Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-idr-sr-policy-ifit
draft-ietf-idr-sr-policy-ifit
IDR F. Qin
Internet-Draft China Mobile
Intended status: Standards Track H. Yuan
Expires: 22 April 2024 UnionPay
S. Yang
China Telecom
T. Zhou
G. Fioccola
Huawei
20 October 2023
BGP SR Policy Extensions to Enable IFIT
draft-ietf-idr-sr-policy-ifit-07
Abstract
Segment Routing (SR) policy is a set of candidate SR paths consisting
of one or more segment lists and necessary path attributes. It
enables instantiation of an ordered list of segments with a specific
intent for traffic steering. In-situ Flow Information Telemetry
(IFIT) refers to network OAM data plane on-path telemetry techniques,
in particular the most popular are In-situ OAM (IOAM) and Alternate
Marking. This document defines extensions to BGP to distribute SR
policies carrying IFIT information. So that IFIT methods can be
enabled automatically when the SR policy is applied.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 22 April 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. IFIT methods for SR Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. IFIT Attributes in SR Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.1. IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2. IOAM Incremental Trace Option Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3. IOAM Directly Export Option Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.4. IOAM Edge-to-Edge Option Sub-TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.5. Enhanced Alternate Marking (EAM) sub-TLV . . . . . . . . 10
6. SR Policy Operations with IFIT Attributes . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1. Introduction
Segment Routing (SR) policy [RFC9256] is a set of candidate SR paths
consisting of one or more segment lists and necessary path
attributes. It enables instantiation of an ordered list of segments
with a specific intent for traffic steering.
In-situ Flow Information Telemetry (IFIT) denotes a family of flow-
oriented on-path telemetry techniques (e.g. IOAM, Alternate
Marking), which can provide high-precision flow insight and real-time
network issue notification (e.g., jitter, latency, packet loss).In
particular, IFIT refers to network OAM (Operations, Administration,
and Maintenance) data plane on-path telemetry techniques, including
In-situ OAM (IOAM) [RFC9197] and Alternate Marking [RFC9341]. It can
provide flow information on the entire forwarding path on a per-
packet basis in real time.
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An automatic network requires the Service Level Agreement (SLA)
monitoring on the deployed service. So that the system can quickly
detect the SLA violation or the performance degradation, hence to
change the service deployment. For this reason, the SR policy native
IFIT can facilitate the closed loop control and enable the automation
of SR service.
This document defines extensions to Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to
distribute SR policies carrying IFIT information. So that IFIT
behavior can be enabled automatically when the SR policy is applied.
This BGP extension allows to signal the IFIT capabilities together
with the SR-policy. In this way IFIT methods are automatically
activated and running. The flexibility and dynamicity of the IFIT
applications are given by the use of additional functions on the
controller and on the network nodes, but this is out of scope here.
IFIT is a solution focusing on network domains according to [RFC8799]
that introduces the concept of specific domain solutions. A network
domain consists of a set of network devices or entities within a
single administration. As mentioned in [RFC8799], for a number of
reasons, such as policies, options supported, style of network
management and security requirements, it is suggested to limit
applications including the emerging IFIT techniques to a controlled
domain. Hence, the IFIT methods MUST be typically deployed in such
controlled domains.
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119]
[RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown
here.
2. Motivation
IFIT Methods are being introduced in multiple protocols and in
particular for Segment Routing over the MPLS data plane (SR-MPLS) and
Segment Routing over IPv6 data plane (SRv6).
It is worth mentioning that, at the moment, the IFIT methods (IOAM
and Alternate Marking) are more mature for SRv6 compared to SR-MPLS.
The reference documents are [RFC9486] and [RFC9343] for SRv6.
The definition of these data plane IFIT methods for SR-MPLS and SRv6
imply requirements for various routing protocols, such as BGP, and
this document aims to define BGP extensions to distribute SR policies
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carrying IFIT information. This allows to signal the IFIT
capabilities so IFIT methods are automatically configured and ready
to run when the SR Policy candidate paths are distributed through
BGP.
It is to be noted that, for PCEP (Path Computation Element
Communication Protocol), [I-D.ietf-pce-pcep-ifit] proposes the
extensions to PCEP to distribute paths carrying IFIT information and
therefore to enable IFIT methods for SR policy too. These documents
complement the deployment scenario described in
[I-D.song-opsawg-ifit-framework].
3. IFIT methods for SR Policy
In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (IOAM) [RFC9197]
records operational and telemetry information in the packet while the
packet traverses a path between two points in the network. In terms
of the classification given in RFC 7799 [RFC7799] IOAM could be
categorized as Hybrid Type 1. IOAM mechanisms can be leveraged where
active OAM do not apply or do not offer the desired results. When SR
policy enables the IOAM, the IOAM header will be inserted into every
packet of the traffic that is steered into the SR paths.
The Alternate Marking [RFC9341] technique is an hybrid performance
measurement method, per RFC 7799 [RFC7799] classification of
measurement methods. Because this method is based on marking
consecutive batches of packets. It can be used to measure packet
loss, latency, and jitter on live traffic.
This document aims to define the control plane. While the relevant
documents for the data plane application of IOAM and Alternate
Marking are respectively [RFC9486] and [RFC9343] for Segment Routing
over IPv6 data plane (SRv6).
4. IFIT Attributes in SR Policy
As defined in [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy], a new SAFI is
defined (the SR Policy SAFI with codepoint 73) as well as a new NLRI.
The NLRI contains the SR Policy candidate path and, according to
[I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy], the content of the SR
Policy Candidate Path is encoded in the Tunnel Encapsulation
Attribute defined in [RFC9012] using a new Tunnel-Type called SR
Policy Type with codepoint 15. The SR Policy encoding structure is
as follows:
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SR Policy SAFI NLRI: <Distinguisher, Policy-Color, Endpoint>
Attributes:
Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (23)
Tunnel Type: SR Policy (15)
Binding SID
SRv6 Binding SID
Preference
Priority
Policy Name
Policy Candidate Path Name
Explicit NULL Label Policy (ENLP)
Segment List
Weight
Segment
Segment
...
...
A candidate path includes multiple SR paths, each of which is
specified by a segment list. IFIT can be applied to the candidate
path, so that all the SR paths can be monitored in the same way. The
new SR Policy encoding structure is expressed as below:
SR Policy SAFI NLRI: <Distinguisher, Policy-Color, Endpoint>
Attributes:
Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute (23)
Tunnel Type: SR Policy (15)
Binding SID
SRv6 Binding SID
Preference
Priority
Policy Name
Policy Candidate Path Name
Explicit NULL Label Policy (ENLP)
IFIT Attributes
Segment List
Weight
Segment
Segment
...
...
IFIT attributes can be attached at the candidate path level as sub-
TLVs. There may be different IFIT tools. The following sections
will describe the requirement and usage of different IFIT tools, and
define the corresponding sub-TLV encoding in BGP.
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Once the IFIT attributes are signalled, if a packet arrives at the
headend and, based on the types of steering described in [RFC9256],
it may get steered into an SR Policy where IFIT methods are applied.
Therefore it will be managed consequently with the corresponding IOAM
or Alternate Marking information according to the enabled IFIT
methods.
Note that the IFIT attributes here described can also be generalized
and included as sub-TLVs for other SAFIs and NLRIs.
5. IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV
The format of the IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV is defined as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+
| Type | Length |
+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+
| |
// sub-TLVs //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Fig. 1 IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV
Where:
Type: to be assigned by IANA.
Length: the total length of the value field not including Type and
Length fields.
sub-TLVs currently defined:
* IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option Sub-TLV,
* IOAM Incremental Trace Option Sub-TLV,
* IOAM Directly Export Option Sub-TLV,
* IOAM Edge-to-Edge Option Sub-TLV,
* Enhanced Alternate Marking (EAM) sub-TLV.
The presence of the IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV implies support of IFIT
methods (IOAM and/or Alternate Marking). It is worth mentioning that
IOAM and Alternate Marking can be activated one at a time or can
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coexist; so it is possible to have only IOAM or only Alternate
Marking enabled as Sub-TLVs. The sub-TLVs currently defined for IOAM
and Alternate Marking are detailed in the next sections.
In case of empty IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV, i.e. no further IFIT sub-
TLV and Length=0, IFIT methods will not be activated. If two
conflicting IOAM sub-TLVs are present (e.g. Pre-allocated Trace
Option and Incremental Trace Option) it means that they are not
usable and none of the two methods will be activated. The same
applies if there is more than one instance of the sub-TLV of the same
type. Anyway the validation of the individual fields of the IFIT
Attributes sub-TLVs are handled by the SRPM (SR Policy Module).
The process of stopping IFIT methods can be done by setting empty
IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV, while, for modifying IFIT methods
parameters, the IFIT Attributes Sub-TLVs can be updated accordingly.
Additionally the backward compatibility is guaranteed, since an
implementation that does not understand IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV can
simply ignore it.
5.1. IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option Sub-TLV
The IOAM tracing data is expected to be collected at every node that
a packet traverses to ensure visibility into the entire path a packet
takes within an IOAM domain. The preallocated tracing option will
create pre-allocated space for each node to populate its information.
The format of IOAM pre-allocated trace option sub-TLV is defined as
follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| Type=1 | Length=6 | Namespace ID |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+--------+-------+
| IOAM Trace Type | Flags | Rsvd |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------+
Figure 2: Fig. 2 IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option Sub-TLV
Where:
Type: 1 (to be assigned by IANA).
Length: 6, it is the total length of the value field (not including
Type and Length fields).
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Namespace ID: A 16-bit identifier of an IOAM-Namespace. The
definition is the same as described in section 4.4 of [RFC9197].
IOAM Trace Type: A 24-bit identifier which specifies which data types
are used in the node data list. The definition is the same as
described in section 4.4 of [RFC9197].
Flags: A 4-bit field. The definition is the same as described in
[RFC9322] and section 4.4 of [RFC9197].
Rsvd: A 4-bit field reserved for further usage. It MUST be zero and
ignored on receipt.
5.2. IOAM Incremental Trace Option Sub-TLV
The incremental tracing option contains a variable node data fields
where each node allocates and pushes its node data immediately
following the option header.
The format of IOAM incremental trace option sub-TLV is defined as
follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| Type=2 | Length=6 | Namespace ID |
+---------------+---------------+--------------+--------+-------+
| IOAM Trace Type | Flags | Rsvd |
+----------------------------------------------+--------+-------+
Figure 3: Fig. 3 IOAM Incremental Trace Option Sub-TLV
Where:
Type: 2 (to be assigned by IANA).
Length: 6, it is the total length of the value field (not including
Type and Length fields).
All the other fields definition is the same as the pre-allocated
trace option sub-TLV in section 4.1.
5.3. IOAM Directly Export Option Sub-TLV
IOAM directly export option is used as a trigger for IOAM data to be
directly exported to a collector without being pushed into in-flight
data packets.
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The format of IOAM directly export option sub-TLV is defined as
follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+
| Type=3 | Length=12 |
+-----------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Namespace ID | Flags |
+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------+
| IOAM Trace Type | Rsvd |
+-----------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Flow ID |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 4: Fig. 4 IOAM Directly Export Option Sub-TLV
Where:
Type: 3 (to be assigned by IANA).
Length: 12, it is the total length of the value field (not including
Type and Length fields).
Namespace ID: A 16-bit identifier of an IOAM-Namespace. The
definition is the same as described in section 4.4 of [RFC9197].
Flags: A 16-bit field. The definition is the same as described in
section 3.2 of [RFC9326].
IOAM Trace Type: A 24-bit identifier which specifies which data types
are used in the node data list. The definition is the same as
described in section 4.4 of [RFC9197].
Rsvd: A 4-bit field reserved for further usage. It MUST be zero and
ignored on receipt.
Flow ID: A 32-bit flow identifier. The definition is the same as
described in section 3.2 of [RFC9326].
5.4. IOAM Edge-to-Edge Option Sub-TLV
The IOAM edge to edge option is to carry data that is added by the
IOAM encapsulating node and interpreted by IOAM decapsulating node.
The format of IOAM edge-to-edge option sub-TLV is defined as follows:
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+
| Type=4 | Length=4 |
+-----------------------------------------------+---------------+
| Namespace ID | IOAM E2E Type |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
Figure 5: Fig. 5 IOAM Edge-to-Edge Option Sub-TLV
Where:
Type: 4 (to be assigned by IANA).
Length: 4, it is the total length of the value field (not including
Type and Length fields).
Namespace ID: A 16-bit identifier of an IOAM-Namespace. The
definition is the same as described in section 4.6 of [RFC9197].
IOAM E2E Type: A 16-bit identifier which specifies which data types
are used in the E2E option data. The definition is the same as
described in section 4.6 of [RFC9197].
5.5. Enhanced Alternate Marking (EAM) sub-TLV
The format of Enhanced Alternate Marking (EAM) sub-TLV is defined as
follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+---------------+---------------+
| Type=5 | Length=4 |
+-------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-+-+---+
| FlowMonID | Period |H|E| R |
+---------------------------------------+---------------+-+-+---+
Figure 6: Fig. 6 Enhanced Alternate Marking Sub-TLV
Where:
Type: 5 (to be assigned by IANA).
Length: 4, it is the total length of the value field (not including
Type and Length fields).
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FlowMonID: A 20-bit identifier to uniquely identify a monitored flow
within the measurement domain. The definition is the same as
described in section 5.3 of [RFC9343].
Period: Time interval between two alternate marking period. The unit
is second.
H: A flag indicating that the measurement is Hop-By-Hop.
E: A flag indicating that the measurement is end to end.
R: A 2-bit field reserved for further usage. It MUST be zero and
ignored on receipt.
6. SR Policy Operations with IFIT Attributes
The details of SR Policy installation and use are specified in
[RFC9256]. This document complements SR Policy Operations described
in [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy] by adding the IFIT
Attributes.
The operations described in [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy]
are always valid. The only difference is the addition of IFIT
Attributes Sub-TLVs for the SR Policy NLRI, that can affect its
acceptance by a BGP speaker, but the implementation MAY provide an
option for ignoring the unrecognized or unsupported IFIT sub-TLVs.
SR Policy NLRIs that have been determined acceptable, usable and
valid can be evaluated for propagation, including the IFIT
information.
The error handling actions are also described in
[I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy],indeed A BGP Speaker MUST
perform the syntactic validation of the SR Policy NLRI to determine
if it is malformed, including the TLVs/sub-TLVs. In case of any
error detected, either at the attribute or its TLV/sub-TLV level, the
"treat-as-withdraw" strategy MUST be applied.
The validation of the IFIT Attributes sub-TLVs introduced in this
document MUST be performed to determine if they are malformed or
invalid. The validation of the individual fields of the IFIT
Attributes sub-TLVs are handled by the SRPM (SR Policy Module).
7. IANA Considerations
This document defines a new sub-TLV in the registry "BGP Tunnel
Encapsulation Attribute sub-TLVs" to be assigned by IANA:
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Codepoint Description Reference
-------------------------------------------------------------
TBD1 IFIT Attributes Sub-TLV This document
This document requests creation of a new registry called "IFIT
Attributes Sub-TLVs". The allocation policy of this registry is
"Specification Required" according to RFC 8126 [RFC8126].
The following initial Sub-TLV codepoints are assigned by this
document:
Value Description Reference
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 IOAM Pre-allocated Trace Option Sub-TLV This document
2 IOAM Incremental Trace Option Sub-TLV This document
3 IOAM Directly Export Option Sub-TLV This document
4 IOAM Edge-to-Edge Option Sub-TLV This document
5 Enhanced Alternate Marking Sub-TLV This document
8. Security Considerations
The security mechanisms of the base BGP security model apply to the
extensions described in this document as well. See the Security
Considerations section of [I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy].
SR operates within a trusted SR domain RFC 8402 [RFC8402] and its
security considerations also apply to BGP sessions when carrying SR
Policy information. The isolation of BGP SR Policy SAFI peering
sessions may be used to ensure that the SR Policy information is not
advertised outside the SR domain. Additionally, only trusted nodes
(that include both routers and controller applications) within the SR
domain must be configured to receive such information.
Implementation of IFIT methods (IOAM and Alternate Marking) are
mindful of security and privacy concerns, as explained in RFC 9197
[RFC9197] and Alternate Marking [RFC9341]. Anyway incorrect IFIT
parameters in the BGP extension SHOULD NOT have an adverse effect on
the SR Policy as well as on the network, since it affects only the
operation of the telemetry methodology.
IFIT data MUST be propagated in a limited domain in order to avoid
malicious attacks and solutions to ensure this requirement are
respectively discussed in [RFC9197] and [RFC9343].
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IFIT methods (IOAM and Alternate Marking) are applied within a
controlled domain where the network nodes are locally administered.
A limited administrative domain provides the network administrator
with the means to select, monitor and control the access to the
network, making it a trusted domain also for the BGP extensions
defined in this document.
9. Contributors
The following people provided relevant contributions to this
document:
Yali Wang
Huawei
Email: wangyali11@huawei.com
10. Acknowledgements
The authors of this document would like to thank Ketan Talaulikar,
Joel Halpern, Jie Dong for their comments and review of this
document.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-idr-segment-routing-te-policy]
Previdi, S., Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Mattes, P., and
D. Jain, "Advertising Segment Routing Policies in BGP",
Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-idr-segment-
routing-te-policy-25, 26 September 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-idr-
segment-routing-te-policy-25>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7799] Morton, A., "Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (with
Hybrid Types In-Between)", RFC 7799, DOI 10.17487/RFC7799,
May 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7799>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
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[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8402] Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.
[RFC8799] Carpenter, B. and B. Liu, "Limited Domains and Internet
Protocols", RFC 8799, DOI 10.17487/RFC8799, July 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8799>.
[RFC9012] Patel, K., Van de Velde, G., Sangli, S., and J. Scudder,
"The BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute", RFC 9012,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9012, April 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9012>.
[RFC9197] Brockners, F., Ed., Bhandari, S., Ed., and T. Mizrahi,
Ed., "Data Fields for In Situ Operations, Administration,
and Maintenance (IOAM)", RFC 9197, DOI 10.17487/RFC9197,
May 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9197>.
[RFC9256] Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Ed., Voyer, D., Bogdanov,
A., and P. Mattes, "Segment Routing Policy Architecture",
RFC 9256, DOI 10.17487/RFC9256, July 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9256>.
[RFC9322] Mizrahi, T., Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., Gafni, B., and
M. Spiegel, "In Situ Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (IOAM) Loopback and Active Flags", RFC 9322,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9322, November 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9322>.
[RFC9326] Song, H., Gafni, B., Brockners, F., Bhandari, S., and T.
Mizrahi, "In Situ Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (IOAM) Direct Exporting", RFC 9326,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9326, November 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9326>.
[RFC9341] Fioccola, G., Ed., Cociglio, M., Mirsky, G., Mizrahi, T.,
and T. Zhou, "Alternate-Marking Method", RFC 9341,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9341, December 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9341>.
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[RFC9343] Fioccola, G., Zhou, T., Cociglio, M., Qin, F., and R.
Pang, "IPv6 Application of the Alternate-Marking Method",
RFC 9343, DOI 10.17487/RFC9343, December 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9343>.
[RFC9486] Bhandari, S., Ed. and F. Brockners, Ed., "IPv6 Options for
In Situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
(IOAM)", RFC 9486, DOI 10.17487/RFC9486, September 2023,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9486>.
11.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-pce-pcep-ifit]
Yuan, H., 王雪荣, Yang, P., Li, W., and G. Fioccola, "Path
Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP)
Extensions to Enable IFIT", Work in Progress, Internet-
Draft, draft-ietf-pce-pcep-ifit-03, 7 July 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-pce-
pcep-ifit-03>.
[I-D.song-opsawg-ifit-framework]
Song, H., Qin, F., Chen, H., Jin, J., and J. Shin,
"Framework for In-situ Flow Information Telemetry", Work
in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-song-opsawg-ifit-
framework-20, 24 April 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-song-opsawg-
ifit-framework-20>.
Authors' Addresses
Fengwei Qin
China Mobile
No. 32 Xuanwumenxi Ave., Xicheng District
Beijing
China
Email: qinfengwei@chinamobile.com
Hang Yuan
UnionPay
1899 Gu-Tang Rd., Pudong
Shanghai
China
Email: yuanhang@unionpay.com
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Shunxing Yang
China Telecom
Guangzhou
China
Email: yangsx@chinatelecom.cn
Tianran Zhou
Huawei
156 Beiqing Rd., Haidian District
Beijing
China
Email: zhoutianran@huawei.com
Giuseppe Fioccola
Huawei
Palazzo Verrocchio, Centro Direzionale Milano 2
20054 Segrate (Milan)
Italy
Email: giuseppe.fioccola@huawei.com
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