Internet DRAFT - draft-fett-oauth-selective-disclosure-jwt
draft-fett-oauth-selective-disclosure-jwt
Web Authorization Protocol D. Fett
Internet-Draft yes.com
Intended status: Standards Track K. Yasuda
Expires: 12 January 2023 Microsoft
11 July 2022
Selective Disclosure JWT (SD-JWT)
draft-fett-oauth-selective-disclosure-jwt-02
Abstract
This document specifies conventions for creating JSON Web Token (JWT)
documents that support selective disclosure of JWT claim values.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 12 January 2023.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. Creating an SD-JWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. Creating an SD-JWT Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. Optional Holder Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.4. Verifying an SD-JWT Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. Format of an SD-JWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1.1. sd_digests Claim (Digests of Selectively Disclosable
Claims) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1.2. Hash Function Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1.3. Holder Public Key Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2. Example 1: SD-JWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.3. Format of a SD-JWT Salt/Value Container (SVC) . . . . . . 11
5.4. Example: SVC for the Flat SD-JWT in Example 1 . . . . . . 11
5.5. Sending SD-JWT and SVC during Issuance . . . . . . . . . 11
5.6. Format of an SD-JWT Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.7. Example: SD-JWT Release for Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.8. Sending SD-JWT and SD-JWT-R during Presentation . . . . . 14
6. Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.1. Verification by the Holder when Receiving SD-JWT and
SVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.2. Verification by the Verifier when Receiving SD-JWT and
SD-JWT-R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.1. Mandatory hash computation of the revealed claim values by
the Verifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.2. Mandatory signing of the SD-JWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.3. Entropy and Uniqueness of the salt . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.4. Minimum length of the salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.5. Choice of a hash function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.6. Holder Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8. Privacy Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.1. Claim Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2. Unlinkability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
12. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Appendix A. Additional Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A.1. Example 2 - Structured SD-JWT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A.2. Example 3 - Complex Structured SD-JWT . . . . . . . . . . 22
A.3. Example 4 - W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model . . . . 27
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Appendix B. Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1. Introduction
The JSON-based claims in a signed JSON Web Token (JWT) [RFC7519]
document are secured against modification using JSON Web Signature
(JWS) [RFC7515] digital signatures. A consumer of a signed JWT
document that has checked the document's signature can safely assume
that the contents of the document have not been modified. However,
anyone receiving an unencrypted JWT can read all of the claims and
likewise, anyone with the decryption key receiving an encrypted JWT
can also read all of the claims.
This document describes a format for signed JWTs that supports
selective disclosure (SD-JWT), enabling sharing only a subset of the
claims included in the original signed JWT instead of releasing all
the claims to every verifier. During issuance, an SD-JWT is sent
from the issuer to the holder alongside an SD-JWT Salt/Value
Container (SVC), a JSON object that contains the mapping between raw
claim values contained in the SD-JWT and the salts for each claim
value.
This document also defines a format for SD-JWT Releases (SD-JWT-R),
which convey a subset of the claim values of an SD-JWT to the
verifier. For presentation, the holder creates an SD-JWT-R and sends
it together with the SD-JWT to the verifier. To verify claim values
received in SD-JWT-R, the verifier uses the salts values in the SD-
JWT-R to compute the hash digests of the claim values and compare
them to the ones in the SD-JWT.
One of the common use cases of a signed JWT is representing a user's
identity created by an issuer. As long as the signed JWT is one-time
use, it typically only contains those claims the user has consented
to release to a specific verifier. However, when a signed JWT is
intended to be multi-use, it needs to contain the superset of all
claims the user might want to release to verifiers at some point.
The ability to selectively disclose a subset of these claims
depending on the verifier becomes crucial to ensure minimum
disclosure and prevent verifiers from obtaining claims irrelevant for
the transaction at hand.
One example of such a multi-use JWT is a verifiable credential, a
tamper-evident credential with a cryptographically verifiable
authorship that contains claims about a subject. SD-JWTs defined in
this document enable such selective disclosure of claims.
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While JWTs for claims describing natural persons are a common use
case, the mechanisms defined in this document can be used for many
other use cases as well.
This document also describes holder binding, or the concept of
binding SD-JWT to key material controlled by the subject of SD-JWT.
Holder binding is optional to implement.
1.1. Conventions and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
*base64url* denotes the URL-safe base64 encoding without padding
defined in Section 2 of [RFC7515].
2. Terms and Definitions
Selective Disclosure JWT (SD-JWT) A JWT [RFC7515] created by the
issuer, which is signed as a JWS [RFC7515], that supports
selective disclosure as defined in this document.
SD-JWT Salt/Value Container (SVC) A JSON object created by the
issuer that contains mapping between raw claim values contained in
the SD-JWT and the salts for each claim value.
SD-JWT Release (SD-JWT-R) A JWT created by the holder that contains
a subset of the claim values of an SD-JWT in a verifiable way.
Holder binding Ability of the holder to prove legitimate possession
of SD-JWT by proving control over the same private key during the
issuance and presentation. SD-JWT signed by the issuer contains a
public key or a reference to a public key that matches to the
private key controlled by the holder.
Issuer An entity that creates SD-JWTs (2.1).
Holder An entity that received SD-JWTs (2.1) from the issuer and has
control over them.
Verifier An entity that requests, checks and extracts the claims
from SD-JWT-R (2.2)
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Note: discuss if we want to include Client, Authorization Server for
the purpose of ensuring continuity and separating the entity from the
actor.
3. Flow Diagram
+------------+
| |
| Issuer |
| |
+------------+
|
Issues
SD-JWT and SVC
|
v
+------------+
| |
| Holder |
| |
+------------+
|
Presents
SD-JWT-R and SD-JWT
|
v
+-------------+
| |+
| Verifiers ||+
| |||
+-------------+||
+-------------+|
+-------------+
Figure 1: SD-JWT Issuance and Presentation Flow
4. Concepts
In the following, the contents of SD-JWTs and SD-JWT Releases are
described at a conceptual level, abstracting from the data formats
described afterwards.
4.1. Creating an SD-JWT
An SD-JWT, at its core, is a digitally signed document containing
hash digests over the claim values with unique random salts and other
metadata. It MUST be digitally signed using the issuer's private
key.
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SD-JWT-DOC = (METADATA, SD-CLAIMS)
SD-JWT = SD-JWT-DOC | SIG(SD-JWT-DOC, ISSUER-PRIV-KEY)
SD-CLAIMS can be a simple object with claim names mapped to hash
digests over the claim values with unique random salts:
SD-CLAIMS = (
CLAIM-NAME: HASH(SALT | CLAIM-VALUE)
)*
SD-CLAIMS can also be nested deeper to capture more complex objects,
as will be shown later.
SD-JWT is sent from the issuer to the holder, together with the
mapping of the plain-text claim values, the salt values, and
potentially some other information.
4.2. Creating an SD-JWT Release
To disclose to a verifier a subset of the SD-JWT claim values, a
holder creates a JWT such as the following:
SD-JWT-RELEASE-DOC = (METADATA, SD-RELEASES)
SD-JWT-RELEASE = SD-JWT-RELEASE-DOC
SD-RELEASES follows the structure of SD-CLAIMS and can be a simple
object with claim names mapped to values and salts:
SD-RELEASES = (
CLAIM-NAME: (DISCLOSED-SALT, DISCLOSED-VALUE)
)
Just as SD-CLAIMS, SD-RELEASES can be more complex as well.
SD-JWT-RELEASE is sent together with SD-JWT from the holder to the
verifier.
4.3. Optional Holder Binding
Some use-cases may require holder binding.
If holder binding is desired, SD-JWT must contain information about
key material controlled by the holder:
SD-JWT-DOC = (METADATA, HOLDER-PUBLIC-KEY, SD-CLAIMS)
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Note: How the public key is included in SD-JWT is out of scope of
this document. It can be passed by value or by reference. Examples
in this document use sub_jwk Claim to include raw public key by value
in SD-JWT.
With holder binding, the SD-JWT-RELEASE is signed by the holder using
its private key. It therefore looks as follows:
SD-JWT-RELEASE = SD-JWT-RELEASE-DOC | SIG(SD-JWT-RELEASE-DOC, HOLDER-PRIV-KEY)
4.4. Verifying an SD-JWT Release
A verifier checks that
* for each claim in SD-JWT-RELEASE, the hash digest HASH(DISCLOSED-
SALT | DISCLOSED-VALUE) matches the one under the given claim name
in SD-JWT.
* if holder binding is used, the SD-JWT-RELEASE was signed by the
private key belonging to HOLDER-PUBLIC-KEY.
The detailed algorithm is described below.
5. Data Formats
This section defines data formats for SD-JWTs (containing hash
digests of the salted claim values), SD-JWT Salt/Value Containers
(containing the mapping of the plain-text claim values and the salt
values), and SD-JWT Releases (containing a subset of the same
mapping).
5.1. Format of an SD-JWT
An SD-JWT is a JWT that MUST be signed using the issuer's private
key. The payload of an SD-JWT MUST contain the sd_digests and
hash_alg claims described in the following, and MAY contain a
holder's public key or a reference thereto, as well as further claims
such as iss, iat, etc. as defined or required by the application
using SD-JWTs.
5.1.1. sd_digests Claim (Digests of Selectively Disclosable Claims)
An SD-JWT MUST include hash digests of the salted claim values that
are included by the issuer under the property sd_digests.
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The issuer MUST choose a unique and cryptographically random salt
value for each claim value. Each salt value SHOULD contain at least
128 bits of pseudorandom data, making it hard for an attacker to
guess. The salt value MUST then be encoded as a string. It is
RECOMMENDED to base64url-encode the salt value.
The issuer MUST build the digests by hashing over a string that is
formed by JSON-encoding an ordered array containing the salt and the
claim value, e.g.: ["6qMQvRL5haj","Peter"]. The digest value is then
base64url-encoded. Note that the precise JSON encoding can vary, and
therefore, the JSON encodings MUST be sent to the holder along with
the SD-JWT, as described below.
5.1.1.1. Flat and Structured sd_digests objects
The sd_digests object can be a 'flat' object, directly containing all
claim names and hashed claim values without any deeper structure.
The sd_digests object can also be a 'structured' object, where some
claims and their respective hash digests are contained in places
deeper in the structure. It is at the issuer's discretion whether to
use a 'flat' or 'structured' sd_digests SD-JWT object, and how to
structure it such that it is suitable for the use case.
Example 1 below is a non-normative example of an SD-JWT using a
'flat' sd_digests object and Example 2 in the appendix shows a non-
normative example of an SD-JWT using a 'structured' sd_digests
object. The difference between the examples is how the address claim
is disclosed.
Appendix 2 shows a more complex example using claims from eKYC (todo:
reference).
5.1.2. Hash Function Claim
The claim hash_alg indicates the hash algorithm used by the Issuer to
generate the hashes of the salted claim values. The hash algorithm
identifier MUST be a value from the "Hash Name String" column in the
IANA "Named Information Hash Algorithm" registry
[IANA.Hash.Algorithms]. SD-JWTs with hash algorithm identifiers not
found in this registry are not considered valid and MUST NOT be
accepted by verifiers.
5.1.3. Holder Public Key Claim
If the issuer wants to enable holder binding, it MAY include a public
key associated with the holder, or a reference thereto.
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It is out of the scope of this document to describe how the holder
key pair is established. For example, the holder MAY provide a key
pair to the issuer, the issuer MAY create the key pair for the
holder, or holder and issuer MAY use pre-established key material.
Note: need to define how holder public key is included, right now
examples are using sub_jwk I think.
5.2. Example 1: SD-JWT
This example and Example 2 in the appendix use the following object
as the set of claims that the Issuer is issuing:
{
"sub": "6c5c0a49-b589-431d-bae7-219122a9ec2c",
"given_name": "John",
"family_name": "Doe",
"email": "johndoe@example.com",
"phone_number": "+1-202-555-0101",
"address": {
"street_address": "123 Main St",
"locality": "Anytown",
"region": "Anystate",
"country": "US"
},
"birthdate": "1940-01-01"
}
The following non-normative example shows the payload of an SD-JWT.
The issuer is using a flat structure, i.e., all of the claims the
address claim can only be disclosed in full.
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{
"iss": "https://example.com/issuer",
"sub_jwk": {
"kty": "RSA",
"n": "pm4bOHBg-oYhAyPWzR56AWX3rUIXp11_ICDkGgS6W3ZWLts-hzwI3x65659kg4hVo9dbGoCJE3ZGF_eaetE30UhBUEgpGwrDrQiJ9zqprmcFfr3qvvkGjtth8Zgl1eM2bJcOwE7PCBHWTKWYs152R7g6Jg2OVph-a8rq-q79MhKG5QoW_mTz10QT_6H4c7PjWG1fjh8hpWNnbP_pv6d1zSwZfc5fl6yVRL0DV0V3lGHKe2Wqf_eNGjBrBLVklDTk8-stX_MWLcR-EGmXAOv0UBWitS_dXJKJu-vXJyw14nHSGuxTIK2hx1pttMft9CsvqimXKeDTU14qQL1eE7ihcw",
"e": "AQAB"
},
"iat": 1516239022,
"exp": 1516247022,
"hash_alg": "sha-256",
"sd_digests": {
"sub": "z4xgEco94diTaSruISPiE7o_wtmcOfnH_8R7X9Pa578",
"given_name": "PvU7cWjuHUq6w-i9XFpQZhjT-uprQL3GH3mKsAJl0e0",
"family_name": "H-Relr4cEBMlenyK1gvyx16QVpnt4MEclT5tP0aTLFU",
"email": "ET2A1JQLF85ZpBulh6UFstGrSfR4B3KM-bjQVllhxqY",
"phone_number": "SJnciB2DIRVA5cXBrdKoH6n45788mZyUn2rnv74uMVU",
"address": "0FldqLfGnERPPVDC17od9xb4w3iRJTEQbW_Yk9AmnDw",
"birthdate": "-L0kMgIbLXe3OEkKTUGwz_QKhjehDeofKGwoPrxLuo4"
}
}
The SD-JWT is then signed by the issuer to create a document like the
following:
eyJhbGciOiAiUlMyNTYiLCAia2lkIjogImNBRUlVcUowY21MekQxa3pHemhlaUJhZzBZUk
F6VmRsZnhOMjgwTmdIYUEifQ.eyJpc3MiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9leGFtcGxlLmNvbS9pc3N1Z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.TSxRFVMl
Nlt_drWLqQuzz9Sc19Bo5r-cgXZ0to8PfadImEJuPbhfkxCSt1xCT5IWQJrD6p_47h8Ac-
5yOtuu8s-wxrQzCUAU7OS2ThQGKiDKsGv0oiH3KQX4QyCAOIIaWOLxO6VQRxI7Kn6RFT0M
5jQxBNFmL582n_uJR31ANBO45Jc_pgp4iSTn2vf1lxxwU7B3bgrad0vHmvwmv1lu17Ov79
SGmT_fTjoybIJfHavTq61xCJ3UrMAGCEqm-_laOTxB1HRbPF38va0iuhqSSk2QaUpfDsVb
9VsPBVIx_MsGlK3kYUWcHzkJ0BBPIVu0xnVcLkg1_SO_5gPSxFWZ4g
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(Line breaks for presentation only.)
5.3. Format of a SD-JWT Salt/Value Container (SVC)
Besides the SD-JWT itself, the holder needs to learn the raw claim
values that are contained in the SD-JWT, along with the precise input
to the hash calculation, and the salts. There MAY be other
information the issuer needs to communicate to the holder, such as a
private key if the issuer selected the holder key pair.
A SD-JWT Salt/Value Container (SVC) is a JSON object containing at
least the top-level property sd_release. Its structure mirrors the
one of sd_digests in the SD-JWT, but the values are the inputs to the
hash calculations the issuer used, as strings.
The SVC MAY contain further properties, for example, to transport the
holder private key.
5.4. Example: SVC for the Flat SD-JWT in Example 1
The SVC for Example 1 is as follows:
{
"sd_release": {
"sub": "[\"2GLC42sKQveCfGfryNRN9w\", \"6c5c0a49-b589-431d-bae7-219122a9ec2c\"]",
"given_name": "[\"eluV5Og3gSNII8EYnsxA_A\", \"John\"]",
"family_name": "[\"6Ij7tM-a5iVPGboS5tmvVA\", \"Doe\"]",
"email": "[\"eI8ZWm9QnKPpNPeNenHdhQ\", \"johndoe@example.com\"]",
"phone_number": "[\"Qg_O64zqAxe412a108iroA\", \"+1-202-555-0101\"]",
"address": "[\"AJx-095VPrpTtN4QMOqROA\", {\"street_address\": \"123 Main St\", \"locality\": \"Anytown\", \"region\": \"Anystate\", \"country\": \"US\"}]",
"birthdate": "[\"Pc33JM2LchcU_lHggv_ufQ\", \"1940-01-01\"]"
}
}
Important: As described above, hash digests are calculated over the
string formed by serializing a JSON array containing the salt and the
claim value. This ensures that issuer and verifier use the same
input to their hash functions and avoids issues with canonicalization
of JSON values that would lead to different hash digests. The SVC
therefore maps claim names to JSON-encoded arrays.
5.5. Sending SD-JWT and SVC during Issuance
For transporting the SVC together with the SD-JWT from the issuer to
the holder, the SVC is base64url-encoded and appended to the SD-JWT
using a period character . as the separator.
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The SVC and SD-JWT are implicitly linked through the hash values of
the claims in the SVC that is included in the SD-JWT. To ensure that
the correct SVC and SD-JWT pairings are being used, the holder SHOULD
verify the binding between SVC and SD-JWT as defined in the
Verification Section of this document.
For Example 1, the combined format looks as follows:
eyJhbGciOiAiUlMyNTYiLCAia2lkIjogImNBRUlVcUowY21MekQxa3pHemhlaUJhZzBZUk
F6VmRsZnhOMjgwTmdIYUEifQ.eyJpc3MiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9leGFtcGxlLmNvbS9pc3N1Z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.TSxRFVMl
Nlt_drWLqQuzz9Sc19Bo5r-cgXZ0to8PfadImEJuPbhfkxCSt1xCT5IWQJrD6p_47h8Ac-
5yOtuu8s-wxrQzCUAU7OS2ThQGKiDKsGv0oiH3KQX4QyCAOIIaWOLxO6VQRxI7Kn6RFT0M
5jQxBNFmL582n_uJR31ANBO45Jc_pgp4iSTn2vf1lxxwU7B3bgrad0vHmvwmv1lu17Ov79
SGmT_fTjoybIJfHavTq61xCJ3UrMAGCEqm-_laOTxB1HRbPF38va0iuhqSSk2QaUpfDsVb
9VsPBVIx_MsGlK3kYUWcHzkJ0BBPIVu0xnVcLkg1_SO_5gPSxFWZ4g.eyJzZF9yZWxlYXN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(Line breaks for presentation only.)
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5.6. Format of an SD-JWT Release
SD-JWT-R contains claim values and the salts of the claims that the
holder has consented to release to the Verifier. This enables the
Verifier to verify the claims received from the holder by computing
the hash digests of the claim values and the salts revealed in the
SD-JWT-R using the hashing algorithm specified in SD-JWT and
comparing them to the hash digests included in SD-JWT.
For each claim, an array of the salt and the claim value is contained
in the sd_release object. The structure of sd_release object in the
SD-JWT-R is the same as in SD-JWT.
The SD-JWT-R MAY contain further claims, for example, to ensure a
binding to a concrete transaction (in the example the nonce and aud
claims).
When the holder sends the SD-JWT-R to the Verifier, the SD-JWT-R MUST
be a JWS represented as the JWS Compact Serialization as described in
Section 7.1 of [RFC7515].
If holder binding is desired, the SD-JWT-R is signed by the holder.
If no holder binding is to be used, the none algorithm is used, i.e.,
the document is not signed. TODO: Change to plain base64 to avoid
alg=none issues
5.7. Example: SD-JWT Release for Example 1
The following is a non-normative example of the contents of an SD-
JWT-R for Example 1:
{
"nonce": "XZOUco1u_gEPknxS78sWWg",
"aud": "https://example.com/verifier",
"sd_release": {
"given_name": "[\"eluV5Og3gSNII8EYnsxA_A\", \"John\"]",
"family_name": "[\"6Ij7tM-a5iVPGboS5tmvVA\", \"Doe\"]",
"address": "[\"AJx-095VPrpTtN4QMOqROA\", {\"street_address\": \"123 Main St\", \"locality\": \"Anytown\", \"region\": \"Anystate\", \"country\": \"US\"}]"
}
}
For each claim, an array of the salt and the claim value is contained
in the sd_release object.
Again, the SD-JWT-R follows the same structure as the sd_digests in
the SD-JWT.
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Below is a non-normative example of a representation of the SD-JWT-R
JWS Compact Serialization:
eyJhbGciOiAiUlMyNTYiLCAia2lkIjogIkxkeVRYd0F5ZnJpcjRfVjZORzFSYzEwVThKZE
xZVHJFQktKaF9oNWlfclUifQ.eyJub25jZSI6ICJYWk9VY28xdV9nRVBrbnhTNzhzV1dnI
iwgImF1ZCI6ICJodHRwczovL2V4YW1wbGUuY29tL3ZlcmlmaWVyIiwgInNkX3JlbGVhc2U
iOiB7ImdpdmVuX25hbWUiOiAiW1wiZWx1VjVPZzNnU05JSThFWW5zeEFfQVwiLCBcIkpva
G5cIl0iLCAiZmFtaWx5X25hbWUiOiAiW1wiNklqN3RNLWE1aVZQR2JvUzV0bXZWQVwiLCB
cIkRvZVwiXSIsICJhZGRyZXNzIjogIltcIkFKeC0wOTVWUHJwVHRONFFNT3FST0FcIiwge
1wic3RyZWV0X2FkZHJlc3NcIjogXCIxMjMgTWFpbiBTdFwiLCBcImxvY2FsaXR5XCI6IFw
iQW55dG93blwiLCBcInJlZ2lvblwiOiBcIkFueXN0YXRlXCIsIFwiY291bnRyeVwiOiBcI
lVTXCJ9XSJ9fQ.j5jtArW1QDK1BNM13sJbQaE00GsAhhiPRYi6oK-iJRtLWE6DAgcWxDir
TvxTnuo7Mbb6gSqGTmdEEtmscWxweFfGQoddObPTDiapjWiR1bUMMqPDKNNkRe0CBkU-pW
ieYWN-fQxlRa4BKUqs18jcvGtTGA8Ye-i6t2xLROeXf2U_Seko8b7MQWIFHdbc0LvEFt_-
JAcqeshH5wjVkwhHofVuZq1vGLlINKBveKA2dmn6wuEzi6XRceTwFrG_hTECagfobdO-bY
MF3FSiCQM2KxC_6_aLApYo0aH3zjBv9rm0qNmnL_JGN5FIu6YqwhvPzfdsfkjMd68o8LTW
d7F6kQ
(Line breaks for presentation only.)
5.8. Sending SD-JWT and SD-JWT-R during Presentation
The SD-JWT and the SD-JWT-R can be combined into one document using
period character . as a separator (here for Example 1):
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eyJhbGciOiAiUlMyNTYiLCAia2lkIjogImNBRUlVcUowY21MekQxa3pHemhlaUJhZzBZUk
F6VmRsZnhOMjgwTmdIYUEifQ.eyJpc3MiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9leGFtcGxlLmNvbS9pc3N1Z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.TSxRFVMl
Nlt_drWLqQuzz9Sc19Bo5r-cgXZ0to8PfadImEJuPbhfkxCSt1xCT5IWQJrD6p_47h8Ac-
5yOtuu8s-wxrQzCUAU7OS2ThQGKiDKsGv0oiH3KQX4QyCAOIIaWOLxO6VQRxI7Kn6RFT0M
5jQxBNFmL582n_uJR31ANBO45Jc_pgp4iSTn2vf1lxxwU7B3bgrad0vHmvwmv1lu17Ov79
SGmT_fTjoybIJfHavTq61xCJ3UrMAGCEqm-_laOTxB1HRbPF38va0iuhqSSk2QaUpfDsVb
9VsPBVIx_MsGlK3kYUWcHzkJ0BBPIVu0xnVcLkg1_SO_5gPSxFWZ4g.eyJhbGciOiAiUlM
yNTYiLCAia2lkIjogIkxkeVRYd0F5ZnJpcjRfVjZORzFSYzEwVThKZExZVHJFQktKaF9oN
WlfclUifQ.eyJub25jZSI6ICJYWk9VY28xdV9nRVBrbnhTNzhzV1dnIiwgImF1ZCI6ICJo
dHRwczovL2V4YW1wbGUuY29tL3ZlcmlmaWVyIiwgInNkX3JlbGVhc2UiOiB7ImdpdmVuX2
5hbWUiOiAiW1wiZWx1VjVPZzNnU05JSThFWW5zeEFfQVwiLCBcIkpvaG5cIl0iLCAiZmFt
aWx5X25hbWUiOiAiW1wiNklqN3RNLWE1aVZQR2JvUzV0bXZWQVwiLCBcIkRvZVwiXSIsIC
JhZGRyZXNzIjogIltcIkFKeC0wOTVWUHJwVHRONFFNT3FST0FcIiwge1wic3RyZWV0X2Fk
ZHJlc3NcIjogXCIxMjMgTWFpbiBTdFwiLCBcImxvY2FsaXR5XCI6IFwiQW55dG93blwiLC
BcInJlZ2lvblwiOiBcIkFueXN0YXRlXCIsIFwiY291bnRyeVwiOiBcIlVTXCJ9XSJ9fQ.j
5jtArW1QDK1BNM13sJbQaE00GsAhhiPRYi6oK-iJRtLWE6DAgcWxDirTvxTnuo7Mbb6gSq
GTmdEEtmscWxweFfGQoddObPTDiapjWiR1bUMMqPDKNNkRe0CBkU-pWieYWN-fQxlRa4BK
Uqs18jcvGtTGA8Ye-i6t2xLROeXf2U_Seko8b7MQWIFHdbc0LvEFt_-JAcqeshH5wjVkwh
HofVuZq1vGLlINKBveKA2dmn6wuEzi6XRceTwFrG_hTECagfobdO-bYMF3FSiCQM2KxC_6
_aLApYo0aH3zjBv9rm0qNmnL_JGN5FIu6YqwhvPzfdsfkjMd68o8LTWd7F6kQ
(Line breaks for presentation only.)
6. Verification
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6.1. Verification by the Holder when Receiving SD-JWT and SVC
The holder SHOULD verify the binding between SD-JWT and SVC by
performing the following steps: 1. Check that all the claims in the
SVC are present in the SD-JWT and that there are no claims in the SD-
JWT that are not in the SVC 2. Check that the hashes of the claims
in the SVC match those in the SD-JWT
6.2. Verification by the Verifier when Receiving SD-JWT and SD-JWT-R
Verifiers MUST follow [RFC8725] for checking the SD-JWT and, if
signed, the SD-JWT Release.
Verifiers MUST go through (at least) the following steps before
trusting/using any of the contents of an SD-JWT:
1. Determine if holder binding is to be checked for the SD-JWT.
Refer to Section 7.6 for details.
2. Check that the presentation consists of six period-separated (.)
elements; if holder binding is not required, the last element can
be empty.
3. Separate the SD-JWT from the SD-JWT Release.
4. Validate the SD-JWT:
1. Ensure that a signing algorithm was used that was deemed
secure for the application. Refer to [RFC8725], Sections 3.1
and 3.2 for details.
2. Validate the signature over the SD-JWT.
3. Validate the issuer of the SD-JWT and that the signing key
belongs to this issuer.
4. Check that the SD-JWT is valid using nbf, iat, and exp
claims, if provided in the SD-JWT.
5. Check that the claim sd_digests is present in the SD-JWT.
6. Check that the hash_alg claim is present and its value is
understand and the hash algorithm is deemed secure.
5. Validate the SD-JWT Release:
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1. If holder binding is required, validate the signature over
the SD-JWT using the same steps as for the SD-JWT plus the
following steps:
1. Determine that the public key for the private key that
used to sign the SD-JWT-R is bound to the SD-JWT, i.e.,
the SD-JWT either contains a reference to the public key
or contains the public key itself.
2. Determine that the SD-JWT-R is bound to the current
transaction and was created for this verifier (replay
protection). This is usually achieved by a nonce and aud
field within the SD-JWT Release.
2. For each claim in the SD-JWT Release:
1. Ensure that the claim is present as well in sd_release in
the SD-JWT. If sd_release is structured, the claim MUST
be present at the same place within the structure.
2. Compute the base64url-encoded hash of a claim revealed
from the Holder using the claim value and the salt
included in the SD-JWT-R and the hash_alg in SD-JWT.
3. Compare the hash digests computed in the previous step
with the one of the same claim in the SD-JWT. Accept the
claim only when the two hash digests match.
4. Ensure that the claim value in the SD-JWT-R is a JSON-
encoded array of exactly two values.
5. Store the second of the two values.
3. Once all necessary claims have been verified, their values
can be validated and used according to the requirements of
the application. It MUST be ensured that all claims required
for the application have been released.
If any step fails, the input is not valid and processing MUST be
aborted.
7. Security Considerations
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7.1. Mandatory hash computation of the revealed claim values by the
Verifier
ToDo: add text explaining mechanisms that should be adopted to ensure
that verifiers validate the claim values received in SD-JWT-R by
calculating the hashes of those values and comparing them with the
hashes in the SD-JWT: - create a test suite that forces hash
computation by the Verifiers, and includes negative test cases in
test vectors - use only implementations/libraries that are compliant
to the test suite - etc.
7.2. Mandatory signing of the SD-JWT
The SD-JWT MUST be signed by the issuer to protect integrity of the
issued claims. An attacker can modify or add claims if an SD-JWT is
not signed (e.g., change the "email" attribute to take over the
victim's account or add an attribute indicating a fake academic
qualification).
The verifier MUST always check the SD-JWT signature to ensure that
the SD-JWT has not been tampered with since its issuance. If the
signature on the SD-JWT cannot be verified, the SD-JWT MUST be
rejected.
7.3. Entropy and Uniqueness of the salt
The security model relies on the fact that the salt is not learned or
guessed by the attacker. It is vitally important to adhere to this
principle. As such, the salt MUST be created in such a manner that
it is cryptographically random, long enough and has high entropy that
it is not practical for the attacker to guess. Each salt value MUST
be unique.
7.4. Minimum length of the salt
The length of the randomly-generated portion of the salt MUST be at
least 128 bits.
7.5. Choice of a hash function
For the security of this scheme, the hash function is required to be
preimage and collision resistant, i.e., it is infeasible to calculate
the salt and claim value that result in a particular digest, and it
is infeasible to find a different salt and claim value pair that
result in a matching digest, respectively.
Furthermore the hash algorithms MD2, MD4, MD5, RIPEMD-160, and SHA-1
revealed fundamental weaknesses and they MUST NOT be used.
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7.6. Holder Binding
TBD
8. Privacy Considerations
8.1. Claim Names
Claim names are not hashed in the SD-JWT and are used as keys in a
key-value pair, where the value is the hash. This is because SD-JWT
already reveals information about the issuer and the schema, and
revealing the claim names does not provide any additional
information.
8.2. Unlinkability
Colluding issuer/verifier or verifier/verifier pairs could link
issuance/presentation or two presentation sessions to the same user
on the basis of unique values encoded in the SD-JWT (issuer
signature, salts, digests, etc.). More advanced cryptographic
schemes, outside the scope of this specification, can be used to
prevent this type of linkability.
9. Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Alen Horvat, Brian Campbell, Christian Paquin,
Fabian Hauck, Giuseppe De Marco, Kushal Das, Mike Jones, Nat
Sakimura, Pieter Kasselman, and Torsten Lodderstedt for their
contributions (some of which substantial) to this draft and to the
initial set of implementations.
The work on this draft was started at OAuth Security Workshop 2022 in
Trondheim, Norway.
10. IANA Considerations
TBD
11. Normative References
[RFC7519] Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token
(JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, May 2015,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7519>.
[RFC7515] Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web
Signature (JWS)", RFC 7515, DOI 10.17487/RFC7515, May
2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7515>.
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
12. Informative References
[RFC8725] Sheffer, Y., Hardt, D., and M. Jones, "JSON Web Token Best
Current Practices", BCP 225, RFC 8725,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8725, February 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8725>.
[VC_DATA] Sporny, M., Noble, G., Longley, D., Burnett, D. C.,
Zundel, B., and D. Chadwick, "Verifiable Credentials Data
Model 1.0", 19 November 2019,
<https://www.w3.org/TR/vc_data>.
Appendix A. Additional Examples
A.1. Example 2 - Structured SD-JWT
This non-normative example is based on the same claim values as
Example 1, but this time the issuer decided to create a structured
object for the hashes. This allows for the release of individual
members of the address claim separately.
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{
"iss": "https://example.com/issuer",
"sub_jwk": {
"kty": "RSA",
"n": "pm4bOHBg-oYhAyPWzR56AWX3rUIXp11_ICDkGgS6W3ZWLts-hzwI3x65659kg4hVo9dbGoCJE3ZGF_eaetE30UhBUEgpGwrDrQiJ9zqprmcFfr3qvvkGjtth8Zgl1eM2bJcOwE7PCBHWTKWYs152R7g6Jg2OVph-a8rq-q79MhKG5QoW_mTz10QT_6H4c7PjWG1fjh8hpWNnbP_pv6d1zSwZfc5fl6yVRL0DV0V3lGHKe2Wqf_eNGjBrBLVklDTk8-stX_MWLcR-EGmXAOv0UBWitS_dXJKJu-vXJyw14nHSGuxTIK2hx1pttMft9CsvqimXKeDTU14qQL1eE7ihcw",
"e": "AQAB"
},
"iat": 1516239022,
"exp": 1516247022,
"hash_alg": "sha-256",
"sd_digests": {
"sub": "Iuc2ft9sZwaw2yi_DZJKipiHMR_HbZP-5-WY8EKNqoA",
"given_name": "TemA6ZTvHYgNfC8nzPC1x8q-yQxp5FpZjz-GQlSuJm4",
"family_name": "Ro-RcqHFcflmKJ-YTnpL_roVgljLLJZuMoKiT714TpM",
"email": "61L69IeXAGZxaWJocXvcou9-07PS8Ows4HNFO1tWqcg",
"phone_number": "7WMDBVSk7vrJ4lBG0U6ze_5aCsK9N1UZD5Pwc1knOGY",
"address": {
"street_address": "O3YCyDFQkM4JdjRHWL78j_Z9Voi3RSYw3VBU0VJ4Lkk",
"locality": "BhZ5ZsxM39vej8aWP1l3_VdK6ErWIgaRsOBhiigsarc",
"region": "sns2ezJN5JHUPAvzSwxFIwPj_PrQbeiBGZujbwOYuJo",
"country": "rf-11mZmiYQOM7jRKqgNqqk_Zk1RbQJv7VVi9q2uU80"
},
"birthdate": "_gsBVx70--mLOaPOrl8POf5Vr3Coubg2yiz5pMrOLDc"
}
}
The SVC for this SD-JWT is as follows:
{
"sd_release": {
"sub": "[\"G02NSrQfjFXQ7Io09syajA\", \"6c5c0a49-b589-431d-bae7-219122a9ec2c\"]",
"given_name": "[\"lklxF5jMYlGTPUovMNIvCA\", \"John\"]",
"family_name": "[\"nPuoQnkRFq3BIeAm7AnXFA\", \"Doe\"]",
"email": "[\"5bPs1IquZNa0hkaFzzzZNw\", \"johndoe@example.com\"]",
"phone_number": "[\"5a2W0_NrlEZzfqmk_7Pq-w\", \"+1-202-555-0101\"]",
"address": {
"street_address": "[\"y1sVU5wdfJahVdgwPgS7RQ\", \"123 Main St\"]",
"locality": "[\"HbQ4X8srVW3QDxnIJdqyOA\", \"Anytown\"]",
"region": "[\"C9GSoujviJquEgYfojCb1A\", \"Anystate\"]",
"country": "[\"kx5kF17V-x0JmwUx9vgvtw\", \"US\"]"
},
"birthdate": "[\"H3o1uswP760Fi2yeGdVCEQ\", \"1940-01-01\"]"
}
}
An SD-JWT-R for the SD-JWT above that discloses only region and
country of the address property:
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{
"nonce": "XZOUco1u_gEPknxS78sWWg",
"aud": "https://example.com/verifier",
"sd_release": {
"given_name": "[\"lklxF5jMYlGTPUovMNIvCA\", \"John\"]",
"family_name": "[\"nPuoQnkRFq3BIeAm7AnXFA\", \"Doe\"]",
"birthdate": "[\"H3o1uswP760Fi2yeGdVCEQ\", \"1940-01-01\"]",
"address": {
"region": "[\"C9GSoujviJquEgYfojCb1A\", \"Anystate\"]",
"country": "[\"kx5kF17V-x0JmwUx9vgvtw\", \"US\"]"
}
}
}
A.2. Example 3 - Complex Structured SD-JWT
In this example, a complex object such as those used for OIDC4IDA
(todo reference) is used.
In this example, the Issuer is using a following object as a set of
claims to issue to the Holder:
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{
"verified_claims": {
"verification": {
"trust_framework": "de_aml",
"time": "2012-04-23T18:25Z",
"verification_process": "f24c6f-6d3f-4ec5-973e-b0d8506f3bc7",
"evidence": [
{
"type": "document",
"method": "pipp",
"time": "2012-04-22T11:30Z",
"document": {
"type": "idcard",
"issuer": {
"name": "Stadt Augsburg",
"country": "DE"
},
"number": "53554554",
"date_of_issuance": "2010-03-23",
"date_of_expiry": "2020-03-22"
}
}
]
},
"claims": {
"given_name": "Max",
"family_name": "Meier",
"birthdate": "1956-01-28",
"place_of_birth": {
"country": "DE",
"locality": "Musterstadt"
},
"nationalities": [
"DE"
],
"address": {
"locality": "Maxstadt",
"postal_code": "12344",
"country": "DE",
"street_address": "An der Weide 22"
}
}
},
"birth_middle_name": "Timotheus",
"salutation": "Dr.",
"msisdn": "49123456789"
}
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The following shows the resulting SD-JWT payload:
{
"iss": "https://example.com/issuer",
"sub_jwk": {
"kty": "RSA",
"n": "pm4bOHBg-oYhAyPWzR56AWX3rUIXp11_ICDkGgS6W3ZWLts-hzwI3x65659kg4hVo9dbGoCJE3ZGF_eaetE30UhBUEgpGwrDrQiJ9zqprmcFfr3qvvkGjtth8Zgl1eM2bJcOwE7PCBHWTKWYs152R7g6Jg2OVph-a8rq-q79MhKG5QoW_mTz10QT_6H4c7PjWG1fjh8hpWNnbP_pv6d1zSwZfc5fl6yVRL0DV0V3lGHKe2Wqf_eNGjBrBLVklDTk8-stX_MWLcR-EGmXAOv0UBWitS_dXJKJu-vXJyw14nHSGuxTIK2hx1pttMft9CsvqimXKeDTU14qQL1eE7ihcw",
"e": "AQAB"
},
"iat": 1516239022,
"exp": 1516247022,
"hash_alg": "sha-256",
"sd_digests": {
"verified_claims": {
"verification": {
"trust_framework": "ulse4qfN0Jsw6MJaDRpE7s4QfC9jl5xRsAdtLu5y0Nw",
"time": "5erOXGVITtW2jAYqqZjgSKv9BDV64-ij7oxm70PH5mw",
"verification_process": "R2IWSNyqDsKcTv8wbJvHacrXvxH41M2o2XyBPXDdBMs",
"evidence": [
{
"type": "60D_WEYdd9fVIg4Yp5LYkF_bfm-CrPO0MD4afV53QxE",
"method": "k8rl0LZgxWhSeIY-Pgx7ElPbrThBEqqgEphCWOepQoY",
"time": "Dv2iv4WN2l-W5TjjRFGuD7q5-cpUg5h_QmD6oIHac6c",
"document": {
"type": "bboBy937YbIm5bteK-7RqM-8sC6v80bzJOjOHfnmSsc",
"issuer": {
"name": "Fd3FDJu1SNMUbUzRZzbANGoIlKvcK-nJJNlsO-Jcfzs",
"country": "Oe1_kHEITWW2XL0_mAZkdwKdr4oxE00fkDjYHHPb7Zk"
},
"number": "EVf75JZoNwyubkCbGd3yg5TGOp3PFNPPd8IBJr4iC58",
"date_of_issuance": "H0dpfU5qe-oqAfqqLPYIb0uPm6x2ARIyVsOcOtsvfxg",
"date_of_expiry": "Qf39B8Li53nPLPfFCTiNP8fiSl3cVUL5nmVSgYG8bC4"
}
}
]
},
"claims": {
"given_name": "YdDYUguv9oG-G8qrtwFQKEBpCqk6qcfgAEINzvuHcuI",
"family_name": "7meD-4eVxg9gtdgS4uFi5n2sCjY2szjLPJVJDFm5Zuk",
"birthdate": "iEPf4UDcUu-JYKSkuOQ50eL5sivCEvsVunHrywK8FcU",
"place_of_birth": {
"country": "gOL8yL-y0eICAytKN13yijyivVf-7Tej4KULwXG_JaQ",
"locality": "pXVczldRi8FsPm5WuVaF-4Sw3E3WgcPtHuLOmIhMyYU"
},
"nationalities": "Nb6-_rHdYcq-4pfEvkZFNVa3FHn1LUiMrTeSyJ_d9rk",
"address": "-EfqJRS0_hpL031rOyszFeDrbEurLQb-oGD2kjeaKiE"
}
},
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"birth_middle_name": "I51fdBdsVsfbH4FWgI3db4yVEfOgf2FSIjl8EDBfzl8",
"salutation": "YygVZ2yM6udZml4xl-APnKVhbOAVn38otn8btB-eFDU",
"msisdn": "4Abm9luJeisejT3a80C9BGXWX3MG1XF3UK94cVl4Mvg"
}
}
The SD-JWT is then signed by the issuer to create a document like the
following:
eyJhbGciOiAiUlMyNTYiLCAia2lkIjogImNBRUlVcUowY21MekQxa3pHemhlaUJhZzBZUk
F6VmRsZnhOMjgwTmdIYUEifQ.eyJpc3MiOiAiaHR0cHM6Ly9leGFtcGxlLmNvbS9pc3N1Z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.p0sdyAUJPsuJGhwglGnk0wfREearQjwa3xoPv62fsBCw
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sxNrwtrOcFWigKLeIcsTJmdzCiJ-rknQFLtXBTsyZtrn_6bUq8lMQm4XB2VuXi6y5Dnz7r
vvF5dwZZqhVQLD-sbTGMq5_kRus8c6lMgxVq2ndGq6PHcwA2FG7e8aK5DDyJj5RiD_4Z7R
gwdlggT3uHNIMdXKu7oNyBXjwah7T9wv1jz8zrmAIDiEd2UyF31wbT3kMgMpi0bxqS4Tsa
Obo9wzvmLvGJ3KBdjEDdseuNM3fKwUobcvKEsJqFG8a4u1uGkcg411tTSUM3RlpBfjZWSF
BZTS65JaR6QQeRMBlA.eyJzZF9yZWxlYXNlIjogeyJ2ZXJpZmllZF9jbGFpbXMiOiB7InZ
lcmlmaWNhdGlvbiI6IHsidHJ1c3RfZnJhbWV3b3JrIjogIltcIk9CS2xUVmx2TGctQWR3c
VlHYlA4WkFcIiwgXCJkZV9hbWxcIl0iLCAidGltZSI6ICJbXCJNMEpiNTd0NDF1YnJrU3V
5ckRUM3hBXCIsIFwiMjAxMi0wNC0yM1QxODoyNVpcIl0iLCAidmVyaWZpY2F0aW9uX3Byb
2Nlc3MiOiAiW1wiRHNtdEtOZ3BWNGRBSHBqcmNhb3NBd1wiLCBcImYyNGM2Zi02ZDNmLTR
lYzUtOTczZS1iMGQ4NTA2ZjNiYzdcIl0iLCAiZXZpZGVuY2UiOiBbeyJ0eXBlIjogIltcI
mVLNW81cEhmZ3VwUHBsdGoxcWhBSndcIiwgXCJkb2N1bWVudFwiXSIsICJtZXRob2QiOiA
iW1wiajdBRGRiMFVWYjBMaTBjaVBjUDBld1wiLCBcInBpcHBcIl0iLCAidGltZSI6ICJbX
CJXcHhKckZ1WDh1U2kycDRodDA5anZ3XCIsIFwiMjAxMi0wNC0yMlQxMTozMFpcIl0iLCA
iZG9jdW1lbnQiOiB7InR5cGUiOiAiW1wiYXRTbUZBQ1lNYkpWS0QwNW8zSmd0UVwiLCBcI
mlkY2FyZFwiXSIsICJpc3N1ZXIiOiB7Im5hbWUiOiAiW1wiNEt5UjMyb0ladC16a1d2RnF
iVUxLZ1wiLCBcIlN0YWR0IEF1Z3NidXJnXCJdIiwgImNvdW50cnkiOiAiW1wiY2hCQ3N5a
HloLUo4NkktYXdRRGlDUVwiLCBcIkRFXCJdIn0sICJudW1iZXIiOiAiW1wiZmxOUDFuY01
6OUxnLWM5cU1Jel85Z1wiLCBcIjUzNTU0NTU0XCJdIiwgImRhdGVfb2ZfaXNzdWFuY2UiO
iAiW1wib3ZvVjFya2hfQU5tODYxcVVBQTJBd1wiLCBcIjIwMTAtMDMtMjNcIl0iLCAiZGF
0ZV9vZl9leHBpcnkiOiAiW1widDhFQS10S3NoNXdaTUI2YnBqTGZUUVwiLCBcIjIwMjAtM
DMtMjJcIl0ifX1dfSwgImNsYWltcyI6IHsiZ2l2ZW5fbmFtZSI6ICJbXCJSN0Q2TGhsNTJ
1eGxvQlFGUnVsenpBXCIsIFwiTWF4XCJdIiwgImZhbWlseV9uYW1lIjogIltcInloM2NRU
0tuaGRHbXBWZ2QzeWRIMlFcIiwgXCJNZWllclwiXSIsICJiaXJ0aGRhdGUiOiAiW1wiQkF
vS05LNUNqbER5WGZDUjZOa0syQVwiLCBcIjE5NTYtMDEtMjhcIl0iLCAicGxhY2Vfb2ZfY
mlydGgiOiB7ImNvdW50cnkiOiAiW1widl9hem02ZC10cVRuZGFOdlg5LUpMUVwiLCBcIkR
FXCJdIiwgImxvY2FsaXR5IjogIltcIk5XQ1dTZ0lqSmtWVlZzcGV0eGRXeHdcIiwgXCJNd
XN0ZXJzdGFkdFwiXSJ9LCAibmF0aW9uYWxpdGllcyI6ICJbXCJuZ2tLUlNrbS01VktYR1g
5akNGTEhRXCIsIFtcIkRFXCJdXSIsICJhZGRyZXNzIjogIltcImVyczk3d3hPTGR1RnVoS
k5aOVZVVEFcIiwge1wibG9jYWxpdHlcIjogXCJNYXhzdGFkdFwiLCBcInBvc3RhbF9jb2R
lXCI6IFwiMTIzNDRcIiwgXCJjb3VudHJ5XCI6IFwiREVcIiwgXCJzdHJlZXRfYWRkcmVzc
1wiOiBcIkFuIGRlciBXZWlkZSAyMlwifV0ifX0sICJiaXJ0aF9taWRkbGVfbmFtZSI6ICJ
bXCJhaHNaai1oN2VWYlh6UG5QVng5NkhRXCIsIFwiVGltb3RoZXVzXCJdIiwgInNhbHV0Y
XRpb24iOiAiW1wiczM5dENVMVZ2S19rSi1zcW9KQmd6Z1wiLCBcIkRyLlwiXSIsICJtc2l
zZG4iOiAiW1wiLWYyakZoRE9GVEtfT0E5aUFobGtqZ1wiLCBcIjQ5MTIzNDU2Nzg5XCJdI
n19
(Line breaks for presentation only.)
A SD-JWT-R for some of the claims:
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{
"nonce": "XZOUco1u_gEPknxS78sWWg",
"aud": "https://example.com/verifier",
"sd_release": {
"verified_claims": {
"verification": {
"trust_framework": "[\"OBKlTVlvLg-AdwqYGbP8ZA\", \"de_aml\"]",
"time": "[\"M0Jb57t41ubrkSuyrDT3xA\", \"2012-04-23T18:25Z\"]",
"evidence": [
{
"type": "[\"eK5o5pHfgupPpltj1qhAJw\", \"document\"]"
}
]
},
"claims": {
"given_name": "[\"R7D6Lhl52uxloBQFRulzzA\", \"Max\"]",
"family_name": "[\"yh3cQSKnhdGmpVgd3ydH2Q\", \"Meier\"]",
"birthdate": "[\"BAoKNK5CjlDyXfCR6NkK2A\", \"1956-01-28\"]",
"place_of_birth": {
"country": "[\"v_azm6d-tqTndaNvX9-JLQ\", \"DE\"]"
}
}
}
}
}
A.3. Example 4 - W3C Verifiable Credentials Data Model
This example illustrates how the artifacts defined in this
specification can be represented using W3C Verifiable Credentials
Data Model as defined in [VC_DATA].
Below is a non-normative example of an SD-JWT represented as a
verifiable credential encoded as JSON and signed as JWS compliant to
[VC_DATA].
SVC sent alongside this SD-JWT as a JWT-VC is same as in Example 1.
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{
"sub": "did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1c276e12ec21",
"jti": "http://example.edu/credentials/3732",
"iss": "https://example.com/keys/foo.jwk",
"nbf": 1541493724,
"iat": 1541493724,
"exp": 1573029723,
"vc": {
"@context": [
"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1",
"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/examples/v1"
],
"type": [
"VerifiableCredential",
"UniversityDegreeCredential"
]
},
"sd_digests": {
"given_name": "fUMdn88aaoyKTHrvZd6AuLmPraGhPJ0zF5r_JhxCVZs",
"family_name": "9h5vgv6TpFV6GmnPtugiMLl5tHetHeb5X_2cKHjN7cw",
"birthdate": "fvLCnDm3r4VSYcBF3pIlXP4ulEoHuHOfG_YmFZEuxpQ"
}
}
Below is a non-normative example of an SD-JWT-R represented as a
verifiable presentation encoded as JSON and signed as a JWS compliant
to [VC_DATA].
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{
"iss": "did:example:ebfeb1f712ebc6f1c276e12ec21",
"aud": "s6BhdRkqt3",
"nbf": 1560415047,
"iat": 1560415047,
"exp": 1573029723,
"nonce": "660!6345FSer",
"vp": {
"@context": [
"https://www.w3.org/2018/credentials/v1"
],
"type": [
"VerifiablePresentation"
],
"verifiableCredential": ["eyJhb...npyXw"]
},
"sd_release": {
"given_name": "[\"6Ij7tM-a5iVPGboS5tmvVA\", \"John\"]",
"family_name": "[\"eI8ZWm9QnKPpNPeNenHdhQ\", \"Doe\"]",
"birthdate": "[\"5bPs1IquZNa0hkaFzzzZNw\", \"1940-01-01\"]"
}
}
Appendix B. Document History
[[ To be removed from the final specification ]]
-02
* Added acknowledgements
* Improved Security Considerations
* Stressed uniqueness requirements for salts
* Python reference implementation clean-up and refactoring
-01
* Editorial fixes
* Added hash_alg claim
* Renamed _sd to sd_digests and sd_release
* Added descriptions on holder binding - more work to do
* Clarify that signing the SD-JWT is mandatory
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-00
* Renamed to SD-JWT (focus on JWT instead of JWS since signature is
optional)
* Make holder binding optional
* Rename proof to release, since when there is no signature, the
term "proof" can be misleading
* Improved the structure of the description
* Described verification steps
* All examples generated from python demo implementation
* Examples for structured objects
Authors' Addresses
Daniel Fett
yes.com
Email: mail@danielfett.de
URI: https://danielfett.de/
Kristina Yasuda
Microsoft
Email: Kristina.Yasuda@microsoft.com
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