Internet DRAFT - draft-hu-trill-rbridge-esadi
draft-hu-trill-rbridge-esadi
TRILL Working Group Hongjun Zhai
INTERNET-DRAFT Fangwei Hu
Intended status: Proposed Standard ZTE
Updates: 6325 Radia Perlman
Intel Labs
Donald Eastlake
Huawei
Expires: October 10, 2012 April 11, 2012
TRILL: The ESADI Protocol
<draft-hu-trill-rbridge-esadi-04.txt>
Abstract
The IETF TRILL (TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links)
protocol provides least cost pair-wise data forwarding without
configuration in multi-hop networks with arbitrary topologies and
link technologies. TRILL supports the multi-pathing of both unicast
and multicast traffic. Devices that implement the TRILL protocol are
called RBridges (Routing Bridges) or TRILL Switches.
The ESADI (End System Address Distribution Information) protocol is a
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) scoped way that TRILL switches can
communicate end station addresses to each other. An RBridge
announcing VLAN-x connectivity (normally a VLAN-x appointed
forwarder) and running the TRILL ESADI protocol can receive remote
address information and/or transmit local address information for
VLAN-x to other such RBridges. This document updates RFC 6325,
specifically the documentation of the ESADI protocol.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Distribution of this document is unlimited. Comments should be sent
to the TRILL working group mailing list: <rbridge@postel.org>.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
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The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................4
1.1 Content and Precedence.................................5
1.2 Terminology............................................5
2. ESADI Protocol Overview.................................6
3. ESADI DRB State.........................................8
4. ESADI PDU processing....................................9
4.1 Sending of ESASI PDUs..................................9
4.2 Receipt of ESADI PDUs.................................10
5. ESADI-LSP Contents.....................................11
5.1 ESADI Parameter Data..................................11
5.2 MAC Reachability TLV..................................12
6. IANA Considerations....................................13
6.1 ESADI Participation Flag..............................13
6.2 TRILL GENAPP TLV......................................13
7. Security Considerations................................15
8. References.............................................16
8.1 Normative references..................................16
8.2 Informative References................................17
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1. Introduction
The IETF TRILL (TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links)
protocol [RFC6325] provides least cost pair-wise data forwarding
without configuration in multi-hop networks with arbitrary topologies
and link technologies, safe forwarding even during periods of
temporary loops, and support for multi-pathing of both unicast and
multicast traffic. TRILL accomplishes this by using the IS-IS
(Intermediate System to Intermediate System) [IS-IS] [RFC1195]
[RFC6326] link state routing protocol and encapsulating traffic using
a header that includes a hop count. The design supports VLANs
(Virtual Local Area Networks) and optimization of the distribution of
multi-destination frames based on VLANs and IP multicast groups.
Devices that implement TRILL are called RBridges (Routing Bridges) or
TRILL switches.
There are five ways an RBridge can learn end station addresses as
described in Section 4.8 of [RFC6325]. The ESADI (End Station
Address Distribution Information) protocol is an optional VLAN scoped
way RBridges can communicate end station addresses with each other.
An RBridge that is announcing connectivity to VLAN-x (normally a
VLAN-x appointed forwarder) MAY use the (ESADI) protocol to announce
the end station address of some or all of its attached VLAN-x end
nodes to other RBridges that are running ESADI for VLAN-x.
By default, RBridges with connected end stations learn addresses from
the data plane when ingressing and egressing native frames. The ESADI
protocol's potential advantages over data plane learning include the
following:
1. Security advantages: The ESADI protocol can be used to announce
end stations with an authenticated enrollment (for example
enrollment authenticated by cryptographically based EAP
(Extensible Authentication Protocol [RFC3748]) methods via
[802.1X]). In addition, the ESADI protocol supports cryptographic
authentication of its message payloads for more secure
transmission.
2. Fast update advantages: ESADI protocol provides a fast update of
end nodes MAC (Media Access Control) addresses. If an end station
is unplugged from one RBridge and plugged into another, frames
addressed to that older RBridge can be black holed. They can be
sent just to the older RBridge that the end station was connected
to until cached address information at some remote RBridge times
out, possibly for tens of seconds [RFC6325].
MAC address reachability information and some ESADI parameters are
carried in ESADI frames rather than in the TRILL IS-IS protocol. As
described below, ESADI is, for each VLAN, a virtual logical topology
overlay in the TRILL topology. An advantage of using ESADI is that
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the end station attachment information is not flooded to all RBridges
through TRILL IS-IS but only to participating RBridges advertising
ESADI support for the VLAN in which those end stations occur.
1.1 Content and Precedence
This document updates [RFC6325], the TRILL basic specification,
particularly the description of the ESADI protocol, and prevails over
[RFC6325] in the case of conflicts.
Section 2 is the ESADI protocol overview. Section 3 specifies ESADI
DRB state. Section 4 discusses the processing of ESADI PDUs. Section
5 describes the ESADI-LSP contents.
1.2 Terminology
This document uses the acronyms defined in [RFC6325] and the
following phrase:
LSP number zero - A Link State PDU with fragment number equal to
zero.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
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2. ESADI Protocol Overview
ESADI is a VLAN scoped way that RBridges can announce and learn end
station addresses rapidly and securely. An RBridge that is
announcing itself as connected to one or more VLANs (usually because
it is an Appointed Forwarder for those VLANs) and participates in the
ESADI protocol is called an ESADI RBridge.
ESADI is a separate protocol from the TRILL IS-IS implemented by all
RBridges in a campus. There is a separate ESADI instance for each
VLAN. In essence, for each VLAN, there is a modified instance of the
IS-IS reliable flooding mechanism in which ESADI RBridges may choose
to participate. (These are not the instances being specified in
[MultiInstance].) It is an implementation decision how independent
the implementations of multiple ESADI instances at an RBridge are.
For example, the ESADI link state could be in a single database with
a field in each record indicating the VLAN to which it applies or
could be a separate database per VLAN. But the update processes
operate separately for each ESADI instance.
After the TRILL header, ESADI frames have an inner Ethernet header
with the Inner.MacDA of "All-Egress-RBridges" (formerly called "All-
ESADI-RBridges"), an Inner.VLAN tag specifying the VLAN of interest,
and the "L2-IS-IS" Ethertype followed by the ESADI payload as shown
in Figure 1. For more detail see Section 4.2.5 in the TRILL base
protocol specification [RFC6325].
TRILL ESADI frame Structure
+--------------------------------+
| Link Header |
+--------------------------------+
| TRILL Data Header |
+--------------------------------+
| Inner Ethernet Header |
+--------------------------------+
| ESADI Payload |
+--------------------------------+
| Link Trailer |
+--------------------------------+
Figure 1
All transit RBridges forward ESADI frames as if they were ordinary
multicast TRILL Data frames. Because of this forwarding, it appears
to an instance of the ESADI protocol at an RBridge that it is
directly connected by a multi-access virtual link to all other
RBridges in the campus running ESADI for that VLAN. No "routing"
computation or routing decisions ever have to be performed by ESADI.
An ESADI RBridge merely transmits the ESADI frames it originates on
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this virtual link as described for any multicast frame in [RFC6325]
using any distribution tree that it might use for a normal TRILL Data
frame. RBridges that do not implement the ESADI protocol, do not have
it enabled, or are not participating for the Inner.VLAN of an ESADI
frame do not decapsulate or locally process any TRILL ESADI frames
they receive. Thus the ESADI frames are transparently tunneled
through transit RBridges.
TRILL ESADI frame payloads are structured like IS-IS PDUs, except as
indicated below, but are always TRILL encapsulated on the wire as if
they were TRILL Data frames.
The ESADI instance for VLAN-x at an RBridge RB1 determines who its
ESADI potential neighbors are by logically examining the TRILL IS-IS
link state database for RBridges that are data and IS-IS reachable
from RB1 (see Section 2 of [ClearCorrect]) and are announcing their
participation in VLAN-x ESADI. When an RBridge RB2 becomes IS-IS or
data unreachable from RB1 or any of the relevant entries for RB2 are
purged from the core IS-IS link state database, it is lost as a
potential neighbor and also dropped from any ESADI instances. And
when RB2 is no longer announcing participation in VLAN-x ESADI, it
ceases to be a potential neighbor for the VLAN-x ESADI instance. RB2
becomes an actual ESADI adjacency for RB1 when it is a potential
neighbor and RB1 holds an ESADI-LSP zero for RB2, all these
considerations being VLAN scoped. Because of these mechanisms, there
are no "Hellos" sent in ESADI.
The information distributed by the ESADI protocol is a list of local
end station MAC addresses connected to the originating RBridge and,
for each such address, a one octet unsigned "confidence" rating in
the range 0-254 (see Section 5.2). It is entirely up to the
originating RBridge which locally connected MAC addresses it wishes
to advertise via ESADI and with what confidence. It MAY advertise
all, some, or none of such addresses. Future uses of ESADI may
distribute additional types of information.
TRILL ESADI-LSPs MUST NOT contain a VLAN ID in their payload. The
VLAN ID to which the ESADI data applies is the Inner.VLAN of the
TRILL Data frame enclosing the ESADI payload. If a VLAN ID could
occur within the payload, it might conflict with the Inner.VLAN and
could conflict with any future VLAN mapping scheme that may be
adopted [VLANmapping]. If a VLAN ID field within an ESADI-LSP PDU
does include a VLAN ID, its contents is ignored.
(In the future, TRILL may be extended to provide more fine-grained
labeling of data and ports. If so, it is expected that ESADI will be
extended by allowing such labeling of ESADI frames, in addition to
the current Inner.VLAN labeling. As with this specification, it would
generally be prohibited for such fine-grained labeling information to
appear inside such extended ESADI frame payloads.)
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3. ESADI DRB State
Generally speaking, the DRB state on an ESADI link operate similarly
to a TRILL IS-IS broadcast link with the following exception:
In the ESADI-DRB election at RB1 on an ESADI link, comparing with
[RFC6327], the candidates are the local ESADI instance for VLAN-x and
all remote ESADI instances at RBridges that (1) are data and IS-IS
reachable from RB1 [ClearCorrect], (2) are announcing in their TRILL
IS-IS LSP that they are participating in ESADI for VLAN-x, and (3)
for which RB1 is holding an ESADI-LSP zero with an ESADI Pararmeters
APPsub-TLV. The winner is the instance with the highest ESADI
Parameter 7-bit priority field with ties broken by System ID,
comparing fields as unsigned integers with the larger magnitude
considered higher priority. In particular "SNPA/MAC address" is not
considered and there is no "Port ID".
Because ESADI does no routing, the ESADI-DRB does not create a
pseudo-node.
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4. ESADI PDU processing
VLAN-x ESADI neighbors are usually not connected directly by a
physical link, but are always logically connected by a virtual link.
There could be hundreds of ESADI RBridges on the virtual link. There
are only EASDI-LSP, EASDI-CSNP and EASDI-PSNP PDUs used in ESADI. In
particular, there are no Hello or MTU PDUs because ESADI does not
build a topology and does not do any routing.
In Layer 3 IS-IS, PDU multicasting is normally on a local link and no
effort is made to optimize to unicast because under the original
conditions when IS-IS was designed (commonly a piece of multi-access
Ethernet cable) any frame made the entire link busy for that frame
time. But in ESADI what appears to be a simple multi-access link is
generally a set of multi-hop distribution trees that may or may not
be pruned. Thus, transmitting a multicast frame on such a tree
imposes a greater load than transmitting a unicast frame. This load
may be justified if there are likely to be multiple listeners but may
not be justified if there is only one recipient of interest. For this
reason, under some circumstances, ESADI PDUs MAY be TRILL unicast.
Section 4.1 describes the sending of ESADI PDUs. Section 4.2 covers
the receipt of ESADI PDUs.
4.1 Sending of ESASI PDUs
The MTU available to instances of ESADI is at least 24 bytes less
than that available to TRILL IS-IS because of the additional fields
required (2(TRILL Ethertype) + 6(TRILL Header) + 6(Inner.MacDA) +
6(Innter.MacSA) + 4(Inner.VLAN)). Thus the inner ESADI payload,
starting with the Intradomain Routeing Protocol Discriminator, MUST
NOT exceed Sz minus 24; however, if a larger payload is received, it
is processed normally.
Once an ESADI instance is operationally up, it multicasts it self-
originated LSP number zero on the virtual link to announce its ESADI
parameters. When the other ESADI instances receive the LSP number
zero and find a new neighbor, their self-originated LSP fragments are
scheduled to be sent and MAY be unicast to that neighbor. If all the
other ESADI instances send their self-originated LSPs immediately,
there may be a surge of traffic to that new neighbor. So the other
ESADI instances should wait an interval time before sending the LSP
to a new neighbor. The interval time value is up to the device
implementation. One suggestion is that the interval time can be
assigned a random value with a range based on the ESADI priority when
implementation.
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If the ESADI instance is DRB, it multicasts an ESADI-CSNP
periodically to keep the Link State Database synchronized among its
neighbors on the virtual link. After receiving an ESADI-PSNP PDU, the
DRB will multicast the LSPs requested by the PSNP on the virtual
link.
For robustness, if an ESADI instance has two or more ESADI neighbors
and is not DRB and it receives no ESADI-CSNP PDUs for at least the
CSNP Time (see Section 5.1) of the DRB, it MAY transmit an ESADI-
CSNP.
In the case of receiving an ESADI-LSP with a smaller sequence number
than the copy stored in local EASDI Link State Database, the local
ESADI instance will also schedule to transmit the stored copy and MAY
unicast it to the sender.
The format of a unicast ESADI frame is the format of TRILL ESADI
frame, in section 4.2 in [RFC6325], except that, in the TRILL header,
the M bit is set to zero and the Egress Nickname is the nickname of
the destination RBridge.
4.2 Receipt of ESADI PDUs
Because ESADI adjacency is in terms of System ID, all PDU acceptance
tests that check that the PDU is from an adjacent system check that
the System ID is that of an ESADI neighbor and do not check the
source SNPA/MAC.
Because all ESADI instance for VLAN-x are adjacent, when RB1 receives
an ESADI-CSNP from RB2 and detects that it has ESADI-LSPs that RB1 is
missing, it sets the transmission flag only for its own EASDI-LSPs
that RB1 is missing. Missing EASDI-LSPs originated by other ESADI
instances will be detected by those other instances.
When receiving an ESADI-PSNP PDU, if the local ESADI instance is DRB,
ESADI-LSP PDU requested by the ESADI-PSNP will be multicast on the
virtual link.
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5. ESADI-LSP Contents
The only PDUs used in ESADI are the Level 1 ESADI-LSP, ESADI-CSNP,
and ESADI-PSNP PDUs. The content of an ESADI-LSP consists of zero or
more MAC Reachability TLVs, optionally an Authentication TLV, and
exactly one ESADI parameter APPsub-TLV in ESADI-LSP zero. This
section specifies the format for ESADI parameter data APPsub-TLV and
gives the reference for the ESADI MAC Reachability TLV. In the
future, there may be other TLVs or sub-TLVs carried in EASDAI-LSPs.
ESADI-LSP number zero MUST NOT exceed 1470 minus 24 bytes in length
(1446 bytes) but if received longer, it is still processed normally.
5.1 ESADI Parameter Data
The figure below presents the format of the ESADI parameter data.
This APPsub-TLV MUST be included in a TRILL GENAPP TLV in ESADI-LSP
number zero. If it is missing, priority is assumed to be zero and
CSNP time 40. If there is more than one occurrnce, the first
occurrence will be used.
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | (1 byte)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Length | (1 byte)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R| Priority | (1 byte)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| CSNP Time | (1 byte
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved for expansion (variable)
+-+-+-+-...
Type: set to ESADI-PARAM subTLV (TRILL APPsub-TLV type 1).
Length: Set to 2 to 255.
R: A reserved bit that MUST be sent as zero and ignored on receipt.
Priority: The Priority field gives the ESADI instance's priority for
being DRB on the TRILL ESADI virtual link for the VLAN in which
the PDU containing the parameter data was sent. It is an unsigned
seven-bit integer with larger magnitude indication higher
priority. It defaults to 0x40.
CSNP Time: An unsigned byte that give the amount of time in seconds
during which the originating RBridge, if it is DRB on the ESADI
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link, will send at least 3 EASDI-CSNP PDUs. It defaults to 30
seconds.
Reserved for future expansion: Future versions of the ESADI
Parameters APPsub-TLV may have additional information. A receiving
ESADI RBridge ignores any additional data here unless it
implements such future expansion(s).
5.2 MAC Reachability TLV
The primary information in TRILL ESADI-LSP PDUs consists of MAC
Reachability (MAC-RI) TLVs as specified in [RFC6165]. These TLVs
contain one or more unicast MAC addresses of end stations that are
both on a port and in a VLAN for which the originating RBridge is
appointed forwarder, along with the one octet unsigned Confidence in
this information with a value in the range 0-254. If such a TLV is
received with a confidence of 255, it is treated as if the confidence
was 254.
To avoid conflict with the Inner.VLAN ID, the TLVs in TRILL ESADI
PDUs, including the MAC-RI TLV, MUST NOT contain the VLAN ID. If a
VLAN-ID is present in the MAC-RI TLV, it is ignored. The VLAN to
which the ESADI-LSP applies is indicated only by the Inner.VLAN tag
in the encapsulated TRILL ESADI frame.
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6. IANA Considerations
IANA allocation considerations are given below.
6.1 ESADI Participation Flag
IANA is requested to allocate an "ESADI Participation" bit in the
Interested VLANs and Spanning Tree Roots sub-TLV [RFC6326]. (bit 2 in
the Interested VLANs field recommended) If this bit is a one, it
indicates that the originating RBridge is participating in ESADI for
the indicated VLAN or VLANs.
6.2 TRILL GENAPP TLV
IANA is requested to allocate an IS-IS Application Identifier under
the Generic Information TLV (#251) for TRILL [RFCgenapp] and to
create a subregistry in the TRILL Parameters Registry for "TRILL
APPsub-TLVs under IS-IS TLV #251 Application Identifier #TBD". The
initial contents of this subregistry are as follows:
Type Name Reference
------ -------- -----------
0 Reserved <this RFC>
1 ESADI-PARAM <this RFC>
2-254 Available <this RFC>
255 Reserved <this RFC>
TRILL APPsub-TLV Types 2 through 254 are available for allocation by
Standard Action, as modified by [RFC4020]. The standards track RFC
causing such an allocation will also include a discussion of security
issues and of the rate of change of the information being advertised.
TRILL APPsub-TLVs MUST NOT alter basic TRILL IS-IS protocol operation
including the establishment of IS-IS adjacencies, the update process,
and the decision process for TRILL IS-IS [IS-IS] [RFC1195] [RFC6327].
The TRILL Generic Information TLV MUST NOT be used in TRILL IS-IS
instance zero.
The V, I, D, and S flags in the initial flags byte of a TRILL Generic
Information TLV have the meanings specified in [RFCgenapp] but are
not currently used as TRILL operates as a Level 1 IS-IS area and no
semantics is hereby assigned to the inclusion of an IPv4 and/or IPv6
address via the I and V flags. Thus these flags MUST be zero;
however, use of multi-level IS-IS is an obvious extension for TRILL
[MultiLevel] and future IETF Standards Actions may update or obsolete
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this specification to provide for the use of any or all of these
flags in the TRILL GENAPP TLV.
The ESADI Parameters information, for which APPsub-TLV 1 is hereby
assigned, is compact and slow changing (see Section 5.1).
For Security Considerations related to ESADI and the ESADI parameters
APPsub-TLV, see Section 7.
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7. Security Considerations
For general TRILL Security Considerations, see [RFC6325].
More TBD
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8. References
Normative and informative references for this document are below.
8.1 Normative references
[IS-IS] - International Organization for Standardization,
"Intermediate system to Intermediate system intra-domain
routeing information exchange protocol for use in conjunction
with the protocol for providing the connectionless-mode Network
Service (ISO 8473)", ISO/IEC 10589:2002, Second Edition, Nov
2002.
[RFC1195] - Callon, R., "Use of OSI IS-IS for routing in TCP/IP and
dual environments", RFC 1195, December 1990.
[RFC2119] - Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4020] - Kompella, K. and A. Zinin, "Early IANA Allocation of
Standards Track Code Points", BCP 100, RFC 4020, February 2005.
[RFC6165] - Banerjee, A. and D. Ward, "Extensions to IS-IS for
Layer-2 Systems", RFC 6165, April 2011.
[RFC6325] - Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
Specification", RFC 6325, July 2011.
[RFC6326] - Eastlake, D., Banerjee, A., Dutt, D., Perlman, R., and A.
Ghanwani, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)
Use of IS-IS", RFC 6326, July 2011.
[RFC6327] - Eastlake 3rd, D., Perlman, R., Ghanwani, A., Dutt, D.,
and V. Manral, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Adjacency", RFC
6327, July 2011.
[RFCgenapp] - Ginsberg, L., S. Previdi, M. Shand, "Advertising
Generic Information in IS-IS", draft-ietf-isis-genapp-04.txt,
in RFC Editor's queue.
[ClearCorrect] - draft-ietf-trill-clear-correct, work in progress.
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8.2 Informative References
[802.1X] - IEEE 802.1, "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area
networks / Port-Based Network Access Control", IEEE Std
802.1X-2010, 5 February 2010.
[MultiInstance] - Previdi, S., L. Ginsberg, M. Shand, A. Roy, D.
Ward, draft-ietf-isis-mi, work in progress.
[MultiLevel] - draft-perlman-trill-rbridge-multilevel, work in
progress.
[RFC3748] - Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson, J., and H.
Levkowetz, Ed., "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC
3748, June 2004.
[VLANmapping] - Perlman, R., D. Dutt, A. Banerjee, A. Rijhsinghani,
and D. Eastlake, "RBridges: Campus VLAN and Priority Regions",
draft-ietf-trill-rbridge-vlan-mapping, work in progress.
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Authors' Addresses
Hongjun Zhai
ZTE Corporation
68 Zijinghua Road
Nanjing 200012 China
Phone: +86-25-52877345
Email: zhai.hongjun@zte.com.cn
Fangwei Hu
ZTE Corporation
889 Bibo Road
Shanghai 201203 China
Phone: +86-21-68896273
Email: hu.fangwei@zte.com.cn
Radia Perlman
Intel Labs
2200 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054-1549 USA
Phone: +1-408-765-8080
Email: Radia@alum.mit.edu
Donald Eastlake
Huawei R&D USA
155 Beaver Street
Milford, MA 01757 USA
Phone: +1-508-333-2270
Email: d3e3e3@gmail.com
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from or are inconsistent with the rights and licenses granted under
RFC 5378, shall have any effect and shall be null and void, whether
published or posted by such Contributor, or included with or in such
Contribution.
H. Zhai, et al [Page 19]