Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-alto-oam-yang
draft-ietf-alto-oam-yang
ALTO WG J. Zhang
Internet-Draft Tongji University
Intended status: Standards Track D. Dhody
Expires: 22 July 2024 Huawei Technologies
K. Gao
Sichuan University
R. Schott
Deutsche Telekom
Q. Ma
Huawei
19 January 2024
YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol
draft-ietf-alto-oam-yang-17
Abstract
This document defines a YANG data model for Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) & Management of the
Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol. The operator
of an ALTO server can use this data model to (1) set up the ALTO
server, (2) configure server discovery, (3) create, update and remove
ALTO information resources, (4) manage the access control of each
ALTO information resource, and (5) collect statistical data from the
ALTO server. The application provider can also use this data model
to configure ALTO clients to communicate with known ALTO servers.
Discussion Venues
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this document takes place on the ALTO Working Group
mailing list (alto@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/alto/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/ietf-wg-alto/draft-alto-oam-yang.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 22 July 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
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Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Prefixes in Data Node Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Placeholders in Reference Statements . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Design Scope and Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. Scope of Data Models for ALTO O&M . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. Basic Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3. Additional Requirements for Extensibility . . . . . . . . 9
5. Design of ALTO O&M Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1. Overview of ALTO O&M Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.2. Data Model for ALTO Client Operation and Management . . . 10
5.3. Data Model for Server-level Operation and Management . . 11
5.3.1. Data Model for ALTO Server Setup . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3.2. Data Model for Logging Management . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.3.3. Data Model for ALTO-related Management . . . . . . . 14
5.3.4. Data Model for Security Management . . . . . . . . . 14
5.4. Data Model for ALTO Server Configuration Management . . . 14
5.4.1. Data Source Configuration Management . . . . . . . . 14
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5.4.2. ALTO Information Resources Configuration
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.4.3. ALTO Information Resource Access Control
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6. Design of ALTO O&M Statistics Data Model . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.1. Model for ALTO Server Failure Monitoring . . . . . . . . 21
6.2. Model for ALTO-specific Performance Monitoring . . . . . 21
7. ALTO OAM YANG Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.1. The "ietf-alto" YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.2. The "ietf-alto-stats" YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Appendix A. Examples of Extending the ALTO O&M Data Model . . . 68
A.1. An Example Module for Extended Server Discovery
Manners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A.2. An Example Module for Extended Client Authentication
Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
A.3. Example Module for Extended Data Sources . . . . . . . . 73
A.4. An Example Module for Information Resource Creation
Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
A.5. Example Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Appendix B. A Sample ALTO Server Architecture to Implement ALTO
O&M YANG Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
1. Introduction
This document defines a YANG data model for the Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) & Management of Application-
Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol. The basic purpose of
this YANG data model is discussed in Section 16 of [RFC7285].
The operator of an ALTO server can use this data model to:
* set up the ALTO server,
* configure server discovery,
* create, update and remove ALTO information resources,
* manage the access control of each ALTO information resource,
* collect statistical data of the ALTO server.
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The application provider can also use this data model to configure
ALTO clients to communicate with known ALTO servers.
Section 4.1 describes what is and is not in scope. Section 4.2 and
Section 4.3 define more concrete requirements for the data model.
The basic structure of this YANG data model is guided by Section 16
of [RFC7285] and [RFC7971]. Although the scope of the YANG data
model in this document mainly focuses on the support of the base ALTO
protocol [RFC7285] and the existing ALTO standard extensions:
[RFC8189], [RFC8895], [RFC8896], [RFC9240], [RFC9241], [RFC9274],
[RFC9275], and [RFC9439].
The detailed design of the data model is illustrated in Section 5 and
Section 6. Some examples of how to extend this data model for
specific ALTO server implementations are shown in Appendix A.
The YANG data models in this document conform to the Network
Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA) defined in [RFC8342].
2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here. When the words appear in lower case, they
are to be interpreted with their natural language meanings.
3. Acronyms and Abbreviations
This document uses the following acronyms:
ALTO: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
CPU: Central Processing Unit
DNS: Domain Name System
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IRR: Internet Routing Registry
OAM: Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (Section 3 of
[RFC6291])
O&M: OAM and Management (Section 3 of [RFC6291])
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OAuth: Open Authorization
PID: Provider-defined Identifier in ALTO
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol
TLS: Transport Layer Security
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier
3.1. Tree Diagrams
The meaning of the symbols in the tree diagrams is defined in
[RFC8340].
3.2. Prefixes in Data Node Names
The complete name of a data node or data model object includes a
prefix, which indicates the YANG module in which the name is defined.
In this document, the prefix is omitted when the YANG module is clear
from the context; otherwise, the prefix is included. The prefixes
indicating the corresponding YANG modules are shown in Table 1.
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+========+============+===========================================+
| Prefix | YANG | Reference |
| | module | |
+========+============+===========================================+
| yang | ietf-yang- | [RFC6991] |
| | types | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| inet | ietf-inet- | [RFC6991] |
| | types | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ds | ietf- | [RFC8342] |
| | datastores | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| yp | ietf-yang- | [RFC8641] |
| | push | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ts | ietf- | [I-D.ietf-netconf-trust-anchors] |
| | truststore | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| tcp | ietf-tcp- | [I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server] |
| | server | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| tls | ietf-tls- | [I-D.ietf-netconf-tls-client-server] |
| | server | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| http | ietf-http- | [I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server] |
| | server | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| ncc | ietf- | [I-D.ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server] |
| | netconf- | |
| | client | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
| rcc | ietf- | [I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf-client-server] |
| | restconf- | |
| | client | |
+--------+------------+-------------------------------------------+
Table 1: Prefixes and corresponding YANG modules
3.3. Placeholders in Reference Statements
Note to the RFC Editor: This section is to be removed prior to
publication.
This document contains placeholder values that need to be replaced
with finalized values at the time of publication. This note
summarizes all of the substitutions that are needed. No other RFC
Editor instructions are specified elsewhere in this document.
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Please apply the following replacements:
* BBBB --> the assigned RFC number for
[I-D.ietf-netconf-trust-anchors]
* DDDD --> the assigned RFC number for
[I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server]
* FFFF --> the assigned RFC number for
[I-D.ietf-netconf-tls-client-server]
* GGGG --> the assigned RFC number for
[I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server]
* HHHH --> the assigned RFC number for
[I-D.ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server]
* IIII --> the assigned RFC number for
[I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf-client-server]
* XXXX --> the assigned RFC number for this draft
4. Design Scope and Requirements
4.1. Scope of Data Models for ALTO O&M
The following items are in the scope of the data models specified in
this document:
* Deploying an ALTO server/client.
* Operating and managing an ALTO server/client.
* Configuring functionality/capability configuration of ALTO
services.
* Monitoring ALTO-related performance metrics.
This document does not normatively define any data model related to a
specific implementation, including:
* Data structures for how to store/deliver ALTO information
resources (e.g., database schema to store a network map).
* Data structures for how to store information collected from data
sources. (e.g., database schema to store topology collected from
an Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) client [RFC7921])
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Likewise, the specification does not cover considerations that are
specific to the ALTO Transport Information Publication Service (TIPS)
[I-D.ietf-alto-new-transport]. Specifically, considerations related
to HTTP/3 are out of scope.
For convenience, examples of how related extensions can be defined
are provided in the Appendices.
4.2. Basic Requirements
Based on recommendations in [RFC7285] and [RFC7971], the data models
provided by this document satisfy basic requirements listed in
Table 2.
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+======================================+========================+
| Requirement | Reference |
+======================================+========================+
| R1: The data model should support | Section 16.1 of |
| configuration for ALTO server setup. | [RFC7285] |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R2: The data model should provide | Section 16.2.1 of |
| logging management. | [RFC7285] |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R3: The data model should provide | Section 16.2.2 of |
| ALTO-related management information. | [RFC7285] |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R4: The data model should support | Section 16.2.6 of |
| configuration for security policy | [RFC7285] |
| management. | |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R5-1: The data model should support | Section 16.2.4 of |
| basic configuration to receive data | [RFC7285], Section 3.2 |
| from different data sources. | of [RFC7971] |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R5-2: The data model should support | Section 16.2.4 of |
| configuration for information | [RFC7285] |
| resource generation algorithms. | |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R5-3: The data model should support | Section 16.2.4 of |
| configuration for access control at | [RFC7285] |
| information resource level. | |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R6: The data model should provide | Section 16.2.3 of |
| metrics for server failures. | [RFC7285], Section 3.3 |
| | of [RFC7971] |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
| R7: The data model should provide | Section 16.2.5 of |
| performance monitoring for ALTO- | [RFC7285], Section 3.4 |
| specific metrics. | of [RFC7971] |
+--------------------------------------+------------------------+
Table 2: Basic Requirements of Data Model for ALTO O&M.
4.3. Additional Requirements for Extensibility
R8: As the ALTO protocol is extensible, the data models for ALTO O&M
should allow for augmentation to support potential future extensions.
5. Design of ALTO O&M Data Model
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5.1. Overview of ALTO O&M Data Model
The "ietf-alto" module is designed to fit all the requirements listed
in Section 4.
As shown in Figure 1, the top-level container 'alto' in the "ietf-
alto" module contains a single 'alto-server' and a list 'alto-
client'.
'alto-client' defines a list of configurations for other applications
to bootstrap an ALTO client. These data nodes can also be used by
data sources and information resource creation algorithms that are
configured by an ALTO server instance.
The container 'alto-server' contains both configuration and
operational data of an administrated ALTO server instance.
module: ietf-alto
+--rw alto!
+--rw alto-client* [client-id] {alto-client}?
| ...
+--rw alto-server {alto-server}?
+...
+--rw auth-client* [client-id]
| ...
+--rw role* [role-name]
| +--rw role-name role-name
| +--rw client* client-ref
+--rw data-source* [source-id]
| ...
+--rw resource* [resource-id]
...
Figure 1: IETF ALTO Tree Structure
5.2. Data Model for ALTO Client Operation and Management
As shown in Figure 2, the 'alto-client' contains a list of client-
side configurations. Each 'alto-client' entry contains the following
data nodes:
'client-id': A unique identifier that can be referenced by other
applications.
'server-discovery-client': A container that is used to configure how
this ALTO client discovers an ALTO server.
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module: ietf-alto
+--rw alto!
+--rw alto-client* [client-id] {alto-client}?
| +--rw client-id string
| +--rw server-discovery-client
| +---u alto-server-discovery-client
...
Figure 2: IETF ALTO Client Subtree Structure
5.3. Data Model for Server-level Operation and Management
The ALTO server instance contains a set of data nodes for server-
level operation and management for ALTO that are shown in Figure 3.
This structure satisfies R1 - R4 in Section 4.2.
module: ietf-alto
+--rw alto!
...
+--rw alto-server {alto-server}?
+--rw listen
| +---u alto-server-listen-stack
+--rw server-discovery
| +---u alto-server-discovery
+--rw logging-system
| +---u alto-logging-system
+--rw cost-type* [cost-type-name]
| +--rw cost-type-name cost-type-name
| +--rw cost-mode identityref
| +--rw cost-metric identityref
| +--rw description? string
| +--rw cost-context {performance-metrics}?
| +--rw cost-source identityref
| +--rw parameters
| +--rw (parameters)?
+--rw meta* [meta-key]
| +--rw meta-key meta-key
| +--rw meta-value binary
...
Figure 3: IETF ALTO Server Level Subtree Structure
5.3.1. Data Model for ALTO Server Setup
To satisfy R1 in Section 4.2, the ALTO server instance contains the
basic data nodes for the server setup that are detailed in the
following subsections.
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5.3.1.1. ALTO Server Listen Stack
The container 'listen' contains all the data nodes for the whole
server listen stack across TCP, TLS, HTTP and application layers
(Figure 4).
grouping alto-server:
+-- base-uri? inet:uri
grouping alto-server-listen-stack:
+-- (transport)
+--:(http) {http-listen}?
| +-- http
| +-- tcp-server-parameters
| | +---u tcp:tcp-server-grouping
| +-- http-server-parameters
| | +---u http:http-server-grouping
| +-- alto-server-parameters
| +---u alto-server
+--:(https)
+-- https
+-- tcp-server-parameters
| +---u tcp:tcp-server-grouping
+-- tls-server-parameters
| +---u tls:tls-server-grouping
+-- http-server-parameters
| +---u http:http-server-grouping
+-- alto-server-parameters
+---u alto-server
Figure 4: IETF ALTO Server Groupings Structure
The 'transport' choice node enables which protocol layers to be
configured. By default, two cases are defined for different
deployment scenarios:
* The 'http' case is provided to support scenarios where the TLS-
termination is handled by other external components, e.g., reverse
proxies or ingress controllers.
* The 'https' case is provided to support scenarios where the whole
HTTPS server listen stack including TLS is handled by the ALTO
server itself.
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5.3.1.2. ALTO Server Discovery Setup
In practice, for a large-scale network consisting of multiple
administrative domains, the information about the network may be
partitioned and distributed over multiple ALTO servers. That may
require discovery and communication among different ALTO servers.
The "ietf-alto" module provides the configuration for how an ALTO
server can be discovered by another ALTO server or client on demand
(Figure 5). However, it does not contain any configuration for the
communication among ALTO servers because the related solution has not
become a standard. Future documents may extend it to fully support
multi-domain scenarios.
grouping alto-server-discovery:
+-- (server-discovery-manner)?
+--:(reverse-dns) {xdom-disc}?
+-- rdns-naptr-records
+-- static-prefix* inet:ip-prefix
+-- dynamic-prefix-source* data-source-ref
Figure 5: IETF ALTO Server Discovery Grouping Structure
The 'server-discovery' node provides configuration for the discovery
of ALTO servers using a variety of mechanisms. The initial version
of the "ietf-alto" module only defines the 'reverse-dns' case that is
used to configure DNS NAPTR records for ALTO server discovery as
suggested by [RFC7286] and [RFC8686]. It configures a set of
endpoints that can be served by this ALTO server. The node contains
two leaf lists. The 'static' list contains a list of manually
configured endpoints. The 'dynamic' list points to a list of data
sources to retrieve the endpoints dynamically. As suggested by
[RFC7286] and [RFC8686], the IP prefixes of the endpoints configured
by both 'static' and 'dynamic' lists will be translated into DNS
NAPTR resource records for server discovery. The 'server-discovery-
manner' choice can be augmented by the future modules to support
other mechanisms.
5.3.2. Data Model for Logging Management
To satisfy R2 in Section 4.2, the ALTO server instance contains the
the logging data nodes shown in Figure 6.
The 'logging-system' data node provides configuration to select a
logging system to capture log messages generated by an ALTO server.
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By default, 'syslog' is the only supported logging system. When
selecting 'syslog', the related configuration is delegated to the
configuration file of the syslog [RFC5424] server.
grouping alto-logging-system:
+-- (logging-system)?
+--:(syslog)
+-- syslog-params
+-- config-file? inet:uri
Figure 6: IETF ALTO Logging System Grouping Structure
A specific server implementation can extend the 'logging-system' node
to add other logging systems.
5.3.3. Data Model for ALTO-related Management
To satisfy R3 in Section 4.2, the data model contains the following
ALTO-related management information (Figure 3):
* The 'cost-type' list is the registry for the cost types that can
be used in the ALTO server.
* The 'meta' list contains the customized meta data of the ALTO
server. It is populated into the meta field of the default
Information Resource Directory (IRD).
5.3.4. Data Model for Security Management
To satisfy R4 in Section 4.2, the data model leverages HTTP and TLS
to provide basic security management for an ALTO server. All the
related configurations are covered by the server listen stack.
5.4. Data Model for ALTO Server Configuration Management
5.4.1. Data Source Configuration Management
To satisfy R5-1 in Section 4.2, the ALTO server instance contains a
list of 'data-source' entries to subscribe the data sources from
which ALTO information resources are derived (Section 16.2.4 of
[RFC7285]).
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module: ietf-alto
+--rw alto!
...
+--rw alto-server {alto-server}?
...
+--rw data-source* [source-id]
| +--rw source-id source-id
| +--rw source-type identityref
| +--rw source-params
...
Figure 7: IETF ALTO Server Data Source Subtree Structure
As shown in Figure 7, a 'data-source' list entry includes:
* A unique 'source-id' for resource creation algorithms to
reference.
* The 'source-type' attribute to declare the type of the data
source.
* The 'source-params' to specify where and how to query the data.
The 'data-source/source-params' node can be augmented for different
types of data sources. Note that the purpose of this node is not to
fully set up the communication mechanisms for specific data sources,
but to maintain how data sources are configured and expose them to
the ALTO server.
This data model only includes a basic structure for an ALTO server to
correctly interact with a data source. The implementation-specific
parameters of any certain data source can be augmented in another
module. An example is included in Appendix A.3.
5.4.2. ALTO Information Resources Configuration Management
To satisfy R5-2 and R-3 in Section 4.2, the ALTO server instance
contains a list of 'resource' entries (Figure 8). Each 'resource'
entry contains the data nodes of an ALTO information resource (See
Section 8.1 of [RFC7285]). The operator of the ALTO server can use
this model to create, update, and remove the ALTO information
resources.
Each 'resource' entry provides data nodes defining how to create or
update an ALTO information resource. Adding a new 'resource' entry
notifies the ALTO server to create a new ALTO information resource.
Updating an existing 'resource' entry notifies the ALTO server to
update the generation parameters (e.g., capabilities and the creation
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algorithm) of an existing ALTO information resource. Removing an
existing 'resource' entry will remove the corresponding ALTO
information resource.
module: ietf-alto
+--rw alto!
...
+--rw alto-server {alto-server}?
...
+--rw resource* [resource-id]
+--rw resource-id resource-id
+--rw resource-type identityref
+--rw description? string
+--rw accepted-role* role-ref
+--rw dependency* resource-ref
+--rw alto-ird-params
| +--rw delegation inet:uri
+--rw alto-networkmap-params
| +--rw is-default? boolean
| +--rw filtered? boolean
| +---u algorithm
+--rw alto-costmap-params
| +--rw filtered? boolean
| +---u filter-costmap-cap
| +---u algorithm
+--rw alto-endpointcost-params
| +---u filter-costmap-cap
| +---u algorithm
+--rw alto-endpointprop-params
| +--rw prop-type* endpoint-property
| +---u algorithm
+--rw alto-propmap-params {propmap}?
| +---u algorithm
+--rw alto-cdni-params {cdni}?
| +---u algorithm
+--rw alto-update-params {incr-update}?
| +---u algorithm
+--rw resource-limits
+--rw notify-res-mem-limit? uint64
+--rw notify-upd-stream-limit? uint64
{incr-update}?
notifications:
+---n alto-resource-event {alto-server}?
+--ro resource-id resource-ref
+--ro notify-res-mem-threshold? uint64
+--ro notify-upd-stream-threshold? uint64 {incr-update}?
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grouping filter-costmap-cap:
+-- cost-type-name* cost-type-ref
+-- cost-constraints? boolean
+-- max-cost-types? uint32 {multi-cost}?
+-- testable-cost-type-name* cost-type-ref {multi-cost}?
+-- calendar-attributes {cost-calendar}?
+-- cost-type-name* cost-type-ref
+-- time-interval-size decimal64
+-- number-of-intervals uint32
grouping algorithm:
+-- (algorithm)
Figure 8: IETF ALTO Resource Subtree Structure
A 'resource' list entry MUST include a unique 'resource-id' and a
'resource-type'.
It may also include an 'accepted-role' node containing a list of
'role-name's that is used by role-based access control for this ALTO
information resource. See Section 5.4.3 for details of information
resource access control.
For some 'resource-type', the 'resource' entry may also include a
'dependency' node containing the 'resource-id' of the dependent ALTO
information resources (Section 9.1.5 of [RFC7285]).
For each type of ALTO information resource, the 'resource' entry may
also need type-specific parameters. These type-specific parameters
can be split into two categories:
1. One category of the type-specific parameters is common for the
same type of ALTO information resource. They declare the
Capabilities of the ALTO information resource (Section 9.1.3 of
[RFC7285]).
2. The other category of the type-specific parameters is algorithm-
specific. The developer of the ALTO server can implement their
own creation algorithms and augment the 'algorithm' node to
declare algorithm-specific input parameters.
Except for the 'ird' resource, all the other types of 'resource'
entries have an augmented 'algorithm' node. The augmented
'algorithm' node can reference data sources subscribed by the 'data-
source' entries (See Section 5.4.1). An example of extending the
'algorithm' node for a specific type of 'resource' is included in
Appendix A.4.
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The developer does not have to customize the creation algorithm of
the 'ird' resource. The default 'ird' resource will be created
automatically based on all the added 'resource' entries. The
delegated 'ird' resource will be created as a static ALTO information
resource (Section 9.2.4 of [RFC7285]).
Each 'resource' entry may also set thresholds of memory usage and
active update streams (if "incr-update" feature is enabled). Table 3
describes limits that, once exceeded, will trigger notifications to
be generated:
+=========================+========================================+
| Notification Threshold | Description |
+=========================+========================================+
| notify-res-mem-limit | Used to notify high memory utilization |
| | of the resource configured to an ALTO |
| | server instance. When exceeded, an |
| | alto-resource-event will be generated. |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| notify-upd-stream-limit | Used to notify a high number of active |
| | update streams that are serviced by an |
| | update resource configured to an ALTO |
| | server instance. When exceeded, an |
| | alto-resource-event will be generated. |
+-------------------------+----------------------------------------+
Table 3: Notification Thresholds.
5.4.3. ALTO Information Resource Access Control Management
To satisfy R-3 in Section 4.2 and as per Section 15.5.2 of [RFC7285],
the "ietf-alto" module also defines authentication and authorization
related configuration to employ access control at the information
resource level. The ALTO server returns the IRD to the ALTO client
based on its authentication information.
The information resource access control is supported using the
structure shown in Figure 9.
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module: ietf-alto
+--rw alto!
...
+--rw alto-server {alto-server}?
...
+--rw auth-client* [client-id]
| +--rw client-id string
| +--rw (authentication)?
| +--:(http)
| | +--rw http-auth-client
| | {http-listen,http:client-auth-supported,
| | http:local-users-supported}?
| | +--rw user-id http-user-id-ref
| +--:(https)
| +--rw https-auth-client
| | {http:client-auth-supported,
| | http:local-users-supported}?
| | +--rw user-id? https-user-id-ref
| +--rw tls-auth-client
| {http:client-auth-supported}?
| +--rw ca-cert {tls:client-auth-x509-cert}?
| | +---u inline-or-truststore-ca-cert-ref
| +--rw ee-cert {tls:client-auth-x509-cert}?
| | +---u inline-or-truststore-ee-cert-ref
| +--rw raw-public-key
| | {tls:client-auth-raw-public-key}?
| | +---u inline-or-truststore-public-key-ref
| +--rw tls12-psks? empty
| | {tls:client-auth-tls12-psk}?
| +--rw tls13-epsks? empty
| {tls:client-auth-tls13-epsk}?
+--rw role* [role-name]
| +--rw role-name role-name
| +--rw client* client-ref
...
Figure 9: IETF ALTO Client Authentication Subtree Structure
The structure shown in Figure 9 can be used to configure the role-
based access control:
* 'auth-client' declares a list of ALTO clients that can be
authenticated by the internal or external authorization server.
This basic model only includes authentication approach directly
provided by the HTTP or TLS server, but the operators or future
documents can augment the 'authentication' choice for different
authentication mechanisms.
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* 'role' defines a list of roles for access control. Each role
contains a list of authenticated ALTO clients. Each client can be
assigned to multiple roles. The 'role-name' can be referenced by
the 'accepted-role' list of a 'resource'. If an authenticated
ALTO client is included in any roles with access permission to a
resource, the client is granted access to that resource.
6. Design of ALTO O&M Statistics Data Model
The "ietf-alto-stats" module augments the "ietf-alto" module to
include statistics at the ALTO server and information resource level
(Figure 10).
module: ietf-alto-stats
augment /alto:alto/alto:alto-server:
+--rw server-level-monitor-config
| +--rw time-window-size? uint32
+--ro server-level-stats
+---u server-level-stats
augment /alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:resource:
+--ro resource-level-stats
+---u resource-level-stats
grouping server-level-stats:
+-- discontinuity-time? yang:timestamp
+-- last-report-time? yang:timestamp
+-- num-total-req? yang:counter64
+-- num-total-succ? yang:counter64
+-- num-total-fail? yang:counter64
+-- num-total-last-req? yang:gauge64
+-- num-total-last-succ? yang:gauge64
+-- num-total-last-fail? yang:gauge64
grouping network-map-stats:
+-- num-map-pid? yang:gauge64
grouping prop-map-stats:
+-- num-map-entry? yang:gauge64
grouping cdni-stats:
+-- num-base-obj? yang:gauge64
grouping upd-stream-stats:
+-- num-upd-stream? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-total? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-max? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-min? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-avg? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-total-last? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-max-last? yang:gauge64
+-- num-upd-msg-min-last? yang:gauge64
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+-- num-upd-msg-avg-last? yang:gauge64
grouping resource-level-stats:
+-- discontinuity-time? yang:timestamp
+-- last-report-time? yang:timestamp
+-- num-res-upd? yang:counter64
+-- res-mem-size? uint64
+-- res-enc-size? uint64
+-- num-res-req? yang:counter64
+-- num-res-succ? yang:counter64
+-- num-res-fail? yang:counter64
+-- num-res-last-req? yang:gauge64
+-- num-res-last-succ? yang:gauge64
+-- num-res-last-fail? yang:gauge64
+-- network-map-stats
| +---u network-map-stats
+-- endpoint-prop-stats
| +---u prop-map-stats
+-- property-map-stats
| +---u prop-map-stats
+-- cdni-stats
| +---u cdni-stats
+-- upd-stream-stats
Figure 10: IETF ALTO Statistics Structure
6.1. Model for ALTO Server Failure Monitoring
To satisfy R6 in Section 4.2, the "ietf-alto-stats" module contains
statistics that indicate server failures (Figure 10).
More specifically, 'num-total-*' and 'num-total-last-*' provide
server-level failure counters; 'num-res-*' and 'num-res-last-*'
provide information resource-level failure counters.
6.2. Model for ALTO-specific Performance Monitoring
To satisfy R7 in Section 4.2,the "ietf-alto-stats" module also
contains statistics for ALTO-specific performance metrics
(Figure 10).
More specifically, this data model contains the following measurement
information of "system and service performance" suggested by
[RFC7285] and [RFC7971]:
* Requests and responses for each information resource
* CPU and memory utilization
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* ALTO map updates
* Number of PIDs
* ALTO map sizes
Besides the above measurement information suggested by [RFC7285] and
[RFC7971], the "ietf-alto-stats" module also contains useful
measurement information for other ALTO extensions:
* 'num-map-entry' and 'num-base-obj' provide measurement for number
of generic ALTO entities (for [RFC9240] and [RFC9241])
* 'num-upd-stream' and 'num-upd-msg-*' provide statistics for update
streams and messages (for [RFC8189])
The "ietf-alto-stats" module only focuses on the performance metrics
that can be directly measured at the ALTO server. The following
metrics for "measurement of the impact" suggested by [RFC7971] are
not contained in this data model:
* Total amount and distribution of traffic
* Application performance
7. ALTO OAM YANG Modules
7.1. The "ietf-alto" YANG Module
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-alto@2023-02-23.yang"
module ietf-alto {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-alto";
prefix alto;
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix inet;
reference
"RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types, Section 4";
}
import ietf-truststore {
prefix ts;
reference
"RFC BBBB: A YANG Data Model for a Truststore";
}
import ietf-tcp-server {
prefix tcp;
reference
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"RFC DDDD: YANG Groupings for TCP Clients and TCP Servers";
}
import ietf-tls-server {
prefix tls;
reference
"RFC FFFF: YANG Groupings for TLS Clients and TLS Servers";
}
import ietf-http-server {
prefix http;
reference
"RFC GGGG: YANG Groupings for HTTP Clients and HTTP Servers";
}
organization
"IETF ALTO Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/alto/about/>
WG List: <alto@ietf.org>";
description
"This YANG module defines a set of configured and operational
parameters of an administrated ALTO server instance.
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set
forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
(https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself
for full legal notices.";
revision 2023-02-23 {
description
"Initial Version.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
// Features
feature alto-client {
description
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"Indicates that the implementation embeds an ALTO client
instance.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol";
}
feature alto-server {
description
"Indicates that the implementation embeds an ALTO server
instance.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol";
}
feature http-listen {
description
"The 'http-listen' feature is only used for test deployment.
This feature shouldn't be used in the production
deployment.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 8.3.5 ";
}
feature xdom-disc {
description
"Indicates support of cross-domain server discovery.";
reference
"RFC 8686: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Cross-Domain Server Discovery";
}
feature multi-cost {
description
"Indicates support of multi-cost extension.";
reference
"RFC 8189: Multi-Cost Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO)";
}
feature incr-update {
description
"Indicates support of incremental update extension.";
reference
"RFC 8895: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Incremental Updates Using Server-Sent Events
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(SSE)";
}
feature cost-calendar {
description
"Indicates support of cost calendar extension.";
reference
"RFC 8896: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Cost
Calendar";
}
feature propmap {
description
"Indicates support of entity property map extension.";
reference
"RFC 9240: An ALTO Extension: Entity Property Maps";
}
feature cdni {
description
"Indicates support of CDNi extension.";
reference
"RFC 9241: Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI)
Request Routing: CDNI Footprint and Capabilities
Advertisement using ALTO";
}
feature path-vector {
description
"Indicates support of path vector extension.";
reference
"RFC 9275: An Extension for Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO): Path Vector";
}
feature performance-metrics {
description
"Indicates support of performance metrics extension.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics";
}
// Base identities
identity resource-type {
description
"Base identity for type of information resource.";
reference
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"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 8.1 ";
}
identity source-type {
description
"Base identity for type of data source. A data source
indicates the origin from which the ALTO information
resources are derived.";
}
identity cost-metric {
description
"The cost metric indicates what the cost represents.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 6.1.1";
}
identity cost-mode {
description
"The cost mode indicates how costs should be interpreted.
Specifically, the cost mode attribute indicates whether
indicated costs should be interpreted as numerical
values or ordinal rankings.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 6.1.2
RFC 9274: A Cost Mode Registry for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
identity cost-source {
description
"The cost source indicates the high-level type of the
data source.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 3.1";
}
// Identities for ALTO information resources
identity ird {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for information resource directory.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
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Protocol, Section 9";
}
identity network-map {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for network map.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 5";
}
identity cost-map {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for cost map.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 6";
}
identity endpoint-prop {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for endpoint property service.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 11.4.1";
}
identity endpoint-cost {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for endpoint cost service.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 11.5.1";
}
identity property-map {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for property map.";
reference
"RFC 9240: An ALTO Extension: Entity Property Maps";
}
identity cdni {
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base resource-type;
description
"Identity for Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI)
advertisement service.";
reference
"RFC 9241: Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI)
Request Routing: CDNI Footprint and Capabilities
Advertisement using ALTO";
}
identity update {
base resource-type;
description
"Identity for update stream service.";
reference
"RFC 8895: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Incremental Updates Using Server-Sent Events
(SSE)";
}
// Identities for cost mode
identity numerical {
base cost-mode;
description
"This mode indicates that it is safe to perform numerical
operations";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 6.1.2.1";
}
identity ordinal {
base cost-mode;
description
"This mode indicates that the cost values in a cost map
represent ranking";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 6.1.2.2";
}
identity array {
if-feature "path-vector";
base cost-mode;
description
"This mode indicates that every cost value in the response
body of a (Filtered) Cost Map or an Endpoint Cost Service is
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interpreted as a JSON array.";
reference
"RFC 9275: An Extension for Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO): Path Vector, Section 6.5.2";
}
// Identities for cost metrics
identity routingcost {
base cost-metric;
description
"This metric conveys a generic measure for the cost of
routing traffic from a source to a destination.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 6.1.1.1";
}
identity ane-path {
if-feature "path-vector";
base cost-metric;
description
"This metric indicates that the value of such a cost type
conveys an array of Abstract Network Element (ANE) names,
where each ANE name uniquely represents an ANE traversed by
traffic from a source to a destination.";
reference
"RFC 9275: An Extension for Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO): Path Vector, Section 6.5.1";
}
identity delay-ow {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"One-way delay.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 4.1";
}
identity delay-rt {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"Round-trip delay.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 4.2";
}
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identity delay-variation {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"Delay variation.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 4.3";
}
identity lossrate {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"Loss rate.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 4.4";
}
identity hopcount {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"Hop count.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 4.5";
}
identity tput {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"TCP throughput.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 5.1";
}
identity bw-residual {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
description
"Residual bandwidth.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 5.2";
}
identity bw-available {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-metric;
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description
"Available bandwidth.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 5.3";
}
// Identities for cost sources
identity nominal {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-source;
description
"The 'nominal' category indicates that the metric value is
statically configured by the underlying devices.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 3.1";
}
identity sla {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-source;
description
"The 'sla' category indicates that the metric value is
derived from some commitment which this document refers to
as service-level agreement (SLA).";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 3.1";
}
identity estimation {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
base cost-source;
description
"The 'estimation' category indicates that the metric value is
computed through an estimation process.";
reference
"RFC 9439: ALTO Performance Cost Metrics, Section 3.1";
}
// Typedefs
typedef resource-id {
type string {
length "1..64";
pattern '[0-9a-zA-Z\-:@_]*';
}
description
"Type for a resource ID that are used to reference an ALTO
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information resource.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 9.1.1";
}
typedef cost-type-name {
type string {
length "1..max";
}
description
"Type for the name of a single CostType that can be
referenced by other ALTO information resources.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 9.2.2";
}
typedef meta-key {
type string {
length "1..max";
}
description
"Type for a custom meta key of an ALTO server.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 8.4.1";
}
typedef endpoint-property {
type union {
type resource-specific-endpoint-property;
type global-endpoint-property;
}
description
"Type for an endpoint property.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 10.8";
}
typedef resource-specific-endpoint-property {
type string {
length "1..97";
pattern '[0-9a-zA-Z\-:@_]*\.[0-9a-zA-Z\-:_]*';
}
description
"Type for a resource-specific endpoint property.";
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reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 10.8.1";
}
typedef global-endpoint-property {
type string {
length "1..32";
pattern '[0-9a-zA-Z\-:_]*';
}
description
"Type for a global endpoint property.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 10.8.2";
}
typedef source-id {
type string {
length "1..max";
}
description
"Type for a data source ID that are used to reference a data
source.";
}
typedef role-name {
type string {
length "1..max";
}
description
"Type for a name of a role for role-based access control.";
}
// Typedefs for referencing purposes
typedef cost-type-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:cost-type"
+ "/alto:cost-type-name";
}
description
"Type to reference a cost type name.";
}
typedef data-source-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:data-source"
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+ "/alto:source-id";
}
description
"Type to reference a data source identifier.";
}
typedef http-user-id-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:listen"
+ "/alto:http/alto:http-server-parameters"
+ "/alto:client-authentication/alto:users"
+ "/alto:user/alto:user-id";
}
description
"Type to reference an HTTP client user id.";
}
typedef https-user-id-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:listen"
+ "/alto:https/alto:http-server-parameters"
+ "/alto:client-authentication/alto:users"
+ "/alto:user/alto:user-id";
}
description
"Type to reference an HTTPS client user id.";
}
typedef inline-ca-cert-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:listen"
+ "/alto:https/alto:tls-server-parameters"
+ "/alto:client-authentication/alto:ca-certs"
+ "/alto:inline-definition/alto:certificate"
+ "/alto:name";
}
description
"Type to reference a TLS CA certificate.";
}
typedef inline-ee-cert-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:listen"
+ "/alto:https/alto:tls-server-parameters"
+ "/alto:client-authentication/alto:ee-certs"
+ "/alto:inline-definition/alto:certificate"
+ "/alto:name";
}
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description
"Type to reference a TLS EE certificate.";
}
typedef inline-raw-public-key-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:listen"
+ "/alto:https/alto:tls-server-parameters"
+ "/alto:client-authentication/alto:raw-public-keys"
+ "/alto:inline-definition/alto:public-key"
+ "/alto:name";
}
description
"Type to reference a raw pubic key.";
}
typedef resource-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:resource"
+ "/alto:resource-id";
}
description
"Type to reference a resource identifier.";
}
typedef role-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:role"
+ "/alto:role-name";
}
description
"Type to reference a role.";
}
typedef client-ref {
type leafref {
path "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:auth-client"
+ "/alto:client-id";
}
description
"Type to reference an authenticated client.";
}
// Groupings
grouping filter-costmap-cap {
description
"This grouping defines a data model for
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FilteredCostMapCapabilities.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 11.3.2.4";
leaf-list cost-type-name {
type cost-type-ref;
min-elements 1;
description
"Supported cost types.";
}
leaf cost-constraints {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"If set to true, then the ALTO server allows cost
constraints to be included in requests to the
corresponding URI.";
}
leaf max-cost-types {
if-feature "multi-cost";
type uint32;
default "0";
description
"If present with value N greater than 0, this resource
understands the multi-cost extensions and can return a
multi-cost map with any combination of N or
fewer cost types in the 'cost-type-names' list.";
}
leaf-list testable-cost-type-name {
if-feature "multi-cost";
type cost-type-ref;
description
"If present, the resource allows constraint tests, but only
on the cost type names in this array.";
}
container calendar-attributes {
if-feature "cost-calendar";
description
"Configuration for CalendarAttributes.";
reference
"RFC 8896: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Cost Calendar, Section 4.1";
leaf-list cost-type-name {
type cost-type-ref;
min-elements 1;
description
"An array of one or more elements indicating the cost
type names in the IRD entry to which the values of
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'time-interval-size' and 'number-of-intervals' apply.";
}
leaf time-interval-size {
type decimal64 {
fraction-digits 4;
}
units "seconds";
mandatory true;
description
"The duration of an ALTO Calendar time interval.";
}
leaf number-of-intervals {
type uint32 {
range "1..max";
}
mandatory true;
description
"A strictly positive integer (greater or equal to 1) that
indicates the number of values of the Cost Calendar
array.";
}
}
}
grouping algorithm {
description
"This grouping defines the base data model for information
resource creation algorithm.";
choice algorithm {
mandatory true;
description
"Information resource creation algorithm to be augmented.";
}
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO) Protocol, Section 5.4.2";
}
grouping alto-server {
description
"A reuseable grouping for configuring an ALTO server without
any consideration for how underlying transport sessions are
established.";
leaf base-uri {
type inet:uri;
description
"The base URI for the ALTO server.";
}
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}
grouping alto-server-listen-stack {
description
"A reuseable grouping for configuring an ALTO server
'listen' protocol stack for a single connection.";
choice transport {
mandatory true;
description
"Selects between available transports.";
case http {
if-feature "http-listen";
container http {
description
"Configures ALTO server stack assuming that
TLS-termination is handled externally.";
container tcp-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the TCP server parameters
to avoid name collisions.";
uses tcp:tcp-server-grouping {
refine "local-port" {
default "80";
description
"The RESTCONF server will listen on the IANA-
assigned well-known port value for 'http' (80)
if no value is specified.";
}
}
}
container http-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the HTTP server parameters
to avoid name collisions.";
uses http:http-server-grouping;
}
container alto-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the ALTO server parameters
to avoid name collisiions.";
uses alto-server;
}
}
}
case https {
container https {
description
"Configures ALTO server stack assuming that
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TLS-termination is handled internally.";
container tcp-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the TCP server parameters
to avoid name collisions.";
uses tcp:tcp-server-grouping {
refine "local-port" {
default "443";
description
"The ALTO server will listen on the IANA-
assigned well-known port value for 'https'
(443) if no value is specified.";
}
}
}
container tls-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the TLS server parameters
to avoid name collisions.";
uses tls:tls-server-grouping;
}
container http-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the HTTP server parameters
to avoid name collisions.";
uses http:http-server-grouping;
}
container alto-server-parameters {
description
"A wrapper around the ALTO server parameters
to avoid name collisions.";
uses alto-server;
}
}
}
}
}
grouping alto-server-discovery {
description
"Grouping for the configuration of how to set up server
discovery for clients or other ALTO servers to discovery the
URI of this ALTO server.";
choice method {
description
"Selects among available server discovery methods.";
case reverse-dns {
if-feature "xdom-disc";
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description
"Configures DNS NAPTR records for cross-domain ALTO server
discovery using reverse DNS lookup.";
reference
"RFC 8686: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Cross-Domain Server Discovery.";
container rdns-naptr-records {
description
"Configuration parameters for DNS NAPTR records.";
leaf-list static-prefix {
type inet:ip-prefix;
description
"Specifies a list of static IP prefixes.";
}
leaf-list dynamic-prefix-source {
type data-source-ref;
description
"Dynamic IP prefixes collected from data sources.";
}
}
}
}
}
grouping alto-server-discovery-client {
description
"Grouping for configuration of how a client can discover
an ALTO server.";
choice method {
description
"Selects among available server discovery methods.";
case reverse-dns {
if-feature "xdom-disc";
description
"Uses reverse DNS lookup to discover an ALTO server.";
reference
"RFC 8686: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Cross-Domain Server Discovery.";
container rdns-params {
description
"Defines a set of parameters for reverse DNS
lookups.";
leaf-list dns-server {
type inet:host;
description
"Provides a DNS server list for reverse DNS lookup.";
}
}
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}
}
}
grouping alto-logging-system {
description
"Grouping for configuration of logging system used by the
ALTO server.";
choice logging-system {
description
"Selects among available logging systems.";
case syslog {
description
"Specifies syslog as the logging system.";
container syslog-params {
description
"Provides a set of syslog parameters.";
leaf config-file {
type inet:uri {
pattern 'file:.*';
}
description
"Indicates the file location of the syslog
configuration.";
}
}
}
}
}
grouping inline-or-truststore-ca-cert-ref {
description
"Grouping for the reference of a CA certificate to
authenticate the TLS client.";
choice inline-or-truststore {
description
"Selects between inline and truststore";
case inline {
if-feature "ts:inline-definitions-supported";
leaf inline {
type inline-ca-cert-ref;
description
"Reference to an inline CA certificate configured by
the TLS server.";
}
description
"Reference of an inline CA certificate to authenticate
the TLS client.";
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}
case central-truststore {
if-feature "ts:central-truststore-supported";
if-feature "ts:certificates";
uses ts:certificate-ref-grouping;
description
"Reference of a CA certificate in the truststore to
authenticate the TLS client.";
}
}
}
grouping inline-or-truststore-ee-cert-ref {
description
"Grouping for the reference of a EE certificate to
authenticate the TLS client.";
choice inline-or-truststore {
description
"Selects between inline and truststore";
case inline {
if-feature "ts:inline-definitions-supported";
leaf inline {
type inline-ee-cert-ref;
description
"Reference to an inline EE certificate configured by
the TLS server.";
}
description
"Reference of an inline EE certificate to authenticate
the TLS client.";
}
case central-truststore {
if-feature "ts:central-truststore-supported";
if-feature "ts:certificates";
uses ts:certificate-ref-grouping;
description
"Reference of a EE certificate in the truststore to
authenticate the TLS client.";
}
}
}
grouping inline-or-truststore-public-key-ref {
description
"Grouping for the reference of a raw public key to
authenticate the TLS client.";
choice inline-or-truststore {
description
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"Selects between inline and truststore";
case inline {
if-feature "ts:inline-definitions-supported";
leaf inline {
type inline-raw-public-key-ref;
description
"Reference to an inline public key configured by the
TLS server.";
}
description
"Reference of an inline public key to authenticate the
TLS client.";
}
case central-truststore {
if-feature "ts:central-truststore-supported";
if-feature "ts:public-keys";
uses ts:public-key-ref-grouping;
description
"Reference of a raw public key in the truststore to
authenticate the TLS client.";
}
}
}
// Top-level container
container alto {
presence "The ALTO service is enabled";
description
"Indicates a set of parameters for both ALTO clients and
servers. A single device can implement either alto-client or
alto-server. No need to implement both.";
list alto-client {
if-feature alto-client;
key "client-id";
description
"The ALTO client configuration.";
leaf client-id {
type string;
description
"A unique identifier of a client that can be referenced
by a data source or a resource creation algorithm to
communicate with other ALTO servers.";
}
container server-discovery {
description
"Specifies a set of parameters for ALTO server discovery.";
uses alto-server-discovery-client;
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}
}
container alto-server {
if-feature alto-server;
description
"The ALTO server instance configuration.";
container listen {
description
"Configure the ALTO server to listen for ALTO clients.";
uses alto-server-listen-stack;
}
container server-discovery {
description
"Configures how the ALTO server to be discovered by
others.";
uses alto-server-discovery;
}
container logging-system {
description
"Configure logging system to capture log messages
generated by the ALTO server.";
uses alto-logging-system;
}
list cost-type {
key "cost-type-name";
description
"Mapping between name and referenced cost type.";
leaf cost-type-name {
type cost-type-name;
description
"The name to reference a cost type.";
}
leaf cost-mode {
type identityref {
base cost-mode;
}
mandatory true;
description
"The referenced cost mode.";
}
leaf cost-metric {
type identityref {
base cost-metric;
}
mandatory true;
description
"The referenced cost metric.";
}
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leaf description {
type string;
description
"A human-readable description fo the 'cost-mode' and
'cost-metric'.";
}
container cost-context {
if-feature "performance-metrics";
description
"Context of how the metric is obtained.";
leaf cost-source {
type identityref {
base cost-source;
}
mandatory true;
description
"The referenced cost source.";
}
container parameters {
description
"Additional computation parameters for the cost
source.";
choice parameters {
description
"Cases of parameters to be augmented.";
}
}
}
}
list meta {
key "meta-key";
description
"Mapping of custom meta information";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Protocol, Section 8.4.1";
leaf meta-key {
type meta-key;
description
"Custom meta key";
}
leaf meta-value {
type binary;
mandatory true;
description
"Custom meta value encoded with the base64 encoding
schema. The encoded value must be a valid JSON
value.";
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}
}
list auth-client {
key "client-id";
description
"List of authenticated ALTO clients.";
leaf client-id {
type string;
description
"Identifier to reference an ALTO client.";
}
choice authentication {
description
"Choice of authentication methods to identify this
ALTO client. If no authentication method is
configured, the client must be ignored.";
case http {
description
"The client is authenticated by the HTTP server.";
container http-auth-client {
if-feature "http-listen";
if-feature "http:client-auth-supported";
if-feature "http:local-users-supported";
description
"Parameters of the authenticated HTTP client.";
leaf user-id {
type http-user-id-ref;
mandatory true;
description
"Reference of the user-id for the authenticated
HTTP client.";
}
}
}
case https {
description
"The client is authenticated by the HTTP server.";
container https-auth-client {
if-feature "http:client-auth-supported";
if-feature "http:local-users-supported";
description
"Parameters to identify an authenticated HTTPS
client.";
leaf user-id {
type https-user-id-ref;
description
"Reference of the user-id for the authenticated
HTTPS client.";
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}
}
container tls-auth-client {
if-feature "tls:client-auth-supported";
description
"Parameters to identify na authenticated TLS
client.";
container ca-cert {
if-feature "tls:client-auth-x509-cert";
description
"Reference of the CA certificate to authenticate
the TLS client.";
uses inline-or-truststore-ca-cert-ref;
}
container ee-cert {
if-feature "tls:client-auth-x509-cert";
description
"Reference of the EE certificate to authenticate
the TLS client.";
uses inline-or-truststore-ee-cert-ref;
}
container raw-public-key {
if-feature "tls:client-auth-raw-public-key";
description
"Reference of the raw public key to authenticate
the TLS client.";
uses inline-or-truststore-public-key-ref;
}
leaf tls12-psks {
if-feature "tls:client-auth-tls12-psk";
type empty;
description
"Identicate that the client is authenticated by
the TLS server using the configured PSKs
(pre-shared or pairwise-symmetric keys).";
}
leaf tls13-epsks {
if-feature "tls:client-auth-tls13-epsk";
type empty;
description
"Identicate that the client is authenticated by
the TLS 1.3 server using the configured external
PSKs (pre-shared keys).";
}
}
}
}
}
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list role {
key "role-name";
description
"List of roles for access control.";
leaf role-name {
type role-name;
description
"Name of a role for access control.";
}
leaf-list client {
type client-ref;
description
"List of authenticated ALTO clients assigned to the
role.";
}
}
list data-source {
key "source-id";
description
"List of subscribed data sources.";
leaf source-id {
type source-id;
description
"Data source id that can be referenced by information
resource creation algorithms.";
}
leaf source-type {
type identityref {
base source-type;
}
mandatory true;
description
"Identify the type of the data source.";
}
container source-params {
description
"Data source specific configuration.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol,
Section 5.4.1";
}
}
list resource {
key "resource-id";
description
"ALTO information resources to be defined";
leaf resource-id {
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type resource-id;
description
"resource-id to be defined.";
}
leaf resource-type {
type identityref {
base resource-type;
}
mandatory true;
description
"identityref to be defined.";
}
leaf description {
type string;
description
"The optional description for this information
resource.";
}
leaf-list accepted-role {
type role-ref;
description
"Roles allowed to access this information resource.";
}
leaf-list dependency {
type resource-ref;
description
"A list of dependent information resources.";
}
container alto-ird-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:ird")';
description
"IRD-specific configuration.";
leaf delegation {
type inet:uri;
mandatory true;
description
"Upstream IRD to be delegated.";
}
}
container alto-networkmap-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:network-map")';
description
"Filtered Network Map specific configuration.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Protocol, Sections 11.2.1 and
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11.3.1";
leaf is-default {
type boolean;
description
"Sets whether this is the default network map.";
}
leaf filtered {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"Configures whether filtered network map is
supported.";
}
uses algorithm;
}
container alto-costmap-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:cost-map")';
description
"Filtered Cost Map specific configuration.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Protocol, Sections 11.2.2 and
11.3.2";
leaf filtered {
type boolean;
description
"Configures whether filtered cost map is supported.";
}
uses filter-costmap-cap;
uses algorithm;
}
container alto-endpointcost-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:endpoint-cost")';
description
"Endpoint Cost Service specific configuration.";
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Protocol, Section 11.5";
uses filter-costmap-cap;
uses algorithm;
}
container alto-endpointprop-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:endpoint-prop")';
description
"Endpoint Cost Service specific configuration.";
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reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Protocol, Section 11.5";
leaf-list prop-type {
type endpoint-property;
min-elements 1;
description
"Supported endpoint properties.";
}
uses algorithm;
}
container alto-propmap-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:property-map")';
if-feature "propmap";
description
"(Filtered) Entity Property Map specific
configuration.";
reference
"RFC 9240: An ALTO Extension: Entity Property Maps";
uses algorithm;
}
container alto-cdni-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:cdni")';
if-feature "cdni";
description
"CDNi specific configuration.";
reference
"RFC 9241: Content Delivery Network Interconnection
(CDNI) Request Routing: CDNI Footprint and
Capabilities Advertisement using ALTO";
uses algorithm;
}
container alto-update-params {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:update")';
if-feature "incr-update";
description
"Incremental Updates specific configuration.";
reference
"RFC 8895: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Incremental Updates Using Server-Sent
Events (SSE)";
uses algorithm;
}
container resource-limits {
description
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"Sets resource limits.";
leaf notify-res-mem-limit {
type uint64;
units "bytes";
description
"Notification of resource memory usage.
Notification must be generated when the defined
threshold is reached.";
}
leaf notify-upd-stream-limit {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../../resource-type,'
+ '"alto:update")';
if-feature "incr-update";
type uint64;
description
"Notification of number of active update streams.
Notification must be generated when the defined
threshold is reached.";
}
}
}
}
}
// Notifications
notification alto-resource-event {
if-feature alto-server;
description
"Notifications must be generated when notify-res-mem-limit
and/or notify-upd-stream-limit thresholds are reached.";
leaf resource-id {
type resource-ref;
mandatory true;
description
"Resource identifier.";
}
leaf notify-res-mem-threshold {
type uint64;
units "bytes";
description
"The notify-res-mem-limit threshold has been fired.";
}
leaf notify-upd-stream-threshold {
if-feature "incr-update";
type uint64;
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description
"The notify-upd-stream-limit threshold has been fired.";
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
7.2. The "ietf-alto-stats" YANG Module
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-alto-stats@2023-02-23.yang"
module ietf-alto-stats {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-alto-stats";
prefix alto-stats;
import ietf-yang-types {
prefix yang;
reference
"RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types, Section 3";
}
import ietf-alto {
prefix alto;
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
organization
"IETF ALTO Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/alto/about/>
WG List: <alto@ietf.org>";
description
"This YANG module defines a set of statistics of an ALTO
server instance.
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to
the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set
forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX
(https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfcXXXX); see the RFC itself
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for full legal notices.";
revision 2023-02-23 {
description
"Initial Version.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
// Groupings
grouping server-level-stats {
description
"This grouping defines statistics for server-level
monitoring.";
leaf discontinuity-time {
type yang:timestamp;
description
"The time on the most recent occasion at which the ALTO
server suffered a discontinuity. This must be initialized
when the ALTO server is configured or rebooted.";
}
leaf last-report-time {
type yang:timestamp;
description
"The time on the most recent occasion at which the
statistics were reported.";
}
leaf num-total-req {
type yang:counter64;
description
"The total number of ALTO requests received by the ALTO
server.";
}
leaf num-total-succ {
type yang:counter64;
description
"The total number of successful responses sent by the ALTO
server.";
}
leaf num-total-fail {
type yang:counter64;
description
"The total number of failed responses sent by the ALTO
server.";
}
leaf num-total-last-req {
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type yang:gauge64;
description
"The total number of ALTO requests received by the ALTO
server within the last time window. The duration of the
time window is configured by time-window-size parameter.";
}
leaf num-total-last-succ {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The total number of successful responses sent by the ALTO
server within the last time window. The duration of the
time window is configured by time-window-size parameter.";
}
leaf num-total-last-fail {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The total number of failed responses sent by the ALTO
server within the last time window. The duration of the
time window is configured by time-window-size parameter.";
}
}
grouping network-map-stats {
description
"This grouping defines resource-specific statstics for the
network map service only.";
leaf num-map-pid {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Number of PIDs contained in the network map.";
}
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 5";
}
grouping prop-map-stats {
description
"This grouping defines resource-specific statstics for the
endpoint property or property map service only.";
leaf num-map-entry {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Number of ALTO entities contained in the property map.";
}
reference
"RFC 7285: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Protocol, Section 11.4.1
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RFC 9240: An ALTO Extension: Entity Property Maps";
}
grouping cdni-stats {
description
"This grouping defines resource-specific statstics for the
CDNI advertisement service only.";
leaf num-base-obj {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Number of base CDNi advertisement objects contained in the
CDNI resource.";
}
reference
"RFC 9241: Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI)
Request Routing: CDNI Footprint and Capabilities
Advertisement using ALTO";
}
grouping upd-stream-stats {
description
"This grouping defines resource-specific statstics for the
update stream service only.";
leaf num-upd-stream {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Number of active update streams connected to the update
stream service.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-total {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Total number of update messages sent to all the active
update streams.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-max {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The maximum value over the total number of update messages
sent to each active update stream. Assume there are 3
active update streams A, B, and C with 4, 3, and 2 update
messages sent to them respectively, the value of this
metric is 4. After a while, if there is no new update
message sent to any update stream, but the update stream A
is closed, then the value of this metric is updated to
3.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-min {
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type yang:gauge64;
description
"The minimum value over the total number of update messages
sent to each active update stream. The procedure is similar
to num-msg-max.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-avg {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The average value over the total number of update messages
sent to each active update stream. The procedure is similar
to num-msg-max.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-total-last {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"Total number of update messages sent to all the active
update streams within the last time window. The duration
of the time window is configured by time-window-size
parameter.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-max-last {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The maximum value over the number of update messages sent
to each active update stream within the last time window.
The procedure is similar to num-msg-max, but only count
the update messages within the last time window. The
duration of the time window is configured by
time-window-size parameter.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-min-last {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The minimal value over the number of update messages sent
to each active update stream within the last time window.
The procedure is similar to num-msg-max, but only count
the update messages within the last time window. The
duration of the time window is configured by
time-window-size parameter.";
}
leaf num-upd-msg-avg-last {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The average value over the number of update messages sent
to each active update stream within the last time window.
The procedure is similar to num-msg-max, but only count
the update messages within the last time window. The
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duration of the time window is configured by
time-window-size parameter.";
}
reference
"RFC 8895: Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Incremental Updates Using Server-Sent Events
(SSE)";
}
grouping resource-level-stats {
description
"This grouping defines statistics for resource-level
monitoring.";
leaf discontinuity-time {
type yang:timestamp;
description
"The time on the most recent occasion at which the ALTO
service providing the information resource suffered a
discontinuity. This must be initialized when the ALTO
information resource is configured or the ALTO server is
rebooted.";
}
leaf last-report-time {
type yang:timestamp;
description
"The time on the most recent occasion at which the
statistics are reported.";
}
leaf num-res-upd {
type yang:counter64;
description
"The number of version updates since the information
resource was created.";
}
leaf res-mem-size {
type uint64;
units "bytes";
description
"Memory size utilized by the information resource.";
}
leaf res-enc-size {
type uint64;
units "bytes";
description
"Size of JSON encoded data of the information resource.";
}
leaf num-res-req {
type yang:counter64;
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description
"The total number of ALTO requests to this information
resource.";
}
leaf num-res-succ {
type yang:counter64;
description
"The total number of successful responses for requests to
this information resource.";
}
leaf num-res-fail {
type yang:counter64;
description
"The total number of failed responses for requests to this
information resource.";
}
leaf num-res-last-req {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of ALTO requests to this information resource
within the last time window. The duration of the time
window is configured by time-window-size parameter.";
}
leaf num-res-last-succ {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of successful responses for requests to this
information resource within the last time window. The
duration of the time window is configured by
time-window-size parameter.";
}
leaf num-res-last-fail {
type yang:gauge64;
description
"The number of failed responses for requests to this
information resource within the last time window. The
duration of the time window is configured by
time-window-size parameter.";
}
container network-map-stats {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../../alto:resource-type,'
+ '"alto:network-map")';
description
"Resource-specific statistics for network map
service only.";
uses network-map-stats;
}
container endpoint-prop-stats {
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when 'derived-from-or-self(../../alto:resource-type,'
+ '"alto:endpoint-prop")';
description
"Resource-specific statistics for endpoint property
service only.";
uses prop-map-stats;
}
container property-map-stats {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../../alto:resource-type,'
+ '"alto:property-map")';
description
"Resource-specific statistics for entity property map
service only.";
uses prop-map-stats;
}
container cdni-stats {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../../alto:resource-type,'
+ '"alto:cdni")';
description
"Resource-specific statistics for CDNI advertisement
service only.";
uses cdni-stats;
}
container upd-stream-stats {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../../alto:resource-type,'
+ '"alto:update")';
description
"Resource-specific statistics for update stream service
only.";
uses upd-stream-stats;
}
}
// Augment modules to add statistics
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server" {
description
"Augmenting statistics and configuration parameters for
server-level monitoring.";
container server-level-monitor-config {
description
"Configuration parameters for server-level monitoring.";
leaf time-window-size {
type uint32;
units "seconds";
default "300";
description
"Duration of the time window within that the statistics
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are reported.";
}
}
container server-level-stats {
config false;
description
"Top-level statistics for the whole ALTO server.";
uses server-level-stats;
}
}
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:resource" {
description
"Augmenting statistics and configuration parameters for
resource-level monitoring.";
container resource-level-stats {
config false;
description
"Common statistics for each information resource.";
uses resource-level-stats;
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
8. Security Considerations
The "ietf-alto" and "ietf-alto-stats" YANG modules specified in this
document define a schema for data that is designed to be accessed via
network management protocols such as NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF
[RFC8040]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer,
and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is Secure Shell (SSH)
[RFC6242]. The lowest RESTCONF layer is HTTPS, and the mandatory-to-
implement secure transport is TLS [RFC8446].
The Network Configuration Access Control Model (NACM) [RFC8341]
provides the means to restrict access for particular NETCONF or
RESTCONF users to a preconfigured subset of all available NETCONF or
RESTCONF protocol operations and content.
There are a number of data nodes defined in these two YANG modules
that are writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is
the default). These data nodes may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable in some network environments. Write operations (e.g.,
edit-config) and delete operations to these data nodes without proper
protection or authentication can have a negative effect on network
operations. These are the subtrees and data nodes and their
sensitivity/ vulnerability:
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'/alto/alto-client/server-discovery': This subtree specifies a set
of parameters for an ALTO client to discover ALTO servers.
Unauthorized access to it could cause intruders to modify the ALTO
discovery parameters (e.g., 'dns-server') in order to expose an
ALTO client to fake ALTO servers. Likewise, this data node can be
manipulated to prevent an ALTO client from discovering a reachable
ALTO server.
'/alto/alto-server/auth-client': This list specifies all the
authenticated ALTO clients on an ALTO server. Unauthorized write
access to this list can allow intruders to modify the entries so
as to add a client that have not been authenticated yet or delete
a client that has already been authenticated. Likewise, this data
node can be manipulated to prevent access of legitimate ALTO
clients.
'/alto/alto-server/role': This list specifies roles which
authenticated ALTO clients were assigned to for access control.
Unauthorized write access to this list allow intruders to modify
the entries so as to permit access that should not be permitted,
or deny access that should be permitted.
Some of the readable data nodes in the "ietf-alto" YANG module may be
considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. It
is thus important to control read access (e.g., via get, get-config,
or notification) to these data nodes. These are the subtrees and
data nodes and their sensitivity/vulnerability:
'/alto/alto-server/logging-system': This subtree provides
configuration to select a logging system to capture log messages
generated by an ALTO server. Unauthorized read access of this
node can allow intruders to access logging information, which
could be used to craft an attack the server.
The "ietf-alto" supports an HTTP listen mode to cover cases where the
ALTO server stack does not handle the TLS termination itself, but is
handled by a separate component. Special care should be considered
when such mode is enabled. Note that the default listen mode is
'https'.
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Also, please be aware that these modules include choice nodes that
can be augmented by other extended modules. The augmented data nodes
may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network
environments. For instance, an augmented case of the 'source-params'
choice in 'data-source' may include authentication information about
how to access a data source including private network information.
The 'yang-datastore' case in Appendix A.3 is such an example. The
'restconf' and 'netconf' nodes in it may reveal the access to a
private YANG datastore. Thus, those extended modules may have the
NACM extension "default-deny-all" set.
These modules use groupings defined in other RFCs that define data
nodes that do set the NACM "default-deny-all" and "default-deny-
write" extensions. Specifically, the following data nodes reuse
groupings with their security considerations:
'/alto/alto-server/listen/http/http-server-parameters': This subtree
reuses the 'http-server-grouping' grouping defined in
[I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server]. The security
considerations of [I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server] have been
applied to it. Specifically, the 'server-name' and 'client-
authentication' nodes in it may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable. For this reason, the NACM extension "default-deny-
write" has been applied to them.
'/alto/alto-server/listen/https/http-server-parameters': This
subtree reuses the 'http-server-grouping' grouping defined in
[I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server]. The security
considerations of [I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server] have been
applied to it. Specifically, the 'server-name'and 'client-
authentication' nodes in it may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable. For this reason, the NACM extension "default-deny-
write" has been applied to them.
'/alto/alto-server/listen/https/tls-server-parameters': This subtree
reuses the 'tls-server-grouping' grouping defined in
[I-D.ietf-netconf-tls-client-server]. The security considerations
of [I-D.ietf-netconf-tls-client-server] have been applied to it.
Specifically, all the "key" and "private-key" data nodes in it
have the NACM extension "default-deny-all" set, thus preventing
unrestricted read-access to the cleartext key values. Also, all
writable data nodes in it may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable. For this reason, the NACM extension "default-deny-
write" has been applied to them.
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9. IANA Considerations
This document registers the following URIs in the "IETF XML Registry"
[RFC3688]:
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-alto
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-alto-stats
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
This document registers the following two YANG modules in the "YANG
Module Names" registry [RFC6020]:
Name: ietf-alto
Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-alto
Prefix: alto
Maintained by IANA: N
Reference: [RFC XXXX]
Name: ietf-alto-stats
Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-alto-stats
Prefix: alto-stats
Maintained by IANA: N
Reference: [RFC XXXX]
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-netconf-http-client-server]
Watsen, K., "YANG Groupings for HTTP 1.1/2.0 Clients and
HTTP Servers", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
ietf-netconf-http-client-server-14, 28 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
http-client-server-14>.
[I-D.ietf-netconf-netconf-client-server]
Watsen, K., "NETCONF Client and Server Models", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-netconf-netconf-
client-server-30, 28 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
netconf-client-server-30>.
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[I-D.ietf-netconf-restconf-client-server]
Watsen, K., "RESTCONF Client and Server Models", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-
client-server-30, 28 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
restconf-client-server-30>.
[I-D.ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server]
Watsen, K. and M. Scharf, "YANG Groupings for TCP Clients
and TCP Servers", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
ietf-netconf-tcp-client-server-17, 28 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
tcp-client-server-17>.
[I-D.ietf-netconf-tls-client-server]
Watsen, K., "YANG Groupings for TLS Clients and TLS
Servers", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
netconf-tls-client-server-34, 28 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
tls-client-server-34>.
[I-D.ietf-netconf-trust-anchors]
Watsen, K., "A YANG Data Model for a Truststore", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-netconf-trust-
anchors-22, 28 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netconf-
trust-anchors-22>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3688>.
[RFC5424] Gerhards, R., "The Syslog Protocol", RFC 5424,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5424, March 2009,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5424>.
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6020>.
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[RFC6241] Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
(NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6241>.
[RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6242>.
[RFC6991] Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
RFC 6991, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6991>.
[RFC7285] Alimi, R., Ed., Penno, R., Ed., Yang, Y., Ed., Kiesel, S.,
Previdi, S., Roome, W., Shalunov, S., and R. Woundy,
"Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol",
RFC 7285, DOI 10.17487/RFC7285, September 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7285>.
[RFC7286] Kiesel, S., Stiemerling, M., Schwan, N., Scharf, M., and
H. Song, "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Server Discovery", RFC 7286, DOI 10.17487/RFC7286,
November 2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7286>.
[RFC8040] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF
Protocol", RFC 8040, DOI 10.17487/RFC8040, January 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8040>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8189] Randriamasy, S., Roome, W., and N. Schwan, "Multi-Cost
Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)", RFC 8189,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8189, October 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8189>.
[RFC8341] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
Access Control Model", STD 91, RFC 8341,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8341, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8341>.
[RFC8342] Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., Shafer, P., Watsen, K.,
and R. Wilton, "Network Management Datastore Architecture
(NMDA)", RFC 8342, DOI 10.17487/RFC8342, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8342>.
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[RFC8446] Rescorla, E., "The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol
Version 1.3", RFC 8446, DOI 10.17487/RFC8446, August 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8446>.
[RFC8686] Kiesel, S. and M. Stiemerling, "Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO) Cross-Domain Server Discovery",
RFC 8686, DOI 10.17487/RFC8686, February 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8686>.
[RFC8895] Roome, W. and Y. Yang, "Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO) Incremental Updates Using Server-Sent
Events (SSE)", RFC 8895, DOI 10.17487/RFC8895, November
2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8895>.
[RFC8896] Randriamasy, S., Yang, R., Wu, Q., Deng, L., and N.
Schwan, "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Cost Calendar", RFC 8896, DOI 10.17487/RFC8896, November
2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8896>.
[RFC9240] Roome, W., Randriamasy, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., and K.
Gao, "An Extension for Application-Layer Traffic
Optimization (ALTO): Entity Property Maps", RFC 9240,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9240, July 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9240>.
[RFC9241] Seedorf, J., Yang, Y., Ma, K., Peterson, J., and J. Zhang,
"Content Delivery Network Interconnection (CDNI) Footprint
and Capabilities Advertisement Using Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO)", RFC 9241,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9241, July 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9241>.
[RFC9274] Boucadair, M. and Q. Wu, "A Cost Mode Registry for the
Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol",
RFC 9274, DOI 10.17487/RFC9274, July 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9274>.
[RFC9275] Gao, K., Lee, Y., Randriamasy, S., Yang, Y., and J. Zhang,
"An Extension for Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO): Path Vector", RFC 9275, DOI 10.17487/RFC9275,
September 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9275>.
[RFC9439] Wu, Q., Yang, Y., Lee, Y., Dhody, D., Randriamasy, S., and
L. Contreras, "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization
(ALTO) Performance Cost Metrics", RFC 9439,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9439, August 2023,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9439>.
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10.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-alto-new-transport]
Gao, K., Schott, R., Yang, Y. R., Delwiche, L., and L.
Keller, "The ALTO Transport Information Publication
Service", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-
alto-new-transport-22, 3 January 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-alto-
new-transport-22>.
[RFC6291] Andersson, L., van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R., Romascanu,
D., and S. Mansfield, "Guidelines for the Use of the "OAM"
Acronym in the IETF", BCP 161, RFC 6291,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6291, June 2011,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6291>.
[RFC7921] Atlas, A., Halpern, J., Hares, S., Ward, D., and T.
Nadeau, "An Architecture for the Interface to the Routing
System", RFC 7921, DOI 10.17487/RFC7921, June 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7921>.
[RFC7971] Stiemerling, M., Kiesel, S., Scharf, M., Seidel, H., and
S. Previdi, "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO)
Deployment Considerations", RFC 7971,
DOI 10.17487/RFC7971, October 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7971>.
[RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8340>.
[RFC8346] Clemm, A., Medved, J., Varga, R., Liu, X.,
Ananthakrishnan, H., and N. Bahadur, "A YANG Data Model
for Layer 3 Topologies", RFC 8346, DOI 10.17487/RFC8346,
March 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8346>.
[RFC8641] Clemm, A. and E. Voit, "Subscription to YANG Notifications
for Datastore Updates", RFC 8641, DOI 10.17487/RFC8641,
September 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8641>.
Appendix A. Examples of Extending the ALTO O&M Data Model
Developers and operators can also extend the ALTO O&M data model to
align with their own implementations. Specifically, the following
nodes of the data model can be augmented:
* The server-discovery-manner choice of the server-discovery.
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* The authentication choice of each auth-client.
* The data-source node.
* The algorithm choice of the resource-params of each resource.
A.1. An Example Module for Extended Server Discovery Manners
The base module "ietf-alto" only includes a reverse DNS based server
discovery manner. The following example module demonstrates how
additional server discovery methods can be augmented into the base
data model.
The case internet-routing-registry allows the ALTO server to update
the server URI to the attribute of the corresponding aut-num class in
IRR.
The case peeringdb allows the ALTO server to update the server URI to
the org object of the organization record in PeeringDB.
module example-alto-server-discovery {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "https://example.com/ns/example-alto-server-discovery";
prefix ex-alto-disc;
import ietf-alto {
prefix alto;
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix inet;
reference
"RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";
}
organization
"Example, Inc.";
contact
"Example, Inc.
Customer Service
E-mail: alto-oam-yang@example.com";
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description
"This module contains a collection of vendor-specific cases of
server discovery mechanisms for ALTO.";
revision 2023-02-28 {
description
"Version 1.0";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:server-discovery"
+ "/alto:method" {
description
"Examples of server discovery mechanisms provided by the ALTO
server.";
case internet-routing-registry {
description
"Update descr attributes of an aut-num class in an Internet
Routing Registry (IRR) database for ALTO server discovery
using Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL).";
reference
"RFC 2622: Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL).";
container irr-params {
description
"Configuration parameters for IRR database.";
leaf aut-num {
type inet:as-number;
description
"The Autonomous System (AS) number to be updated.";
}
}
}
case peeringdb {
description
"Update metadata of a network record in PeeringDB database
for ALTO server discovery using PeeringDB lookup.";
container peeringdb-params {
description
"Configuration parameters for PeeringDB database.";
leaf org-id {
type uint32;
description
"Specifies an identifier that refers to the org object
of the organization record in PeeringDB.";
}
}
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}
}
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-client"
+ "/alto:server-discovery/alto:method" {
description
"Examples of server discovery mechanisms used by an ALTO
client.";
case internet-routing-registry {
description
"Use IRR to discover an ALTO server.";
reference
"RFC 2622: Routing Policy Specification Language (RPSL).";
container irr-params {
description
"Configuration for IRR query using RPSL.";
leaf whois-server {
type inet:host;
description
"Whois server for an IRR query using RPSL.";
}
}
}
case peeringdb {
description
"Use PeeringDB to discover an ALTO server.";
container peeringdb-params {
description
"Configuration for PeeringDB queries.";
leaf peeringdb-endpoint {
type inet:uri;
description
"Endpoint of PeeringDB API server.";
}
}
}
}
}
A.2. An Example Module for Extended Client Authentication Approaches
The base module "ietf-alto" only includes the client authentication
approaches directly provided by the HTTP server. However, an
implementation may authenticate clients in different ways. For
example, an implementation may delegate the authentication to a
third-party OAuth 2.0 server. The following example module
demonstrates how additional client authentication approaches can
enrich the base data model.
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In this example, the oauth2 case includes the URI to a third-party
OAuth 2.0 based authorization server that the ALTO server can
redirect to for the client authentication.
module example-alto-auth {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "https://example.com/ns/example-alto-auth";
prefix ex-alto-auth;
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix inet;
reference
"RFC 6991: Common YANG Data Types";
}
import ietf-alto {
prefix alto;
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
organization
"Example, Inc.";
contact
"Example, Inc.
Customer Service
E-mail: alto-oam-yang@example.com";
description
"This module contains a collection of vendor-specific cases of
client authentication approaches for ALTO.";
revision 2023-02-28 {
description
"Version 1.0";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:auth-client"
+ "/alto:authentication" {
description
"Example of extended ALTO client authentication approaches.";
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case oauth2 {
description
"Example of authentication by a third-party OAuth 2.0
server.";
container oauth2 {
description
"Parameters for authentication by a third-party OAuth 2.0
server.";
leaf oauth2-server {
type inet:uri;
description
"The URI to the authorization server.";
}
}
}
}
}
A.3. Example Module for Extended Data Sources
The base module "ietf-alto" does not include any choice cases for
specific data sources. The following example module demonstrates how
a implementation-specific data source can be augmented into the base
data model.
The yang-datastore case is used to import the YANG data from a YANG
model-driven datastore. It includes:
* datastore to indicate which datastore is fetched.
* target-paths to specify the list of nodes or subtrees in the
datastore.
* protocol to indicate which protocol is used to access the
datastore. Either restconf or netconf can be used.
module example-alto-data-source {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "https://example.com/ns/example-alto-data-source";
prefix ex-alto-ds;
import ietf-alto {
prefix alto;
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
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import ietf-datastores {
prefix ds;
reference
"RFC 8342: Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)";
}
import ietf-yang-push {
prefix yp;
reference
"RFC 8641: Subscription to YANG Notifications for Datastore
Updates";
}
import ietf-netconf-client {
prefix ncc;
reference
"RFC HHHH: NETCONF Client and Server Models";
}
import ietf-restconf-client {
prefix rcc;
reference
"RFC IIII: YANG Groupings for RESTCONF Clients and RESTCONF
Servers";
}
organization
"Example, Inc.";
contact
"Example, Inc.
Customer Service
E-mail: alto-oam-yang@example.com";
description
"This module contains a collection of vendor-specific cases of
data sources for ALTO.";
revision 2023-02-28 {
description
"Version 1.0";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
identity yang-datastore {
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base alto:source-type;
description
"Identity for data source of YANG-based datastore.";
}
identity protocol-type {
description
"Base identity for protocol type.";
}
identity netconf {
base protocol-type;
description
"Identity for NETCONF protocol.";
}
identity restconf {
base protocol-type;
description
"Identity for RESTCONF protocol.";
}
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:data-source"
+ "/alto:source-params" {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../alto:source-type,'
+ '"yang-datastore")';
description
"Example data source for local or remote YANG datastore.";
container yang-datastore-source-params {
description
"YANG datastore specific configuration.";
leaf datastore {
type ds:datastore-ref;
mandatory true;
description
"Reference of the datastore from which to get data.";
}
list target-paths {
key name;
description
"XML Path Language (XPath) to subscribed YANG datastore
node or subtree.";
leaf name {
type string;
description
"Name of the supported XPath or subtree filters.";
}
uses yp:selection-filter-types;
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}
leaf protocol {
type identityref {
base protocol-type;
}
description
"Indicates the protocol that is used to access the YANG
datastore.";
}
container restconf {
uses rcc:restconf-client-app-grouping {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../protocol, "restconf")';
}
description
"Parameters for the RESTCONF endpoint of the YANG
datastore.";
}
container netconf {
uses ncc:netconf-client-app-grouping {
when 'derived-from-or-self(../protocol, "netconf")';
}
description
"Parameters for the NETCONF endpoint of the YANG
datastore.";
}
}
}
}
A.4. An Example Module for Information Resource Creation Algorithm
The base module "ietf-alto" does not include any choices cases for
information resource creation algorithms. But developers may augment
the "ietf-alto" module with definitions for custom creation
algorithms for different information resources. The following
example module demonstrates the parameters of a network map creation
algorithm that translates an IETF Layer 3 unicast topology into a
network map.
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module: example-alto-alg
augment /alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:resource
/alto:alto-networkmap-params/alto:algorithm:
+--:(l3-unicast-cluster)
+--rw l3-unicast-cluster-algorithm
+--rw l3-unicast-topo
| +--rw source-datastore alto:data-source-ref
| +--rw topo-name? leafref
+--rw depth? uint32
This example defines a creation algorithm called l3-unicast-cluster-
algorithm for the network map resource. It takes two algorithm-
specific parameters:
'l3-unicast-topo': This parameter contains information referring to
the target path name of an operational yang-datastore data source
node (See Appendix A.3) subscribed in the data-source list (See
Section 5.4.1). The referenced target path in the corresponding
yang-datastore data source is assumed for an IETF layer 3 unicast
topology defined in [RFC8346]. The algorithm uses the topology
data from this data source to compute the ALTO network map
resource. 'source-datastore' refers to the 'source-id' of the
operational yang-datastore data source node, and 'topo-name'
refers to the 'name' of the target path in the source datastore.
'depth': This optional parameter sets the depth of the clustering
algorithm. For example, if the depth is set to 1, the algorithm
will generate PID for every l3-node in the topology.
The creation algorithm can be reactively called once the referenced
data source updates. Therefore, the ALTO network map resource can be
updated dynamically.
module example-alto-alg {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace "https://example.com/ns/example-alto-alg";
prefix ex-alto-alg;
import ietf-alto {
prefix alto;
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
import ietf-datastores {
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prefix ietf-datastores;
reference
"RFC 8342: Network Management Datastore Architecture (NMDA)";
}
import example-alto-data-source {
prefix ex-alto-ds;
}
organization
"Example, Inc.";
contact
"Example, Inc.
Customer Service
E-mail: alto-oam-yang@example.com";
description
"This module contains a collection of vendor-specific cases of
information resource creation algorithms for ALTO.";
revision 2023-02-28 {
description
"Version 1.0";
reference
"RFC XXXX: YANG Data Models for the Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol";
}
augment "/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:resource"
+ "/alto:alto-networkmap-params/alto:algorithm" {
description
"Example of a network map creation algorithm.";
case l3-unicast-cluster {
description
"Example algorithm translating a Layer 3 unicast topology
of Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) to an ALTO
network map.";
container l3-unicast-cluster-algorithm {
description
"Parameters for l3-unicast-cluster algorithm.";
container l3-unicast-topo {
leaf source-datastore {
type alto:data-source-ref;
must 'deref(.)/../alto:source-params'
+ '/ex-alto-ds:yang-datastore-source-params'
+ '/ex-alto-ds:datastore '
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+ '= "ietf-datastores:operational"'
{
error-message
"The referenced YANG datastore MUST be
operational";
}
mandatory true;
description
"The data source to YANG datastore.";
}
leaf topo-name {
type leafref {
path '/alto:alto/alto:alto-server/alto:data-source'
+ '[alto:source-id'
+ ' = current()/../source-datastore]'
+ '/alto:source-params'
+ '/ex-alto-ds:yang-datastore-source-params'
+ '/ex-alto-ds:target-paths/ex-alto-ds:name';
}
description
"The name of the IETF Layer 3 unicast topology.";
}
description
"The data source info to an IETF Layer 3 unicast
topology.";
}
leaf depth {
type uint32;
description
"The depth of the clustering.";
}
}
}
}
}
A.5. Example Usage
This section presents an example showing how the base data model and
all the extended models above are used to set up an ALTO server and
configure corresponding components (e.g., data source listener,
information resource, and access control).
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=============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================
{
"ietf-alto:alto": {
"alto-server": {
"listen": {
"https": {
"tcp-server-parameters": {
"local-address": "0.0.0.0"
},
"alto-server-parameters": {},
"http-server-parameters": {
"server-name": "alto.example.com",
"client-authentication": {
"users": {
"user": [
{
"user-id": "alice",
"basic": {
"user-id": "alice",
"password": "$0$p8ssw0rd"
}
}
]
}
}
},
"tls-server-parameters": {
"server-identity": {}
}
}
},
"server-discovery": {
"example-alto-server-discovery:irr-params": {
"aut-num": 64496
}
},
"auth-client": [
{
"client-id": "alice",
"https-auth-client": {
"user-id": "alice"
}
},
{
"client-id": "bob",
"example-alto-auth:oauth2": {
"oauth2-server": "https://auth.example.com/login"
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}
}
],
"role": [
{
"role-name": "group0",
"client": [
"alice",
"bob"
]
}
],
"data-source": [
{
"source-id": "test-yang-ds",
"source-type": "example-alto-data-source:yang-datastore",
"source-params": {
"example-alto-data-source:yang-datastore-source-params"\
: {
"datastore": "ietf-datastores:operational",
"target-paths": [
{
"name": "network-topology",
"datastore-xpath-filter": "/network-topology:\
network-topology/topology[topology-id=bgp-example-ipv4-topology]"
}
],
"protocol": "restconf",
"restconf": {
"listen": {
"endpoint": [
{
"name": "example restconf server",
"https": {
"tcp-server-parameters": {
"local-address": "192.0.2.2"
},
"http-client-parameters": {
"client-identity": {
"basic": {
"user-id": "carol",
"cleartext-password": "secret"
}
}
}
}
}
]
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}
}
}
}
}
],
"resource": [
{
"resource-id": "default-network-map",
"resource-type": "network-map",
"accepted-role": [
"group0"
],
"alto-networkmap-params": {
"is-default": true,
"example-alto-alg:l3-unicast-cluster-algorithm": {
"l3-unicast-topo": {
"source-datastore": "test-yang-ds",
"topo-name": "network-topology"
},
"depth": 2
}
}
}
]
}
}
}
Note that this example only uses a clear text password for
demonstration purpose. In practice, it is NOT RECOMMENDED to use any
clear text passwords when using this data model.
Appendix B. A Sample ALTO Server Architecture to Implement ALTO O&M
YANG Modules
Figure 11 shows a sample architecture for an ALTO server
implementation. It indicates the major server components that an
ALTO server usually needs to include and the YANG modules that these
server components need to implement.
This section does not intend to impose an internal structure of
server implementations, but is provided to exemplify how the
various data model components can be used, including having
provisions for future augmentations.
The following server components need to implement the 'ietf-alto'
module (Section 5):
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Server manager: Provides the functionality and configuration of the
server-level management, including server listen stack setup,
server discovery setup, logging system configuration, global
metadata, and server-level security configuration.
Information resource manager: Provides the operation and management
for creating, updating, and removing ALTO information resources.
Data source listener: An ALTO server may start multiple data source
listeners. Each data source listener defines a communication
endpoint that can fetch ALTO-related information from data
sources. The information can be either raw network/computation
information or pre-processed ALTO-level information.
The following components need to implement the 'ietf-alto-stats'
module (Section 6) to provide statistics information:
Performance monitor: Collects ALTO-specific performance metrics at a
running ALTO server.
Logging and fault manager: Collects runtime logs and failure events
that are generated by an ALTO server and the service of each ALTO
information resource.
The following components are also important for an ALTO server,
although they are not in the scope of the data models defined in this
document:
Data broker: An ALTO server may implement a data broker to store
network/computation information collected from data sources or
cache some preprocessed data. The service of the ALTO information
resource can read them from the data broker to calculate ALTO
responses and return to ALTO clients.
Algorithm plugin: The service of each ALTO information resource
needs to configure an algorithm to decide how to calculate the
ALTO responses. The algorithm plugins implement those algorithms.
User-specified YANG modules can be applied to different algorithm
plugins by augmenting the ALTO modules (Appendix A).
Generally, the ALTO server components illustrated above have the
following interactions with each other:
* Both the server manager and information resource manager will
report statistics data to the performance monitor and the logging
and fault manager.
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* The algorithm plugins will register callbacks to the corresponding
ALTO information resources upon configuration; Once an ALTO
information resource is requested, the registered callback
algorithm will be invoked.
* A data source listener will fetch data from the configured data
source using the corresponding data source API in either proactive
mode (polling) or reactive mode (subscription/publication).
* A data source listener will send the preprocessed data to a data
broker.
* An algorithm plugin may read data from an optional data broker to
calculate the ALTO information resource.
+----------------------+ +-----------------+
| Performance Monitor: |<-----| Server Manager: |
| "ietf-alto-stats" |<-+ +-| "ietf-alto" |
+----------------------+ | | +-----------------+
report
+----------------------+ | | +-------------------+
| Logging and Fault | +---| Information |
| Manager: |<---+ | Resource Manager: |
| "ietf-alto-stats" |<-----| "ietf-alto" |
+----------------------+ +-------------------+
^|
|| callback
|v
............. ................................
/ \ <------ . Algorithm Plugin: .
. Data Broker . read . "example-alto-alg" .
............... ................................
^
| write
+----------------+ Data Source ++=============++
| Data Source | API || ||
| Listener: | <=====-=====> || Data Source ||
| "ietf-alto" | || ||
+----------------+ ++=============++
Figure 11: A Sample ALTO Server Architecture and ALTO YANG Modules
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Qin Wu for the help with drafting the initial
version of the YANG modules. Big thanks also to ALTO WG chairs
(Mohamed Boucadair and Qin Wu) and Adrian Farrel, Dong Guo, Jordi Ros
Giralt, Luis M. Contreras, Mahdi Soleimani, Qiao Xiang, Shenshen
Chen, and Y. Richard Yang for their thorough reviews, shepherding,
and valuable feedback.
Thanks to Dan Romascanu for the opsdir and genart reviews, Andy
Bierman for the yangdoctors review, Spencer Dawkins for the tsvart
review, Scott Rose for the dnsdir review, and Rich Salz for the
secdir review.
Thanks to Martin Duke for the careful AD review.
Authors' Addresses
Jingxuan Jensen Zhang
Tongji University
4800 Cao'An Hwy
Shanghai
201804
China
Email: jingxuan.n.zhang@gmail.com
Dhruv Dhody
Huawei Technologies
Divyashree Techno Park, Whitefield
Bangalore 560066
Karnataka
India
Email: dhruv.ietf@gmail.com
Kai Gao
Sichuan University
No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road
Chengdu
Sichuan, 610000
China
Email: kaigao@scu.edu.cn
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Roland Schott
Deutsche Telekom
Ida-Rhodes-Straße 2
64295 Darmstadt
Germany
Email: Roland.Schott@telekom.de
Qiufang Ma
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing
Jiangsu, 210012
China
Email: maqiufang1@huawei.com
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