in a practical network. o Verify the impact of applications with Lightweight 4over6. o Verify the performance of Lightweight 4over6. 1.1. Experimental environment The network topology for this experiment is depicted in Figure 2. +--------+ +-----+ +---------+ | Syslog | |Host1+--+Initiator|--+ | Server | -------- +-----+ +---------+ | +---+----+ /// \\\ | /------\ | // \\ | // \\ +---+----+ | | +-----+ +---------+ +-+--+ | IPv6 | | | | IPv4 Internet | |Host2+--|Initiator|--+BRAS+--| Network |---| Concen-+-+ | +-----+ +---------+ +-+--+ \\ // | trator | \\ // | \---+--/ +--------+ \\\ /// | | --------- +-----+ +---------+ | | |Host3+--+Initiator+---+ | +-----+ +---------+ | -------- | // \\ | / \ +---------------------+IPv6 Internet + | | \ / \\ // ------- Figure 2 Lightweight 4over6 experiment topology In this deployment model, Concentrator is co-located with a extended PCP server to assign restricted IPv4 address and port set for Initiator. It also triggers subscriber-based logging event to a centrilized syslog server. IPv6 address pools for subscribers have Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 16] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 been distributed to BRASs for configuration, while the public available IPv4 address pools are configured by the centralized Concentrator with a default address sharing ratio. It is rather flexible for IPv6 addressing and routing, and there is little impact on existing IPv6 architecture. In our experiment, Initiator will firstly get its IPv6 address and delegated prefix through PPPoE, and then initiate a PCP-extended request to get public IPv4 address and its valid port set. The Concentrator will thus create a subscriber-based state accordingly, and notify syslog server with {IPv6 address, IPv4 address, port set, timestamp}. 1.2. Experimental results In our trial, we mainly focused on application test and performance test. The applications have widely include web, email, Instant Message, ftp, telnet, SSH, video, Video Camera, P2P, online game, voip and so on. For performance test, we have measured the parameters of concurrent session numbers and throughput performance. The experimental results are listed as follows: +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | Application Type | Test Result |Port Number Occupation | +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | Web | ok | normal websites: 10~20| | | IE, Firefox, Chrome | Ajex Flash webs: 30~40| +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | Video | ok, web based or | 30~40 | | | client based | | +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | Instant Message | ok | | | | QQ, MSN, gtalk, skype| 8~20 | +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | P2P | ok | lower speed: 20~600 | | |utorrent,emule,xunlei | (per seed) | | | | higher speed: 150~300 | +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | FTP | need ALG for active | 2 | | | mode, flashxp | | +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | SSH, TELNET | ok |1 for SSH, 3 for telnet| +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ | online game | ok for QQ, flash game| 20~40 | +--------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+ Figure 3 Lightweight 4over6 experimental result Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 17] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 The performance test for Concentrator is taken on a normal PC. Due to limitations of the PC hardware, the overall throughput is limited to around 800 Mbps. However, it can still support more than one hundred million concurrent sessions. 1.3. Conclusions From the experiment, we can have the following conclusions: o Lightweight 4over6 has good scalability. As it is a lightweight solution which only maintains per-subscription state information, it can easily support a large amount of concurrent subscribers. o Lightweight 4over6 can be deployed rapidly. There is no modification to existing addressing and routing system in our operational network. And it is simple to achieve traffic logging. o Lightweight 4over6 can support a majority of current IPv4 applications. Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 18] Internet-Draft lightweigh-4over6-deployment January 2013 Authors' Addresses Qiong Sun China Telecom Room 708, No.118, Xizhimennei Street Beijing 100035 P.R.China Phone: +86-10-58552936> Email: sunqiong@ctbri.com.cn Chongfeng Xie China Telecom Room 708, No.118, Xizhimennei Street Beijing 100035 P.R.China Phone: +86-10-58552116> Email: xiechf@ctbri.com.cn Yiu L. Lee Comcast One Comcast Center Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA Email: yiu_lee@cable.comcast.com Maoke Chen FreeBit Co., Ltd. 13F E-space Tower, Maruyama-cho 3-6 Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0044 Japan Email: fibrib@gmail.com Sun, et al. Expires July 15, 2013 [Page 19]