Internet DRAFT - draft-herbert-6man-eh-attrib

draft-herbert-6man-eh-attrib







Network Working Group                                         T. Herbert
Internet-Draft                                                     Intel
Intended status: Experimental                           October 29, 2020
Expires: May 2, 2021


           Attribution Option for Extension Header Insertion
                    draft-herbert-6man-eh-attrib-03

Abstract

   This document defines an "Attribution Option" that provides
   attribution for IPv6 extension headers, Hop-by-Hop options, or
   Destination options that are inserted by intermediate nodes in the
   delivery path of a packet.  The purpose of this option is twofold:
   first it identifies the extension headers or options that have been
   inserted, secondly it attributes the inserted extension headers or
   options to the node responsible for inserting them.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 2, 2021.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of



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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Motivation for extension header insertion . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Problems with extension header and options insertion  . .   4
     1.3.  Inserting Hop-by-Hop options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     1.4.  Inserting Destination options . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     1.5.  Inserting extension headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     1.6.  Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     1.7.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   2.  Attribution Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     2.1.  Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.1.1.  Attribution Option with short identifier  . . . . . .   8
       2.1.2.  Attribution Option with IPv6 address identifier . . .   8
     2.2.  Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   3.  Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     3.1.  Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.1.1.  Insertion procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.1.2.  Errors during insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     3.2.  Removal of inserted extension headers and options . . . .  12
       3.2.1.  Removal procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       3.2.2.  Errors during removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     3.3.  Domain edge filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     3.4.  ICMP processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
     3.5.  Processing AH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   6.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     6.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     6.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18

1.  Introduction

   Extension header insertion has been proposed as a mechanism to
   annotate packets for transit across controlled, or limited domains
   ([I-D.voyer-6man-extension-header-insertion] and
   [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options]).  These annotations are in the
   form of inserted Hop-by-Hop or Destination options, or other inserted
   extension headers such Segment Routing Header.  Presumably, before a
   packet egresses a controlled domain, any inserted extension headers
   or options should be removed.

   Extension header or options insertion, removal, and other non-
   standard modifications at intermediate nodes are currently prohibited



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   by [RFC8200], and [I-D.smith-6man-in-flight-eh-insertion-harmful]
   provides the rationale for why extension header insertion is harmful
   and thus prohibited.  This document addresses the main problem of
   extension header insertion which is the loss of attribution to the
   source of packet contents.  An "Attribution Option", either as a Hop-
   by-Hop or Destination option, is defined to provide proper
   attribution.

   The Attribution Option provides two salient benefits:

      *  The Attribution Option unambiguously identifies what extension
         headers and Destination or Hop-by-Hop options were inserted by
         intermediate nodes.

      *  The Attribution Option includes an identification of the
         intermediate node that inserted extension headers or options
         into a packet.

1.1.  Motivation for extension header insertion

   IP-in-IP encapsulation has been proposed as an alternative to
   extension header insertion.  While encapsulation may be functionally
   equivalent to header insertion, there are merits to header insertion:


      *  Extension header insertion can result in fewer bytes of
         overhead than encapsulation.

      *  The proper destination address to set in the encapsulating IP
         header may be unknown.  For instance, a node might insert an
         extension header into an existing packet with the intent that
         the packet is routed based on the original destination to some
         arbitrary egress node of the domain and that node removes the
         inserted headers.

      *  Packets for a flow may require consistent routing whether or
         not extension headers are inserted.  In particular, to route
         flows consistently in Equal Cost MultiPath (ECMP), the hash
         computed for ECMP should be the same for all packets of the
         flow.  Unlike IP encapsulation, extension header insertion
         shouldn't affect the fields used in ECMP hash calculation (the
         source address, destination address, flow label, and transport
         layer ports), so the ECMP hash calculation consistently derives
         the same value for all packets of a flow with or without
         inserted extension headers or options.






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1.2.  Problems with extension header and options insertion

   Insertion or removal of extension headers, as well as Destination or
   Hop-by-Hop options, is currently prohibited by [RFC8200]:

         Extension headers (except for the Hop-by-Hop Options header)
         are not processed, inserted, or deleted by any node along a
         packet's delivery path, until the packet reaches the node (or
         each of the set of nodes, in the case of multicast) identified
         in the Destination Address field of the IPv6 header.

   The rationale for this prohibition is articulated in [I-D.smith-6man-
   in-flight-eh-insertion-harmful].  A summary of cited problems with
   extension header and options insertion are:

      *  Extension header and options insertion break the attribution
         model of IP in that the contents of a packet are no longer
         attributable to the node identified by the source address of a
         packet (exceptions include data that a source sets in a packet
         that is explicitly specified to be modifiable).

      *  Extension header and options insertion break PMTU discovery
         since they increase the size of packets in flight.

      *  Extension header and options insertion break ICMP since
         inserted extension headers may themselves cause ICMP errors
         that are sent to the source address.  If the source node
         receives such an ICMP error it cannot take any action to
         resolve the error since it's not the source of the data that
         caused the error.

      *  Extension header and options insertion may create a
         communications black hole if the data inserted by one node
         causes a packet to be dropped by a later downstream node.  When
         this happens the source does not know the identity of the node
         that inserted the data and won't know which node dropped the
         packet unless an ICMP error is received.  In any case, the
         sending host cannot address the issue, hence persistent,
         systematic packet loss is possible.  Such a scenario may be
         difficult to troubleshoot in an even moderately large network.

      *  Use of extension header insertion is generally assumed to be
         confined to a controlled domain where the domain is a walled
         garden such that inserted extension headers are always removed
         before packets would exit a domain.  It is conceivable that
         configuration or implementation errors may allow packets with
         inserted extension headers to leak out of the controlled
         domain.



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      *  Extension header and options insertion break the IP
         Authentication Header (AH) [RFC4302].  If a receiving node
         attempts to verify an authentication header that covers data
         inserted by intermediate nodes, then the packet authentication
         will fail and the packet will be dropped.

   This proposal primarily addresses the attribution of packet contents
   problem.  A solution to the attribution problem addresses or at least
   can mitigate the other problems with extension header insertion.

1.3.  Inserting Hop-by-Hop options

   Hop-by-Hop options MAY be inserted by intermediate nodes in the
   delivery path of a packet with the use of the Attribution Option.
   Hop-by-hop options that have been inserted into a packet, as
   indicated by the Attribution Option, MAY be removed by intermediate
   nodes in the delivery path of a packet.

   For inserting Hop-by-Hop options into a packet there are two
   possibilities: 1) a Hop-by-Hop Options extension header already
   exists in the packet, 2) no Hop-by-Hop Options extension header exist
   in the packet so a Hop-by-Hop extension header is inserted into the
   packet which contains the options being inserted.

   Note that per [RFC8200] there can only be one Hop-by-Hop Options
   extension header in a packet, and if present it must be the first
   extension header after the IPv6 header.  If Hop-by-Hop Options are to
   be inserted into a packet with an existing Hop-by-Hop Options
   extension header, the options MUST be inserted into the options list
   for the existing extension header.

1.4.  Inserting Destination options

   Destination options MAY be inserted into Destination Options before a
   routing header.  Intermediate destination nodes specified in the
   routing header MAY insert options into Destination Options before the
   routing header.  Other intermediate nodes in the delivery path,
   specifically those that are not intermediate destinations in the
   routing header, SHOULD NOT insert Destination options into the
   Destination Options before the routing header.

   Destination options SHOULD NOT be inserted into or removed from
   Destination options after the routing header or inserted or removed
   from a packet that does not contain a routing header.  The rationale
   is that intermediate nodes are not supposed to process these
   Destination options.





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   An exception to the above rules is that when an extension header is
   being inserted, the extension header must be preceded by a
   Destination Options Extension Header that contains the Attribution
   Option (as described below).  In this case, the insertion of a
   Destination option, precisely only the Attribution Option, is
   permissible by an intermediate node in the delivery path of a packet.
   Accordingly, when the inserted extension header is being removed by
   an intermediate node, the Attribution Option describing it is also
   removed by the intermediate node.

   When inserting Destination options, if an appropriate Destination
   Options extension header does not exist in the packet then a new
   Destination Options extension header containing the inserted options
   is inserted in the packet.  The recommended ordering of extension
   headers in [RFC8200] SHOULD be maintained.

1.5.  Inserting extension headers

   When an extension header, not Hop-by-Hop or Destination Options, is
   inserted into a packet it is immediately preceded by a Destination
   Options extension header that includes an Attribution Option which
   describes the inserted extension header.  If the extension header is
   being inserted immediately after an existing Destination Options
   extension header then the Attribution Option is inserted into the
   existing Destination Options extension header.  If there is no
   preceding Destination Options extension header then one is created
   into which the Attribution Options is set.

1.6.  Scope

   This document describes a mechanism for providing attribution in
   extension header insertion and insertion of Hop-by-Hop and
   Destination Options.  With the exception of inserting Hop-by-Hop
   Options and Destination Options, requirements and semantics for
   inserting specific types of extension headers are out of scope.
   Similarly, security aspects, including potential leakage of inserted
   headers outside of a controlled domain, are not in scope.

1.7.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].








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2.  Attribution Option

2.1.  Format

   The format of the Hop-by-Hop or Destination Attribution Option is:

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   |  Option Type  | Opt Data Len  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |E|  Num_opts   |                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+                                               +
   |                                                               |
   ~                        Identification                         ~
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Fields are:

      *  Option Type: value is TBA.  The first three bits of the option
         type should be 000 to indicate that the option is to be skipped
         over when processed as an unknown option and that the option
         data is unmodifiable.

      *  Opt Data Len: data length for the option.  The minimal data
         length is one.  If the data length equals twenty then the
         Identification is an IPv6 address (see section 2.1.2).

      *  E: For Destination Options this indicates that the extension
         header following the Destination Options extension header has
         been inserted.  When the option is in Hop-by-Hop Options, this
         bit MUST be zero when transmitting and ignored on receive.

      *  Num_opts: If this value is less than 127 then it indicates the
         number of non-padding options following the Attribution Option
         that are attributed as being inserted.  If the value is 127
         then this indicates that the extension header was inserted and
         all following options are attributed as being inserted.  Note
         that the maximum number of inserted options attributed by one
         Attribution Option is 126.

      *  Identification: indicates the source node responsible for the
         inserted extension headers.  This can either be the IPv6
         address of the responsible node or a local identifier value
         that is interpreted by the local network domain (see examples
         below).  Note this field is variable length.




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   If options are being inserted into an existing Destination Options or
   Hop-by-Hop Options extension header then the Attribution Option is
   inserted as the first option in the header, followed by any inserted
   options, and then followed by any pre-existing options.  The total
   length of the Attribution Option and any inserted options MUST be 8n;
   this ensures that any pre-existing options following those being
   inserted retain their original alignment.  After the last inserted
   option, the minimum amount of padding is added to make the total
   length of inserted data 8n.  Pre-existing options, including padding,
   MUST NOT be modified other than moving them to follow the inserted
   options.

   If a Destination or Hop-by-Hop Options extension header is being
   inserted in a packet then the Attribution Option is set as the first
   option in the header followed by any inserted options.  Minimal
   padding MUST added make the length of the extension header 8n.

2.1.1.  Attribution Option with short identifier

   Below is the short format of the Attribution Option.

    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   |      Type     |        4      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |E|  Num opts   |                 Local_ID                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Local_ID is interpreted locally.  For instance, it may be used as an
   index to a table to map a value to an IPv6 address.

2.1.2.  Attribution Option with IPv6 address identifier

   Below is the format of the Attribution Option that contains an IPv6
   address for attribution of the inserted extension headers or options.















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    0                   1                   2                   3
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                   |      Type     |       20      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |E|  Num opts   |                 Local_ID                      |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   +                                                               +
   |                                                               |
   +                          IPv6 address                         +
   |                                                               |
   +                                                               +
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Local_ID contains supplemental identification that is interpreted by
   the local network.  This MAY be the AS of network corresponding to
   the node identified by the IPv6 address.

2.2.  Model

   The Attribution Option indicates both inserted Hop-by-Hop or
   Destination options and inserted extension headers.

   Multiple extension header or options insertions may occur during the
   lifetime of a packet.  Insertions are treated as a stack.  Hop-by-Hop
   and Destination options MUST be inserted in an extension header
   before any pre-existing options including those previously inserted.
   Similarly, if an extension header is being inserted and a
   corresponding attribution option is being added to a Destination
   Option extension header then the inserted extension header
   immediately follows the Destination Options extension header and
   precedes any previously inserted extension headers with an
   Attribution Option in the same Destination Options extension header.

   Inserted extension headers and inserted Hop-by-Hop and Destination
   options MUST be removed in the reverse order of insertion (i.e.
   inserted data are "popped" to remove them).  When an Attribution
   Option is removed from a packet, which is the first option in the
   extension header, the option, any corresponding inserted options, and
   any inserted trailing padding after the last options are removed.  In
   the case of a Destination Options or Hop-by-Hop Options extension
   header that was inserted, the inserted extension header is removed
   when the last Attribution Option in the extension header is removed
   (Num_opts in the option is equal to 127).





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   The logical structure of an IPv6 packet with inserted extension
   headers and options, and the relationship between Attribution Options
   and inserted extension headers and options, is demonstrated below.
   In this example, a Hop-by-Hop Options extension header was inserted
   that indicates inserted Hop-by-Hop options.  There are two
   Attribution Options inserted into an existing Destination Options
   header: the first one (#1) indicates an inserted extension header and
   no options, the second (#2) indicates an inserted extension header
   and also inserted Destination options.

   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  IPv6 header    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Hop-by-Hop EH  |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |   Attribution Opt |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |  Inserted options |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  DestOpt EH     |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
       |   Attribution Opt |---------+    #2 Attribution Option
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+         |
       |  Inserted options |         |
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+         |
       |   Attribution Opt |----+    |    #1 Attribution Option
       +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    |    |
       |  Original options |    |    |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    |    |
   |  Inserted EH    |<---------+----+
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+          |
   |  Inserted EH    |<---------+
   +--+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |  Original EHs   |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

3.  Operation

   This section describes operations for extension header and options
   insertion and removal at intermediate nodes.

3.1.  Insertion

   An extension header or Hop-by-Hop or Destination options MAY be
   inserted into a packet.  The packet's size will increase, and if
   options are inserted into Destination or Hop-by-Hop Options then the
   size of those extension headers will increase.




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3.1.1.  Insertion procedure

   Hop-by-Hop and Destination options, including the Attribution Option,
   are inserted into a packet with the following procedures.

   Procedures:

      *  If an appropriate Hop-by-Hop or Destination Options extension
         header does not exist in the packet:

         1) Insert a Hop-by-Hop or Destination Options extension header
            into the packet at the appropriate offset.  The extension
            header contains the Attribution Option, followed by any Hop-
            by-Hop or Destination options being inserted.  Num_opts is
            set to 127 to indicate that the extension header was
            inserted.  The E bit is set if another extension header is
            also being inserted (applicable to Destination Options).
            Add padding to make the length of the extension header be a
            multiple of eight bytes per [RFC8200].

         2) If no other extension header is being inserted then the
            nexthdr of the inserted Destination or Hop-by-Hop Options
            extension header is set to value of the nexthdr in the
            preceding IPv6 header or extension header.

         3) Else, if an extension header is being inserted then the
            nexthdr of the inserted Destination Options extension header
            is set to protocol number of the inserted extension header.
            The nexthdr of the inserted extension header is set to value
            of the original nexthdr in the IPv6 header or extension
            header that precedes the Destination Option being inserted.

         4) The nexthdr of the IPv6 header or extension header that
            precedes the inserted Destination of Hop-by-Hop Options is
            set to the protocol number for the inserted header (either 0
            for Hop-by-Hop Options or 60 for Destination Options).

      *  Else, if an appropriate Hop-by-Hop or Destination Options
         extension header is already present then insert new options
         into the existing header:

         1) Make first option to be the Attribution Option.  Num_opts is
            set to the number of non-padding options being inserted not
            including the Attribution Option.  The E bit is set if an
            extension header is being inserted (applicable to
            Destination Options only).





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         2) Following the Attribution Option, set any other options
            being inserted.  Include padding before the options as
            necessary to enforce any alignment requirements.

         3) Following the last inserted option, add the minimal amount
            of padding such that the alignment of the first byte after
            the last inserted byte is 8n+2 from the start of the Hop-by-
            Hop or Destination extension header.  This is necessary to
            preserve alignment requirements of existing options.  The
            amount of padding needed is:

               7 - ((offset_last_inserted_byte - 3) % 8)

         4) Following the last inserted option and inserted padding,
            copy the original options from the packet.

         5) Set length of the Hop-by-Hop or Destination Options
            extension header to reflect the length with the inserted
            options and any inserted padding.

         6) If an extension header is being inserted then the nexthdr of
            the Destination Options header is set to protocol number of
            the inserted extension header.  The nexthdr for the inserted
            extension header is set to the original nexthdr value of
            Destination Options extension header.

3.1.2.  Errors during insertion

   Errors may occur in the process of inserting extension headers in a
   packet.  Error conditions would include the resultant packet size
   exceeding MTU, and the size of Hop-by-Hop Options extension header
   exceeding 1024 bytes (the maximum size of the Hop-by-Hop Options
   extension header).

   If an error occurs during insertion then the node performing
   insertion MUST take an appropriate behavior per some configuration.
   The packet MAY be discarded or the unmodified packet MAY be
   forwarded.  An error SHOULD be logged.

3.2.  Removal of inserted extension headers and options

   The top level inserted extension headers and Hop-by-Hop or
   Destination options, referred to by the Attribution Option which is
   the first option in the Hop-by-Hop or Destination options of a
   packet, MAY be removed by an intermediate node.






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3.2.1.  Removal procedure

   The procedure is:

      *  If Num_opts equals 127 then the Destination or Hop-by-Hop
         extension header is to be removed.

         *  If the E bit is not set or a Hop-by-Hop extension header is
            being removed, remove the Destination or Hop-by-Hop Options
            extension header bytes from the packet and set the nexthdr
            of the preceding IPv6 header or extension header to the
            nexthdr of the Destination or Hop-by-Hop Options extension
            header being removed.

         *  Else, if the E bit is set in the Attribution Option of a
            Destination Options extension header, remove the extension
            header bytes of the Destination Options extension header and
            those of the extension header following the Destination
            Options extension header from the packet.  The nexthdr of
            the preceding IPv6 header or extension header is set to the
            nexthdr of the of the extension header following the
            Destination Options extension header.

      *  Else, if Num_opts is less than 127, then the inserted options
         must be removed from the existing header:

         1) Locate the last inserted option.  This done by the scanning
            non-padding options after the Attribution Option for the
            count in Num_opts.

         2) Compute the amount of padding that was inserted.  The amount
            of padding that should have been inserted is:

               7 - ((offset_last_inserted_byte - 2) % 8)

               where offset_last_byte is the offset of the last byte of
               the last inserted option located in step #1.

         3) Remove the bytes in the packet from first byte of the
            Destination or Hop-by-Hop Options data (first byte of the
            Attribution option) through the last byte of inserted
            padding as computed in step #2.

         4) Set the length of the Hop-by-Hop Options extension header to
            account for the removed bytes; that is the original
            extension header length minus the number of removed bytes.





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         5) If the E bit is set in the Attribution Option being removed
            from a Destination Options extension header, remove the
            following extension header from the packet.  The nexthdr of
            the Destination Options extension header is set to the
            nexthdr of the extension header being removed.

3.2.2.  Errors during removal

   A node performing extension header removal MUST validate packet
   contents.

   The following attributes MUST be validated before removal:

      *  If Num_opts is not equal to 127 then number of non-padding
         options following Attribution Option MUST be greater than or
         equal to Num_opts.

      *  Necessary padding after the last inserted Hop-by-Hop option
         MUST be present.  The amount of padding MUST be equal to the
         expected amount.

      *  The Num_opts options following the Attribution Option MUST NOT
         contain another Attribution Option.

      *  If the E bit is set in the Attribution options of a Destination
         Options header then the a valid extension header MUST follow
         the Destination Options header.

   If any of the above validations fail, or an error is otherwise
   encountered in the removal process, then the processing node MUST
   take action.  The packet SHOULD be discarded and error message SHOULD
   be logged.

3.3.  Domain edge filtering

   Filtering packets with inserted extension headers or Destination or
   Hop-by-Hop options is straightforward: a packet contains inserted
   options if the first option of a Destination Options or Hop-by-Hop
   Options is the Attribution Option.  A packet contains inserted
   extension headers if it contains an Attribution Option in Destination
   Options with the E bit set or the packet contains a Destination
   Options or Hop-by-Hop Options extension header that includes an
   Attribution Option with Num_opts equal to 127 (in which case the
   containing Destination Options or Hop-by-Hop extension header was
   inserted).






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3.4.  ICMP processing

   At described in [I-D.smith-6man-in-flight-eh-insertion-harmful], it
   is possible for a source node to receive ICMP [RFC4443] errors caused
   by inserted headers, thus the source node has no recourse to address
   the error.

   This section proposes some ways to apply the Attribution Option to
   mitigate the ICMP breakage for extension header insertion:

      *  ICMP errors can be filtered [RFC4890] by nodes in the network
         before reaching a source node outside of the domain (at the
         domain edge for instance).  The packet headers in the ICMP data
         should include the Destination Options or Hop-by-Hop Options
         extension header containing the Attribution Option.  The
         filtering node MAY analyze the error to determine if it was
         caused by the inserted headers:

         -  If the error was caused by inserted extension headers, then
            the node SHOULD take appropriate actions (minimally it
            SHOULD log the error).  The filtering node SHOULD not
            forward the ICMP error to the source.

         -  If the error was not caused by inserted headers, the
            filtering node MAY create a new ICMP error with the data
            packet that would be reflect the packet contents prior to
            extension header insertion (i.e. attempt set the packet in
            ICMP to be that which the source would have sent).  This is
            done by removing the inserted extension headers of the
            packet in the ICMP data, and adjusting the Pointer field in
            an ICMP error if necessary.  The revised ICMP error can then
            be forwarded to the source.

      *  If ICMP errors are not filtered and the source node receives an
         ICMP error for a packet containing inserted extension headers:

         -  If the source node is a legacy implementation that does not
            understand the Attribution Option then it will attempt to
            process the error under the assumption that it was the
            source of the packet and the data that caused the error.  If
            the node logs the contents of the ICMP error, which should
            be common, then external out-of-band analysis can be done by
            network administrators to troubleshoot the ICMP errors and
            identify culprit if the error was caused by inserted
            extension headers.

         -  If the source node understands the Attribution Option then
            it can perform more analysis.  The node MAY attempt to



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            ascertain if the error was caused by inserted headers or
            not, and if not it can then attempt to fix the problem with
            the assumption the it was responsible for the data in error.

3.5.  Processing AH

   Extension headers and options MAY be inserted into a packet before an
   existing AH header.  The inserted data is not covered in the ICV
   computation and if a receiving host attempts to perform the ICV
   computation over inserted data it is expected that verification will
   fail and the packet will be dropped.

   The simplest way to address this is to remove any inserted headers in
   the packet before processing the AH extension header.  The assumption
   is that once the inserted data is removed, the packet contents
   reflect the original contents set by the host so AH verification
   should succeed.

   Host implementations can be modified to process the attribution
   option.  When a packet with inserted headers or options is received
   by an end host, the AH processing can ignore any inserted Destination
   or Hop-by-Hop options and any inserted extension headers.  This can
   be done in conjunction with the existing algorithms to ignore option
   data in the ICV computation for modifiable options.  Effectively, the
   algorithm is simply to remove all the inserted options and extension
   headers following the procedures in section 3.1.

4.  Security Considerations

   The Attribution Option does not in itself introduce any new security
   considerations.  The security of containing inserted extension
   headers within a controlled domain is out of scope for this document.

   Section 3.5 describes the processing of the IP Authentication Header
   in the presence of inserted options or extension headers.

5.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to assigned the following Destination and Hop-By-
   Hop option:

          +-----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+
          | Hex Value | Binary value  | Description | Reference     |
          |           | act chg rest  |             |               |
          +-----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+
          | TBD       | 00   0  TBD   | Attribution | This document |
          |           |               | Option      |               |
          +-----------+---------------+-------------+---------------+



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6.  References

6.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC4302]  Kent, S., "IP Authentication Header", RFC 4302,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4302, December 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4302>.

   [RFC4443]  Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, Ed., "Internet
              Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet
              Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", STD 89,
              RFC 4443, DOI 10.17487/RFC4443, March 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4443>.

   [RFC8200]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
              (IPv6) Specification", STD 86, RFC 8200,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8200, July 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8200>.

6.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-ippm-ioam-ipv6-options]
              Bhandari, S., Brockners, F., Pignataro, C., Gredler, H.,
              Leddy, J., Youell, S., Mizrahi, T., Kfir, A., Gafni, B.,
              Lapukhov, P., Spiegel, M., Krishnan, S., Asati, R., and M.
              Smith, "In-situ OAM IPv6 Options", draft-ietf-ippm-ioam-
              ipv6-options-03 (work in progress), September 2020.

   [I-D.smith-6man-in-flight-eh-insertion-harmful]
              Smith, M., Kottapalli, N., Bonica, R., Gont, F., and T.
              Herbert, "In-Flight IPv6 Extension Header Insertion
              Considered Harmful", draft-smith-6man-in-flight-eh-
              insertion-harmful-02 (work in progress), May 2020.

   [I-D.voyer-6man-extension-header-insertion]
              Voyer, D., Filsfils, C., Dukes, D., Matsushima, S., Leddy,
              J., Li, Z., and J. Guichard, "Deployments With Insertion
              of IPv6 Segment Routing Headers", draft-voyer-6man-
              extension-header-insertion-09 (work in progress), May
              2020.






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   [RFC4890]  Davies, E. and J. Mohacsi, "Recommendations for Filtering
              ICMPv6 Messages in Firewalls", RFC 4890,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4890, May 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4890>.

Author's Address

   Tom Herbert
   Intel
   Santa Clara, CA
   USA

   Email: tom@quantonium.net






































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