JSON binding of IODEF
draft-takahashi-mile-jsoniodef-01

Abstract

RFC 7970 provides XML-based data representation on incident information, but the use of the IODEF data model is not limited to XML. JSON representation is sometimes preferred since it is easy to handle from certain programming environments. This draft represents the IODEF data model in JSON. Note that this 00 version draft is prepared for the purpose of encouraging discussion on the need for JSON representation.

Status of This Memo

This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

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This Internet-Draft will expire on March 31, 2018.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved.

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Table of Contents

• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Requirements Language
• 2. The IODEF Information Model in JSON
• 2.1. IODEF-Document Class
• 2.2. Incident Class
• 2.3. Common Attributes
• 2.3.1. restriction Attribute
• 2.3.2. observable-id Attribute
• 2.4. IncidentID Class
• 2.5. AlternativeID Class
• 2.6. RelatedActivity Class
• 2.7. ThreatActor Class
• 2.8. Campaign Class
• 2.9. Contact Class
• 2.9.1. RegistryHandle Class
• 2.9.2. PostalAddress Class
• 2.9.3. Email Class
• 2.9.4. Telephone Class
• 2.10. Discovery Class
• 2.10.1. DetectionPattern Class
• 2.11. Method Class
• 2.11.1. Reference Class
• 2.12. Assessment Class
• 2.12.1. SystemImpact Class
• 2.12.2. BusinessImpact Class
• 2.12.3. TimeImpact Class
• 2.12.4. MonetaryImpact Class
• 2.12.5. Confidence Class
• 2.13. History Class
• 2.13.1. HistoryItem Class
• 2.14. EventData Class
• 2.15. Expectation Class
• 2.16. System Class
• 2.17. Node Class
• 2.17.1. Address Class
• 2.17.2. NodeRole Class
• 2.17.3. Counter Class
• 2.18. DomainData Class
• 2.18.1. Nameserver Class
• 2.18.2. DomainContacts Class
• 2.19. Service Class
• 2.19.1. ServiceName Class
• 2.19.2. ApplicationHeader Class
• 2.20. EmailData Class
• 2.21. Record Class
• 2.21.1. RecordPattern Class
• 2.22. WindowsRegistryKeysModified Class
• 2.22.1. Key Class
• 2.23. CertificateData Class
• 2.23.1. Certificate Class
• 2.24. FileData Class
• 2.24.1. File Class
• 2.25. HashData Class
• 2.25.1. Hash Class
• 2.25.2. FuzzyHash Class
• 2.26. SignatureData Class
• 2.27. Indicator Class
• 2.27.1. IndicatorID Class
• 2.27.2. AlternativeIndicatorID Class
• 2.27.3. Observable Class
• 2.27.4. IndicatorExpression Class
• 2.27.5. ObservableReference Class
• 2.27.6. IndicatorReference Class
• 2.27.7. AttackPhase Class
• 3. Notable differences from RFC 7970 (to be deleted)
• 4. Examples
• 4.1. Minimal Example
• 4.2. Indicators from a Campaign
• 5. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema)
• 6. Acknowledgements
• 7. IANA Considerations
• 8. Security Considerations
• 9. References
• 9.1. Normative References
• 9.2. Informative References
• Authors' Addresses

1. Introduction

RFC 7970 defines an data model for sharing incident information. It facilitates automated exchange of information among parties over networks. The data model can be implemented in a form of XML, but it is not always suitable for implementation. JSON-based representation is often useful.

Therefore, in this document, we provide a means to represent IODEF data model in JSON.

1.1. Requirements Language

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.

2. The IODEF Information Model in JSON

The data model of IODEF is defined in RFC 7970, and this section illustrates their representations in JSON. Note that the complete JSON schema is defined in Section 5.

2.1. IODEF-Document Class

The IODEF-Document class is the top level class in the IODEF data model. This class is defined in Section 3.1 of RFC 7970 and has the following fields: "version", "lang", "format-id", "private-enum-name", "private-enum-id", "Incident", and "AdditionalData". An example of this class in JSON is as follows. Note that JSON representation in this draft treats attributes and elements of each class defined in RFC 7970 equally and is agnostic on the order of their appearances.

"IODEF-Document": {
  "version": "2.0",                                       //STRING
  "lang": "en",                                             //ENUM
  "format-id": "RFC7970",                                 //STRING
  "Incident": [ ... ]                                   //Incident
}

Figure 1: IODEF-Document Class in JSON

2.2. Incident Class

The Incident class describes commonly exchanged information when reporting or sharing derived analysis from security incidents. This class is defined in Section 3.2 of RFC 7970. It has the following fields: "purpose", "lang", "restriction", "ext-restriction", "IncidentID", "RelatedActivity", "GenrationTime", "Description", "Assessment", "Methods", "Contact", "EventData", "IndicatorData", "History", and "AdditionalData". An example of this class in JSON is as follows.

"Incident": {
  "purpose": "reporting",                                   //ENUM
  "lang": "en",                                           //STRING
  "restriction": "green",                                   //ENUM
  "IncidentID": { ... },                        //IncidentID Class
  "RelatedActivity": [ ... ],              //RelatedActivity Class
  "GenerationTime": "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00",        //DateTime
  "Description": ["Incident class description field"], //ML_STRING
  "Assessment": [ ... ],                              //Assessment
  "Method": [ ... ],                                      //Method
  "Contact": [ ... ]                                     //Contact
  "EventData": [ ... ],                                //EventData
  "IndicatorData": { ... }                         //IndicatorData
  "History": { ... },                                    //History
  "AdditionalData": [ ... ],                      //AdditionalData
}

Figure 2: Incident Class in JSON

2.3. Common Attributes

There are a number of recurring attributes used in the information model. They are documented in this section.

2.3.1. restriction Attribute

RFC 7970 defines the restriction Attribute as one of common attributes. It is defined as below:

"restriction":{"enum": ["public", "partner", "need-to-know", "private", "default", "white", "green", "amber", "red", "ext-value"]}

Figure 3: restrition in JSON

Note that you must use "ext-restriction" field (STRING type) when the value of "restriction" field is set to "ext-value". The example on the use of the "ext-restriction" field is shown below.

  "restriction": "ext-value"                               // ENUM
  "ext-restriction": "registration required"             // STRING

Figure 4: ext-restrition in JSON

2.3.2. observable-id Attribute

RFC 7970 defines the observable-id attribute as one of common attributes. The value of this attribute is a unique identifier in the scope of the document.It is defined as below:

"observable-id": {"type": "string"},

Figure 5: observable-id in JSON

2.4. IncidentID Class

This class is defined in Section 3.4 of RFC 7970. It has the following fields: "IncidentID", "id", "name", "instance", "restriction", and "ext-restriction". The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"IncidentID": {
  "id": "nict20150518-0001",                             // STRING
  "name": "NICT_cert",                                   // STRING
  "instance": "cyberlab"                                 // STRING
  "restriction": "ext-value"                               // ENUM
  "ext-restriction": "registration required"             // STRING
}

Figure 6: IncidentID Class in JSON

2.5. AlternativeID Class

This class is defined in Section 3.5 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"AltervativeID": {
  "restriction": "private",                                 //ENUM
  "IncidentID": [<<<omitted>>>]                       //IncidentID
}

Figure 7: AlternativeID Class in JSON

2.6. RelatedActivity Class

This class is defined in Section 3.6 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"RelatedActivity": {
  "restriction": "private",                                 //ENUM
  "ThreatActor": [                                   //ThreatActor
    {
      "ThreatActorID": "TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY",
      "Description": "Aggressive Butterfly"
    }
  ],
  "Campaign": [                                         //Campaign
    {
      "CampaignID": "C-2015-59405",
      "Description": "Orange Giraffe"
    }
  ]
}

Figure 8: RelatedActivity Class in JSON

2.7. ThreatActor Class

This class is defined in Section 3.7 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"ThreatActor": {
  "ThreatActorID": "TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY",
  "Description": "Aggressive Butterfly"
}

Figure 9: ThreatActor Class in JSON

2.8. Campaign Class

This class is defined in Section 3.8 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Campaign": {
  "CampaignID": "C-2015-59405",                           //STRING
  "Description": "Orange Giraffe"                      //ML_STRING
}

Figure 10: Campaign Class in JSON

2.9. Contact Class

This class is defined in Section 3.9 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Contact": {
  "type": "organization",
  "role": "creator",
  "ContactName": "CSIRT for example.com",
  "email": {
    "emailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"
  }
}

Figure 11: Contact Class in JSON

2.9.1. RegistryHandle Class

This class is defined in Section 3.9.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"RegistryHandle": {
  "RegistryHandleName": "MyAPNIC",
  "registry": "apnic",
}

Figure 12: RegistryHandle Class in JSON

2.9.2. PostalAddress Class

This class is defined in Section 3.9.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"PostalAddress": {
  "type": "mailing",
  "PAddress": "184-8795",
  "Description": "4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi Koganei Tokyo, Japan"
},

Figure 13: PostalAddress Class in JSON

2.9.3. Email Class

This class is defined in Section 3.9.3 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Email": {
  "emailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"
},

Figure 14: Email Class in JSON

2.9.4. Telephone Class

This class is defined in Section 3.9.4 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Telephone": {
  "TelephoneNumber": "+81423275862"
},

Figure 15: Telephone Class in JSON

2.10. Discovery Class

This class is defined in Section 3.10 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Discovery": {
  "DetectionPattern": {
    "Application": {
      "Description": "Microsoft Win"
    }
  }
}

Figure 16: Discovery Class in JSON

2.10.1. DetectionPattern Class

This class is defined in Section 3.10.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"DetectionPattern": {
  "Application": {
    "Description": "Microsoft Win"
  }
}

Figure 17: DetectionPattern Class in JSON

2.11. Method Class

This class is defined in Section 3.11 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Method": {
  "Vulnerability": {}
}

Figure 18: Method Class in JSON

2.11.1. Reference Class

This class is defined in Section 3.11.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Reference":{
  "URL":"http://www.nict.go.jp"
}

Figure 19: Reference Class in JSON

2.12. Assessment Class

This class is defined in Section 3.12 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Assessment": {
  "BusinessImpact": {
    "type": "breach-proprietary"
  }
}

Figure 20: Assessment Class in JSON

2.12.1. SystemImpact Class

This class is defined in Section 3.12.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"SystemImpact":{
  "severity":"low",
  "type":"unknown"
},

Figure 21: SystemImpact Class in JSON

2.12.2. BusinessImpact Class

This class is defined in Section 3.12.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"BusinessImpact": {
  "type": "breach-proprietary"
}

Figure 22: BusinessImpact Class in JSON

2.12.3. TimeImpact Class

This class is defined in Section 3.12.3 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"TimeImpact":{
  "value":"5 hours",
  "metric":"elapsed"
}

Figure 23: TimeImpact Class in JSON

2.12.4. MonetaryImpact Class

This class is defined in Section 3.12.4 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"MonetaryImpact":{}

Figure 24: MonetaryImpact Class in JSON

2.12.5. Confidence Class

This class is defined in Section 3.12.5 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Confidence": {
  "rating": "medium"
}

Figure 25: Confidence Class in JSON

2.13. History Class

This class is defined in Section 3.13 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"History": {
  "HistoryItem": {
    "DateTime": "2015-10-15T11:18:00-05:00",
    "action": "investigate"
  }
},

Figure 26: History Class in JSON

2.13.1. HistoryItem Class

This class is defined in Section 3.13.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"HistoryItem": {
  "DateTime": "2015-10-15T11:18:00-05:00",
  "action": "investigate"
}

Figure 27: HistoryItem Class in JSON

2.14. EventData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.14 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"EventData": {
  "ReportTime": "2016-06-01 18:05:33",
  "System": {
    "category": "source",
    "Node": {
      "Address": {
        "category": "ipv4-addr",
        "AddressValue": "192.228.139.118"
      },
      "Location": "OrgID=7"
    },
    "Service": {
      "ip-protocol": 6,
      "Port": 49183
    }
},

Figure 28: EventData Class in JSON

2.15. Expectation Class

This class is defined in Section 3.15 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

"Expectation": {
  "action": "investigate"
},

Figure 29: Expectation Class in JSON

2.16. System Class

This class is defined in Section 3.17 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

          "System": {
            "category": "source",
            "Node": {
              "Address": {
                "category": "ipv4-addr",
                "AddressValue": "192.228.139.118"
              },
              "Location": "OrgID=7"
            },
            "Service": {
              "ip-protocol": 6,
              "Port": 49183
            }

Figure 30: System Class in JSON

2.17. Node Class

This class is defined in Section 3.18 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "Node": {
              "Address": {
                "category": "ipv4-addr",
                "AddressValue": "192.228.139.118"
              },

Figure 31: Node Class in JSON

2.17.1. Address Class

This class is defined in Section 3.18.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "Address": {
                "category": "ipv4-addr",
                "AddressValue": "192.228.139.118"
              },

Figure 32: Address Class in JSON

2.17.2. NodeRole Class

This class is defined in Section 3.18.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "NodeRole": {
              "category": "client"
            },

Figure 33: NodeRole Class in JSON

2.17.3. Counter Class

This class is defined in Section 3.18.3 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

          "Counter": {
            "value": "3",
            "type": "count",
            "unit": "packet"
          }

Figure 34: Counter Class in JSON

2.18. DomainData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.19 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "DomainData": {
                "system-status": "innocent-hacked",
                "domain-status": "assignedAndInactive",
                "Name": "temp1.nict.go.jp"
              },

Figure 35: DomainData Class in JSON

2.18.1. Nameserver Class

This class is defined in Section 3.19.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

                "NameServers": {
                  "Server": "vgw.nict.go.jp",
                  "Address": {
                    "AddressValue": "133.243.18.5",
                    "category": "ipv4-addr"
                  }
                }

Figure 36: Nameserver Class in JSON

2.18.2. DomainContacts Class

This class is defined in Section 3.19.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

                "DomainContacts": {
                  "Contact": {
                    "role": "user",
                    "type": "organization"
                  }
                }

Figure 37: DomainContacts Class in JSON

2.19. Service Class

This class is defined in Section 3.20 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "Service": {
              "ServiceName": {
                "Description": "It seems to be a scan from an infected machine."
              },
              "ip-protocol": 6,
              "Port": 49183
            }

Figure 38: Service Class in JSON

2.19.1. ServiceName Class

This class is defined in Section 3.20.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "ServiceName": {
                "Description": "It seems to be a scan from an infected machine."
              },

Figure 39: ServiceName Class in JSON

2.19.2. ApplicationHeader Class

This class is defined in Section 3.20.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "ApplicationHeader": {}

Figure 40: ApplicationHeader Class in JSON

2.20. EmailData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.21 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "EmailData":{}

Figure 41: EmailData Class in JSON

2.21. Record Class

This class is defined in Section 3.22.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

          "Record": {
            "RecordPattern": {
              "type": "regex",
              "value": "[0-9][A-Z]"
            },
            "RecordItem": {}
          },

Figure 42: Record Class in JSON

2.21.1. RecordPattern Class

This class is defined in Section 3.22.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "RecordPattern": {
              "type": "regex",
              "value": "[0-9][A-Z]"
            },

Figure 43: RecordPattern Class in JSON

2.22. WindowsRegistryKeysModified Class

This class is defined in Section 3.23 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
              "Key": {
                "KeyValue": "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
                "KeyName":"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINExxxxxxx",
              }
            }

Figure 44: WindowsRegistryKeysModified Class in JSON

2.22.1. Key Class

This class is defined in Section 3.23.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "Key": {
                "KeyValue": "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
                "KeyName":"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINExxxxxxx",
              }

Figure 45: Key Class in JSON

2.23. CertificateData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.24 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "CertificateData": {
              "Certificate": {
                "X509Data": {
                  "X509IssuerSerial": {
                    "X509IssuerName": "CN=TAMURA Kent, OU=TRL, O=IBM, L=Yamato-shi, ST=Kanagawa, C=JP",
                    "X509SerialNumber": "12345678"
                  },
                  "X509SKI": "31d97bd7"
                }
              }
            }

Figure 46: CertificateData Class in JSON

2.23.1. Certificate Class

This class is defined in Section 3.24.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "Certificate": {
                "X509Data": {
                  "X509IssuerSerial": {
                    "X509IssuerName": "CN=TAMURA Kent, OU=TRL, O=IBM, L=Yamato-shi, ST=Kanagawa, C=JP",
                    "X509SerialNumber": "12345678"
                  },
                  "X509SKI": "31d97bd7"
                }
              }

Figure 47: Certificate Class in JSON

2.24. FileData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.25 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "FileData": {
              "File": {
                "FileName": "dummy.exe"
              }
            },

Figure 48: FileData Class in JSON

2.24.1. File Class

This class is defined in Section 3.25.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "File": {
                "FileName": "dummy.exe"
              }

Figure 49: File Class in JSON

2.25. HashData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.26 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

                "HashData": {
                  "scope": "file-contents",
                  "Hash": {
                    "DigestMethod": "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1",
                    "DigestValue": "xxxxxxxxxxx"
                  }
                }

Figure 50: HashData Class in JSON

2.25.1. Hash Class

This class is defined in Section 3.26.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

                  "Hash": {
                    "DigestMethod": "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1",
                    "DigestValue": "xxxxxxxxxxx"
                  }

Figure 51: Hash Class in JSON

2.25.2. FuzzyHash Class

This class is defined in Section 3.26.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

                  "FuzzyHash": {
                    "FuzzyHashValue": {}
                  }

Figure 52: FuzzyHash Class in JSON

2.26. SignatureData Class

This class is defined in Section 3.27 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

                "SignatureData": {
                  "Signature": "xxxxxxxx"
                }

Figure 53: SignatureData Class in JSON

2.27. Indicator Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

          "Indicator": {
            "IndicatorID": {
              "id": "G90823490",
              "name": "csirt.example.com",
              "version": "1"
            },
            "Description": "C2 domains",
            "StartTime": "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00",
            "Observable": {
              "BulkObservable": {
                "type": "fqdn"
              },
              "BulkObservableList": [
                "kj290023j09r34.example.com",
                "09ijk23jfj0k8.example.net",
                "klknjwfjiowjefr923.example.org",
                "oimireik79msd.example.org"
              ]
            }
          }

Figure 54: Indicator Class in JSON

2.27.1. IndicatorID Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.1 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "IndicatorID": {
              "id": "G90823490",
              "name": "csirt.example.com",
              "version": "1"
            },

Figure 55: IndicatorID Class in JSON

2.27.2. AlternativeIndicatorID Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.2 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "AlternativeIndicatorID": {
              "IndicatorReference": {
                "uid-ref": "xxxxx"
              }
            },

Figure 56: AlternativeIndicatorID Class in JSON

2.27.3. Observable Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.3 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "Observable": {
              "BulkObservable": {
                "type": "fqdn"
              },
              "BulkObservableList": [
                "kj290023j09r34.example.com",
                "09ijk23jfj0k8.example.net",
                "klknjwfjiowjefr923.example.org",
                "oimireik79msd.example.org"
              ]
            }

Figure 57: Observable Class in JSON

2.27.4. IndicatorExpression Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.4 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "IndicatorExpression": {}

Figure 58: IndicatorExpression Class in JSON

2.27.5. ObservableReference Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.6 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "ObservableReference": {
              "uid-ref": "xxxxx"
            },

Figure 59: ObservableReference Class in JSON

2.27.6. IndicatorReference Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.7 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

              "IndicatorReference": {
                "uid-ref": "xxxxx"
              }

Figure 60: IndicatorReference Class in JSON

2.27.7. AttackPhase Class

This class is defined in Section 3.29.8 of RFC 7970. The example below represents how to describe this class in JSON.

            "AttackPhase": {
              "Description": "Currently, the infected host is scanning arbitrary hosts to find next targets."
            }

Figure 61: AttackPhase Class in JSON

3. Notable differences from RFC 7970 (to be deleted)

• Flow class is deleted, and EventData class now has the instance of System class.
• Record class is deleted, and the link to the Record class are directly connected to RecordData class, which is then renamed to Record class.

4. Examples

This section provides example of IODEF documents. These examples do not represent the full capabilities of the data model or the the only way to encode particular information.

4.1. Minimal Example

A document containing only the mandatory elements and attributes.

{
  "version": "2.0",
  "lang": "en",
  "Incident": [
    {
      "purpose": "reporting",
      "restriction": "private",
      "IncidentID": {
        "id": 492382,
        "name": "csirt.example.com"
      },
      "GenerationTime": "2015-07-18T09:00:00-05:00",
      "Contact": [
        {
          "type": "organization",
          "role": "creator",
          "email": {
            "emailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Figure 62: JSON representation example 1

4.2. Indicators from a Campaign

An example of C2 domains from a given campaign.

{
  "version": "2.0",
  "lang": "en",
  "Incidents": [
    {
      "purpose": "watch",
      "restriction": "green",
      "IncidentID": {
        "id": "897923",
        "name": "csirt.example.com"
      },
      "RelatedActivity": [
        {
          "ThreatActor": [
            {
              "ThreatActorID": "TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY",
              "Description": "Aggressive Butterfly"
            }
          ],
          "Campaign": [
            {
              "CampaignID": "C-2015-59405",
              "Description": "Orange Giraffe"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "GenerationTime": "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00",
      "Description": [
        "Summarizes the Indicators of Compromise for the Orange Giraffe campaign of the Aggressive Butterfly crime gang."
      ],
      "Assessment": [
        {
          "BusinessImpact": {
            "type": "breach-proprietary"
          }
        }
      ],
      "Contacts": [
        {
          "type": "organization",
          "role": "creator",
          "ContactName": "CSIRT for example.com",
          "Email": {
            "emailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"
          }
        }
      ],
      "IndicatorList": [
        {
          "IndicatorID": {
            "id": "G90823490",
            "name": "csirt.example.com",
            "version": "1"
          },
          "Description": "C2 domains",
          "StartTime": "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00",
          "Observable": {
            "BulkObservable": {
              "type": "fqdn"
            },
            "BulkObservableList": [
              "kj290023j09r34.example.com",
              "09ijk23jfj0k8.example.net",
              "klknjwfjiowjefr923.example.org",
              "oimireik79msd.example.org"
            ]
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Figure 63: JSON representation example 2

5. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema)

{
{
  "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
  "definitions": {
    "lang": {
      "enum": [
        "en",
        "jp"
      ]
    },
    "restriction": {
      "enum": [
        "public",
        "partner",
        "need-to-know",
        "private",
        "default",
        "white",
        "green",
        "amber",
        "red",
        "ext-value"
      ]
    },
    "URLtype": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "IDtype": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "ExtensionType": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "dtype": {
          "enum": [
            "boolean",
            "byte",
            "bytes",
            "character",
            "date-time",
            "ntpstamp",
            "integer",
            "portlist",
            "real",
            "string",
            "file",
            "path",
            "frame",
            "packet",
            "ipv4-packet",
            "ipv6-packet",
            "url",
            "csv",
            "winreg",
            "xml",
            "ext-value"
          ]
        },
        "ext-dtype": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "meaning": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "formatid": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        }
      }
    },
    "SoftwareType": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "SoftwareReference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareReference"
        },
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "SoftwareReference": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "value": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "spec-name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "ext-spec-name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "dtype": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "ext-dtype": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "spec-name"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Incident": {
      "title": "Incident",
      "description": "JSON schema for Incident class",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "purpose": {
          "enum": [
            "traceback",
            "mitigation",
            "reporting",
            "watch",
            "other",
            "ext-value"
          ]
        },
        "ext-purpose": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "status": {
          "enum": [
            "blabla"
          ]
        },
        "ext-status": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "lang": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/lang"
        },
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "IncidentID": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"
        },
        "AlternativeID": {
          "type": "object"
        },
        "RelatedActivity": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/RelatedActivity"
          }
        },
        "DetectTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "StartTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "EndTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "RecoveryTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "ReportTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "GenerationTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
        "Discovery": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"
          }
        },
        "Assessment": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"
          }
        },
        "Methods": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Method"
          }
        },
        "Contacts": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
          }
        },
        "EventData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"
          }
        },
        "IndicatorList": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Indicator"
          },
        },
        "History": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/History"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "IncidentID",
        "GenerationTime",
        "Contacts",
        "purpose"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "IncidentID": {
      "title": "IncidentID",
      "description": "JSON schema for IncidentID class",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "id": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "instance": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "name"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "RelatedActivity": {
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "IncidentID": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"
          }
        },
        "URL": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
          }
        },
        "ThreatActor": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ThreatActor"
          }
        },
        "Campaign": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Campaign"
          }
        },
        "IndicatorID": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"
          }
        },
        "Confidence": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "ThreatActor": {
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "ThreatActorID": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Campaign": {
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "CampaignID": {},
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "Contact": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "role": {},
        "ext-role": {},
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "ContactName": {},
        "ContactTitle": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "RegistryHandle": {},
        "PostalAddress": {},
        "Email": {},
        "Telephone": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Telephone"
        },
        "Timezone": {},
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "role",
        "type"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "RegistryHandle": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "RegistryHandleName": {},
        "registry": {},
        "ext-registry": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "registry"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "PostalAddress": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "type": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "ext-type": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "PAddress": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "PAddress"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Email": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "EmailTo": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "EmailTo"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Telephone": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "TelephoneNumber": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "TelephoneNumber"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Discovery": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "source": {},
        "ext-source": {},
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        },
        "DetectionPattern": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/DetectionPattern"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "DetectionPattern": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "Application": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "DetectionConfiguration": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "Application"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Method": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "References": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"
          }
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "AttackPattern": {},
        "Vulnerability": {},
        "Weakness": {},
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Reference": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "ReferenceName": {},
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Assessment": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "occurrence": {},
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "IncidentCategory": {},
        "SystemImpact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/SystemImpact"
        },
        "BusinessImpact": {},
        "TimeImpact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/TimeImpact"
        },
        "MonetaryImpact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/MonetaryImpact"
        },
        "IntendedImpact": {},
        "Counter": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"
        },
        "MitigatingFactor": {},
        "Cause": {},
        "Confidence": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "SystemImpact": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "severity": {},
        "completion": {},
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "type"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "BusinessImpact": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "severity": {},
        "ext-severity": {},
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "type"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "TimeImpact": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "value": {},
        "severity": {},
        "metric": {},
        "ext-metric": {},
        "duration": {},
        "ext-duration": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "metric"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "MonetaryImpact": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "MonetaryImpactValue": {},
        "severity": {},
        "currency": {}
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Confidence": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "ConfidenceValue": {},
        "rating": {},
        "ext-rating": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "rating"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "History": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "HistoryItem": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "HistoryItem"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "HistoryItem": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "action": {},
        "ext-action": {},
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "DateTime": {},
        "IncidentID": {},
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "DefinedCOA": {},
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "DateTime",
        "action"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "EventData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "DetectTime": {},
        "StartTime": {},
        "EndTime": {},
        "RecoveryTime": {},
        "ReportTime": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        },
        "Discovery": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"
        },
        "Assessment": {},
        "Method": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Method"
        },
        "System": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/System"
        },
        "Expectation": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"
        },
        "Record": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Record"
        },
        "EventData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "ReportTime"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Expectation": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "action": {},
        "ext-action": {},
        "severity": {},
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "DefinedCOA": {},
        "StartTime": {},
        "EndTime": {},
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "System": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "category": {
          "enum": [
            "source",
            "target",
            "intermediate",
            "sensor",
            "infrastructure",
            "ext-value"
          ]
        },
        "ext-category": {},
        "interface": {},
        "spoofed": {},
        "virtual": {},
        "ownership": {},
        "ext-ownership": {},
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "Node": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Node"
        },
        "NodeRole": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"
        },
        "Service": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Service"
        },
        "OperatingSystem": {},
        "Counter": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"
        },
        "AssetID": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "Node"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Node": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "DomainData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"
        },
        "Address": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Address"
        },
        "PostalAddress": {},
        "Location": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Counter": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Address": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "AddressValue": {},
        "category": {},
        "ext-category": {},
        "vlan-name": {},
        "vlan-num": {
          "type": "integer"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "category"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "NodeRole": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "category": {},
        "ext-category": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "category"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Counter": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "value": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "unit": {},
        "ext-unit": {},
        "meaning": {},
        "duration": {},
        "ext-duration": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "type",
        "unit"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "DomainData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "system-status": {},
        "ext-system-status": {},
        "domain-status": {},
        "ext-domain-status": {},
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "Name": {},
        "DateDomainWasChecked": {},
        "RegistrationDate": {},
        "ExpirationDate": {},
        "RelatedDNS": {},
        "NameServers": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/NameServers"
        },
        "DomainContacts": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/DomainContacts"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "Name",
        "system-status",
        "domain-status"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "NameServers": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "Server": {},
        "Address": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Address"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "Server",
        "Address"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "DomainContacts": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "SameDomainContact": {},
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "Contact"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Service": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "ip-protocol": {},
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "ServiceName": {},
        "Port": {},
        "Portlist": {},
        "ProtoCode": {},
        "ProtoType": {},
        "ProtoField": {},
        "ApplicationHeader": {},
        "EmailData": {},
        "Application": {}
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "ServiceName": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "IANAService": {},
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "ApplicationHeader": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "ApplicationHeaderField": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "ApplictionHeaderField"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "EmailData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "EmailTo": {},
        "EmailFrom": {},
        "EmailSubject": {},
        "EmailX-Mailer": {},
        "EmailHeaderField": {},
        "EmailHeaders": {},
        "EmailBody": {},
        "EmailMessage": {},
        "HashData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"
        },
        "SignatureData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/SignatureData"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Record": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "DateTime": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "Applicadtion": {},
        "RecordPattern": {},
        "RecordItem": {},
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "FileData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"
        },
        "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {},
        "CertificateData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/CertificateData"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "RecordPattern": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "RecordPatternValue": {},
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "offset": {},
        "offsetunit": {},
        "ext-offsetunit": {},
        "instance": {
          "type": "integer"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "type"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "observabile-id": {},
        "Key": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "Key"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Key": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "registryaction": {},
        "ext-registryaction": {},
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "KeyName": {},
        "KeyValue": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "KeyName"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "CertificateData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "Certificate": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Certificate"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "Certificate"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Certificate": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "X509Data": {},
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "X509Data"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "FileData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "observable-id": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"
        },
        "File": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/File"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "File"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "File": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "FileName": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "FileSize": {},
        "FileType": {},
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "HashData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"
        },
        "SignatureData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/SignatureData"
        },
        "AssociatedSoftware": {},
        "FileProperties": {}
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "HashData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "scope": {},
        "HashTargetID": {},
        "Hash": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"
        },
        "FuzzyHash": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/FuzzyHash"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "scope"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Hash": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "DigestMethod": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "DigestValue": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "CanonicalizationMethod": {},
        "Application": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "DigestMethod",
        "DigestValue"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "FuzzyHash": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "FuzzyHashValue": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
        },
        "Application": {},
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "FuzzyHashValue"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "SignatureData": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "Signature": {
          "SignatureValue": "xxxxxxxx",
          "id": "xxxxxxxx"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "Signature"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Indicator": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "IndicatorID": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"
        },
        "AlternativeIndicatorID": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeIndicatorID"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "StartTime": {},
        "EndTime": {},
        "Confidence": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"
        },
        "Contact": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"
        },
        "Observable": {},
        "ObservableReference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/ObservableReference"
        },
        "IndicatorExpression": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"
        },
        "IndicatorReference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"
        },
        "NodeRole": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"
        },
        "AttackPhase": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/AttackPhase"
        },
        "Reference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "IndicatorID"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "IndicatorID": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "id": {},
        "name": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "version": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "name",
        "version"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "AlternativeIndicatorID": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "IndicatorReference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "IndicatorReference"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "Observable": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "restriction": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"
        },
        "ext-restriction": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "System": {},
        "Address": {},
        "DomainData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"
        },
        "EmailData": {},
        "Service": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Service"
        },
        "WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {},
        "FileData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"
        },
        "CertificateData": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/CertificateData"
        },
        "RegistryHandle": {},
        "Record": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Record"
        },
        "EventData": {},
        "Incident": {},
        "Expectation": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"
        },
        "Reference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"
        },
        "Assessment": {},
        "DetectionPattern": {},
        "HistoryItem": {},
        "BulkObservable": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "BulkObservable": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "type": {},
        "ext-type": {},
        "BulkObservableFormant": {},
        "BulkObservableList": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "BulkObservableFormat": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "Hash": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "IndicatorExpression": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "operator": {},
        "ext-operator": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "IndicatorExpression": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"
        },
        "Observable": {},
        "ObservableReference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/ObservableReference"
        },
        "IndicatorReference": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "ObservableReference": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "uid-ref": {}
      },
      "required": [
        "uid-ref"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "IndicatorReference": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "uid-ref": {},
        "euid-ref": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "version": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "AttackPhase": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "AttackPhaseID": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "URL": {
          "$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"
        },
        "Description": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "AdditionalData": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": {
            "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
          }
        }
      },
      "required": [],
      "additionalProperties": false
    }
  },
  "title": "IODEF-Document",
  "description": "JSON schema for IODEF-Document class",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "version": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "lang": {
      "$ref": "#/definitions/lang"
    },
    "format-id": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "private-enum-name": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "private-enum-id": {
      "type": "string"
    },
    "Incidents": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"
      }
    },
    "AdditionalData": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"
      }
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "version",
    "Incidents"
  ],
  "additionalProperties": false
}

Figure 64: JSON schema

6. Acknowledgements

TBD.

7. IANA Considerations

This memo includes no request to IANA.

8. Security Considerations

This memo does not provide any further security considerations than the one described in RFC 7970.

9. References

9.1. Normative References

9.2. Informative References

Authors' Addresses