Internet DRAFT - draft-hujun-idr-bgp-ipsec
draft-hujun-idr-bgp-ipsec
idr J. Hu
Internet-Draft Nokia
Intended status: Standards Track March 9, 2020
Expires: September 10, 2020
BGP Provisioned IPsec Tunnel Configuration
draft-hujun-idr-bgp-ipsec-02
Abstract
This document defines a method of using BGP to provide IPsec tunnel
configuration along with NLRI, it uses and extends tunnel
encapsulation attribute as specified in [I-D.ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps]
for IPsec tunnel.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on September 10, 2020.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute for IPsec . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Local and Remote Prefix sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Public Routing Instance sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. IPsec Configuration Tag sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Semantics and Usage of IPsec Tunnel Encapsulation attribute . 10
4.1. Nested Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2. Other Operation Specifics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1. Introduction
IPsec is the standard for IP layer traffic protection, however in a
big network where mesh connections are needed, configuring large
number of IPsec tunnels is error prone and not scalable. So instead
of pre-provision IPsec tunnels on each router, this document defines
a method to allow router to advertise the IPsec tunnel configurations
it requires to reach a given NLRI via BGP. This document does not
intend to be one solution for all cases, the main use case is to
simplify IPsec tunnel provision in networks under single
administrative domain; it uses standard based components (IPsec/
IKEv2[RFC7296] and BGP) with limited changes. There is no change to
IPsec/IKEv2, and only limited changes to BGP.
IPsec tunnel in this document means IPsec tunnel mode as defined in
[RFC4301].
IPsec tunnel configurations typically include following parts:
o tunnel endpoint address (local and remote)
o public routing instance, routing instance where IPsec packet is
forwarded in
o private routing instance, routing instance where payload packet is
forwarded in
o tunnel authentication method and credentials
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o IKE SA and CHILD SA transform (a.k.a crypto algorithms)
o CHILD SA traffic selector
o other: like lifetime, DPD timer, use of PFS ..etc
In order to minimize amount configurations signal via BGP, only
following configurations are explicit advertised:
o local tunnel endpoint address: BGP tunnel encapsulation attribute
o public routing instance: sub-TLV in tunnel encapsulation attribute
o CHILD SA traffic selector address range: NLRI and/or sub-TLV in
tunnel encapsulation attribute
Other configurations are either derived or via tag mapping:
o remote tunnel endpoint address: dynamic learned when received
IKEv2 IKE_SA_INIT request
o private routing instance: via route-target in same BGP UPDATE
o tunnel authentication/credentials, traffic selector protocol/port
range, IKE SA and CHILD SA transform, lifetime, DPD timer, PFS
..etc: all these configurations are implicitly signaled via IPsec
configuration tag sub-TLV in tunnel encapsulation attribute
[I-D.ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps] defines a generic tunnel encapsulation
attribute for BGP, however it needs to be extended to support IPsec
tunnel.
1.1. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
2. Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute for IPsec
This document extends tunnel encapsulation attribute specified in
[I-D.ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps] by introducing following changes:
o A tunnel type for IPsec tunnel: ESP tunnel mode (AH tunnel mode is
not included in this document). Existing type 4 (IPsec in Tunnel-
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mode) in IANA "BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types"
registry could be reused
o A new sub-TLV for public routing instance
o A new sub-TLV for remote address prefix
o A new sub-TLV for local address prefix
o A new sub-TLV for IPsec configuration tag
Following existing sub-TLVs apply to IPsec tunnel encapsulation
attribute:
o Remote Endpoint: IPsec tunnel endpoint address
o Embedded Label Handling: see Section 4 for detail
2.1. Local and Remote Prefix sub-TLV
Local prefix sub-TLV is an optional sub-TLV used to specify a list of
address prefix that used as local traffic selector address ranges; if
local prefix sub-TLV is not included, then prefixes in NLRI will be
used; Remote prefix sub-TLV is a mandatory sub-TLV used to specify a
list of address prefix that used as remote traffic selector address
ranges; The IP version of local/remote prefix MUST be as same as IP
version of prefix in NLRI. A single all zero prefix means any prefix
is allowed. Local and remote prefix sub-TLV has same encoding as
following:
+---------------------------------------+
| list of prefixes (variable) |
+---------------------------------------+
Figure 1: Source Prefix sub-TLV
Each prefix is encoded as following:
+---------------------------+
| prefix Length (1 octet) |
+---------------------------+
| Prefix (4 or 16 octets) |
+---------------------------+
Figure 2: prefix
For a given IPsec tunnel TLV, local prefix sub-TLV MUST appear either
zero or one time; remote prefix sub-TLV MUST appear only one time.
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2.2. Public Routing Instance sub-TLV
Public routing instance sub-TLV is an optional sub-TLV used to
specify the routing instance to which the remote point address
belongs, if tunnel encapsulation attribute doesn't include this TLV,
then the routing instance is the same to which BGP session belongs.
the value field of the sub-TLV consist a route target community as
defined in [RFC4360].
For a given IPsec tunnel TLV, public routing instance sub-TLV MUST
appear either zero or one time.
2.3. IPsec Configuration Tag sub-TLV
This sub-TLV represents the IPsec configurations (like IPsec
transform) that are not explicit advertised by other sub-TLVs
specified in this documentation; the meaning of this sub-TLV is local
to the administrative domain. Follow are some examples:
o tag value T1 map to following configurations:
* Certificate trust-anchor: CA-1
* IKE_SA/CHILD_SA transform: AES-GCM-128
* Diffie-Hellman Group: 15
* Perfect Forward Secrecy: No
* local/remote Traffic selector protocol: any
* local/remote Traffic selector port range: any
* IKE_SA lifetime: 24 hours
* CHILD_SA lifetime: 1 hour
* DPD interval: 30 seconds
* ESP extended sequence number: no
o tag value T2 map to following configurations:
* Certificate trust-anchor: CA-2
* IKE_SA/CHILD_SA transform: AES-GCM-256
* Diffie-Hellman Group: 20
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* Perfect Forward Secrecy: Yes with group 20
* local/remote Traffic selector protocol: UDP
* local/remote Traffic selector port range: any
* IKE_SA lifetime: 48 hours
* CHILD_SA lifetime: 2 hours
* DPD interval: 10 seconds
* ESP extended sequence number: yes
The value field of this sub-TLV is 4 octets long. each IPsec tunnel
TLV SHOULD only contain one IPsec configuration tag sub-TLV;
+--------------------------------------+
| IPsec Configuration tag (4 octets) |
+--------------------------------------+
Figure 3: IPsec Configuration Tag
For a given IPsec tunnel TLV, IPsec configuration tag sub-TLV MUST
appear only one time.
3. Operation
Following are the rules of operation:
1. All routers are in same administrative domain
2. All routers are pre-provisioned with Mapping between IPsec
configuration tag value and IPsec configurations include
authentication method/credentials
3. If a given NLRI need IPsec protection, then advertising router
need to include an IPsec tunnel encapsulation attribute, along
with the NLRI in BGP UPDATE U;
4. When a router need to forward a packet along a path is determined
by a BGP UPDATE which has a tunnel encapsulation attribute that
contains one or more IPsec tunnel TLV, and router decides use
IPsec based on local policy, then the router use first feasible
CHILD_SA, a CHILD SA is considered as feasible when it meets all
following conditions:
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* its private routing instance is same as routing instance to
which the packet to be forwarded belongs
* its public routing instance is same as indicated by the Public
Routing Instance sub-TLV; if the sub-TLV doesn't exist, then
it is same as routing instance to which BGP session belongs
* its peer tunnel address is same as indicated by Remote
Endpoint sub-TLV
* the source and destination address of the packet to be
forwarded falls in the range of CHILD SA's traffic selector
* its transform and other configuration maps to the tag
indicated in the IPsec configuration tag sub-TLV
5. If router can't find such CHILD SA, then it will use IKEv2 to
create one; if there are multiple IPsec tunnel TLVs in U, then it
need to select one from feasible TLVs, a IPsec tunnel TLV is
considered as feasible when it meets all following requirements:
* the source address of the packet must fall in one of Remote
Prefixes
* the destination address of the packet must fall one of Source
Prefixes
* the Remote Endpoint, along with Public Routing Instance sub-
TLV identifies an IP address that is reachable
6. If there are multiple feasible IPsec tunnel TLV exists, then
select the TLV using following rules in order:
1. TLV with smallest local address range as indicated by Remote
Prefix sub-TLV
2. TLV with smallest remote address range as indicated by Local
Prefix sub-TLV (NLRI prefix if local prefix sub-TLV is not
included in TLV)
7. After an IPsec TLV is selected, router uses IKEv2 to create the
CHILD_SA:
* public/private routing instance, peer's tunnel address are
chosen based on above rules
* Traffic Selector:
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* For each TS in TSi:
+ address range: the prefix specified in Remote Prefix sub-
TLV
+ protocol: tag mapped configuration
+ port range: tag mapped configuration
* for each TS in TSr:
+ address range: prefixes specified by Local Prefix sub-TLV
if it exists; otherwise use the prefix specified by the
NLRI
+ protocol: tag mapped configuration
+ port range: tag mapped configuration
The operation of BGP provisioned IPsec configuration is illustrated
with following example:
+--------+
+--------+ BGP RR +---------+
| +--------+ |
| |
| CHILDSA1: Tag-1 |
+--+---+ <----------------> +--+---+
subetA -------+ R1 | IKEv2 | R2 +----- subnetB/subnetC
+------+ <----------------> +------+
CHILDSA2: Tag-2
Figure 4: Operation Example
There are following traffic protection requirements:
o subnetA - subnetB: ESP tunnel, CHACHA20_POLY1305 , mapping to tag
Tag-1
o subnetA - subnetC: ESP tunnel, NULL-AES-GMAC-256 , mapping to tag
Tag-2
o note: other IPsec configurations, like IKE_SA lifetime ..etc, are
the same for both Tag-1 and Tag-2; not listed here for sake of
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Both R1 and R2 are provisioned with IPsec authentication credentials
and configurations corresponding to Tag-1 and Tag-2; both Tag-1 and
Tag-2 map to traffic selector protocol any and port range any.
o R1 advertise subnetA in BGP UPDATE, which has a tunnel
encapsulation attribute that contains two IPsec tunnel TLVs:
* TLV-1: endpoint R1TunnelAddr, tag sub-TLV Tag-1 and subnetB in
Remote Prefix sub-TLV.
* TLV-2: endpoint R1TunnelAddr, tag sub-TLV Tag-2 and subnetC in
Remote Prefix sub-TLV.
o R2 advertise subnetB in BGP UPDATE, which has a tunnel
encapsulation attribute that contains one IPsec tunnel TLV:
R2TunnelAddr, tag sub-TLV Tag-1 and subnetA in Remote Prefix sub-
TLV.
o R2 advertise subnetC in BGP UPDATE, which has a tunnel
encapsulation attribute that contains one IPsec tunnel TLV:
R2TunnelAddr, tag sub-TLV Tag-2 and subnetA in Remote Prefix sub-
TLV.
o R1 received a packet from subnetA destined to subnetB, since BGP
UPDATE contain subnetB also contains an IPsec tunnel encapsulation
attribute, there is no existing CHILD SA could be used, based on
the rules described in this section, R1 select TLV-1 and uses
IKEv2 to establish an IPsec tunnel to R2TunnelAddr, using
certificate authentication, create 1st CHILD SA CHILDSA1:
* ESP transform: CHACHA20_POLY1305
* Traffic Selector:
+ TSi: address subnetA, protocol any, port any
+ TSr: address subnetB, protocol any, port any
o after tunnel is created, R1 and R2 could forward traffic between
subnetA and subnetB over CHILDSA1
o R1 received a packet from subnetA destined to subnetC, CHILDSA1
can't be used for this packet, R1 select TLV-2 to create 2nd CHILD
SA, and given there is already an IKE SA between R1 and R2, R1
uses existing IKESA to create CHILDSA2:
* ESP transform: NULL-AES-GMAC-256
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* Traffic Selector:
+ TSi: address subnetA, protocol any, port any
+ TSr: address subnetC, protocol any, port any
o R1 and R2 could forward traffic between subnetA and subnetC over
CHILDSA2
4. Semantics and Usage of IPsec Tunnel Encapsulation attribute
IPsec tunnel encapsulation TLV has same usage and semantics as
defined in [I-D.ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps] with following specific to
IPsec tunnel:
o Due to nature of IPsec, the payload packet could only be IPv4 or
IPv6 packet, so it MAY be carried in any BGP UPDATE message whose
AFI/SAFI is 1/1 (IPv4 Unicast), 2/1 (IPv6 Unicast).
o For 1/128 (VPN-IPv4 Labeled Unicast), 2/128 (VPN-IPv6 Labeled
Unicast), these NLRI has embedded label, which cause the payload
packet can't be encapsulated in ESP packet, however with IPsec
tunnel encapsulation, the label could be ignored during
encapsulation since CHILD SA itself could be used to identify the
private routing instance; so an UPDATE that include IPsec tunnel
encapsulation attribute, which contains value 2 of Embedded Label
Handling Sub-TLV, could be used to signal this type of setup.
o For other types of AFI/SAFI, a nested tunnel setup could be used
to get IPsec protection, for example, an 25/70 (EVPN) payload
packet could be encapsulated in VXLAN over IPsec tunnel. See
Section 4.1 for further detail.
4.1. Nested Tunnel
A nested tunnel could be used for payload packet type that can't be
encapsulated in IPsec tunnel directly, e.g. an Ethernet packet of
EVPN service. Following is an example of using VXLAN over IPsec
tunnel for EVPN service:
o R1 need to forward an Ethernet packet P
o the path along which P is to be forwarded is determined by BGP
UPDATE U1, which has a VXLAN tunnel encapsulation attribute and
the next-hop is router R2
o the best path to R2 is a BGP route that was advertised in BGP
UPDATE U2, which has an IPsec tunnel encapsulation TLV.
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o R1 will encapsulate P in a VXLAN tunnel as indicated in U1, then
encapsulate VXLAN packet into IPsec tunnel as indicated in U2
o if tag sub-TLV is used, then both U1 and U2 MUST have matching tag
sub-TLV, otherwise the VXLAN packet will not be sent through IPsec
tunnels identified in U2
4.2. Other Operation Specifics
Following are some operation specific rules:
1. An IPsec dead peer detection mechanism, like IKEv2 DPD or BFD
over IPsec, SHOULD be used to monitor liveness of IPsec tunnel;
2. If IPsec peer goes down, as described in section 5 of
[I-D.ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps], packet forwarding router chooses
another functional tunnel, specified by another tunnel TLV of
same BGP route if there is any, to forward the packet; if there
is no such tunnel, then router MAY drop the packet or MAY forward
packet as it would had the Tunnel Encapsulation attribute not
been present. this is matter of local policy.
3. After IPsec peer goes down, packet forwarding router SHOULD try
to re-establish IPsec tunnel with certain hold-down timer and
back-off mechanism. the detail is up to implementation. also
IKEv2 session resumption [RFC5723] MAY be used to efficiently re-
create tunnel;
4. When router receives a packet destined to a BGP route it
advertised but does not have any of tunnel encapsulation in the
BGP route, it MAY drop it or MAY accept it; this is matter of
local policy. by default, the packet should be accepted.
5. As with all types of tunnel technology, IPsec tunnel adds
overhead (crypto & encapsulation) to the packet, which often
causes MTU issues, deployment SHOULD take tunnel overhead into
MTU consideration.
5. IANA Considerations
This document reuses "IPsec in Tunnel-mode"(4) as BGP Tunnel
Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types.
This document will request new values in IANA "BGP Tunnel
Encapsulation Attribute Sub-TLVs" registry for following sub-TLV:
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o public routing instance
o remote address prefix
o local address prefix
o IPsec configuration tag
6. Security Considerations
IKEv2 is used to create IPsec tunnel, which ensures following:
o Traffic protection keys are generated dynamically during IKEv2
negotiation, only known by participating peer of the IPsec tunnel;
there is no central node to manage and distribute all keys.
o IKEv2 rekey mechanism refresh keys regularly; PFS(Perfect Forward
Secrecy) provides additional protection;
o Secure authentication mechanism that only allow authenticated peer
to create tunnel
o Traffic Selector guarantee that only agreed traffic is allowed to
be forwarded within the IPsec tunnel;
o Using a separate, dedicate protocol(IKEv2) for key management/
authentication ensure they are not tied to BGP, all existing and
future IKEv2 features could be used without changing BGP;
There is concern that malicious party might manipulate IPsec tunnel
encapsulation attribute to divert traffic, however this risk could be
mitigated by IKEv2 mutual authentication.
BGP route filter include outbound route filter [RFC5291], Origin
Validation [RFC6811] and BGPSec [RFC8205] could be used to further
secure BGP UPDATE message.
IKEv2 cookie [RFC7296] and varies mechanisms defined including client
puzzle defined in [RFC8019] could be used to protect IKEv2 from
Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks.
Follow latest IETF ESP/IKEv2 implementation requirement and guidance
([RFC8221] and [RFC8247] at time of writing) to make sure always
using secure and up-to-date cryptographic algorithms;
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7. Change Log
o v00 March 04, 2019: initial draft
o v01 Sep 04, 2019:
* replaces color sub-TLV with a new IPsec configuration tag sub-
TLV
* add rule on selecting TLV when there multiple feasible TLVs in
section Section 3
* change crypto used in example of section Section 3
* change title from "BGP Signaled IPsec Tunnel Configuration" to
"BGP Provisioned IPsec Tunnel Configuration"
* Add a section Section 4.2 on some operation specifics
* add more content in Section 6
* add specification of number of time each new sub-TLV allowed in
a given tunnel TLV
* add clarification in section Section 1 to clarify IPsec tunnel
means IPsec tunnel mode
* traffic selector protocol and port range now come from tag
mapped configuration
o v02 March 09, 2020
* increase version number to keep draft afloat
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps]
Patel, K., Velde, G., and S. Ramachandra, "The BGP Tunnel
Encapsulation Attribute", draft-ietf-idr-tunnel-encaps-15
(work in progress), December 2019.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
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[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, DOI 10.17487/RFC4301,
December 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4301>.
[RFC4360] Sangli, S., Tappan, D., and Y. Rekhter, "BGP Extended
Communities Attribute", RFC 4360, DOI 10.17487/RFC4360,
February 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4360>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
8.2. Informative References
[RFC5291] Chen, E. and Y. Rekhter, "Outbound Route Filtering
Capability for BGP-4", RFC 5291, DOI 10.17487/RFC5291,
August 2008, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5291>.
[RFC5723] Sheffer, Y. and H. Tschofenig, "Internet Key Exchange
Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Session Resumption", RFC 5723,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5723, January 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5723>.
[RFC6811] Mohapatra, P., Scudder, J., Ward, D., Bush, R., and R.
Austein, "BGP Prefix Origin Validation", RFC 6811,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6811, January 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6811>.
[RFC7296] Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., Eronen, P., and T.
Kivinen, "Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2
(IKEv2)", STD 79, RFC 7296, DOI 10.17487/RFC7296, October
2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7296>.
[RFC8019] Nir, Y. and V. Smyslov, "Protecting Internet Key Exchange
Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2) Implementations from
Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks", RFC 8019,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8019, November 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8019>.
[RFC8205] Lepinski, M., Ed. and K. Sriram, Ed., "BGPsec Protocol
Specification", RFC 8205, DOI 10.17487/RFC8205, September
2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8205>.
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[RFC8221] Wouters, P., Migault, D., Mattsson, J., Nir, Y., and T.
Kivinen, "Cryptographic Algorithm Implementation
Requirements and Usage Guidance for Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH)", RFC 8221,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8221, October 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8221>.
[RFC8247] Nir, Y., Kivinen, T., Wouters, P., and D. Migault,
"Algorithm Implementation Requirements and Usage Guidance
for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)",
RFC 8247, DOI 10.17487/RFC8247, September 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8247>.
Author's Address
Hu Jun
Nokia
777 East Middlefield Road
Mountain View CA 95148
United States
Email: jun.hu@nokia.com
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