Internet DRAFT - draft-bonica-mpls-self-ping
draft-bonica-mpls-self-ping
MPLS Working Group R. Torvi
Internet-Draft R. Bonica
Intended status: Standards Track Juniper Networks
Expires: November 19, 2015 I. Minei
Google, Inc.
M. Conn
D. Pacella
L. Tomotaki
M. Wygant
Verizon
May 18, 2015
LSP Self-Ping
draft-bonica-mpls-self-ping-06
Abstract
When certain RSVP-TE optimizations are implemented, ingress LSRs can
receive RSVP RESV messages before forwarding state has been installed
on all downstream nodes. According to the RSVP-TE specification, the
ingress LSR can forward traffic through an LSP as soon as it receives
a RESV message. However, if the ingress LSR forwards traffic through
the LSP before forwarding state has been installed on all downstream
nodes, traffic can be lost.
This memo describes LSP Self-ping. When an ingress LSR receives an
RESV message, it can invoke LSP Self-ping procedures to ensure that
forwarding state has been installed on all downstream nodes.
LSP Self-ping is an extremely light-weight mechanism. It does not
consume control plane resources on transit or egress LSRs.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on November 19, 2015.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. The LSP Self-ping Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. LSP Self Ping Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5. Bidirectional LSP Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6. Rejected Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction
Ingress Label Switching Routers (LSR) use RSVP-TE [RFC3209] to
establish MPLS Label Switched Paths. The following paragraphs
describe RSVP-TE procedures.
The ingress LSR calculates path between itself and an egress LSR.
The calculated path can be either strictly or loosely routed. Having
calculated a path, the ingress LSR constructs an RSVP PATH message.
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The PATH message includes an Explicit Route Object (ERO) that
represents the path between the ingress and egress LSRs.
The ingress LSR forwards the PATH message towards the egress LSR,
following the path defined by the ERO. Each transit LSR that
receives the PATH message executes admission control procedures. If
the transit LSR admits the LSP, it sends the PATH message downstream,
to the next node in the ERO.
When the egress LSR receives the PATH message, it binds a label to
the LSP. The label can be implicit null, explicit null, or non-null.
The egress LSR then installs forwarding state (if necessary), and
constructs an RSVP RESV message. The RESV message contains a Label
Object that includes the label that has been bound to the LSP.
The egress LSR sends the RESV message upstream towards the ingress
LSR. The RESV message visits the same transit LSRs that the PATH
message visited, in reverse order. Each transit LSR binds a label to
the LSP, updates its forwarding state and updates the RESV message.
As a result, the Label Object in the RESV message contains the label
that has been bound to the LSP most recently. Finally, the transit
LSR sends the RESV message upstream, along the reverse path of the
LSP.
When the ingress LSR receives the RESV message, it installs
forwarding state. Once the ingress LSR installs forwarding state it
can forward traffic through the LSP.
Some implementations optimize the above-described procedure by
allowing LSRs to send RESV messages before installing forwarding
state. This optimization is desirable, because it allows LSRs to
install forwarding state in parallel, thus accelerating the process
of LSP signaling and setup. However, this optimization creates a
race condition. When the ingress LSR receives a RESV message, some
downstream LSRs may not have installed forwarding state yet. If the
ingress LSR forwards traffic through the LSP before forwarding state
has been installed on all downstream nodes, traffic can be lost.
This memo describes LSP Self-ping. When an ingress LSR receives an
RESV message, it can invoke LSP Self-ping procedures to verify that
forwarding state has been installed on all downstream nodes. By
verifying the installation of downstream forwarding state, the
ingress LSR eliminates this particular cause of traffic loss.
LSP Self-ping is an extremely light-weight mechanism. It does not
consume control plane resources on transit or egress LSRs.
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Although LSP Ping and LSP Self-ping are named similarly, each is a
unique protocol. Each protocol listens on its own UDP port and
executes is own unique procedures.
2. Applicability
LSP Self-ping is applicable in the following scenario:
o The ingress LSR receives a RESV message
o The RESV message indicates that all downstream nodes have begun
the process of forwarding state installation
o The RESV message does not guarantee that all downstream nodes have
completed the process of forwarding state installation
o The ingress LSR needs to confirm that all downstream nodes have
completed the process for forwarding state installation
o The ingress LSR does not need to confirm the correctness of
downstream forwarding state, because there is a very high
likelihood that downstream forwarding state is correct
o Control plane resources on the egress LSR may be scarce
o The need to conserve control plane resources on the egress LSR
outweighs the need to determine whether downstream forwarding
state is correct
Unlike LSP Ping [RFC4379] and S-BFD [I-D.akiya-bfd-seamless-base],
LSP Self-ping is not a general purpose MPLS OAM mechanism. It cannot
reliably determine whether downstream forwarding state is correct.
For example, if a downstream LSR installs a forwarding state that
causes an LSP to terminate at the wrong node, LSP Self-ping will not
detect an error. Furthermore, LSP Self-ping fails when either of the
following conditions are true:
o The LSP under test is signaled by the Label Distribution Protocol
(LDP) Independent Mode [RFC5036]
o Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF) [RFC3704] filters are enabled on
links that connect the ingress LSR to the egress LSR
While LSP Ping and S-BFD are general purpose OAM mechanisms, they are
not applicable in the above described scenario because:
o LSP Ping consumes control plane resources on the egress LSR
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o An S-BFD implementation either consumes control plane resources on
the egress LSR or requires special support for S-BFD on the
forwarding plane.
By contrast, LSP Self-ping requires nothing from the egress LSR
beyond the ability to forward an IP datagram.
LSP Self-ping's purpose is to determine whether forwarding state has
been installed on all downstream LSRs. Its primary constraint is to
minimize its impact on egress LSR performance. This functionality is
required during network convergence events that impact a large number
of LSPs.
Therefore, LSP Self-ping is applicable in the scenario described
above, where the LSP is signaled by RSVP, RPF is not enabled, and the
need to conserve control plane resources on the egress LSR outweighs
the need to determine whether downstream forwarding state is correct.
3. The LSP Self-ping Message
The LSP Self-ping Message is a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) [RFC0768]
packet. If the RSVP messages used to establish the LSP under test
were delivered over IPv4 [RFC0791], the UDP datagram MUST be
encapsulated in an IPv4 header. If the RSVP messages used to
establish the LSP were delivered over IPv6 [RFC2460], the UDP
datagram MUST be encapsulated in an IPv6 header.
In either case:
o The IP Source Address MAY be configurable. By default, it MUST be
the address of the egress LSR
o The IP Destination Address MUST be the address of the ingress LSR
o The IP Time to Live (TTL) / Hop Count MAY be configurable. By
default, it MUST be 255
o The IP DSCP MAY be configurable. By default, it MUST be CS6
(Ox48) [RFC4594]
o The UDP Source Port MUST be selected from the dynamic range
(49152-65535) [RFC6335]
o The UDP Destination Port MUST be LSP Self-ping. (Value to be
assigned by IANA. See Section 7)
UDP packet contents have the following format:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Session-ID |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
LSP Self-ping Message
The Session-ID is a 64-bit field that associates an LSP Self-ping
message with an LSP Self-ping session.
4. LSP Self Ping Procedures
In order to verify that an LSP is ready to carry traffic, the ingress
LSR creates a short-lived LSP Self-ping session. All session state
is maintained locally on the ingress LSR. Session state includes the
following information:
o Session-ID: A 64-bit number that identifies the LSP Self-ping
session
o Retry Counter: The maximum number of times that the ingress LSR
probes the LSP before terminating the LSP Self-ping session. The
initial value of this variable is determined by configuration.
o Retry Timer: The number of milliseconds that the LSR waits after
probing the LSP. The initial value of this variable is determined
by configuration.
o Status: A boolean variable indicating the completion status of the
LSP Self-ping session. The initial value of this variable is
FALSE.
Implementation MAY represent the above mentioned information in any
format that is convenient to them.
The ingress LSR executes the following procedure until Status equals
TRUE or Retry Counter equals zero:
o Format a LSP Self-ping message.
o Set the Session-ID in the LSP Self-ping message to the Session-ID
mentioned above
o Send the LSP Self-ping message through the LSP under test
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o Set a timer to expire in Retry Timer milliseconds
o Wait until either an LSP Self-ping message associated with the
session returns or the timer expires. If an LSP Self-ping message
associated with the session returns, set Status to TRUE.
Otherwise, decrement the Retry Counter. Optionally, increase the
value of Retry Timer according to an appropriate back off
algorithm.
In the process described above, the ingress LSR addresses an LSP
Self-ping message to itself and forwards that message through the LSP
under test. If forwarding state has been installed on all downstream
LSRs, the egress LSR receives the LSP Self-ping message and
determines that it is addressed to the ingress LSR. So, the egress
LSR forwards LSP Self-ping message back to the ingress LSR, exactly
as it would forward any other IP packet.
The LSP Self-ping message can arrive at the egress LSR with or
without an MPLS header, depending on whether the LSP under test
executes penultimate hop-popping procedures. If the LSP Self-ping
message arrives at the egress LSR with an MPLS header, the egress LSR
removes that header.
If the egress LSR's most preferred route to the ingress LSR is
through an LSP, the egress LSR forwards the LSP Self-ping message
through that LSP. However, if the egress LSR's most preferred route
to the ingress LSR is not through an LSP, the egress LSR forwards the
LSP Self-ping message without MPLS encapsulation.
When an LSP Self-ping session terminates, it returns its completion
status to the invoking protocol. For example, if RSVP-TE invokes LSP
Self-ping as part of the LSP set-up procedure, LSP Self-ping returns
its completion status to RSVP-TE.
5. Bidirectional LSP Procedures
A bidirectional LSP has an active side and a passive side. The
active side calculates the ERO and signals the LSP in the forward
direction. The passive side reverses the ERO and signals the LSP in
the reverse direction.
When LSP Self-ping is applied to a bidirectional LSP:
o The active side calculates ERO, signals LSP and runs LSP Self-ping
o The Passive side reverses ERO, signals LSP and runs another
instance of LSP Self-ping
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o Neither side forwards traffic through the LSP until local LSP
Self-ping returns TRUE
The two LSP Self-ping sessions, mentioned above, are independent of
one another. They are not required to have the same Session-ID.
Each endpoint can forward traffic through the LSP as soon as the its
local LSP Self-ping returns TRUE. Endpoints are not required to wait
until both LSP Self-ping sessions have returned TRUE.
6. Rejected Approaches
In a rejected approach, the ingress LSR uses LSP-Ping to verify LSP
readiness. This approach was rejected for the following reasons.
While an ingress LSR can control its control plane overhead due to
LSP Ping, an egress LSR has no such control. This is because each
ingress LSR can, on its own, control the rate of the LSP Ping
originated by the LSR, while an egress LSR must respond to all the
LSP Pings originated by various ingresses. Furthermore, when an MPLS
Echo Request reaches an egress LSR it is sent to the control plane of
the egress LSR, which makes egress LSR processing overhead of LSP
Ping well above the overhead of its data plane (MPLS/IP forwarding).
These factors make LSP Ping problematic as a tool for detecting LSP
readiness to carry traffic when dealing with a large number of LSPs.
By contrast, LSP Self-ping does not consume any control plane
resources at the egress LSR, and relies solely on the data plane of
the egress LSR, making it more suitable as a tool for checking LSP
readiness when dealing with a large number of LSPs.
In another rejected approach, the ingress LSR does not verify LSP
readiness. Alternatively, it sets a timer when it receives an RSVP
RESV message and does not forward traffic through the LSP until the
timer expires. This approach was rejected because it is impossible
to determine the optimal setting for this timer. If the timer value
is set too low, it does not prevent black-holing. If the timer value
is set too high, it slows down the process of LSP signalling and
setup.
Moreover, the above-mentioned timer is configured on a per-router
basis. However, its optimum value is determined by a network-wide
behavior. Therefore, changes in the network could require changes to
the value of the timer, making the optimal setting of this timer a
moving target.
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7. IANA Considerations
This memo request that IANA assign a UDP port from the user range
(1024-49151) for LSP Self-ping.
8. Security Considerations
LSP Self-ping messages are easily forged. Therefore, an attacker can
send the ingress LSR a forged LSP Self-ping message, causing the
ingress LSR to terminate the LSP Self-ping session prematurely. In
order to mitigate these threats, implementations SHOULD NOT assign
Session-ID's in a predictable manner. Furthermore, operators SHOULD
filter LSP Self-ping packets at network ingress points.
9. Acknowledgements
Thanks to Yakov Rekhter, Ravi Singh, Eric Rosen, Eric Osborne, Greg
Mirsky and Nobo Akiya for their contributions to this document.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC0768] Postel, J., "User Datagram Protocol", STD 6, RFC 768,
August 1980.
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September
1981.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001.
[RFC3704] Baker, F. and P. Savola, "Ingress Filtering for Multihomed
Networks", BCP 84, RFC 3704, March 2004.
[RFC4379] Kompella, K. and G. Swallow, "Detecting Multi-Protocol
Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures", RFC 4379,
February 2006.
[RFC5036] Andersson, L., Minei, I., and B. Thomas, "LDP
Specification", RFC 5036, October 2007.
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[RFC6335] Cotton, M., Eggert, L., Touch, J., Westerlund, M., and S.
Cheshire, "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Procedures for the Management of the Service Name and
Transport Protocol Port Number Registry", BCP 165, RFC
6335, August 2011.
10.2. Informative References
[I-D.akiya-bfd-seamless-base]
Akiya, N., Pignataro, C., Ward, D., Bhatia, M., and J.
Networks, "Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(S-BFD)", draft-akiya-bfd-seamless-base-03 (work in
progress), April 2014.
[RFC4594] Babiarz, J., Chan, K., and F. Baker, "Configuration
Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 4594, August
2006.
Authors' Addresses
Ravi Torvi
Juniper Networks
Email: rtorvi@juniper.net
Ron Bonica
Juniper Networks
Email: rbonica@juniper.net
Ina Minei
Google, Inc.
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Mountain View, CA 94043
U.S.A.
Email: inaminei@google.com
Michael Conn
Verizon
Email: michael.e.conn@verizon.com
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Dante Pacella
Verizon
Email: dante.j.pacella@verizon.com
Luis Tomotaki
Verizon
Email: luis.tomotaki@verizon.com
Mark Wygant
Verizon
Email: mark.wygant@verizon.com
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