Internet DRAFT - draft-bonica-spring-sr-mapped-six
draft-bonica-spring-sr-mapped-six
SPRING Working Group R. Bonica
Internet-Draft S. Hegde
Intended status: Standards Track Juniper Networks
Expires: 31 March 2022 Y. Kamite
NTT Communications Corporation
A. Alston
D. Henriques
Liquid Telecom
L. Jalil
Verizon
J. Halpern
Ericsson
J. Linkova
Google
G. Chen
Baidu
27 September 2021
Segment Routing Mapped To IPv6 (SRm6)
draft-bonica-spring-sr-mapped-six-04
Abstract
This document describes Segment Routing Mapped to IPv6 (SRm6). SRm6
is a Segment Routing (SR) solution that supports a wide variety of
use-cases while complying with IPv6 specifications. SRm6 is
optimized for ASIC-based routers that operate at high data rates.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 31 March 2022.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2021 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text
as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Paths, Segments And Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Topological Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Adjacency Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Node Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Binding Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Service Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. PSSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. PPSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Segment Identifiers (SID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. 16-Bit SIDs Versus 32-Bit SIDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2. Assigning SIDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Forwarding Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Control Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Differences Between SRm6 and SRv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. Instruction Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. IPv6 Address Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.3. OAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.4. Routing Extension Header Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.5. Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
11. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
12.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
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1. Overview
Network operators deploy Segment Routing (SR) [RFC8402] so they can
forward packets through SR paths. An SR path provides connectivity
from its ingress node to its egress node. While an SR path can
follow the least-cost path from ingress to egress, it can also follow
any other path.
An SR path contains one or more segments. A segment provides
connectivity from its ingress node to its egress node. It includes a
topological instruction that controls its behavior.
The topological instruction is executed on the segment ingress node.
It determines the segment egress node and the method by which the
segment ingress node sends packets to the segment egress node.
SR nodes can also execute service instructions. Segment egress nodes
execute Per Segment Service Instructions (PSSI). Likewise, path
egress nodes execute Per Path Service Instructions (PPSI). Section 2
of this document describes the relationship between SR paths,
segments and instructions.
A Segment Identifier (SID) identifies each segment. Because there is
a one-to-one relationship between segments and the topological
instructions that control them, the SID that identifies a segment
also identifies the topological instruction that controls it.
A SID is shorter than the topological instruction that it identifies.
While a SID is 16 or 32 bits long, the topological instruction that
it identifies is at least 128 bits long.
To forward a packet through an SR path, the SR ingress node encodes a
list of SIDs in the packet header. It can also encode service
instructions in the packet header.
Because the SR ingress node is also the first segment ingress node,
it executes the first segment's topological instruction and sends the
packet to the first segment egress node. When the first segment
egress node receives the packet, it executes the first segment's
PSSI, if one is present.
If the SR path contains only one segment, the first segment egress
node is also the path egress node. In this case, that node executes
the PPSI, if one is present.
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If the SR path contains multiple segments, the first segment's egress
node is also the second segment's ingress node. In this case, that
node executes the second segment's topological instruction. This
procedure continues until the packet arrives at the path egress node.
If the packet includes a PPSI, the path egress node executes it.
In SR, only the path ingress node maintains path information. The
segment ingress node maintains a topological instruction, but it does
not maintain path information unless it is also a path ingress node.
SR can use either an MPLS [RFC3031] data plane or an IPv6 [RFC8200]
data plane. SR-MPLS [RFC8660] uses MPLS. SRv6 [RFC8986] uses IPv6.
This document describes Segment Routing Mapped to IPv6 (SRm6). SRm6
is an SR solution that also uses IPv6. It supports a wide variety of
use-cases while adhering to IPv6 specifications.
Section 8 of this document describes the differences between SRv6 and
SRm6.
2. Paths, Segments And Instructions
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
|Node|----|Node|----|Node|----|Node|----|Node|----|Node|
| A | | B | | C | | D | | E | | F |
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
| | | |
-------------------| |-------------------|
Segment A-C |---------| Segment D-F
Segment C-D
| |
-------------------------------------------------
SRm6 Path
Figure 1: Paths, Segments And Instructions
Figure 1 depicts an SRm6 path. The path provides connectivity from
its ingress node (i.e., Node A) to its egress node (i.e., Node F).
It contains Segments A-C, C-D and D-F.
In Segment A-C, Node A is the ingress node, Node B is a transit node,
and Node C is the egress node. So, Node A executes the segment's
topological instruction. If the packet includes a PSSI for the
segment, Node C executes it.
In Segment C-D, Node C is the ingress node and Node D is the egress
node. So, Node C executes the segment's topological instruction. If
the packet includes a PSSI for the segment, Node D executes it.
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In Segment D-F, Node D is the ingress node, Node E is a transit node,
and Node F is the egress node. So, Node D executes the segment's
topological instruction. If the packet includes a PSSI for the
segment, Node F executes it.
Node F is also the path egress node. So, if the packet includes a
PPSI, Node F executes it.
Other paths that are not included in the figure also include Segments
A-C, C-D, and D-F.
3. Topological Instructions
SRm6 supports the following topological instruction types:
* Adjacency.
* Node.
* Binding.
3.1. Adjacency Instructions
Adjacency instructions send packets through a single link that
connects the segment ingress node to the segment egress node. An
adjacency instruction includes the following information:
* SE-ADDR: The IPv6 address of an interface on the segment egress
node.
* IFACE: An interface identifier.
The instruction behaves as follows:
* If the interface identified by IFACE is not operational, discard
the packet and send an ICMPv6 [RFC4443] Destination Unreachable
message to the packet's source node.
* Overwrite the packet's Destination Address with SE-ADDR.
* Send the packet through the interface identified by IFACE.
3.2. Node Instructions
Node instructions send packets through the least-cost path from the
segment ingress node to the segment egress node. A node instruction
includes an SE-ADDR. The SE-ADDR is the IPv6 address of an interface
on the segment egress node.
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The instruction behaves as follows:
* If the segment ingress node does not have a viable route to SE-
ADDR, discard the packet and send an ICMPv6 Destination
Unreachable message to the packet's source node.
* Overwrite the packet's Destination Address with SE-ADDR.
* Send the packet to the next-hop along the least-cost path to SE-
ADDR.
3.3. Binding Instructions
Binding instructions send packets through tunnels that connect the
segment ingress node to the segment egress node. Because the tunnel
is also an SRm6 path, it is called an SRm6 tunnel.
A binding instruction includes the following information:
* SE-ADDR: The IPv6 address of an interface on the segment egress
node.
* Tunnel-SID-List: A SID list that determines the path of the SRm6
tunnel.
The instruction behaves as follows:
* Overwrite the packet's Destination Address with SE-ADDR.
* Prepend an SRm6 tunnel header to the packet. The SRm6 tunnel
header includes the Tunnel-SID-List.
* If the SRm6 tunnel is not operational, discard the packet and send
an ICMPv6 Destination Unreachable message to the packet's source
node.
* Send the packet through the SRm6 tunnel.
4. Service Instructions
SRm6 supports the following service instruction types:
* Per-Segment Service Instructions (PSSI).
* Per-Path Service Instructions (PPSI).
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4.1. PSSI
The PSSI, if present, is executed on the segment egress node.
Because the path egress node is also a segment egress node, it can
execute a PSSI.
The following are examples of PSSIs:
* Expose a packet to a firewall policy.
* Expose a packet to a sampling policy.
4.2. PPSI
A PPSI, if present, is executed on the path egress node.
The following are examples of PPSIs:
* De-encapsulate a packet and forward its newly exposed payload
through a specified interface.
* De-encapsulate a packet and forward its newly exposed payload
using a specified routing table.
5. Segment Identifiers (SID)
A Segment Identifier (SID) is an unsigned integer that identifies a
segment. It can be either 16 or 32 bits long. Because there is a
one-to-one relationship between segments and the topological
instructions that control them, the SID that identifies a segment
also identifies the topological instruction that controls it.
A SID is shorter than the topological instruction that it identifies.
While a SID is 16 or 32 bits long, the topological instruction that
it identifies is at least 128 bits long.
SIDs have node-local significance. This means that a segment ingress
node identifies each segment that it originates with a unique SID.
However, a single SID value can be used to identify:
* A segment whose ingress is Node A and whose egress is Node Z.
* Another segment whose ingress is Node B and whose egress is also
node Z.
A single SID value can identify both segments because they originate
on different nodes.
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SID values 0 through 15 are reserved for future use.
SIDs can be assigned in a manner that simplifies network operations.
See Section 5.2 for details.
5.1. 16-Bit SIDs Versus 32-Bit SIDs
The maximum 16-bit SID value is 65,535. Because SIDs 0 through 15
are reserved for future use, a 16-bit SID offers 65,520 usable
values.
The maximum 32-bit SID value is 4,294,967,295. Because SIDs 0
through 15 are reserved for future use, a 32-bit SID offers
4,294,967,280 usable values.
To minimize packet length, network operators should use 16-bit SIDs
whenever possible. However, when more than 65,520 SIDs are required,
network operators must use 32-bit SIDs.
Consider a network that contains 60,000 nodes. Each node connects to
200 or fewer neighbors through point-to-point links. In this
network, we will determine how many SIDs are required under the
following conditions:
* If the network contains adjacency segments only.
* If the network contains node segments only.
* If the network contains both adjacency and node segments.
If the network contains adjacency segments only, and each node
originates an adjacency segment to each of its neighbors, each node
originates 200 segments or fewer. Because SIDs have node-local
significance (i.e., they can be reused across nodes), the network
requires only 200 SIDs. The network operator can use 16-bit SIDs, so
long as each node supports 65,520 point-to-point links or fewer.
If the network contains node segments only, and every node originates
a node segment to every other node, every node originates 59,999
segments. Because SIDs have node-local significance, the network
requires only 59,999 SIDs. The network operator can use 16-bit SIDs
so long as the number of nodes is less than 65,520.
If the network contains both adjacency and node segments, each node
will originate 60,199 segments or fewer. This value is the sum of:
* The number of node segments that each node originates (i.e.,
59,999).
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* The number of adjacency segments that each node originates (i.e.,
200 or fewer).
Because SIDs have node-local significance, only 60,199 SIDs are
required. The network operator can use 16-bit SIDs so long as the
number of nodes plus the maximum number of links per node is less
than 65,520.
5.2. Assigning SIDs
Network operators can establish conventions for assigning SIDs to
segments. These conventions can simplify network operations.
For example, a network operator who uses 16-bit SIDs can:
* Assign SIDs 16 - 1000 to adjacency segments
* Assign SIDs 1001 - 62,000 to node segments
* Assign SIDs 62,001 to 65,535 to binding segments
The network operator can also assign node SIDs so that all node
segments ending on a node have the same SID (i.e., all node
instructions that include the same information are identified by the
same SID).
+======================+=====================+======+
| Segment Ingress Node | Segment Egress Node | SID |
+======================+=====================+======+
| 2 | 1 | 1001 |
+----------------------+---------------------+------+
| 3 | 1 | 1001 |
+----------------------+---------------------+------+
| 1 | 2 | 1002 |
+----------------------+---------------------+------+
| 3 | 2 | 1002 |
+----------------------+---------------------+------+
| 1 | 3 | 1003 |
+----------------------+---------------------+------+
| 2 | 3 | 1003 |
+----------------------+---------------------+------+
Table 1: Node SID Assignments
Table 1 illustrates this convention for Nodes 1, 2 and 3.
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6. Forwarding Plane
SRm6 Path from node B to node C
<------------------------>
SR Path SR Path
Ingress Egress
Node Node
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
|A|-->--//-->--|B|=====>=====//=====>=====|C|-->--//-->--|D|
+-+ +-+ +-+ +-+
Original Original
Packet Packet
Source Destination
Node Node
Figure 2: SRm6 Path As Tunnel
SRm6 is an application of IPv6 tunneling [RFC2473]. Figure 2
illustrates how an SRm6 ingress node receives an original packet,
encapsulates it in an SRm6 header, and forwards the resulting SRm6
packet through an SRm6 path to an SRm6 egress node. The SRm6 egress
node removes the SRm6 header and forwards the original packet to its
destination.
+----------------------------------//-----+
| Original | |
| | Original Packet Payload |
| Header | |
+----------------------------------//-----+
< Original Packet >
|
v
< SRm6 Header > < Original Packet >
+---------+ - - - - - +-------------------------//--------------+
| IPv6 | IPv6 | |
| | Extension | Original Packet |
| Header | Headers | |
+---------+ - - - - - +-------------------------//--------------+
< SRm6 Packet >
Figure 3: SRm6 Encapsulation
Figure 3 illustrates SRm6 encapsulation. In the figure, the SRm6
header contains:
* An IPv6 header.
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* One or more IPv6 extension headers.
The following rules govern the use of extension headers in the SRm6
header:
* The SRm6 header can contain any valid combination of extension
headers.
* Extension headers are arranged in the order recommended by
Section 4.1 of [RFC8200].
* Extension headers are processed in the order that the appear in
the packet, as described in Section 4.1 of [RFC8200].
* If the SR path contains multiple segments, the SID list is encoded
in a Compressed Routing Header (CRH)
[I-D.bonica-6man-comp-rtg-hdr].
* If the SRm6 header contains a PSSI, it is encoded in a Destination
Option header that precedes the CRH. Destination options will be
defined as needed.
* If the SRm6 header contains a PPSI, it is encoded in the IPv6
Tunnel Payload Forwarding (TPF) Option
[I-D.bonica-6man-vpn-dest-opt]. The TPF option appears in a
Destination Options header that immediately precedes the upper-
layer header.
Therefore, PSSI's are processed at each segment egress node, while
the PPSI is processed at the path egress node only.
An SRm6 header contains only the extension headers that it needs.
For example, an SRm6 header can contain:
* A CRH and a TPF Option - This packet traverses an SRm6 path that
contains multiple segments and executes a PPSI at the path egress
node.
* A CRH only - This packet traverses an SRm6 path that contains
multiple segments and does not execute a PPSI at the path egress
node.
* A TPF Option only - This packet traverses an SRm6 path that
contains a single segment and executes a PPSI at the path egress
node.
SRm6 inherits Hop Limit, traffic class and Flow Label processing
procedures from I [RFC2473].
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7. Control Plane
The following documents describe control plane extensions that
support the CRH and the TPF Option:
* IS-IS Support for CRH [I-D.bonica-lsr-crh-isis-extensions]
* BGP Support for the IPv6 TPF Option
[I-D.ssangli-idr-bgp-vpn-srv6-plus],
[I-D.alston-spring-crh-bgp-signalling]
8. Differences Between SRm6 and SRv6
8.1. Instruction Encoding
SRm6 encodes topological instructions in 16 or 32-bit SIDs that
appear in the CRH. It also encodes service instructions in IPv6
Destination Options.
SRv6 encodes all instructions in the low-order bits of the IPv6
Destination Address.
8.2. IPv6 Address Semantics
In SRm6 an IPv6 address always represents a network interface, as per
[RFC4291].
In SRv6, an IPv6 Destination Address can represent either of the
following:
* A network interface
* An SRv6 SID, whose high-order bits are used for routing and low-
order bits represent an instruction.
8.3. OAM
SRm6 does not require any new OAM mechanisms. Because SRv6 modifies
IPv6 address semantics, it requires the OAM mechanisms described in
[I-D.ietf-6man-spring-srv6-oam].
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8.4. Routing Extension Header Size
+======+========================+=============+=============+
| SIDs | SRv6 SRH (128-bit SID) | SRm6 CRH-16 | SRm6 CRH-32 |
+======+========================+=============+=============+
| 1 | 24 | 8 | 8 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 2 | 40 | 8 | 16 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 3 | 56 | 16 | 16 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 4 | 72 | 16 | 24 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 5 | 88 | 16 | 24 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 6 | 104 | 16 | 32 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 7 | 120 | 24 | 32 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 8 | 136 | 24 | 40 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 9 | 152 | 24 | 40 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 10 | 168 | 24 | 48 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 11 | 184 | 32 | 48 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 12 | 200 | 32 | 52 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 13 | 216 | 32 | 52 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 14 | 232 | 32 | 56 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 15 | 248 | 40 | 56 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 16 | 264 | 40 | 60 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 17 | 280 | 40 | 60 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
| 18 | 296 | 40 | 64 |
+------+------------------------+-------------+-------------+
Table 2: Routing Header Size (in Bytes) As A Function Of
Routing Header Type and Number Of SIDs
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SRv6 and SRm6 both encode path information in a Routing extension
header. SRv6 uses the Segment Routing Header (SRH) [RFC8754], while
SRm6 uses either the 16 or 32-bit version of the CRH. Table 2
reports Routing header size as a function of Routing header type and
number of SIDs contained by the Routing header. Due to their
relative immaturity,
[I-D.filsfils-spring-net-pgm-extension-srv6-usid],
[I-D.li-spring-compressed-srv6-np] and
[I-D.mirsky-6man-unified-id-sr] are omitted from this analysis.
Large Routing headers are undesirable for the following reasons:
* Many ASIC-based forwarders copy all headers from buffer memory to
on-chip memory. As header sizes increase, so does the cost of
this copy.
* Because Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) [RFC8201] is not entirely
reliable, many IPv6 hosts refrain from sending packets larger than
the IPv6 minimum link MTU (i.e., 1280 bytes). When packets are
small, the overhead imposed by large Routing Headers is excessive.
8.5. Authentication
An SRm6 packet can include any valid combination of IPv6 extension
headers. However, the IPv6 Authentication Header (AH) [RFC4302] is
not defined in SRv6.
9. IANA Considerations
This document does not request any actions by IANA.
10. Security Considerations
SRm6 inherits the security consideration of IPv6 tunneling [RFC2473],
the Compressed Routing Header (CRH) [I-D.bonica-6man-comp-rtg-hdr],
and the IPv6 Tunnel Payload Forwarding (TPF) Option
[I-D.bonica-6man-vpn-dest-opt].
11. Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Vanessa Ameen, Reji Thomas, Parag
Kaneriya, Rejesh Shetty, Nancy Shaw, and John Scudder.
12. References
12.1. Normative References
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[I-D.alston-spring-crh-bgp-signalling]
Alston, A., Henriques, D., and R. Bonica, "BGP Extensions
for IPv6 Compressed Routing Header (CRH)", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-alston-spring-crh-bgp-
signalling-01, 24 July 2019,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-alston-spring-crh-
bgp-signalling-01.txt>.
[I-D.bonica-6man-comp-rtg-hdr]
Bonica, R., Kamite, Y., Alston, A., Henriques, D., and L.
Jalil, "The IPv6 Compact Routing Header (CRH)", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-bonica-6man-comp-rtg-hdr-
26, 25 May 2021, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-
bonica-6man-comp-rtg-hdr-26.txt>.
[I-D.bonica-6man-vpn-dest-opt]
Bonica, R., Kamite, Y., Jalil, L., Zhou, Y., and G. Chen,
"The IPv6 Tunnel Payload Forwarding (TPF) Option", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-bonica-6man-vpn-dest-opt-
16, 26 July 2021, <https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-
bonica-6man-vpn-dest-opt-16.txt>.
[I-D.bonica-lsr-crh-isis-extensions]
Kaneriya, P., Shetty, R., Hegde, S., and R. Bonica, "IS-IS
Extensions To Support The IPv6 Compressed Routing Header
(CRH)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-bonica-
lsr-crh-isis-extensions-05, 30 August 2021,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-bonica-lsr-crh-
isis-extensions-05.txt>.
[I-D.ssangli-idr-bgp-vpn-srv6-plus]
Sangli, S. and R. Bonica, "BGP based Virtual Private
Network (VPN) Services over SRv6+ enabled IPv6 networks",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ssangli-idr-bgp-
vpn-srv6-plus-02, 22 July 2019,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ssangli-idr-bgp-
vpn-srv6-plus-02.txt>.
[RFC2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, DOI 10.17487/RFC2473,
December 1998, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2473>.
[RFC4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 4291, DOI 10.17487/RFC4291, February
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4291>.
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[RFC4443] Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 89,
RFC 4443, DOI 10.17487/RFC4443, March 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4443>.
[RFC8200] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.
[RFC8402] Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.
[RFC8754] Filsfils, C., Ed., Dukes, D., Ed., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
Matsushima, S., and D. Voyer, "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
(SRH)", RFC 8754, DOI 10.17487/RFC8754, March 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8754>.
12.2. Informative References
[I-D.filsfils-spring-net-pgm-extension-srv6-usid]
Filsfils, C., Garvia, P. C., Cai, D., Voyer, D., Meilik,
I., Patel, K., Henderickx, W., Jonnalagadda, P., Melman,
D., Liu, Y., and J. Guichard, "Network Programming
extension: SRv6 uSID instruction", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-filsfils-spring-net-pgm-extension-
srv6-usid-11, 9 September 2021,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-filsfils-spring-
net-pgm-extension-srv6-usid-11.txt>.
[I-D.ietf-6man-spring-srv6-oam]
Ali, Z., Filsfils, C., Matsushima, S., Voyer, D., and M.
Chen, "Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
in Segment Routing Networks with IPv6 Data plane (SRv6)",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-6man-spring-
srv6-oam-11, 2 June 2021,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-6man-spring-
srv6-oam-11.txt>.
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[I-D.li-spring-compressed-srv6-np]
Li, Z., Li, C., Xie, C., LEE, K., Tian, H., Zhao, F.,
Guichard, J. N., Li, C., and S. Peng, "Compressed SRv6
Network Programming", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-li-spring-compressed-srv6-np-02, 25 February 2020,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-li-spring-
compressed-srv6-np-02.txt>.
[I-D.mirsky-6man-unified-id-sr]
Weiqiang, C., Mirsky, G., Shaofu, P., Aihua, L., and G. S.
Mishra, "Unified Identifier in IPv6 Segment Routing
Networks", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-mirsky-
6man-unified-id-sr-10, 25 September 2021,
<https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-mirsky-6man-
unified-id-sr-10.txt>.
[RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3031, January 2001,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3031>.
[RFC4302] Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4302, December 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4302>.
[RFC8201] McCann, J., Deering, S., Mogul, J., and R. Hinden, Ed.,
"Path MTU Discovery for IP version 6", STD 87, RFC 8201,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8201, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8201>.
[RFC8660] Bashandy, A., Ed., Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S.,
Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
Routing with the MPLS Data Plane", RFC 8660,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8660, December 2019,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8660>.
[RFC8986] Filsfils, C., Ed., Camarillo, P., Ed., Leddy, J., Voyer,
D., Matsushima, S., and Z. Li, "Segment Routing over IPv6
(SRv6) Network Programming", RFC 8986,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8986, February 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8986>.
Authors' Addresses
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Ron Bonica
Juniper Networks
Herndon, Virginia 20171
United States of America
Email: rbonica@juniper.net
Shraddha Hegde
Juniper Networks
Embassy Business Park
Bangalore 560093
KA
India
Email: shraddha@juniper.net
Yuji Kamite
NTT Communications Corporation
3-4-1 Shibaura, Minato-ku,
108-8118
Japan
Email: y.kamite@ntt.com
Andrew Alston
Liquid Telecom
Nairobi
Kenya
Email: Andrew.Alston@liquidtelecom.com
Daniam Henriques
Liquid Telecom
Johannesburg
South Africa
Email: daniam.henriques@liquidtelecom.com
Luay Jalil
Verizon
Richardson, Texas
United States of America
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Email: luay.jalil@one.verizon.com
Joel Halpern
Ericsson
P. O. Box 6049
Leesburg, Virginia 20178
United States of America
Email: joel.halpern@ericsson.com
Jen Linkova
Google
Mountain View, California 94043
United States of America
Email: furry@google.com
Gang Chen
Baidu
No.10 Xibeiwang East Road Haidian District
Beijing
100193
P.R. China
Email: phdgang@gmail.com
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