Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-bess-evpn-na-flags
draft-ietf-bess-evpn-na-flags
BESS Workgroup J. Rabadan, Ed.
Internet-Draft S. Sathappan
Intended status: Standards Track K. Nagaraj
Expires: June 4, 2021 Nokia
W. Lin
Juniper
December 1, 2020
Propagation of ARP/ND Flags in EVPN
draft-ietf-bess-evpn-na-flags-09
Abstract
This document defines an Extended Community that is advertised along
with an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route and carries information
relevant to the ARP/ND resolution, so that an EVPN PE implementing a
proxy-ARP/ND or ARP/ND (on IRB interfaces) function can reply to ARP
Requests or Neighbor Solicitations with the correct information.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 4, 2021.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Terminology and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. The EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Use of the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Transmission of the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community . . . 5
3.2. Reception of the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community . . . . . 6
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1. Introduction
An Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) MAC/IP Advertisement route
can optionally carry IPv4 or IPv6 addresses associated with a MAC
address. Remote Provider Edge (PE) routers can use this information
to populate their Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) or Neighbor
Discovery (ND) tables on Integrated Routing and Bridging (IRB)
interfaces or their proxy-ARP/ND tables in Broadcast Domains (BD).
PEs can then reply locally (act as an ARP/ND proxy, as per [RFC7432])
to IPv4 ARP requests and IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation messages and
reduce/suppress the flooding produced by the Address Resolution
procedure. However, the information conveyed in the EVPN MAC/IP
Advertisement route may not be enough for the remote PE to reply to
local ARP or ND requests. For example, if a PE learns an IPv6->MAC
ND entry via EVPN, the PE would not know if that particular IPv6->MAC
pair belongs to a router or a host, and if that address is an anycast
address, as this information is not carried in the EVPN MAC/IP
Advertisement routes.
This document defines an Extended Community that is advertised along
with an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route and carries information
relevant to the ARP/ND resolution, so that an EVPN PE implementing a
proxy-ARP/ND function can reply to ARP Requests or Neighbor
Solicitations with the correct information. In particular, the Flags
defined in [RFC4861] can now be conveyed along with a MAC/IP
Advertisement route, so that an egress EVPN PE can issue Neighbor
Advertisement messages with the correct Flag information.
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The Flags are carried in the EVPN Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
and Neighbor Discovery (ND) Extended Community, as described in the
following sections.
1.1. Terminology and Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
EVPN: Ethernet Virtual Private Networks, as in [RFC7432].
BD: Broadcast Domain, also described in [RFC7432].
ARP: Address Resolution Protocol.
ND: Neighbor Discovery protocol, specified in [RFC4861].
PE: Provider Edge router.
CE: Customer Edge router.
IRB: Integrated Routing and Bridging interface.
Proxy-ARP/ND: function on the EVPN PEs by which received Address
Resolution Protocol (ARP) Requests or Neighbor Solicitation (NS)
messages are replied to locally by the PE, without the need to flood
the requests to remote PEs in the BD. In order to reply to ARP
Requests or NS messages, the PE does a lookup on an ARP/ND table,
that is a collection of IP->MAC entries learned by the PE.
IP->MAC: an IP address and MAC address combination that represents a
given host and is added to an Address Resolution Protocol table or
Neighbor Discovery table. This document uses IP->MAC generically for
IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. When something is specific to IPv4, the
document will use IPv4->MAC and likewise, IPv6->MAC will be used when
something is specific to IPv6 entries only.
Familiarity with the terminology in [RFC7432] and [RFC4861] is
expected.
2. The EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community
This document defines a transitive EVPN Extended Community (Type
field value of 0x06) with a Sub-Type of 0x08, as allocated by IANA.
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It is advertised along with EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement routes that
carry an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type=0x06 | Sub-Type=0x08 |Flags (1 octet)| Reserved=0 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved=0 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Flags field:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |I| |O|R|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The following Flags are defined in the Flags field, third octet of
the Extended Community:
R - Router Flag (corresponds to Bit 23 of the Extended Community)
Bit 7 of the Flags field is defined as the "Router Flag". When set,
the R Flag indicates that the IPv6->MAC pair advertised in the MAC/IP
Advertisement route along with the Extended Community belongs to an
IPv6 router. If the R Flag is zero, the IPv6->MAC pair belongs to a
host. The receiving PE implementing the ND function will use this
information in Neighbor Advertisement messages for the associated
IPv6 address. This Flag has no meaning for ARP IPv4->MAC entries and
MUST be ignored when the Extended Community is received with an EVPN
MAC/IP Advertisement route for an IPv4->MAC pair.
O - Override Flag (corresponds to Bit 22 of the Extended Community)
Bit 6 of the Flags field is defined as the "Override Flag". An
egress PE will normally advertise IPv6->MAC pairs with the O Flag
set, and only when IPv6 "anycast" is enabled in the BD or interface,
the PE will send an IPv6->MAC pair with the O Flag = 0. The ingress
PE will install the ND entry with the received O Flag and will always
use this O Flag value when replying to a Neighbor Solicitation for
the IPv6 address. Similarly to the Router Flag, the Override Flag
has no meaning for ARP IPv4->MAC entries and MUST be ignored when the
Extended Community is received with an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement
route for an IPv4->MAC pair.
I - Immutable ARP/ND Binding Flag (corresponds to Bit 20 of the
Extended Community)
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Bit 4 of the Flags field is defined as the "Immutable ARP/ND Binding
Flag". When set, the egress PE indicates that the IP->MAC pair sent
in an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route (along with the Extended
Community) is a configured ARP/ND entry. In this case, the IP
address in the EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route can only be bound
together with the MAC address specified in the same route, and not
with any other MAC addresses received in a different route without
the I Flag set.
Bits 0-3 and 5 are not assigned by this document. They MUST be set
to zero, and ignored on receipt.
The reserved fields are set to 0 and ignored by the receiver.
3. Use of the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community
This section describes the relevant procedures when advertising and
processing the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community. In all the procedures
below a "PE" must be interpreted as a "PE which supports the ND/ARP
proxy function (introduced by [RFC7432]) and implements the
propagation of the ARP/ND Flags that this document specifies".
3.1. Transmission of the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community
When an IP->MAC entry is not learned via EVPN, a PE may learn IP->MAC
pairs in the management plane (this will create static entries in the
ARP/ND or proxy-ARP/ND table) or by snooping ARP or Neighbor
Advertisement (NA) messages coming from the CE (this will create
dynamic entries). Those static and dynamic IP->MAC entries will be
advertised in EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement routes that use the EVPN ARP/
ND Extended Community as follows:
o Advertised MAC/IP Advertisement routes for IPv6->MAC entries MUST
include one (and only one) ARP/ND Extended Community with the R
and O Flag values associated with the entry. Those Flag values
are either dynamically learned (from NA messages) or configured in
case of static entries.
o MAC/IP Advertisement routes for IPv4->MAC entries MAY include one
ARP/ND Extended Community. If the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community
is advertised along with an EVPN IPv4/MAC Advertisement route, the
R and O Flags SHOULD be set to zero.
o If an IP->MAC pair is static (it has been configured) the
corresponding MAC/IP Advertisement route MUST be sent along with
an ARP/ND Extended Community with the I Flag set.
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o This Extended Community does not change the procedures described
in [RFC7432]. Specifically the procedures for advertising the MAC
Mobility Extended Community along with the MAC/IP Advertisement
route are not changed.
3.2. Reception of the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community
In addition to the procedures specified in [RFC7432] a PE receiving a
MAC/IP Advertisement route will process the EVPN ARP/ND Extended
Community as follows:
o Only one EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community is expected to be received
along with an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route. If more than one
ARP/ND Extended Community is received, the PE MUST consider only
the first one on the list for processing purposes and MUST NOT
propagate the rest of the ARP/ND Extended Communities.
o The R, O and I Flags MUST be ignored if they are advertised along
with an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route that does not contain an
IP (IPv4 or IPv6) address. Otherwise they are processed as
follows.
o R and O Flags processing:
* If the EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route contains an IPv6 address
and the EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community, the PE MUST add the R
and O Flag values to the ND entry in the ND or proxy-ND table,
and propagate the value of the R and O flags from the ARP/ND
Extended Community to the Neighbor Advertisements when replying
to a Solicitation for the IPv6 address.
* If no EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community is received along with the
route, the PE will add the default R and O Flags to the entry.
The default R Flag SHOULD be an administrative choice. The
default O Flag SHOULD be 1.
* A PE MUST ignore the received R and O Flags for an EVPN MAC/IP
Advertisement route that contains an IPv4->MAC pair.
o I Flag processing:
* A PE receiving an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route containing an
IP->MAC and the I Flag set SHOULD install the IP->MAC entry in
the ARP/ND or proxy-ARP/ND table as an "Immutable binding".
This Immutable binding entry will override an existing non-
immutable binding for the same IP->MAC. The absence of the
EVPN ARP/ND Extended Community in a MAC/IP Advertisement route
indicates that the IP->MAC entry is not an "Immutable binding".
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* Receiving multiple EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement routes with I=1
for the same IP but different MAC is considered a
misconfiguration or a transient error condition. If this
happens in the network, a PE receiving multiple routes (with
I=1 for the same IP and a different MAC address) SHOULD update
the IP->MAC entry with the latest received information. Note
that if a configured IP1->MAC1 changes to point to a new MAC
address, i.e., IP1->MAC2, the EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route
for IP1->MAC1 will be withdrawn before the EVPN MAC/IP
Advertisement route for IP1->MAC2 is advertised.
* A PE originating an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route for
IP1->MAC1 with I=1 MAY also originate the route with the Static
bit set (in the MAC Mobility Extended Community). In such a
case, the IP1->MAC1 binding is not only immutable but it cannot
move as well. Even so, if an update for the same IP1->MAC1
immutable and static, is received from a different PE, one of
the two routes will be selected. This case is analogous to the
[RFC7432] case when two MAC/IP routes with the Static bit set
are received, and the PE likewise MUST alert the operator of
such a situation.
In a situation where a host (with an IP->MAC that is configured as
Immutable binding in the attached PE) is allowed to move between PEs
(that is, the associated MAC is non-static), PEs can receive multiple
MAC/IP advertisement routes for the same IP->MAC. In such
situations, MAC mobility procedures as in [RFC7432] dictate the
reachability of the MAC.
As an example of the use of the I Flag, consider PE1, PE2 and PE3 are
attached to the same BD. PE1 originates an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement
route for IP1->MAC1 with I=1; later on, PE2 also originates an EVPN
MAC/IP Advertisement route IP1->MAC1 with a higher sequence number
and I=1. Then all the EVPN PEs attached to the same BD SHOULD retain
their IP1->MAC1 ARP/ND binding but update MAC1's forwarding
destination to PE2. If for some reason, PE3 originates an EVPN MAC/
IP Advertisement route for IP1->MAC2 with I=0 (even with a higher
sequence number), then the EVPN PEs in the BD will not update their
IP1->MAC1 ARP/ND bindings, since IP1 is bound to MAC1 (MAC2 SHOULD
still be programmed in the layer-2 BDs). This is considered a
misconfiguration in PE3.
The use of the Flag I=1 assumes that a given IP is always bound to
the same MAC address, and therefore the mobility procedures described
in [I-D.ietf-bess-evpn-irb-extended-mobility] for "Host IP move to a
new MAC" will not apply.
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4. Security Considerations
The same security considerations described in [RFC7432] apply to this
document. In general, it is worth noting that the use of Proxy ARP/
ND in EVPN BDs may add some security risks. Attackers can make use
of ARP/ND messages to create state in all the PEs attached to the
same BD as the attacker and exhaust resources in those PEs.
Therefore, additional security mechanisms may be needed. Some
examples of such additional security mechanisms are e.g., limit the
number of Proxy ARP/ND entries per-BD/per-port, or monitor closely
the rate at which hosts create dynamic Proxy-ARP/ND entries.
In addition, this document adds pieces of information that impact on
the way ARP/ND entries are installed in ARP/ND and/or proxy-ARP/ND
tables, and therefore the resolution protocols for IPv4 and IPv6
addresses. For instance, if a given IPv6->MAC binding is configured
with the wrong R or O Flags (intentionally or not) on a given PE, the
rest of the PEs attached to the same BD will install the wrong
information for the IPv6->MAC. This will cause all the PEs in the BD
to reply to Neighbor Solicitations for the IPv6 with Neighbor
Advertisement (NA) messages containing the wrong R and O Flags. For
example, as specified in [RFC4861], the receiver of a NA message with
O not set will not update its existing cache entry for the IP->MAC,
hence the communication between the owner of the IP address and the
receiver of the NA message with the wrong O flag will fail.
Similarly, the receiver of a NA message with the wrong R flag, may
update its Default Router List incorrectly adding or removing an
entry, which could for example lead to sending traffic to a node that
is not a router, causing the traffic to be dropped .
The I Flag, or Immutable ARP/ND Binding Flag, introduces a useful
security tool so that an operator makes sure a given IP address is
always bound to the same MAC and that information is distributed to
all the PEs attached to the same BD. ARP/ND spoofing attacks from
hosts injecting Gratuitous ARPs or unsolicited Neighbor Advertisement
messages for that IP address with a different MAC address will not
succeed to be programmed in ARP/ND and proxy-ARP/ND tables and
therefore will avoid attracting traffic to the spoofer.
5. IANA Considerations
This document request that the Name of the currently registered value
for Sub-Type 0x08 in the EVPN Extended Community Sub-Types registry
(https://www.iana.org/assignments/bgp-extended-communities/bgp-
extended-communities.xhtml#evpn) be changed to:
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+----------+---------------------------+-----------------+
| Sub-Type | Name | Reference |
+----------+---------------------------+-----------------+
| 0x08 | ARP/ND Extended Community | [this document] |
+----------+---------------------------+-----------------+
This document also requests the creation of a registry called "ARP/ND
Extended Community Flags" where the following initial allocations are
made:
+---------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
| Flag position | Name | Reference |
+---------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
| 0-3 | Unassigned | - |
| 4 | Immutable ARP/ND Binding Flag | [this document] |
| | (I) | |
| 5 | Unassigned | - |
| 6 | Override Flag (O) | [this document] |
| 7 | Router Flag (R) | [this document] |
+---------------+---------------------------------+-----------------+
The registration procedure for this registry is Standards Action.
This registry should be located in the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Extended Communities general registry
(https://www.iana.org/assignments/bgp-extended-communities/bgp-
extended-communities.xhtml).
Note that the Flag position 5 is left unassigned and not used in this
specification since it was previously requested by
[I-D.rbickhart-evpn-ip-mac-proxy-adv].
6. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Ali Sajassi for his feedback.
7. References
7.1. Normative References
[RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
"Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4861, September 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4861>.
[RFC7432] Sajassi, A., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Bitar, N., Isaac, A.,
Uttaro, J., Drake, J., and W. Henderickx, "BGP MPLS-Based
Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432, DOI 10.17487/RFC7432, February
2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7432>.
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
7.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-bess-evpn-irb-extended-mobility]
Malhotra, N., Sajassi, A., Pattekar, A., Lingala, A.,
Rabadan, J., and J. Drake, "Extended Mobility Procedures
for EVPN-IRB", draft-ietf-bess-evpn-irb-extended-
mobility-04 (work in progress), October 2020.
[I-D.rbickhart-evpn-ip-mac-proxy-adv]
Bickhart, R., "Proxy IP->MAC Advertisement in EVPNs",
January 2020.
Authors' Addresses
Jorge Rabadan (editor)
Nokia
777 Middlefield Road
Mountain View, CA 94043
USA
Email: jorge.rabadan@nokia.com
Senthil Sathappan
Nokia
701 E. Middlefield Road
Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
Email: senthil.sathappan@nokia.com
Kiran Nagaraj
Nokia
701 E. Middlefield Road
Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
Email: kiran.nagaraj@nokia.com
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Wen Lin
Juniper Networks
Email: wlin@juniper.net
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