Internet DRAFT - draft-birrane-dtn-bpsec-suiteb-ciphersuites
draft-birrane-dtn-bpsec-suiteb-ciphersuites
Delay-Tolerant Networking E. Birrane
Internet-Draft JHU/APL
Intended status: Experimental December 31, 2015
Expires: July 3, 2016
Suite B Ciphersuites for Bundle Protocol Security (BPSec)
draft-birrane-dtn-bpsec-suiteb-ciphersuites-00
Abstract
This document proposes ciphersuites to be used for Bundle Protocol
Security (BPSec). These new ciphersuites provide compatibility with
the United States National Security Agency's Suite B specifications.
Status of This Memo
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Suite B Ciphersuites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3.2. Suites BIB-ECDSA-SHA256 and BIB-ECDSA-SHA384 . . . . . . 3
3.3. Suites BCB-ECDH-SHA256-AES128 and BCB-ECDH-SHA384-AES256 4
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
6.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. Introduction
This document specifies ciphersuites to be used with Bundle Protocol
Security (BPSec) [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpsec]. These suites provide
compatibility with the United States National Security Agency's Suite
B specifications.
This document is an update to the Suite-B profile created by Burgin
and Hennessy [I-D.hennessy-bsp-suiteb-ciphersuites]. This update
adapts the profile from BSP [RFC6257] to BPSec.
2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC2119].
3. Suite B Ciphersuites
3.1. Overview
This section defines new ciphersuites for use with the security block
types BIB and BCB. The BIB ciphersuites are based on digital
signatures using ECDSA. The BCB ciphersuites use ECDH for key
agreement, AES in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) for content encryption,
and AES Key Wrap for key encryption. All proposed ciphersuites use
SHA-256 or SHA-384 as the hash algorithm.
The ciphersuites use the mechanisms defined in Cryptographic Message
Syntax (CMS) [RFC5652] for packaging the keys, signatures, etc., for
transport in the appropriate security block. Additionally, the
ciphersuites follow the guidance and requirements of RFC 6318
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[RFC6318] which specifies the conventions for using Suite B
algorithms in Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME).
CMS values are generated using ASN.1 [X.208-88], the Basic Encoding
Rules (BER) [X.209-88], and the Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)
[X.509-88].
3.2. Suites BIB-ECDSA-SHA256 and BIB-ECDSA-SHA384
The BIB-ECDSA-SHA256 ciphersuite has ciphersuite ID value 0xB1, and
the BIB-ECDSA-SHA384 ciphersuite has ciphersuite ID value 0xB2.
In BIB-ECDSA-SHA256, ECDSA MUST be used with the SHA-256 message
digest algorithm and the P-256 elliptic curve, as specified in
[RFC6318]. In BIB-ECDSA-SHA384, ECDSA MUST be used with the SHA-384
message digest algorithm and the P-384 elliptic curve, as specified
in [RFC6318]. The P-256 and P-384 elliptic curves are specified in
[DSS].
The SHA-256 and SHA-384 message digest algorithms are defined in FIPS
Pub 180-3 [RFC5754]. The algorithm identifiers for SHA-256 and
SHA-384 are defined in [RFC5754]. RFC 5754 specifies the conventions
for using SHA-256 and SHA-384 with CMS. Within the CMS signed-data
content type, message digest algorithm identifiers are located in the
SignedData digestAlgorithms field and the SignerInfo digestAlgorithm
field.
RFC 5753 [RFC5753] specifies the conventions for using ECDSA with
CMS. RFC 5480 [RFC5480] defines the signature algorithm identifiers
used in CMS for ECDSA with SHA-256 and ECDSA with SHA-384. Relevant
details are repeated here.
Within the CMS signed-data content type, signature algorithm
identifiers are located in the SignerInfo signatureAlgorithm field of
SignedData. In addition, signature algorithm identifiers are located
in the SignerInfo signatureAlgorithm field of countersignature
attributes. When either signature algorithm identifier is used, the
AlgorithmIdentifier parameters field MUST be absent.
When signing, the ECDSA algorithm generates two values, commonly
called r and s. To transfer these two values as one signature, they
MUST be encoded using the ECDSA-Sig-Value type specified in RFC 5480
[RFC5480].
Because the signature field in SignedData SignatureValue is a
security-result field, the entire key-information item MUST be placed
in the BIB's security-result field, rather than security- parameters.
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3.3. Suites BCB-ECDH-SHA256-AES128 and BCB-ECDH-SHA384-AES256
The BCB-ECDH-SHA256-AES128 ciphersuite has ciphersuite ID value 0xB3,
and the BCB-ECDH-SHA384-AES256 ciphersuite has ciphersuite ID value
0xB4.
These schemes encrypt any block in a bundle except the primary block
and another BCB block. Both ciphersuites use ephemeral-static ECDH,
which means that the security source possesses an ephemeral ECDH key
pair and the security destination possesses a static ECDH key pair.
In BCB-ECDH-SHA256-AES128, ephemeral-static ECDH MUST be used with
the SHA-256 KDF, AES-128 Key Wrap, and the P-256 elliptic curve, as
specified in [RFC6318]. In BCB-ECDH-SHA384-AES256, ephemeral-static
ECDH MUST be used with the SHA-384 KDF, AES-256 Key Wrap, and the
P-384 elliptic curve, as specified in [RFC6318]. The P-256 and P-384
elliptic curves are specified in [DSS].
When a key agreement algorithm is used in CMS, a key-encryption
algorithm is also needed to encrypt the content encryption key (CEK).
These ciphersuites use Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Key Wrap,
as specified in RFC 3394 [RFC3394] and [AESWRAP], as the key-
encryption algorithm. The key-encryption key used with the AES Key
Wrap algorithm is obtained from a key derivation function (KDF).
These ciphersuites use a KDF based on SHA-256 and SHA-384.
Section 3.1 of RFC 5753 [RFC5753] specifies the conventions for using
ECDH with CMS. Here the bundle encryption key (BEK), used to encrypt
the target block, is the data to be carried in a CMS enveloped-data
content type. CMS encrypts the BEK with a freshly generated content
encryption key (CEK) and the result is placed in the encryptedContent
field of an EnvelopedData EncryptedContentInfo structure. The CEK is
encrypted with the ECDH-generated pairwise key-encryption key (KEK)
using the AES Key Wrap algorithm. The result is placed in the
EnvelopedData RecipientInfos KeyAgreeRecipientInfo
RecipientEncryptedKey EncryptedKey field.
Algorithm identifiers needed when using ECDH with CMS are provided in
RFC 6318 [RFC6318] section 4. Within the CMS enveloped-data content
type, the key agreement algorithm identifier is placed in the
EnvelopedData RecipientInfos KeyAgreeRecipientInfo
keyEncryptionAlgorithm field. The key wrap algorithm identifier is
placed in the KeyWrapAlgorithm parameters within the EnvelopedData
RecipientInfos KeyAgreeRecipientInfo keyEncryptionAlgorithm field.
KDFs based on SHA-256 and SHA-384 are used to derive a pairwise key-
encryption key from the shared secret produced by ephemeral-static
ECDH. Section 4.3 of RFC 6318 [RFC6318] specify the conventions for
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using the KDF with the shared secret generated with ephemeral-static
ECDH with the CMS.
Target block BSP encryption is done using the AES algorithm in
Galois/ Counter Mode (GCM) as described in [RFC5084]. For
consistency with the description in [RFC5084], we refer to the GCM IV
as a nonce. The same key and nonce combination MUST NOT be used more
than once. The nonce is constructed by concatenating a salt field
and an initialization vector, as follows.
The salt field is a four-octet value, usually chosen at random. The
salt need not be kept secret. The initialization vector (IV) is an
eight-octet value, usually chosen at random. The value need not be
kept secret.
The BEK is a 16-octet (128 bits) value in BCB-ECDH-SHA256-AES128, and
is a 32-octet value (256 bits) in BCB-ECDH-SHA384-AES256. The BEK
SHOULD be chosen randomly and MUST be kept secret.
The Integrity Check Value (ICV) from the AES-GCM content encryption
is a 16-octet value used to verify that the protected data has not
been altered. Normally, the ICV is concatenated with the ciphertext
to produce the output of AES-GCM encryption. However, to avoid
expansion of the payload, the ICV value is placed in the security-
result field of the BCB. The value need not be kept secret.
Each ciphersuite populates a single BCB in the bundle. This BCB MUST
contain security-parameters and security-result fields. The
security-parameters field includes the salt, IV, and key-information
items where the key- information item contains the encrypted BEK
encoded in a CMS EnvelopedData structure. The security-results-field
contains the ICV. The ciphertext is NOT stored in the BCB, but
replaces the plaintext from the target block. The other bytes of the
target block, such as type, flags, and length, are not modified.
4. Security Considerations
Two levels of security may be achieved using this specification.
Users must consider their risk environment to determine which level
is appropriate for their own use.
The security considerations in [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpsec] discuss the BPSec
Protocol and apply here as well.
The security considerations in [RFC5652] discuss the CMS as a method
for digitally signing data and encrypting data.
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The security considerations in [RFC3370] discuss cryptographic
algorithm implementation concerns in the context of the CMS.
The security considerations in [RFC5753] discuss the use of elliptic
curve cryptography (ECC) in the CMS.
The security considerations in [RFC3565] discuss the use of AES in
the CMS, and the security considerations in [RFC5084] discuss the
Galois/Counter Mode.
5. IANA Considerations
This protocol has fields that have been registered by IANA.
The BPSec has a ciphersuite number field and certain ciphersuites are
defined. The registration policy for this registry is: Specification
Required. The Value range is: Variable Length.
IANA is requested to assign the following values for the ciphersuite
number field.
Ciphersuite Numbers Registry:
+-------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
| 0xB1 | BIB-ECDSA-SHA256 | This document |
| 0xB2 | BIB-ECDSA-SHA384 | This document |
| 0xB3 | BCB-ECDH-SHA256-AES128 | This document |
| 0xB4 | BCB-ECDH-SHA384-AES256 | This document |
+-------+--------------------------------------+----------------+
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[AESWRAP] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "AES Key
Wrap Specification", November 2001.
[DSS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Digital
Signature Standard (DSS)", FIPS PUB 186-3, June 2009.
[FIPS180-3]
National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Secure
Hash Standard", FIPS PUB 180-3, October 2008.
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[FIPS197] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES)", FIPS PUB 197, November 2001.
[I-D.ietf-dtn-bpsec]
Birrane, E., Pierce-Mayer, J., and D. Iannicca, "Bundle
Protocol Security Specification", draft-ietf-dtn-bpsec-00
(work in progress), December 2015.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3370] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)
Algorithms", RFC 3370, DOI 10.17487/RFC3370, August 2002,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3370>.
[RFC3394] Schaad, J. and R. Housley, "Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) Key Wrap Algorithm", RFC 3394, DOI 10.17487/RFC3394,
September 2002, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3394>.
[RFC3565] Schaad, J., "Use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Encryption Algorithm in Cryptographic Message Syntax
(CMS)", RFC 3565, DOI 10.17487/RFC3565, July 2003,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3565>.
[RFC5084] Housley, R., "Using AES-CCM and AES-GCM Authenticated
Encryption in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)",
RFC 5084, DOI 10.17487/RFC5084, November 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5084>.
[RFC5480] Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk,
"Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key
Information", RFC 5480, DOI 10.17487/RFC5480, March 2009,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5480>.
[RFC5652] Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)", STD 70,
RFC 5652, DOI 10.17487/RFC5652, September 2009,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5652>.
[RFC5753] Turner, S. and D. Brown, "Use of Elliptic Curve
Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message
Syntax (CMS)", RFC 5753, DOI 10.17487/RFC5753, January
2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5753>.
[RFC5754] Turner, S., "Using SHA2 Algorithms with Cryptographic
Message Syntax", RFC 5754, DOI 10.17487/RFC5754, January
2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5754>.
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[RFC6318] Housley, R. and J. Solinas, "Suite B in Secure/
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME)", RFC 6318,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6318, June 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6318>.
6.2. Informative References
[I-D.hennessy-bsp-suiteb-ciphersuites]
Burgin, K. and A. Hennessy, "Suite B Ciphersuites for the
Bundle Security Protocol", draft-hennessy-bsp-suiteb-
ciphersuites-00 (work in progress), March 2012.
[I-D.hennessy-bsp-suiteb-profile]
Burgin, K. and A. Hennessy, "Suite B Profile for the
Bundle Security Protocol", draft-hennessy-bsp-suiteb-
profile-00 (work in progress), March 2012.
[RFC5050] Scott, K. and S. Burleigh, "Bundle Protocol
Specification", RFC 5050, DOI 10.17487/RFC5050, November
2007, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5050>.
[RFC6257] Symington, S., Farrell, S., Weiss, H., and P. Lovell,
"Bundle Security Protocol Specification", RFC 6257,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6257, May 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6257>.
[SP800-56A]
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
"Recommendation for Pair-wise Key Establishment Schemes
Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography", NIST Special
Publication 800-56A, March 2007.
[SuiteB] U.S. National Security Agency, "Fact Sheet NSA Suite B
Cryptography", NIST Special Publication 800-56A, January
2009,
<http://www.nsa.gov/ia/programs/suiteb_cryptography/>.
Author's Address
Edward J. Birrane
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
11100 Johns Hopkins Rd.
Laurel, MD 20723
US
Phone: +1 443 778 7423
Email: Edward.Birrane@jhuapl.edu
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