Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-jose-json-web-key
draft-ietf-jose-json-web-key
JOSE Working Group M. Jones
Internet-Draft Microsoft
Intended status: Standards Track January 16, 2015
Expires: July 20, 2015
JSON Web Key (JWK)
draft-ietf-jose-json-web-key-41
Abstract
A JSON Web Key (JWK) is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) data
structure that represents a cryptographic key. This specification
also defines a JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set) JSON data structure that
represents a set of JWKs. Cryptographic algorithms and identifiers
for use with this specification are described in the separate JSON
Web Algorithms (JWA) specification and IANA registries defined by
that specification.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on July 20, 2015.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Example JWK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. JSON Web Key (JWK) Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. "kty" (Key Type) Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. "use" (Public Key Use) Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3. "key_ops" (Key Operations) Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.4. "alg" (Algorithm) Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.5. "kid" (Key ID) Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.6. "x5u" (X.509 URL) Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.7. "x5c" (X.509 Certificate Chain) Parameter . . . . . . . . 9
4.8. "x5t" (X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint) Parameter . . . 9
4.9. "x5t#S256" (X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint)
Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set) Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.1. "keys" Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. String Comparison Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7. Encrypted JWK and Encrypted JWK Set Formats . . . . . . . . . 11
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. JSON Web Key Parameters Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.1.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.1.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.2. JSON Web Key Use Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.2.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.2.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.3. JSON Web Key Operations Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.3.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.3.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.4. JSON Web Key Set Parameters Registry . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.4.1. Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.4.2. Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5. Media Type Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.5.1. Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.1. Key Provenance and Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9.2. Preventing Disclosure of Non-Public Key Information . . . 21
9.3. RSA Private Key Representations and Blinding . . . . . . . 21
9.4. Key Entropy and Random Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Appendix A. Example JSON Web Key Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.1. Example Public Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.2. Example Private Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.3. Example Symmetric Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Appendix B. Example Use of "x5c" (X.509 Certificate Chain)
Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Appendix C. Example Encrypted RSA Private Key . . . . . . . . . . 28
C.1. Plaintext RSA Private Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
C.2. JOSE Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
C.3. Content Encryption Key (CEK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
C.4. Key Derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
C.5. Key Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
C.6. Initialization Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
C.7. Additional Authenticated Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
C.8. Content Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
C.9. Complete Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Appendix D. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Appendix E. Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
1. Introduction
A JSON Web Key (JWK) is a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) [RFC7159]
data structure that represents a cryptographic key. This
specification also defines a JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set) JSON data
structure that represents a set of JWKs. Cryptographic algorithms
and identifiers for use with this specification are described in the
separate JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) [JWA] specification and IANA
registries defined by that specification.
Goals for this specification do not include representing new kinds of
certificate chains, representing new kinds of certified keys, or
replacing X.509 certificates.
JWKs and JWK Sets are used in the JSON Web Signature (JWS) [JWS] and
JSON Web Encryption (JWE) [JWE] specifications.
Names defined by this specification are short because a core goal is
for the resulting representations to be compact.
1.1. Notational Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in Key
words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels [RFC2119]. If
these words are used without being spelled in uppercase then they are
to be interpreted with their normal natural language meanings.
BASE64URL(OCTETS) denotes the base64url encoding of OCTETS, per
Section 2 of [JWS].
UTF8(STRING) denotes the octets of the UTF-8 [RFC3629] representation
of STRING, where STRING is a sequence of zero or more Unicode
[UNICODE] characters.
ASCII(STRING) denotes the octets of the ASCII [RFC20] representation
of STRING, where STRING is a sequence of zero or more ASCII
characters.
The concatenation of two values A and B is denoted as A || B.
2. Terminology
These terms defined by the JSON Web Signature (JWS) [JWS]
specification are incorporated into this specification: "JSON Web
Signature (JWS)", "Base64url Encoding", "Collision-Resistant Name",
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
"Header Parameter", and "JOSE Header".
These terms defined by the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) [JWE]
specification are incorporated into this specification: "JSON Web
Encryption (JWE)", "Additional Authenticated Data (AAD)", "JWE
Authentication Tag", "JWE Ciphertext", "JWE Compact Serialization",
"JWE Encrypted Key", "JWE Initialization Vector", and "JWE Protected
Header".
These terms defined by the Internet Security Glossary, Version 2
[RFC4949] are incorporated into this specification: "Ciphertext",
"Digital Signature", "Message Authentication Code (MAC)", and
"Plaintext".
These terms are defined by this specification:
JSON Web Key (JWK)
A JSON object that represents a cryptographic key. The members of
the object represent properties of the key, including its value.
JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set)
A JSON object that represents a set of JWKs. The JSON object MUST
have a "keys" member, which is an array of JWKs.
3. Example JWK
This section provides an example of a JWK. The following example JWK
declares that the key is an Elliptic Curve [DSS] key, it is used with
the P-256 Elliptic Curve, and its x and y coordinates are the
base64url encoded values shown. A key identifier is also provided
for the key.
{"kty":"EC",
"crv":"P-256",
"x":"f83OJ3D2xF1Bg8vub9tLe1gHMzV76e8Tus9uPHvRVEU",
"y":"x_FEzRu9m36HLN_tue659LNpXW6pCyStikYjKIWI5a0",
"kid":"Public key used in JWS A.3 example"
}
Additional example JWK values can be found in Appendix A.
4. JSON Web Key (JWK) Format
A JSON Web Key (JWK) is a JSON object that represents a cryptographic
key. The members of the object represent properties of the key,
including its value. This JSON object MAY contain white space and/or
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
line breaks before or after any JSON values or structural characters,
in accordance with Section 2 of RFC 7159 [RFC7159]. This document
defines the key parameters that are not algorithm specific, and thus
common to many keys.
In addition to the common parameters, each JWK will have members that
are key type-specific. These members represent the parameters of the
key. Section 6 of the JSON Web Algorithms (JWA) [JWA] specification
defines multiple kinds of cryptographic keys and their associated
members.
The member names within a JWK MUST be unique; JWK parsers MUST either
reject JWKs with duplicate member names or use a JSON parser that
returns only the lexically last duplicate member name, as specified
in Section 15.12 (The JSON Object) of ECMAScript 5.1 [ECMAScript].
Additional members can be present in the JWK; if not understood by
implementations encountering them, they MUST be ignored. Member
names used for representing key parameters for different keys types
need not be distinct. Any new member name should either be
registered in the IANA JSON Web Key Parameters registry defined in
Section 8.1 or be a value that contains a Collision-Resistant Name.
4.1. "kty" (Key Type) Parameter
The "kty" (key type) member identifies the cryptographic algorithm
family used with the key, such as "RSA" or "EC". "kty" values should
either be registered in the IANA JSON Web Key Types registry defined
in [JWA] or be a value that contains a Collision-Resistant Name. The
"kty" value is a case-sensitive string. This member MUST be present
in a JWK.
A list of defined "kty" values can be found in the IANA JSON Web Key
Types registry defined in [JWA]; the initial contents of this
registry are the values defined in Section 6.1 of the JSON Web
Algorithms (JWA) [JWA] specification.
The key type definitions include specification of the members to be
used for those key types. Additional members used with "kty" values
can also be found in the IANA JSON Web Key Parameters registry
defined in Section 8.1.
4.2. "use" (Public Key Use) Parameter
The "use" (public key use) member identifies the intended use of the
public key. The "use" parameter is employed to indicate whether a
public key is used for encrypting data or verifying the signature on
data.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Values defined by this specification are:
o "sig" (signature)
o "enc" (encryption)
Other values MAY be used. The "use" value is a case-sensitive
string. Use of the "use" member is OPTIONAL, unless the application
requires its presence.
When a key is used to wrap another key and a Public Key Use
designation for the first key is desired, the "enc" (encryption) key
use value is used, since key wrapping is a kind of encryption. The
"enc" value is also be used for public keys used for key agreement
operations.
Additional Public Key Use values can be registered in the IANA JSON
Web Key Use registry defined in Section 8.2. Registering any
extension values used is highly recommended when this specification
is used in open environments, in which multiple organizations need to
have a common understanding of any extensions used. However,
unregistered extension values can be used in closed environments, in
which the producing and consuming organization will always be the
same.
4.3. "key_ops" (Key Operations) Parameter
The "key_ops" (key operations) member identifies the operation(s)
that the key is intended to be used for. The "key_ops" parameter is
intended for use cases in which public, private, or symmetric keys
may be present.
Its value is an array of key operation values. Values defined by
this specification are:
o "sign" (compute digital signature or MAC)
o "verify" (verify digital signature or MAC)
o "encrypt" (encrypt content)
o "decrypt" (decrypt content and validate decryption, if applicable)
o "wrapKey" (encrypt key)
o "unwrapKey" (decrypt key and validate decryption, if applicable)
o "deriveKey" (derive key)
o "deriveBits" (derive bits not to be used as a key)
(Note that the "key_ops" values intentionally match the "KeyUsage"
values defined in the Web Cryptography API
[W3C.CR-WebCryptoAPI-20141211] specification.)
Other values MAY be used. The key operation values are case-
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
sensitive strings. Duplicate key operation values MUST NOT be
present in the array. Use of the "key_ops" member is OPTIONAL,
unless the application requires its presence.
Multiple unrelated key operations SHOULD NOT be specified for a key
because of the potential vulnerabilities associated with using the
same key with multiple algorithms. Thus, the combinations "sign"
with "verify", "encrypt" with "decrypt", and "wrapKey" with
"unwrapKey" are permitted, but other combinations SHOULD NOT be used.
Additional Key Operations values can be registered in the IANA JSON
Web Key Operations registry defined in Section 8.3. The same
considerations about registering extension values apply to the
"key_ops" member as do for the "use" member.
The "use" and "key_ops" JWK members SHOULD NOT be used together;
however, if both are used, the information they convey MUST be
consistent. Applications should specify which of these members they
use, if either is to be used by the application.
4.4. "alg" (Algorithm) Parameter
The "alg" (algorithm) member identifies the algorithm intended for
use with the key. The values used should either be registered in the
IANA JSON Web Signature and Encryption Algorithms registry defined in
[JWA] or be a value that contains a Collision-Resistant Name. The
"alg" value is a case-sensitive ASCII string. Use of this member is
OPTIONAL.
4.5. "kid" (Key ID) Parameter
The "kid" (key ID) member is used to match a specific key. This is
used, for instance, to choose among a set of keys within a JWK Set
during key rollover. The structure of the "kid" value is
unspecified. When "kid" values are used within a JWK Set, different
keys within the JWK Set SHOULD use distinct "kid" values. (One
example in which different keys might use the same "kid" value is if
they have different "kty" (key type) values but are considered to be
equivalent alternatives by the application using them.) The "kid"
value is a case-sensitive string. Use of this member is OPTIONAL.
When used with JWS or JWE, the "kid" value is used to match a JWS or
JWE "kid" Header Parameter value.
4.6. "x5u" (X.509 URL) Parameter
The "x5u" (X.509 URL) member is a URI [RFC3986] that refers to a
resource for an X.509 public key certificate or certificate chain
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
[RFC5280]. The identified resource MUST provide a representation of
the certificate or certificate chain that conforms to RFC 5280
[RFC5280] in PEM encoded form, with each certificate delimited as
specified in Section 6.1 of RFC 4945 [RFC4945]. The key in the first
certificate MUST match the public key represented by other members of
the JWK. The protocol used to acquire the resource MUST provide
integrity protection; an HTTP GET request to retrieve the certificate
MUST use TLS [RFC2818, RFC5246]; the identity of the server MUST be
validated, as per Section 6 of RFC 6125 [RFC6125]. Use of this
member is OPTIONAL.
While there is no requirement that optional JWK members providing key
usage, algorithm, or other information be present when the "x5u"
member is used, doing so may improve interoperability for
applications that do not handle PKIX certificates [RFC5280]. If
other members are present, the contents of those members MUST be
semantically consistent with the related fields in the first
certificate. For instance, if the "use" member is present, then it
MUST correspond to the usage that is specified in the certificate,
when it includes this information. Similarly, if the "alg" member is
present, it MUST correspond to the algorithm specified in the
certificate.
4.7. "x5c" (X.509 Certificate Chain) Parameter
The "x5c" (X.509 Certificate Chain) member contains a chain of one or
more PKIX certificates [RFC5280]. The certificate chain is
represented as a JSON array of certificate value strings. Each
string in the array is a base64 encoded ([RFC4648] Section 4 -- not
base64url encoded) DER [ITU.X690.1994] PKIX certificate value. The
PKIX certificate containing the key value MUST be the first
certificate. This MAY be followed by additional certificates, with
each subsequent certificate being the one used to certify the
previous one. The key in the first certificate MUST match the public
key represented by other members of the JWK. Use of this member is
OPTIONAL.
As with the "x5u" member, optional JWK members providing key usage,
algorithm, or other information MAY also be present when the "x5c"
member is used. If other members are present, the contents of those
members MUST be semantically consistent with the related fields in
the first certificate. See the last paragraph of Section 4.6 for
additional guidance on this.
4.8. "x5t" (X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint) Parameter
The "x5t" (X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint) member is a base64url
encoded SHA-1 thumbprint (a.k.a. digest) of the DER encoding of an
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
X.509 certificate [RFC5280]. Note that certificate thumbprints are
also sometimes known as certificate fingerprints. The key in the
certificate MUST match the public key represented by other members of
the JWK. Use of this member is OPTIONAL.
As with the "x5u" member, optional JWK members providing key usage,
algorithm, or other information MAY also be present when the "x5t"
member is used. If other members are present, the contents of those
members MUST be semantically consistent with the related fields in
the referenced certificate. See the last paragraph of Section 4.6
for additional guidance on this.
4.9. "x5t#S256" (X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint) Parameter
The "x5t#S256" (X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint) member is a
base64url encoded SHA-256 thumbprint (a.k.a. digest) of the DER
encoding of an X.509 certificate [RFC5280]. Note that certificate
thumbprints are also sometimes known as certificate fingerprints.
The key in the certificate MUST match the public key represented by
other members of the JWK. Use of this member is OPTIONAL.
As with the "x5u" member, optional JWK members providing key usage,
algorithm, or other information MAY also be present when the
"x5t#S256" member is used. If other members are present, the
contents of those members MUST be semantically consistent with the
related fields in the referenced certificate. See the last paragraph
of Section 4.6 for additional guidance on this.
5. JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set) Format
A JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set) is a JSON object that represents a set
of JWKs. The JSON object MUST have a "keys" member, with its value
being an array of JWKs. This JSON object MAY contain white space
and/or line breaks.
The member names within a JWK Set MUST be unique; JWK Set parsers
MUST either reject JWK Sets with duplicate member names or use a JSON
parser that returns only the lexically last duplicate member name, as
specified in Section 15.12 (The JSON Object) of ECMAScript 5.1
[ECMAScript].
Additional members can be present in the JWK Set; if not understood
by implementations encountering them, they MUST be ignored.
Parameters for representing additional properties of JWK Sets should
either be registered in the IANA JSON Web Key Set Parameters registry
defined in Section 8.4 or be a value that contains a Collision-
Resistant Name.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Implementations SHOULD ignore JWKs within a JWK Set that use "kty"
(key type) values that are not understood by them, are missing
required members, or for which values are out of the supported
ranges.
5.1. "keys" Parameter
The value of the "keys" member is an array of JWK values. By
default, the order of the JWK values within the array does not imply
an order of preference among them, although applications of JWK Sets
can choose to assign a meaning to the order for their purposes, if
desired.
6. String Comparison Rules
The string comparison rules for this specification are the same as
those defined in Section 5.3 of [JWS].
7. Encrypted JWK and Encrypted JWK Set Formats
Access to JWKs containing non-public key material by parties without
legitimate access to the non-public information MUST be prevented.
This can be accomplished by encrypting the JWK when potentially
observable by such parties to prevent the disclosure of private or
symmetric key values. The use of an Encrypted JWK, which is a JWE
with the UTF-8 encoding of a JWK as its plaintext value, is
recommended for this purpose. The processing of Encrypted JWKs is
identical to the processing of other JWEs. A "cty" (content type)
Header Parameter value of "jwk+json" MUST be used to indicate that
the content of the JWE is a JWK, unless the application knows that
the encrypted content is a JWK by another means or convention, in
which case the "cty" value would typically be omitted.
JWK Sets containing non-public key material will also need to be
encrypted under these circumstances. The use of an Encrypted JWK
Set, which is a JWE with the UTF-8 encoding of a JWK Set as its
plaintext value, is recommended for this purpose. The processing of
Encrypted JWK Sets is identical to the processing of other JWEs. A
"cty" (content type) Header Parameter value of "jwk-set+json" MUST be
used to indicate that the content of the JWE is a JWK Set, unless the
application knows that the encrypted content is a JWK Set by another
means or convention, in which case the "cty" value would typically be
omitted.
See Appendix C for an example encrypted JWK.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
8. IANA Considerations
The following registration procedure is used for all the registries
established by this specification.
Values are registered on a Specification Required [RFC5226] basis
after a three-week review period on the jose-reg-review@ietf.org
mailing list, on the advice of one or more Designated Experts.
However, to allow for the allocation of values prior to publication,
the Designated Expert(s) may approve registration once they are
satisfied that such a specification will be published.
Registration requests must be sent to the jose-reg-review@ietf.org
mailing list for review and comment, with an appropriate subject
(e.g., "Request to register JWK parameter: example").
Within the review period, the Designated Expert(s) will either
approve or deny the registration request, communicating this decision
to the review list and IANA. Denials should include an explanation
and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the request
successful. Registration requests that are undetermined for a period
longer than 21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention (using the
iesg@ietf.org mailing list) for resolution.
Criteria that should be applied by the Designated Expert(s) includes
determining whether the proposed registration duplicates existing
functionality, determining whether it is likely to be of general
applicability or whether it is useful only for a single application,
and whether the registration description is clear.
IANA must only accept registry updates from the Designated Expert(s)
and should direct all requests for registration to the review mailing
list.
It is suggested that multiple Designated Experts be appointed who are
able to represent the perspectives of different applications using
this specification, in order to enable broadly-informed review of
registration decisions. In cases where a registration decision could
be perceived as creating a conflict of interest for a particular
Expert, that Expert should defer to the judgment of the other
Expert(s).
[[ Note to the RFC Editor and IANA: Pearl Liang of ICANN had
requested that the draft supply the following proposed registry
description information. It is to be used for all registries
established by this specification.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Protocol Category: JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE)
o Registry Location: http://www.iana.org/assignments/jose
o Webpage Title: (same as the protocol category)
o Registry Name: (same as the section title, but excluding the word
"Registry", for example "JSON Web Key Parameters")
]]
8.1. JSON Web Key Parameters Registry
This specification establishes the IANA JSON Web Key Parameters
registry for JWK parameter names. The registry records the parameter
name, the key type(s) that the parameter is used with, and a
reference to the specification that defines it. It also records
whether the parameter conveys public or private information. This
specification registers the parameter names defined in Section 4.
The same JWK parameter name may be registered multiple times,
provided that duplicate parameter registrations are only for key type
specific JWK parameters; in this case, the meaning of the duplicate
parameter name is disambiguated by the "kty" value of the JWK
containing it.
8.1.1. Registration Template
Parameter Name:
The name requested (e.g., "kid"). Because a core goal of this
specification is for the resulting representations to be compact,
it is RECOMMENDED that the name be short -- not to exceed 8
characters without a compelling reason to do so. This name is
case-sensitive. Names may not match other registered names in a
case-insensitive manner unless the Designated Expert(s) state that
there is a compelling reason to allow an exception in this
particular case. However, matching names may be registered,
provided that the accompanying sets of "kty" values that the
Parameter Name is used with are disjoint; for the purposes of
matching "kty" values, "*" matches all values.
Parameter Description:
Brief description of the parameter (e.g., "Key ID").
Used with "kty" Value(s):
The key type parameter value(s) that the parameter name is to be
used with, or the value "*" if the parameter value is used with
all key types. Values may not match other registered "kty" values
in a case-insensitive manner when the registered Parameter Name is
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
the same (including when the Parameter Name matches in a case-
insensitive manner) unless the Designated Expert(s) state that
there is a compelling reason to allow an exception in this
particular case.
Parameter Information Class:
Registers whether the parameter conveys public or private
information. Its value must be one the words Public or Private.
Change Controller:
For Standards Track RFCs, state "IESG". For others, give the name
of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address,
email address, home page URI) may also be included.
Specification Document(s):
Reference to the document(s) that specify the parameter,
preferably including URI(s) that can be used to retrieve copies of
the document(s). An indication of the relevant sections may also
be included but is not required.
8.1.2. Initial Registry Contents
o Parameter Name: "kty"
o Parameter Description: Key Type
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.1 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "use"
o Parameter Description: Public Key Use
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.2 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "key_ops"
o Parameter Description: Key Operations
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "alg"
o Parameter Description: Algorithm
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.4 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "kid"
o Parameter Description: Key ID
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.5 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "x5u"
o Parameter Description: X.509 URL
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.6 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "x5c"
o Parameter Description: X.509 Certificate Chain
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.7 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "x5t"
o Parameter Description: X.509 Certificate SHA-1 Thumbprint
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.8 of [[ this document ]]
o Parameter Name: "x5t#S256"
o Parameter Description: X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint
o Used with "kty" Value(s): *
o Parameter Information Class: Public
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.9 of [[ this document ]]
8.2. JSON Web Key Use Registry
This specification establishes the IANA JSON Web Key Use registry for
JWK "use" (public key use) member values. The registry records the
public key use value and a reference to the specification that
defines it. This specification registers the parameter names defined
in Section 4.2.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
8.2.1. Registration Template
Use Member Value:
The name requested (e.g., "sig"). Because a core goal of this
specification is for the resulting representations to be compact,
it is RECOMMENDED that the name be short -- not to exceed 8
characters without a compelling reason to do so. This name is
case-sensitive. Names may not match other registered names in a
case-insensitive manner unless the Designated Expert(s) state that
there is a compelling reason to allow an exception in this
particular case.
Use Description:
Brief description of the use (e.g., "Digital Signature or MAC").
Change Controller:
For Standards Track RFCs, state "IESG". For others, give the name
of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address,
email address, home page URI) may also be included.
Specification Document(s):
Reference to the document(s) that specify the parameter,
preferably including URI(s) that can be used to retrieve copies of
the document(s). An indication of the relevant sections may also
be included but is not required.
8.2.2. Initial Registry Contents
o Use Member Value: "sig"
o Use Description: Digital Signature or MAC
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.2 of [[ this document ]]
o Use Member Value: "enc"
o Use Description: Encryption
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.2 of [[ this document ]]
8.3. JSON Web Key Operations Registry
This specification establishes the IANA JSON Web Key Operations
registry for values of JWK "key_ops" array elements. The registry
records the key operation value and a reference to the specification
that defines it. This specification registers the parameter names
defined in Section 4.3.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 16]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
8.3.1. Registration Template
Key Operation Value:
The name requested (e.g., "sign"). Because a core goal of this
specification is for the resulting representations to be compact,
it is RECOMMENDED that the name be short -- not to exceed 8
characters without a compelling reason to do so. This name is
case-sensitive. Names may not match other registered names in a
case-insensitive manner unless the Designated Expert(s) state that
there is a compelling reason to allow an exception in this
particular case.
Key Operation Description:
Brief description of the key operation (e.g., "Compute digital
signature or MAC").
Change Controller:
For Standards Track RFCs, state "IESG". For others, give the name
of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address,
email address, home page URI) may also be included.
Specification Document(s):
Reference to the document(s) that specify the parameter,
preferably including URI(s) that can be used to retrieve copies of
the document(s). An indication of the relevant sections may also
be included but is not required.
8.3.2. Initial Registry Contents
o Key Operation Value: "sign"
o Key Operation Description: Compute digital signature or MAC
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "verify"
o Key Operation Description: Verify digital signature or MAC
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "encrypt"
o Key Operation Description: Encrypt content
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "decrypt"
o Key Operation Description: Decrypt content and validate
decryption, if applicable
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "wrapKey"
o Key Operation Description: Encrypt key
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "unwrapKey"
o Key Operation Description: Decrypt key and validate decryption, if
applicable
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "deriveKey"
o Key Operation Description: Derive key
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
o Key Operation Value: "deriveBits"
o Key Operation Description: Derive bits not to be used as a key
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 4.3 of [[ this document ]]
8.4. JSON Web Key Set Parameters Registry
This specification establishes the IANA JSON Web Key Set Parameters
registry for JWK Set parameter names. The registry records the
parameter name and a reference to the specification that defines it.
This specification registers the parameter names defined in
Section 5.
8.4.1. Registration Template
Parameter Name:
The name requested (e.g., "keys"). Because a core goal of this
specification is for the resulting representations to be compact,
it is RECOMMENDED that the name be short -- not to exceed 8
characters without a compelling reason to do so. This name is
case-sensitive. Names may not match other registered names in a
case-insensitive manner unless the Designated Expert(s) state that
there is a compelling reason to allow an exception in this
particular case.
Parameter Description:
Brief description of the parameter (e.g., "Array of JWK values").
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Change Controller:
For Standards Track RFCs, state "IESG". For others, give the name
of the responsible party. Other details (e.g., postal address,
email address, home page URI) may also be included.
Specification Document(s):
Reference to the document(s) that specify the parameter,
preferably including URI(s) that can be used to retrieve copies of
the document(s). An indication of the relevant sections may also
be included but is not required.
8.4.2. Initial Registry Contents
o Parameter Name: "keys"
o Parameter Description: Array of JWK values
o Change Controller: IESG
o Specification Document(s): Section 5.1 of [[ this document ]]
8.5. Media Type Registration
8.5.1. Registry Contents
This specification registers the "application/jwk+json" and
"application/jwk-set+json" Media Types [RFC2046] in the MIME Media
Types registry [IANA.MediaTypes] in the manner described in RFC 6838
[RFC6838], which can be used to indicate, respectively, that the
content is a JWK or a JWK Set.
o Type Name: application
o Subtype Name: jwk+json
o Required Parameters: n/a
o Optional Parameters: n/a
o Encoding considerations: 8bit; application/jwk+json values are
represented as JSON object; UTF-8 encoding SHOULD be employed for
the JSON object.
o Security Considerations: See the Security Considerations section
of [[ this document ]]
o Interoperability Considerations: n/a
o Published Specification: [[ this document ]]
o Applications that use this media type: OpenID Connect, Salesforce,
Google, Android, Windows Azure, W3C WebCrypto API, numerous others
o Fragment identifier considerations: n/a
o Additional Information: Magic number(s): n/a, File extension(s):
n/a, Macintosh file type code(s): n/a
o Person & email address to contact for further information: Michael
B. Jones, mbj@microsoft.com
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Intended Usage: COMMON
o Restrictions on Usage: none
o Author: Michael B. Jones, mbj@microsoft.com
o Change Controller: IESG
o Provisional registration? No
o Type Name: application
o Subtype Name: jwk-set+json
o Required Parameters: n/a
o Optional Parameters: n/a
o Encoding considerations: 8bit; application/jwk-set+json values are
represented as a JSON Object; UTF-8 encoding SHOULD be employed
for the JSON object.
o Security Considerations: See the Security Considerations section
of [[ this document ]]
o Interoperability Considerations: n/a
o Published Specification: [[ this document ]]
o Applications that use this media type: OpenID Connect, Salesforce,
Google, Android, Windows Azure, W3C WebCrypto API, numerous others
o Fragment identifier considerations: n/a
o Additional Information: Magic number(s): n/a, File extension(s):
n/a, Macintosh file type code(s): n/a
o Person & email address to contact for further information: Michael
B. Jones, mbj@microsoft.com
o Intended Usage: COMMON
o Restrictions on Usage: none
o Author: Michael B. Jones, mbj@microsoft.com
o Change Controller: IESG
o Provisional registration? No
9. Security Considerations
All of the security issues that are pertinent to any cryptographic
application must be addressed by JWS/JWE/JWK agents. Among these
issues are protecting the user's asymmetric private and symmetric
secret keys and employing countermeasures to various attacks.
9.1. Key Provenance and Trust
One should place no more trust in the data cryptographically secured
by a key than in the method by which it was obtained and in the
trustworthiness of the entity asserting an association with the key.
Any data associated with a key that is obtained in an untrusted
manner should be treated with skepticism. See Section 10.3 of [JWS]
for security considerations on key origin authentication.
In almost all cases, applications make decisions about whether to
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 20]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
trust a key based on attributes bound to the key, such as names,
roles, and the key origin, rather than based on the key itself. When
an application is deciding whether to trust a key, there are several
ways that it can bind attributes to a JWK. Two example mechanisms
are PKIX [RFC5280] and JSON Web Token (JWT) [JWT].
For instance, the creator of a JWK can include a PKIX certificate in
the JWK's "x5c" member. If the application validates the certificate
and verifies that the JWK corresponds to the subject public key in
the certificate, then the JWK can be associated with the attributes
in the certificate, such as the subject name, subject alternative
names, extended key usages, and its signature chain.
Also for instance, a JWT can be used to associate attributes with a
JWK by referencing the JWK as a claim in the JWT. The JWK can be
included directly as a claim value or the JWT can include a TLS-
secured URI from which to retrieve the JWK value. Either way, an
application that gets a JWK via a JWT claim can associate it with the
JWT's cryptographic properties and use these and possibly additional
claims in deciding whether to trust the key.
The security considerations in Section 12.3 of XML DSIG 2.0
[W3C.NOTE-xmldsig-core2-20130411] about the strength of a digital
signature depending upon all the links in the security chain also
apply to this specification.
The TLS Requirements in Section 8 of [JWS] also apply to this
specification, except that the "x5u" JWK member is the only feature
defined by this specification using TLS.
9.2. Preventing Disclosure of Non-Public Key Information
Private and symmetric keys MUST be protected from disclosure to
unintended parties. One recommended means of doing so is to encrypt
JWKs or JWK Sets containing them by using the JWK or JWK Set value as
the plaintext of a JWE. Of course, this requires that there be a
secure way to obtain the key used to encrypt the non-public key
information to the intended party and a secure way for that party to
obtain the corresponding decryption key.
The security considerations in RFC 3447 [RFC3447] and RFC 6030
[RFC6030] about protecting private and symmetric keys, key usage, and
information leakage also apply to this specification.
9.3. RSA Private Key Representations and Blinding
The RSA Key blinding operation [Kocher], which is a defense against
some timing attacks, requires all of the RSA key values "n", "e", and
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 21]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
"d". However, some RSA private key representations do not include
the public exponent "e", but only include the modulus "n" and the
private exponent "d". This is true, for instance, of the Java
RSAPrivateKeySpec API, which does not include the public exponent "e"
as a parameter. So as to enable RSA key blinding, such
representations should be avoided. For Java, the
RSAPrivateCrtKeySpec API can be used instead. Section 8.2.2(i) of
the Handbook of Applied Cryptography [HAC] discusses how to compute
the remaining RSA private key parameters, if needed, using only "n",
"e", and "d".
9.4. Key Entropy and Random Values
See Section 10.1 of [JWS] for security considerations on key entropy
and random values.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[ECMAScript]
Ecma International, "ECMAScript Language Specification,
5.1 Edition", ECMA 262, June 2011.
[IANA.MediaTypes]
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), "MIME Media
Types", 2005.
[ITU.X690.1994]
International Telecommunications Union, "Information
Technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic
Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and
Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)", ITU-T Recommendation
X.690, 1994.
[JWA] Jones, M., "JSON Web Algorithms (JWA)",
draft-ietf-jose-json-web-algorithms (work in progress),
January 2015.
[JWE] Jones, M. and J. Hildebrand, "JSON Web Encryption (JWE)",
draft-ietf-jose-json-web-encryption (work in progress),
January 2015.
[JWS] Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web
Signature (JWS)", draft-ietf-jose-json-web-signature (work
in progress), January 2015.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 22]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
[RFC20] Cerf, V., "ASCII format for Network Interchange", RFC 20,
October 1969.
[RFC2046] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046,
November 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2818] Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.
[RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
Encodings", RFC 4648, October 2006.
[RFC4945] Korver, B., "The Internet IP Security PKI Profile of
IKEv1/ISAKMP, IKEv2, and PKIX", RFC 4945, August 2007.
[RFC4949] Shirey, R., "Internet Security Glossary, Version 2",
RFC 4949, August 2007.
[RFC5246] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.
[RFC5280] Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
(CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.
[RFC6125] Saint-Andre, P. and J. Hodges, "Representation and
Verification of Domain-Based Application Service Identity
within Internet Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509
(PKIX) Certificates in the Context of Transport Layer
Security (TLS)", RFC 6125, March 2011.
[RFC7159] Bray, T., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
Interchange Format", RFC 7159, March 2014.
[UNICODE] The Unicode Consortium, "The Unicode Standard", 1991-,
<http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/>.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 23]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
10.2. Informative References
[DSS] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Digital
Signature Standard (DSS)", FIPS PUB 186-4, July 2013.
[HAC] Menezes, A., van Oorschot, P., and S. Vanstone, "Handbook
of Applied Cryptography", CRC Press, 1996,
<http://cacr.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap8.pdf>.
[JWT] Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token
(JWT)", draft-ietf-oauth-json-web-token (work in
progress), January 2015.
[Kocher] Kocher, P., "Timing Attacks on Implementations of Diffe-
Hellman, RSA, DSS, and Other Systems", In Proceedings of
the 16th Annual International Cryptology Conference
Advances in Cryptology, Springer-Verlag, pp. 104-113,
1996.
[MagicSignatures]
Panzer (editor), J., Laurie, B., and D. Balfanz, "Magic
Signatures", January 2011.
[RFC3447] Jonsson, J. and B. Kaliski, "Public-Key Cryptography
Standards (PKCS) #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications
Version 2.1", RFC 3447, February 2003.
[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
May 2008.
[RFC6030] Hoyer, P., Pei, M., and S. Machani, "Portable Symmetric
Key Container (PSKC)", RFC 6030, October 2010.
[RFC6838] Freed, N., Klensin, J., and T. Hansen, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures", BCP 13,
RFC 6838, January 2013.
[W3C.CR-WebCryptoAPI-20141211]
Sleevi, R. and M. Watson, "Web Cryptography API", World
Wide Web Consortium Candidate Recommendation CR-
WebCryptoAPI-20141211, December 2014,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/CR-WebCryptoAPI-20141211/>.
[W3C.NOTE-xmldsig-core2-20130411]
Eastlake, D., Reagle, J., Solo, D., Hirsch, F., Roessler,
T., Yiu, K., Datta, P., and S. Cantor, "XML Signature
Syntax and Processing Version 2.0", World Wide Web
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 24]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Consortium Note NOTE-xmldsig-core2-20130411, April 2013,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-xmldsig-core2-20130411/>.
Appendix A. Example JSON Web Key Sets
A.1. Example Public Keys
The following example JWK Set contains two public keys represented as
JWKs: one using an Elliptic Curve algorithm and a second one using an
RSA algorithm. The first specifies that the key is to be used for
encryption. The second specifies that the key is to be used with the
"RS256" algorithm. Both provide a Key ID for key matching purposes.
In both cases, integers are represented using the base64url encoding
of their big endian representations. (Line breaks within values are
for display purposes only.)
{"keys":
[
{"kty":"EC",
"crv":"P-256",
"x":"MKBCTNIcKUSDii11ySs3526iDZ8AiTo7Tu6KPAqv7D4",
"y":"4Etl6SRW2YiLUrN5vfvVHuhp7x8PxltmWWlbbM4IFyM",
"use":"enc",
"kid":"1"},
{"kty":"RSA",
"n": "0vx7agoebGcQSuuPiLJXZptN9nndrQmbXEps2aiAFbWhM78LhWx
4cbbfAAtVT86zwu1RK7aPFFxuhDR1L6tSoc_BJECPebWKRXjBZCiFV4n3oknjhMs
tn64tZ_2W-5JsGY4Hc5n9yBXArwl93lqt7_RN5w6Cf0h4QyQ5v-65YGjQR0_FDW2
QvzqY368QQMicAtaSqzs8KJZgnYb9c7d0zgdAZHzu6qMQvRL5hajrn1n91CbOpbI
SD08qNLyrdkt-bFTWhAI4vMQFh6WeZu0fM4lFd2NcRwr3XPksINHaQ-G_xBniIqb
w0Ls1jF44-csFCur-kEgU8awapJzKnqDKgw",
"e":"AQAB",
"alg":"RS256",
"kid":"2011-04-29"}
]
}
A.2. Example Private Keys
The following example JWK Set contains two keys represented as JWKs
containing both public and private key values: one using an Elliptic
Curve algorithm and a second one using an RSA algorithm. This
example extends the example in the previous section, adding private
key values. (Line breaks within values are for display purposes
only.)
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 25]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
{"keys":
[
{"kty":"EC",
"crv":"P-256",
"x":"MKBCTNIcKUSDii11ySs3526iDZ8AiTo7Tu6KPAqv7D4",
"y":"4Etl6SRW2YiLUrN5vfvVHuhp7x8PxltmWWlbbM4IFyM",
"d":"870MB6gfuTJ4HtUnUvYMyJpr5eUZNP4Bk43bVdj3eAE",
"use":"enc",
"kid":"1"},
{"kty":"RSA",
"n":"0vx7agoebGcQSuuPiLJXZptN9nndrQmbXEps2aiAFbWhM78LhWx4
cbbfAAtVT86zwu1RK7aPFFxuhDR1L6tSoc_BJECPebWKRXjBZCiFV4n3oknjhMst
n64tZ_2W-5JsGY4Hc5n9yBXArwl93lqt7_RN5w6Cf0h4QyQ5v-65YGjQR0_FDW2Q
vzqY368QQMicAtaSqzs8KJZgnYb9c7d0zgdAZHzu6qMQvRL5hajrn1n91CbOpbIS
D08qNLyrdkt-bFTWhAI4vMQFh6WeZu0fM4lFd2NcRwr3XPksINHaQ-G_xBniIqbw
0Ls1jF44-csFCur-kEgU8awapJzKnqDKgw",
"e":"AQAB",
"d":"X4cTteJY_gn4FYPsXB8rdXix5vwsg1FLN5E3EaG6RJoVH-HLLKD9
M7dx5oo7GURknchnrRweUkC7hT5fJLM0WbFAKNLWY2vv7B6NqXSzUvxT0_YSfqij
wp3RTzlBaCxWp4doFk5N2o8Gy_nHNKroADIkJ46pRUohsXywbReAdYaMwFs9tv8d
_cPVY3i07a3t8MN6TNwm0dSawm9v47UiCl3Sk5ZiG7xojPLu4sbg1U2jx4IBTNBz
nbJSzFHK66jT8bgkuqsk0GjskDJk19Z4qwjwbsnn4j2WBii3RL-Us2lGVkY8fkFz
me1z0HbIkfz0Y6mqnOYtqc0X4jfcKoAC8Q",
"p":"83i-7IvMGXoMXCskv73TKr8637FiO7Z27zv8oj6pbWUQyLPQBQxtPV
nwD20R-60eTDmD2ujnMt5PoqMrm8RfmNhVWDtjjMmCMjOpSXicFHj7XOuVIYQyqV
WlWEh6dN36GVZYk93N8Bc9vY41xy8B9RzzOGVQzXvNEvn7O0nVbfs",
"q":"3dfOR9cuYq-0S-mkFLzgItgMEfFzB2q3hWehMuG0oCuqnb3vobLyum
qjVZQO1dIrdwgTnCdpYzBcOfW5r370AFXjiWft_NGEiovonizhKpo9VVS78TzFgx
kIdrecRezsZ-1kYd_s1qDbxtkDEgfAITAG9LUnADun4vIcb6yelxk",
"dp":"G4sPXkc6Ya9y8oJW9_ILj4xuppu0lzi_H7VTkS8xj5SdX3coE0oim
YwxIi2emTAue0UOa5dpgFGyBJ4c8tQ2VF402XRugKDTP8akYhFo5tAA77Qe_Nmtu
YZc3C3m3I24G2GvR5sSDxUyAN2zq8Lfn9EUms6rY3Ob8YeiKkTiBj0",
"dq":"s9lAH9fggBsoFR8Oac2R_E2gw282rT2kGOAhvIllETE1efrA6huUU
vMfBcMpn8lqeW6vzznYY5SSQF7pMdC_agI3nG8Ibp1BUb0JUiraRNqUfLhcQb_d9
GF4Dh7e74WbRsobRonujTYN1xCaP6TO61jvWrX-L18txXw494Q_cgk",
"qi":"GyM_p6JrXySiz1toFgKbWV-JdI3jQ4ypu9rbMWx3rQJBfmt0FoYzg
UIZEVFEcOqwemRN81zoDAaa-Bk0KWNGDjJHZDdDmFhW3AN7lI-puxk_mHZGJ11rx
yR8O55XLSe3SPmRfKwZI6yU24ZxvQKFYItdldUKGzO6Ia6zTKhAVRU",
"alg":"RS256",
"kid":"2011-04-29"}
]
}
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 26]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
A.3. Example Symmetric Keys
The following example JWK Set contains two symmetric keys represented
as JWKs: one designated as being for use with the AES Key Wrap
algorithm and a second one that is an HMAC key. (Line breaks within
values are for display purposes only.)
{"keys":
[
{"kty":"oct",
"alg":"A128KW",
"k":"GawgguFyGrWKav7AX4VKUg"},
{"kty":"oct",
"k":"AyM1SysPpbyDfgZld3umj1qzKObwVMkoqQ-EstJQLr_T-1qS0gZH75
aKtMN3Yj0iPS4hcgUuTwjAzZr1Z9CAow",
"kid":"HMAC key used in JWS A.1 example"}
]
}
Appendix B. Example Use of "x5c" (X.509 Certificate Chain) Parameter
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 27]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
The following is an example of a JWK with a RSA signing key
represented both as an RSA public key and as an X.509 certificate
using the "x5c" parameter (with line breaks within values for display
purposes only):
{"kty":"RSA",
"use":"sig",
"kid":"1b94c",
"n":"vrjOfz9Ccdgx5nQudyhdoR17V-IubWMeOZCwX_jj0hgAsz2J_pqYW08
PLbK_PdiVGKPrqzmDIsLI7sA25VEnHU1uCLNwBuUiCO11_-7dYbsr4iJmG0Q
u2j8DsVyT1azpJC_NG84Ty5KKthuCaPod7iI7w0LK9orSMhBEwwZDCxTWq4a
YWAchc8t-emd9qOvWtVMDC2BXksRngh6X5bUYLy6AyHKvj-nUy1wgzjYQDwH
MTplCoLtU-o-8SNnZ1tmRoGE9uJkBLdh5gFENabWnU5m1ZqZPdwS-qo-meMv
VfJb6jJVWRpl2SUtCnYG2C32qvbWbjZ_jBPD5eunqsIo1vQ",
"e":"AQAB",
"x5c":
["MIIDQjCCAiqgAwIBAgIGATz/FuLiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMGIxCzAJB
gNVBAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQIEwJDTzEPMA0GA1UEBxMGRGVudmVyMRwwGgYD
VQQKExNQaW5nIElkZW50aXR5IENvcnAuMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5CcmlhbiBDYW1
wYmVsbDAeFw0xMzAyMjEyMzI5MTVaFw0xODA4MTQyMjI5MTVaMGIxCzAJBg
NVBAYTAlVTMQswCQYDVQQIEwJDTzEPMA0GA1UEBxMGRGVudmVyMRwwGgYDV
QQKExNQaW5nIElkZW50aXR5IENvcnAuMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5CcmlhbiBDYW1w
YmVsbDCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAL64zn8/QnH
YMeZ0LncoXaEde1fiLm1jHjmQsF/449IYALM9if6amFtPDy2yvz3YlRij66
s5gyLCyO7ANuVRJx1NbgizcAblIgjtdf/u3WG7K+IiZhtELto/A7Fck9Ws6
SQvzRvOE8uSirYbgmj6He4iO8NCyvaK0jIQRMMGQwsU1quGmFgHIXPLfnpn
fajr1rVTAwtgV5LEZ4Iel+W1GC8ugMhyr4/p1MtcIM42EA8BzE6ZQqC7VPq
PvEjZ2dbZkaBhPbiZAS3YeYBRDWm1p1OZtWamT3cEvqqPpnjL1XyW+oyVVk
aZdklLQp2Btgt9qr21m42f4wTw+Xrp6rCKNb0CAwEAATANBgkqhkiG9w0BA
QUFAAOCAQEAh8zGlfSlcI0o3rYDPBB07aXNswb4ECNIKG0CETTUxmXl9KUL
+9gGlqCz5iWLOgWsnrcKcY0vXPG9J1r9AqBNTqNgHq2G03X09266X5CpOe1
zFo+Owb1zxtp3PehFdfQJ610CDLEaS9V9Rqp17hCyybEpOGVwe8fnk+fbEL
2Bo3UPGrpsHzUoaGpDftmWssZkhpBJKVMJyf/RuP2SmmaIzmnw9JiSlYhzo
4tpzd5rFXhjRbg4zW9C+2qok+2+qDM1iJ684gPHMIY8aLWrdgQTxkumGmTq
gawR+N5MDtdPTEQ0XfIBc2cJEUyMTY5MPvACWpkA6SdS4xSvdXK3IVfOWA=="]
}
Appendix C. Example Encrypted RSA Private Key
This example encrypts an RSA private key to the recipient using
"PBES2-HS256+A128KW" for key encryption and "A128CBC+HS256" for
content encryption.
NOTE: Unless otherwise indicated, all line breaks are included solely
for readability.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 28]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
C.1. Plaintext RSA Private Key
The following RSA key is the plaintext for the authenticated
encryption operation, formatted as a JWK (with line breaks within
values for display purposes only):
{
"kty":"RSA",
"kid":"juliet@capulet.lit",
"use":"enc",
"n":"t6Q8PWSi1dkJj9hTP8hNYFlvadM7DflW9mWepOJhJ66w7nyoK1gPNqFMSQRy
O125Gp-TEkodhWr0iujjHVx7BcV0llS4w5ACGgPrcAd6ZcSR0-Iqom-QFcNP
8Sjg086MwoqQU_LYywlAGZ21WSdS_PERyGFiNnj3QQlO8Yns5jCtLCRwLHL0
Pb1fEv45AuRIuUfVcPySBWYnDyGxvjYGDSM-AqWS9zIQ2ZilgT-GqUmipg0X
OC0Cc20rgLe2ymLHjpHciCKVAbY5-L32-lSeZO-Os6U15_aXrk9Gw8cPUaX1
_I8sLGuSiVdt3C_Fn2PZ3Z8i744FPFGGcG1qs2Wz-Q",
"e":"AQAB",
"d":"GRtbIQmhOZtyszfgKdg4u_N-R_mZGU_9k7JQ_jn1DnfTuMdSNprTeaSTyWfS
NkuaAwnOEbIQVy1IQbWVV25NY3ybc_IhUJtfri7bAXYEReWaCl3hdlPKXy9U
vqPYGR0kIXTQRqns-dVJ7jahlI7LyckrpTmrM8dWBo4_PMaenNnPiQgO0xnu
ToxutRZJfJvG4Ox4ka3GORQd9CsCZ2vsUDmsXOfUENOyMqADC6p1M3h33tsu
rY15k9qMSpG9OX_IJAXmxzAh_tWiZOwk2K4yxH9tS3Lq1yX8C1EWmeRDkK2a
hecG85-oLKQt5VEpWHKmjOi_gJSdSgqcN96X52esAQ",
"p":"2rnSOV4hKSN8sS4CgcQHFbs08XboFDqKum3sc4h3GRxrTmQdl1ZK9uw-PIHf
QP0FkxXVrx-WE-ZEbrqivH_2iCLUS7wAl6XvARt1KkIaUxPPSYB9yk31s0Q8
UK96E3_OrADAYtAJs-M3JxCLfNgqh56HDnETTQhH3rCT5T3yJws",
"q":"1u_RiFDP7LBYh3N4GXLT9OpSKYP0uQZyiaZwBtOCBNJgQxaj10RWjsZu0c6I
edis4S7B_coSKB0Kj9PaPaBzg-IySRvvcQuPamQu66riMhjVtG6TlV8CLCYK
rYl52ziqK0E_ym2QnkwsUX7eYTB7LbAHRK9GqocDE5B0f808I4s",
"dp":"KkMTWqBUefVwZ2_Dbj1pPQqyHSHjj90L5x_MOzqYAJMcLMZtbUtwKqvVDq3
tbEo3ZIcohbDtt6SbfmWzggabpQxNxuBpoOOf_a_HgMXK_lhqigI4y_kqS1w
Y52IwjUn5rgRrJ-yYo1h41KR-vz2pYhEAeYrhttWtxVqLCRViD6c",
"dq":"AvfS0-gRxvn0bwJoMSnFxYcK1WnuEjQFluMGfwGitQBWtfZ1Er7t1xDkbN9
GQTB9yqpDoYaN06H7CFtrkxhJIBQaj6nkF5KKS3TQtQ5qCzkOkmxIe3KRbBy
mXxkb5qwUpX5ELD5xFc6FeiafWYY63TmmEAu_lRFCOJ3xDea-ots",
"qi":"lSQi-w9CpyUReMErP1RsBLk7wNtOvs5EQpPqmuMvqW57NBUczScEoPwmUqq
abu9V0-Py4dQ57_bapoKRu1R90bvuFnU63SHWEFglZQvJDMeAvmj4sm-Fp0o
Yu_neotgQ0hzbI5gry7ajdYy9-2lNx_76aBZoOUu9HCJ-UsfSOI8"
}
The octets representing the Plaintext used in this example (using
JSON array notation) are:
[123, 34, 107, 116, 121, 34, 58, 34, 82, 83, 65, 34, 44, 34, 107,
105, 100, 34, 58, 34, 106, 117, 108, 105, 101, 116, 64, 99, 97, 112,
117, 108, 101, 116, 46, 108, 105, 116, 34, 44, 34, 117, 115, 101, 34,
58, 34, 101, 110, 99, 34, 44, 34, 110, 34, 58, 34, 116, 54, 81, 56,
80, 87, 83, 105, 49, 100, 107, 74, 106, 57, 104, 84, 80, 56, 104, 78,
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 29]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
89, 70, 108, 118, 97, 100, 77, 55, 68, 102, 108, 87, 57, 109, 87,
101, 112, 79, 74, 104, 74, 54, 54, 119, 55, 110, 121, 111, 75, 49,
103, 80, 78, 113, 70, 77, 83, 81, 82, 121, 79, 49, 50, 53, 71, 112,
45, 84, 69, 107, 111, 100, 104, 87, 114, 48, 105, 117, 106, 106, 72,
86, 120, 55, 66, 99, 86, 48, 108, 108, 83, 52, 119, 53, 65, 67, 71,
103, 80, 114, 99, 65, 100, 54, 90, 99, 83, 82, 48, 45, 73, 113, 111,
109, 45, 81, 70, 99, 78, 80, 56, 83, 106, 103, 48, 56, 54, 77, 119,
111, 113, 81, 85, 95, 76, 89, 121, 119, 108, 65, 71, 90, 50, 49, 87,
83, 100, 83, 95, 80, 69, 82, 121, 71, 70, 105, 78, 110, 106, 51, 81,
81, 108, 79, 56, 89, 110, 115, 53, 106, 67, 116, 76, 67, 82, 119, 76,
72, 76, 48, 80, 98, 49, 102, 69, 118, 52, 53, 65, 117, 82, 73, 117,
85, 102, 86, 99, 80, 121, 83, 66, 87, 89, 110, 68, 121, 71, 120, 118,
106, 89, 71, 68, 83, 77, 45, 65, 113, 87, 83, 57, 122, 73, 81, 50,
90, 105, 108, 103, 84, 45, 71, 113, 85, 109, 105, 112, 103, 48, 88,
79, 67, 48, 67, 99, 50, 48, 114, 103, 76, 101, 50, 121, 109, 76, 72,
106, 112, 72, 99, 105, 67, 75, 86, 65, 98, 89, 53, 45, 76, 51, 50,
45, 108, 83, 101, 90, 79, 45, 79, 115, 54, 85, 49, 53, 95, 97, 88,
114, 107, 57, 71, 119, 56, 99, 80, 85, 97, 88, 49, 95, 73, 56, 115,
76, 71, 117, 83, 105, 86, 100, 116, 51, 67, 95, 70, 110, 50, 80, 90,
51, 90, 56, 105, 55, 52, 52, 70, 80, 70, 71, 71, 99, 71, 49, 113,
115, 50, 87, 122, 45, 81, 34, 44, 34, 101, 34, 58, 34, 65, 81, 65,
66, 34, 44, 34, 100, 34, 58, 34, 71, 82, 116, 98, 73, 81, 109, 104,
79, 90, 116, 121, 115, 122, 102, 103, 75, 100, 103, 52, 117, 95, 78,
45, 82, 95, 109, 90, 71, 85, 95, 57, 107, 55, 74, 81, 95, 106, 110,
49, 68, 110, 102, 84, 117, 77, 100, 83, 78, 112, 114, 84, 101, 97,
83, 84, 121, 87, 102, 83, 78, 107, 117, 97, 65, 119, 110, 79, 69, 98,
73, 81, 86, 121, 49, 73, 81, 98, 87, 86, 86, 50, 53, 78, 89, 51, 121,
98, 99, 95, 73, 104, 85, 74, 116, 102, 114, 105, 55, 98, 65, 88, 89,
69, 82, 101, 87, 97, 67, 108, 51, 104, 100, 108, 80, 75, 88, 121, 57,
85, 118, 113, 80, 89, 71, 82, 48, 107, 73, 88, 84, 81, 82, 113, 110,
115, 45, 100, 86, 74, 55, 106, 97, 104, 108, 73, 55, 76, 121, 99,
107, 114, 112, 84, 109, 114, 77, 56, 100, 87, 66, 111, 52, 95, 80,
77, 97, 101, 110, 78, 110, 80, 105, 81, 103, 79, 48, 120, 110, 117,
84, 111, 120, 117, 116, 82, 90, 74, 102, 74, 118, 71, 52, 79, 120,
52, 107, 97, 51, 71, 79, 82, 81, 100, 57, 67, 115, 67, 90, 50, 118,
115, 85, 68, 109, 115, 88, 79, 102, 85, 69, 78, 79, 121, 77, 113, 65,
68, 67, 54, 112, 49, 77, 51, 104, 51, 51, 116, 115, 117, 114, 89, 49,
53, 107, 57, 113, 77, 83, 112, 71, 57, 79, 88, 95, 73, 74, 65, 88,
109, 120, 122, 65, 104, 95, 116, 87, 105, 90, 79, 119, 107, 50, 75,
52, 121, 120, 72, 57, 116, 83, 51, 76, 113, 49, 121, 88, 56, 67, 49,
69, 87, 109, 101, 82, 68, 107, 75, 50, 97, 104, 101, 99, 71, 56, 53,
45, 111, 76, 75, 81, 116, 53, 86, 69, 112, 87, 72, 75, 109, 106, 79,
105, 95, 103, 74, 83, 100, 83, 103, 113, 99, 78, 57, 54, 88, 53, 50,
101, 115, 65, 81, 34, 44, 34, 112, 34, 58, 34, 50, 114, 110, 83, 79,
86, 52, 104, 75, 83, 78, 56, 115, 83, 52, 67, 103, 99, 81, 72, 70,
98, 115, 48, 56, 88, 98, 111, 70, 68, 113, 75, 117, 109, 51, 115, 99,
52, 104, 51, 71, 82, 120, 114, 84, 109, 81, 100, 108, 49, 90, 75, 57,
117, 119, 45, 80, 73, 72, 102, 81, 80, 48, 70, 107, 120, 88, 86, 114,
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 30]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
120, 45, 87, 69, 45, 90, 69, 98, 114, 113, 105, 118, 72, 95, 50, 105,
67, 76, 85, 83, 55, 119, 65, 108, 54, 88, 118, 65, 82, 116, 49, 75,
107, 73, 97, 85, 120, 80, 80, 83, 89, 66, 57, 121, 107, 51, 49, 115,
48, 81, 56, 85, 75, 57, 54, 69, 51, 95, 79, 114, 65, 68, 65, 89, 116,
65, 74, 115, 45, 77, 51, 74, 120, 67, 76, 102, 78, 103, 113, 104, 53,
54, 72, 68, 110, 69, 84, 84, 81, 104, 72, 51, 114, 67, 84, 53, 84,
51, 121, 74, 119, 115, 34, 44, 34, 113, 34, 58, 34, 49, 117, 95, 82,
105, 70, 68, 80, 55, 76, 66, 89, 104, 51, 78, 52, 71, 88, 76, 84, 57,
79, 112, 83, 75, 89, 80, 48, 117, 81, 90, 121, 105, 97, 90, 119, 66,
116, 79, 67, 66, 78, 74, 103, 81, 120, 97, 106, 49, 48, 82, 87, 106,
115, 90, 117, 48, 99, 54, 73, 101, 100, 105, 115, 52, 83, 55, 66, 95,
99, 111, 83, 75, 66, 48, 75, 106, 57, 80, 97, 80, 97, 66, 122, 103,
45, 73, 121, 83, 82, 118, 118, 99, 81, 117, 80, 97, 109, 81, 117, 54,
54, 114, 105, 77, 104, 106, 86, 116, 71, 54, 84, 108, 86, 56, 67, 76,
67, 89, 75, 114, 89, 108, 53, 50, 122, 105, 113, 75, 48, 69, 95, 121,
109, 50, 81, 110, 107, 119, 115, 85, 88, 55, 101, 89, 84, 66, 55, 76,
98, 65, 72, 82, 75, 57, 71, 113, 111, 99, 68, 69, 53, 66, 48, 102,
56, 48, 56, 73, 52, 115, 34, 44, 34, 100, 112, 34, 58, 34, 75, 107,
77, 84, 87, 113, 66, 85, 101, 102, 86, 119, 90, 50, 95, 68, 98, 106,
49, 112, 80, 81, 113, 121, 72, 83, 72, 106, 106, 57, 48, 76, 53, 120,
95, 77, 79, 122, 113, 89, 65, 74, 77, 99, 76, 77, 90, 116, 98, 85,
116, 119, 75, 113, 118, 86, 68, 113, 51, 116, 98, 69, 111, 51, 90,
73, 99, 111, 104, 98, 68, 116, 116, 54, 83, 98, 102, 109, 87, 122,
103, 103, 97, 98, 112, 81, 120, 78, 120, 117, 66, 112, 111, 79, 79,
102, 95, 97, 95, 72, 103, 77, 88, 75, 95, 108, 104, 113, 105, 103,
73, 52, 121, 95, 107, 113, 83, 49, 119, 89, 53, 50, 73, 119, 106, 85,
110, 53, 114, 103, 82, 114, 74, 45, 121, 89, 111, 49, 104, 52, 49,
75, 82, 45, 118, 122, 50, 112, 89, 104, 69, 65, 101, 89, 114, 104,
116, 116, 87, 116, 120, 86, 113, 76, 67, 82, 86, 105, 68, 54, 99, 34,
44, 34, 100, 113, 34, 58, 34, 65, 118, 102, 83, 48, 45, 103, 82, 120,
118, 110, 48, 98, 119, 74, 111, 77, 83, 110, 70, 120, 89, 99, 75, 49,
87, 110, 117, 69, 106, 81, 70, 108, 117, 77, 71, 102, 119, 71, 105,
116, 81, 66, 87, 116, 102, 90, 49, 69, 114, 55, 116, 49, 120, 68,
107, 98, 78, 57, 71, 81, 84, 66, 57, 121, 113, 112, 68, 111, 89, 97,
78, 48, 54, 72, 55, 67, 70, 116, 114, 107, 120, 104, 74, 73, 66, 81,
97, 106, 54, 110, 107, 70, 53, 75, 75, 83, 51, 84, 81, 116, 81, 53,
113, 67, 122, 107, 79, 107, 109, 120, 73, 101, 51, 75, 82, 98, 66,
121, 109, 88, 120, 107, 98, 53, 113, 119, 85, 112, 88, 53, 69, 76,
68, 53, 120, 70, 99, 54, 70, 101, 105, 97, 102, 87, 89, 89, 54, 51,
84, 109, 109, 69, 65, 117, 95, 108, 82, 70, 67, 79, 74, 51, 120, 68,
101, 97, 45, 111, 116, 115, 34, 44, 34, 113, 105, 34, 58, 34, 108,
83, 81, 105, 45, 119, 57, 67, 112, 121, 85, 82, 101, 77, 69, 114, 80,
49, 82, 115, 66, 76, 107, 55, 119, 78, 116, 79, 118, 115, 53, 69, 81,
112, 80, 113, 109, 117, 77, 118, 113, 87, 53, 55, 78, 66, 85, 99,
122, 83, 99, 69, 111, 80, 119, 109, 85, 113, 113, 97, 98, 117, 57,
86, 48, 45, 80, 121, 52, 100, 81, 53, 55, 95, 98, 97, 112, 111, 75,
82, 117, 49, 82, 57, 48, 98, 118, 117, 70, 110, 85, 54, 51, 83, 72,
87, 69, 70, 103, 108, 90, 81, 118, 74, 68, 77, 101, 65, 118, 109,
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 31]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
106, 52, 115, 109, 45, 70, 112, 48, 111, 89, 117, 95, 110, 101, 111,
116, 103, 81, 48, 104, 122, 98, 73, 53, 103, 114, 121, 55, 97, 106,
100, 89, 121, 57, 45, 50, 108, 78, 120, 95, 55, 54, 97, 66, 90, 111,
79, 85, 117, 57, 72, 67, 74, 45, 85, 115, 102, 83, 79, 73, 56, 34,
125]
C.2. JOSE Header
The following example JWE Protected Header declares that:
o the Content Encryption Key is encrypted to the recipient using the
PSE2-HS256+A128KW algorithm to produce the JWE Encrypted Key,
o the Salt Input ("p2s") value is [217, 96, 147, 112, 150, 117, 70,
247, 127, 8, 155, 137, 174, 42, 80, 215],
o the Iteration Count ("p2c") value is 4096,
o authenticated encryption is performed on the Plaintext using the
AES_128_CBC_HMAC_SHA_256 algorithm to produce the Ciphertext and
the Authentication Tag, and
o the content type is application/jwk+json.
{
"alg":"PBES2-HS256+A128KW",
"p2s":"2WCTcJZ1Rvd_CJuJripQ1w",
"p2c":4096,
"enc":"A128CBC-HS256",
"cty":"jwk+json"
}
Encoding this JWE Protected Header as BASE64URL(UTF8(JWE Protected
Header)) gives this value (with line breaks for display purposes
only):
eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJwMnMiOiIyV0NUY0paMVJ2ZF9DSn
VKcmlwUTF3IiwicDJjIjo0MDk2LCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2IiwiY3R5Ijoi
andrK2pzb24ifQ
C.3. Content Encryption Key (CEK)
Generate a 256 bit random Content Encryption Key (CEK). In this
example, the value (using JSON array notation) is:
[111, 27, 25, 52, 66, 29, 20, 78, 92, 176, 56, 240, 65, 208, 82, 112,
161, 131, 36, 55, 202, 236, 185, 172, 129, 23, 153, 194, 195, 48,
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 32]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
253, 182]
C.4. Key Derivation
Derive a key from a shared passphrase using the PBKDF2 algorithm with
HMAC SHA-256 and the specified Salt and Iteration Count values and a
128 bit requested output key size to produce the PBKDF2 Derived Key.
This example uses the following passphrase:
Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is purged.
The octets representing the passphrase are:
[84, 104, 117, 115, 32, 102, 114, 111, 109, 32, 109, 121, 32, 108,
105, 112, 115, 44, 32, 98, 121, 32, 121, 111, 117, 114, 115, 44, 32,
109, 121, 32, 115, 105, 110, 32, 105, 115, 32, 112, 117, 114, 103,
101, 100, 46]
The Salt value (UTF8(Alg) || 0x00 || Salt Input) is:
[80, 66, 69, 83, 50, 45, 72, 83, 50, 53, 54, 43, 65, 49, 50, 56, 75,
87, 0, 217, 96, 147, 112, 150, 117, 70, 247, 127, 8, 155, 137, 174,
42, 80, 215].
The resulting PBKDF2 Derived Key value is:
[110, 171, 169, 92, 129, 92, 109, 117, 233, 242, 116, 233, 170, 14,
24, 75]
C.5. Key Encryption
Encrypt the CEK with the "A128KW" algorithm using the PBKDF2 Derived
Key. The resulting JWE Encrypted Key value is:
[78, 186, 151, 59, 11, 141, 81, 240, 213, 245, 83, 211, 53, 188, 134,
188, 66, 125, 36, 200, 222, 124, 5, 103, 249, 52, 117, 184, 140, 81,
246, 158, 161, 177, 20, 33, 245, 57, 59, 4]
Encoding this JWE Encrypted Key as BASE64URL(JWE Encrypted Key) gives
this value:
TrqXOwuNUfDV9VPTNbyGvEJ9JMjefAVn-TR1uIxR9p6hsRQh9Tk7BA
C.6. Initialization Vector
Generate a random 128 bit JWE Initialization Vector. In this
example, the value is:
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 33]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
[97, 239, 99, 214, 171, 54, 216, 57, 145, 72, 7, 93, 34, 31, 149,
156]
Encoding this JWE Initialization Vector as BASE64URL(JWE
Initialization Vector) gives this value:
Ye9j1qs22DmRSAddIh-VnA
C.7. Additional Authenticated Data
Let the Additional Authenticated Data encryption parameter be
ASCII(BASE64URL(UTF8(JWE Protected Header))). This value is:
[123, 34, 97, 108, 103, 34, 58, 34, 80, 66, 69, 83, 50, 45, 72, 83,
50, 53, 54, 43, 65, 49, 50, 56, 75, 87, 34, 44, 34, 112, 50, 115, 34,
58, 34, 50, 87, 67, 84, 99, 74, 90, 49, 82, 118, 100, 95, 67, 74,
117, 74, 114, 105, 112, 81, 49, 119, 34, 44, 34, 112, 50, 99, 34, 58,
52, 48, 57, 54, 44, 34, 101, 110, 99, 34, 58, 34, 65, 49, 50, 56, 67,
66, 67, 45, 72, 83, 50, 53, 54, 34, 44, 34, 99, 116, 121, 34, 58, 34,
106, 119, 107, 43, 106, 115, 111, 110, 34, 125]
C.8. Content Encryption
Perform authenticated encryption on the Plaintext with the
AES_128_CBC_HMAC_SHA_256 algorithm using the CEK as the encryption
key, the JWE Initialization Vector, and the Additional Authenticated
Data value above. The resulting Ciphertext is:
[3, 8, 65, 242, 92, 107, 148, 168, 197, 159, 77, 139, 25, 97, 42,
131, 110, 199, 225, 56, 61, 127, 38, 64, 108, 91, 247, 167, 150, 98,
112, 122, 99, 235, 132, 50, 28, 46, 56, 170, 169, 89, 220, 145, 38,
157, 148, 224, 66, 140, 8, 169, 146, 117, 222, 54, 242, 28, 31, 11,
129, 227, 226, 169, 66, 117, 133, 254, 140, 216, 115, 203, 131, 60,
60, 47, 233, 132, 121, 13, 35, 188, 53, 19, 172, 77, 59, 54, 211,
158, 172, 25, 60, 111, 0, 80, 201, 158, 160, 210, 68, 55, 12, 67,
136, 130, 87, 216, 197, 95, 62, 20, 155, 205, 5, 140, 27, 168, 221,
65, 114, 78, 157, 254, 46, 206, 182, 52, 135, 87, 239, 3, 34, 186,
126, 220, 151, 17, 33, 237, 57, 96, 172, 183, 58, 45, 248, 103, 241,
142, 136, 7, 53, 16, 173, 181, 7, 93, 92, 252, 1, 53, 212, 242, 8,
255, 11, 239, 181, 24, 148, 136, 111, 24, 161, 244, 23, 106, 69, 157,
215, 243, 189, 240, 166, 169, 249, 72, 38, 201, 99, 223, 173, 229, 9,
222, 82, 79, 157, 176, 248, 85, 239, 121, 163, 1, 31, 48, 98, 206,
61, 249, 104, 216, 201, 227, 105, 48, 194, 193, 10, 36, 160, 159,
241, 166, 84, 54, 188, 211, 243, 242, 40, 46, 45, 193, 193, 160, 169,
101, 201, 1, 73, 47, 105, 142, 88, 28, 42, 132, 26, 61, 58, 63, 142,
243, 77, 26, 179, 153, 166, 46, 203, 208, 49, 55, 229, 34, 178, 4,
109, 180, 204, 204, 115, 1, 103, 193, 5, 91, 215, 214, 195, 1, 110,
208, 53, 144, 36, 105, 12, 54, 25, 129, 101, 15, 183, 150, 250, 147,
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 34]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
115, 227, 58, 250, 5, 128, 232, 63, 15, 14, 19, 141, 124, 253, 142,
137, 189, 135, 26, 44, 240, 27, 88, 132, 105, 127, 6, 71, 37, 41,
124, 187, 165, 140, 34, 200, 123, 80, 228, 24, 231, 176, 132, 171,
138, 145, 152, 116, 224, 50, 141, 51, 147, 91, 186, 7, 246, 106, 217,
148, 244, 227, 244, 45, 220, 121, 165, 224, 148, 181, 17, 181, 128,
197, 101, 237, 11, 169, 229, 149, 199, 78, 56, 15, 14, 190, 91, 216,
222, 247, 213, 74, 40, 8, 96, 20, 168, 119, 96, 26, 24, 52, 37, 82,
127, 57, 176, 147, 118, 59, 7, 224, 33, 117, 72, 155, 29, 82, 26,
215, 189, 140, 119, 28, 152, 118, 93, 222, 194, 192, 148, 115, 83,
253, 216, 212, 108, 88, 83, 175, 172, 220, 97, 79, 110, 42, 223, 170,
161, 34, 164, 144, 193, 76, 122, 92, 160, 41, 178, 175, 6, 35, 96,
113, 96, 158, 90, 129, 101, 26, 45, 70, 180, 189, 230, 15, 5, 247,
150, 209, 94, 171, 26, 13, 142, 212, 129, 1, 176, 5, 0, 112, 203,
174, 185, 119, 76, 233, 189, 54, 172, 189, 245, 223, 253, 205, 12,
88, 9, 126, 157, 225, 90, 40, 229, 191, 63, 30, 160, 224, 69, 3, 140,
109, 70, 89, 37, 213, 245, 194, 210, 180, 188, 63, 210, 139, 221, 2,
144, 200, 20, 177, 216, 29, 227, 242, 106, 12, 135, 142, 139, 144,
82, 225, 162, 171, 176, 108, 99, 6, 43, 193, 161, 116, 234, 216, 1,
242, 21, 124, 162, 98, 205, 124, 193, 38, 12, 242, 90, 101, 76, 204,
184, 124, 58, 180, 16, 240, 26, 76, 195, 250, 212, 191, 185, 191, 97,
198, 186, 73, 225, 75, 14, 90, 123, 121, 172, 101, 50, 160, 221, 141,
253, 205, 126, 77, 9, 87, 198, 110, 104, 182, 141, 120, 51, 25, 232,
3, 32, 80, 6, 156, 8, 18, 4, 135, 221, 142, 25, 135, 2, 129, 132,
115, 227, 74, 141, 28, 119, 11, 141, 117, 134, 198, 62, 150, 254, 97,
75, 197, 251, 99, 89, 204, 224, 226, 67, 83, 175, 89, 0, 81, 29, 38,
207, 89, 140, 255, 197, 177, 164, 128, 62, 116, 224, 180, 109, 169,
28, 2, 59, 176, 130, 252, 44, 178, 81, 24, 181, 176, 75, 44, 61, 91,
12, 37, 21, 255, 83, 130, 197, 16, 231, 60, 217, 56, 131, 118, 168,
202, 58, 52, 84, 124, 162, 185, 174, 162, 226, 242, 112, 68, 246,
202, 16, 208, 52, 154, 58, 129, 80, 102, 33, 171, 6, 186, 177, 14,
195, 88, 136, 6, 0, 155, 28, 100, 162, 207, 162, 222, 117, 248, 170,
208, 114, 87, 31, 57, 176, 33, 57, 83, 253, 12, 168, 110, 194, 59,
22, 86, 48, 227, 196, 22, 176, 218, 122, 149, 21, 249, 195, 178, 174,
250, 20, 34, 120, 60, 139, 201, 99, 40, 18, 177, 17, 54, 54, 6, 3,
222, 128, 160, 88, 11, 27, 0, 81, 192, 36, 41, 169, 146, 8, 47, 64,
136, 28, 64, 209, 67, 135, 202, 20, 234, 182, 91, 204, 146, 195, 187,
0, 72, 77, 11, 111, 152, 204, 252, 177, 212, 89, 33, 50, 132, 184,
44, 183, 186, 19, 250, 69, 176, 201, 102, 140, 14, 143, 212, 212,
160, 123, 208, 185, 27, 155, 68, 77, 133, 198, 2, 126, 155, 215, 22,
91, 30, 217, 176, 172, 244, 156, 174, 143, 75, 90, 21, 102, 1, 160,
59, 253, 188, 88, 57, 185, 197, 83, 24, 22, 180, 174, 47, 207, 52, 1,
141, 146, 119, 233, 68, 228, 224, 228, 193, 248, 155, 202, 90, 7,
213, 88, 33, 108, 107, 14, 86, 8, 120, 250, 58, 142, 35, 164, 238,
221, 219, 35, 123, 88, 199, 192, 143, 104, 83, 17, 166, 243, 247, 11,
166, 67, 68, 204, 132, 23, 110, 103, 228, 14, 55, 122, 88, 57, 180,
178, 237, 52, 130, 214, 245, 102, 123, 67, 73, 175, 1, 127, 112, 148,
94, 132, 164, 197, 153, 217, 87, 25, 89, 93, 63, 22, 66, 166, 90,
251, 101, 10, 145, 66, 17, 124, 36, 255, 165, 226, 97, 16, 86, 112,
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 35]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
154, 88, 105, 253, 56, 209, 229, 122, 103, 51, 24, 228, 190, 3, 236,
48, 182, 121, 176, 140, 128, 117, 87, 251, 224, 37, 23, 248, 21, 218,
85, 251, 136, 84, 147, 143, 144, 46, 155, 183, 251, 89, 86, 23, 26,
237, 100, 167, 32, 130, 173, 237, 89, 55, 110, 70, 142, 127, 65, 230,
208, 109, 69, 19, 253, 84, 130, 130, 193, 92, 58, 108, 150, 42, 136,
249, 234, 86, 241, 182, 19, 117, 246, 26, 181, 92, 101, 155, 44, 103,
235, 173, 30, 140, 90, 29, 183, 190, 77, 53, 206, 127, 5, 87, 8, 187,
184, 92, 4, 157, 22, 18, 105, 251, 39, 88, 182, 181, 103, 148, 233,
6, 63, 70, 188, 7, 101, 216, 127, 77, 31, 12, 233, 7, 147, 106, 30,
150, 77, 145, 13, 205, 48, 56, 245, 220, 89, 252, 127, 51, 180, 36,
31, 55, 18, 214, 230, 254, 217, 197, 65, 247, 27, 215, 117, 247, 108,
157, 121, 11, 63, 150, 195, 83, 6, 134, 242, 41, 24, 105, 204, 5, 63,
192, 14, 159, 113, 72, 140, 128, 51, 215, 80, 215, 39, 149, 94, 79,
128, 34, 5, 129, 82, 83, 121, 187, 37, 146, 27, 32, 177, 167, 71, 9,
195, 30, 199, 196, 205, 252, 207, 69, 8, 120, 27, 190, 51, 43, 75,
249, 234, 167, 116, 206, 203, 199, 43, 108, 87, 48, 155, 140, 228,
210, 85, 25, 161, 96, 67, 8, 205, 64, 39, 75, 88, 44, 238, 227, 16,
0, 100, 93, 129, 18, 4, 149, 50, 68, 72, 99, 35, 111, 254, 27, 102,
175, 108, 233, 87, 181, 44, 169, 18, 139, 79, 208, 14, 202, 192, 5,
162, 222, 231, 149, 24, 211, 49, 120, 101, 39, 206, 87, 147, 204,
200, 251, 104, 115, 5, 127, 117, 195, 79, 151, 18, 224, 52, 0, 245,
4, 85, 255, 103, 217, 0, 116, 198, 80, 91, 167, 192, 154, 199, 197,
149, 237, 51, 2, 131, 30, 226, 95, 105, 48, 68, 135, 208, 144, 120,
176, 145, 157, 8, 171, 80, 94, 61, 92, 92, 220, 157, 13, 138, 51, 23,
185, 124, 31, 77, 1, 87, 241, 43, 239, 55, 122, 86, 210, 48, 208,
204, 112, 144, 80, 147, 106, 219, 47, 253, 31, 134, 176, 16, 135,
219, 95, 17, 129, 83, 236, 125, 136, 112, 86, 228, 252, 71, 129, 218,
174, 156, 236, 12, 27, 159, 11, 138, 252, 253, 207, 31, 115, 214,
118, 239, 203, 16, 211, 205, 99, 22, 51, 163, 107, 162, 246, 199, 67,
127, 34, 108, 197, 53, 117, 58, 199, 3, 190, 74, 70, 190, 65, 235,
175, 97, 157, 215, 252, 189, 245, 100, 229, 248, 46, 90, 126, 237, 4,
159, 128, 58, 7, 156, 236, 69, 191, 85, 240, 179, 224, 249, 152, 49,
195, 223, 60, 78, 186, 157, 155, 217, 58, 105, 116, 164, 217, 111,
215, 150, 218, 252, 84, 86, 248, 140, 240, 226, 61, 106, 208, 95, 60,
163, 6, 0, 235, 253, 162, 96, 62, 234, 251, 249, 35, 21, 7, 211, 233,
86, 50, 33, 203, 67, 248, 60, 190, 123, 48, 167, 226, 90, 191, 71,
56, 183, 165, 17, 85, 76, 238, 140, 211, 168, 53, 223, 194, 4, 97,
149, 156, 120, 137, 76, 33, 229, 243, 194, 208, 198, 202, 139, 28,
114, 46, 224, 92, 254, 83, 100, 134, 158, 92, 70, 78, 61, 62, 138,
24, 173, 216, 66, 198, 70, 254, 47, 59, 193, 53, 6, 139, 19, 153,
253, 28, 199, 122, 160, 27, 67, 234, 209, 227, 139, 4, 50, 7, 178,
183, 89, 252, 32, 128, 137, 55, 52, 29, 89, 12, 111, 42, 181, 51,
170, 132, 132, 207, 170, 228, 254, 178, 213, 0, 136, 175, 8]
The resulting Authentication Tag value is:
[208, 113, 102, 132, 236, 236, 67, 223, 39, 53, 98, 99, 32, 121, 17,
236]
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 36]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Encoding this JWE Ciphertext as BASE64URL(JWE Ciphertext) gives this
value (with line breaks for display purposes only):
AwhB8lxrlKjFn02LGWEqg27H4Tg9fyZAbFv3p5ZicHpj64QyHC44qqlZ3JEmnZTgQo
wIqZJ13jbyHB8LgePiqUJ1hf6M2HPLgzw8L-mEeQ0jvDUTrE07NtOerBk8bwBQyZ6g
0kQ3DEOIglfYxV8-FJvNBYwbqN1Bck6d_i7OtjSHV-8DIrp-3JcRIe05YKy3Oi34Z_
GOiAc1EK21B11c_AE11PII_wvvtRiUiG8YofQXakWd1_O98Kap-UgmyWPfreUJ3lJP
nbD4Ve95owEfMGLOPflo2MnjaTDCwQokoJ_xplQ2vNPz8iguLcHBoKllyQFJL2mOWB
wqhBo9Oj-O800as5mmLsvQMTflIrIEbbTMzHMBZ8EFW9fWwwFu0DWQJGkMNhmBZQ-3
lvqTc-M6-gWA6D8PDhONfP2Oib2HGizwG1iEaX8GRyUpfLuljCLIe1DkGOewhKuKkZ
h04DKNM5Nbugf2atmU9OP0Ldx5peCUtRG1gMVl7Qup5ZXHTjgPDr5b2N731UooCGAU
qHdgGhg0JVJ_ObCTdjsH4CF1SJsdUhrXvYx3HJh2Xd7CwJRzU_3Y1GxYU6-s3GFPbi
rfqqEipJDBTHpcoCmyrwYjYHFgnlqBZRotRrS95g8F95bRXqsaDY7UgQGwBQBwy665
d0zpvTasvfXf_c0MWAl-neFaKOW_Px6g4EUDjG1GWSXV9cLStLw_0ovdApDIFLHYHe
PyagyHjouQUuGiq7BsYwYrwaF06tgB8hV8omLNfMEmDPJaZUzMuHw6tBDwGkzD-tS_
ub9hxrpJ4UsOWnt5rGUyoN2N_c1-TQlXxm5oto14MxnoAyBQBpwIEgSH3Y4ZhwKBhH
PjSo0cdwuNdYbGPpb-YUvF-2NZzODiQ1OvWQBRHSbPWYz_xbGkgD504LRtqRwCO7CC
_CyyURi1sEssPVsMJRX_U4LFEOc82TiDdqjKOjRUfKK5rqLi8nBE9soQ0DSaOoFQZi
GrBrqxDsNYiAYAmxxkos-i3nX4qtByVx85sCE5U_0MqG7COxZWMOPEFrDaepUV-cOy
rvoUIng8i8ljKBKxETY2BgPegKBYCxsAUcAkKamSCC9AiBxA0UOHyhTqtlvMksO7AE
hNC2-YzPyx1FkhMoS4LLe6E_pFsMlmjA6P1NSge9C5G5tETYXGAn6b1xZbHtmwrPSc
ro9LWhVmAaA7_bxYObnFUxgWtK4vzzQBjZJ36UTk4OTB-JvKWgfVWCFsaw5WCHj6Oo
4jpO7d2yN7WMfAj2hTEabz9wumQ0TMhBduZ-QON3pYObSy7TSC1vVme0NJrwF_cJRe
hKTFmdlXGVldPxZCplr7ZQqRQhF8JP-l4mEQVnCaWGn9ONHlemczGOS-A-wwtnmwjI
B1V_vgJRf4FdpV-4hUk4-QLpu3-1lWFxrtZKcggq3tWTduRo5_QebQbUUT_VSCgsFc
OmyWKoj56lbxthN19hq1XGWbLGfrrR6MWh23vk01zn8FVwi7uFwEnRYSafsnWLa1Z5
TpBj9GvAdl2H9NHwzpB5NqHpZNkQ3NMDj13Fn8fzO0JB83Etbm_tnFQfcb13X3bJ15
Cz-Ww1MGhvIpGGnMBT_ADp9xSIyAM9dQ1yeVXk-AIgWBUlN5uyWSGyCxp0cJwx7HxM
38z0UIeBu-MytL-eqndM7LxytsVzCbjOTSVRmhYEMIzUAnS1gs7uMQAGRdgRIElTJE
SGMjb_4bZq9s6Ve1LKkSi0_QDsrABaLe55UY0zF4ZSfOV5PMyPtocwV_dcNPlxLgNA
D1BFX_Z9kAdMZQW6fAmsfFle0zAoMe4l9pMESH0JB4sJGdCKtQXj1cXNydDYozF7l8
H00BV_Er7zd6VtIw0MxwkFCTatsv_R-GsBCH218RgVPsfYhwVuT8R4HarpzsDBufC4
r8_c8fc9Z278sQ081jFjOja6L2x0N_ImzFNXU6xwO-Ska-QeuvYZ3X_L31ZOX4Llp-
7QSfgDoHnOxFv1Xws-D5mDHD3zxOup2b2TppdKTZb9eW2vxUVviM8OI9atBfPKMGAO
v9omA-6vv5IxUH0-lWMiHLQ_g8vnswp-Jav0c4t6URVUzujNOoNd_CBGGVnHiJTCHl
88LQxsqLHHIu4Fz-U2SGnlxGTj0-ihit2ELGRv4vO8E1BosTmf0cx3qgG0Pq0eOLBD
IHsrdZ_CCAiTc0HVkMbyq1M6qEhM-q5P6y1QCIrwg
Encoding this JWE Authentication Tag as BASE64URL(JWE Authentication
Tag) gives this value:
0HFmhOzsQ98nNWJjIHkR7A
C.9. Complete Representation
Assemble the final representation: The JWE Compact Serialization of
this result, as defined in Section 7.1 of [JWE], is the string
BASE64URL(UTF8(JWE Protected Header)) || '.' || BASE64URL(JWE
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 37]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Encrypted Key) || '.' || BASE64URL(JWE Initialization Vector) || '.'
|| BASE64URL(JWE Ciphertext) || '.' || BASE64URL(JWE Authentication
Tag).
The final result in this example (with line breaks for display
purposes only) is:
eyJhbGciOiJQQkVTMi1IUzI1NitBMTI4S1ciLCJwMnMiOiIyV0NUY0paMVJ2ZF9DSn
VKcmlwUTF3IiwicDJjIjo0MDk2LCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2IiwiY3R5Ijoi
andrK2pzb24ifQ.
TrqXOwuNUfDV9VPTNbyGvEJ9JMjefAVn-TR1uIxR9p6hsRQh9Tk7BA.
Ye9j1qs22DmRSAddIh-VnA.
AwhB8lxrlKjFn02LGWEqg27H4Tg9fyZAbFv3p5ZicHpj64QyHC44qqlZ3JEmnZTgQo
wIqZJ13jbyHB8LgePiqUJ1hf6M2HPLgzw8L-mEeQ0jvDUTrE07NtOerBk8bwBQyZ6g
0kQ3DEOIglfYxV8-FJvNBYwbqN1Bck6d_i7OtjSHV-8DIrp-3JcRIe05YKy3Oi34Z_
GOiAc1EK21B11c_AE11PII_wvvtRiUiG8YofQXakWd1_O98Kap-UgmyWPfreUJ3lJP
nbD4Ve95owEfMGLOPflo2MnjaTDCwQokoJ_xplQ2vNPz8iguLcHBoKllyQFJL2mOWB
wqhBo9Oj-O800as5mmLsvQMTflIrIEbbTMzHMBZ8EFW9fWwwFu0DWQJGkMNhmBZQ-3
lvqTc-M6-gWA6D8PDhONfP2Oib2HGizwG1iEaX8GRyUpfLuljCLIe1DkGOewhKuKkZ
h04DKNM5Nbugf2atmU9OP0Ldx5peCUtRG1gMVl7Qup5ZXHTjgPDr5b2N731UooCGAU
qHdgGhg0JVJ_ObCTdjsH4CF1SJsdUhrXvYx3HJh2Xd7CwJRzU_3Y1GxYU6-s3GFPbi
rfqqEipJDBTHpcoCmyrwYjYHFgnlqBZRotRrS95g8F95bRXqsaDY7UgQGwBQBwy665
d0zpvTasvfXf_c0MWAl-neFaKOW_Px6g4EUDjG1GWSXV9cLStLw_0ovdApDIFLHYHe
PyagyHjouQUuGiq7BsYwYrwaF06tgB8hV8omLNfMEmDPJaZUzMuHw6tBDwGkzD-tS_
ub9hxrpJ4UsOWnt5rGUyoN2N_c1-TQlXxm5oto14MxnoAyBQBpwIEgSH3Y4ZhwKBhH
PjSo0cdwuNdYbGPpb-YUvF-2NZzODiQ1OvWQBRHSbPWYz_xbGkgD504LRtqRwCO7CC
_CyyURi1sEssPVsMJRX_U4LFEOc82TiDdqjKOjRUfKK5rqLi8nBE9soQ0DSaOoFQZi
GrBrqxDsNYiAYAmxxkos-i3nX4qtByVx85sCE5U_0MqG7COxZWMOPEFrDaepUV-cOy
rvoUIng8i8ljKBKxETY2BgPegKBYCxsAUcAkKamSCC9AiBxA0UOHyhTqtlvMksO7AE
hNC2-YzPyx1FkhMoS4LLe6E_pFsMlmjA6P1NSge9C5G5tETYXGAn6b1xZbHtmwrPSc
ro9LWhVmAaA7_bxYObnFUxgWtK4vzzQBjZJ36UTk4OTB-JvKWgfVWCFsaw5WCHj6Oo
4jpO7d2yN7WMfAj2hTEabz9wumQ0TMhBduZ-QON3pYObSy7TSC1vVme0NJrwF_cJRe
hKTFmdlXGVldPxZCplr7ZQqRQhF8JP-l4mEQVnCaWGn9ONHlemczGOS-A-wwtnmwjI
B1V_vgJRf4FdpV-4hUk4-QLpu3-1lWFxrtZKcggq3tWTduRo5_QebQbUUT_VSCgsFc
OmyWKoj56lbxthN19hq1XGWbLGfrrR6MWh23vk01zn8FVwi7uFwEnRYSafsnWLa1Z5
TpBj9GvAdl2H9NHwzpB5NqHpZNkQ3NMDj13Fn8fzO0JB83Etbm_tnFQfcb13X3bJ15
Cz-Ww1MGhvIpGGnMBT_ADp9xSIyAM9dQ1yeVXk-AIgWBUlN5uyWSGyCxp0cJwx7HxM
38z0UIeBu-MytL-eqndM7LxytsVzCbjOTSVRmhYEMIzUAnS1gs7uMQAGRdgRIElTJE
SGMjb_4bZq9s6Ve1LKkSi0_QDsrABaLe55UY0zF4ZSfOV5PMyPtocwV_dcNPlxLgNA
D1BFX_Z9kAdMZQW6fAmsfFle0zAoMe4l9pMESH0JB4sJGdCKtQXj1cXNydDYozF7l8
H00BV_Er7zd6VtIw0MxwkFCTatsv_R-GsBCH218RgVPsfYhwVuT8R4HarpzsDBufC4
r8_c8fc9Z278sQ081jFjOja6L2x0N_ImzFNXU6xwO-Ska-QeuvYZ3X_L31ZOX4Llp-
7QSfgDoHnOxFv1Xws-D5mDHD3zxOup2b2TppdKTZb9eW2vxUVviM8OI9atBfPKMGAO
v9omA-6vv5IxUH0-lWMiHLQ_g8vnswp-Jav0c4t6URVUzujNOoNd_CBGGVnHiJTCHl
88LQxsqLHHIu4Fz-U2SGnlxGTj0-ihit2ELGRv4vO8E1BosTmf0cx3qgG0Pq0eOLBD
IHsrdZ_CCAiTc0HVkMbyq1M6qEhM-q5P6y1QCIrwg.
0HFmhOzsQ98nNWJjIHkR7A
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 38]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Appendix D. Acknowledgements
A JSON representation for RSA public keys was previously introduced
by John Panzer, Ben Laurie, and Dirk Balfanz in Magic Signatures
[MagicSignatures].
Thanks to Matt Miller for creating the encrypted key example and to
Edmund Jay and Brian Campbell for validating the example.
This specification is the work of the JOSE Working Group, which
includes dozens of active and dedicated participants. In particular,
the following individuals contributed ideas, feedback, and wording
that influenced this specification:
Dirk Balfanz, Richard Barnes, John Bradley, Brian Campbell, Breno de
Medeiros, Stephen Farrell, Joe Hildebrand, Edmund Jay, Stephen Kent,
Ben Laurie, James Manger, Matt Miller, Kathleen Moriarty, Chuck
Mortimore, Tony Nadalin, Axel Nennker, John Panzer, Eric Rescorla,
Pete Resnick, Nat Sakimura, Jim Schaad, Ryan Sleevi, Paul Tarjan,
Hannes Tschofenig, and Sean Turner.
Jim Schaad and Karen O'Donoghue chaired the JOSE working group and
Sean Turner, Stephen Farrell, and Kathleen Moriarty served as
Security area directors during the creation of this specification.
Appendix E. Document History
[[ to be removed by the RFC Editor before publication as an RFC ]]
-41
o Added Security Considerations text about binding attributes to
keys.
o Incorporated additional terms defined in the JWE spec by
reference.
-40
o Clarified the definitions of UTF8(STRING) and ASCII(STRING).
o Stated that line breaks are for display purposes only in places
where this disclaimer was needed and missing.
o Updated the WebCrypto reference to refer to the W3C Candidate
Recommendation.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 39]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
-39
o No changes were made, other than to the version number and date.
-38
o Replaced uses of the phrase "JWK object" with "JWK".
-37
o Updated the TLS requirements language to only require
implementations to support TLS when they support features using
TLS.
o Restricted algorithm names to using only ASCII characters.
o Updated the example IANA registration request subject line.
-36
o Stated that if both "use" and "key_ops" are used, the information
they convey MUST be consistent.
o Clarified where white space and line breaks may occur in JSON
objects by referencing Section 2 of RFC 7159.
o Specified that registration reviews occur on the
jose-reg-review@ietf.org mailing list.
-35
o Used real values for examples in the IANA Registration Templates.
-34
o Addressed IESG review comments by Pete Resnick, Stephen Farrell,
and Richard Barnes.
o Referenced RFC 4945 for PEM certificate delimiter syntax.
-33
o Addressed secdir review comments by Stephen Kent for which
resolutions had mistakenly been omitted in the previous draft.
o Acknowledged additional contributors.
-32
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 40]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Addressed Gen-ART review comments by Russ Housley.
o Addressed secdir review comments by Stephen Kent.
-31
o No changes were made, other than to the version number and date.
-30
o Added references and cleaned up the reference syntax in a few
places.
o Applied minor wording changes to the Security Considerations
section.
-29
o Replaced the terms JWS Header, JWE Header, and JWT Header with a
single JOSE Header term defined in the JWS specification. This
also enabled a single Header Parameter definition to be used and
reduced other areas of duplication between specifications.
-28
o Revised the introduction to the Security Considerations section.
o Refined the text about when applications using encrypted JWKs and
JWK Sets would not need to use the "cty" header parameter.
-27
o Added an example JWK early in the draft.
o Described additional security considerations.
o Added the "x5t#S256" (X.509 Certificate SHA-256 Thumbprint) JWK
member.
o Addressed a few editorial issues.
-26
o Referenced Section 6 of RFC 6125 for TLS server certificate
identity validation.
o Deleted misleading non-normative phrase from the "use"
description.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 41]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Noted that octet sequences are depicted using JSON array notation.
o Updated references, including to W3C specifications.
-25
o Updated WebCrypto reference to refer to W3C Last Call draft.
-24
o Corrected the authentication tag value in the encrypted key
example.
o Updated the JSON reference to RFC 7159.
-23
o No changes were made, other than to the version number and date.
-22
o Corrected RFC 2119 terminology usage.
o Replaced references to draft-ietf-json-rfc4627bis with RFC 7158.
-21
o Replaced the "key_ops" values "wrap" and "unwrap" with "wrapKey"
and "unwrapKey" to match the "KeyUsage" values defined in the
current Web Cryptography API editor's draft.
o Compute the PBES2 salt parameter as (UTF8(Alg) || 0x00 || Salt
Input), where the "p2s" Header Parameter encodes the Salt Input
value and Alg is the "alg" Header Parameter value.
o Changed some references from being normative to informative,
addressing issue #90.
-20
o Renamed "use_details" to "key_ops" (key operations).
o Clarified that "use" is meant for public key use cases, "key_ops"
is meant for use cases in which public, private, or symmetric keys
may be present, and that "use" and "key_ops" should not be used
together.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 42]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Replaced references to RFC 4627 with draft-ietf-json-rfc4627bis,
addressing issue #90.
-19
o Added optional "use_details" (key use details) JWK member.
o Reordered the key selection parameters.
-18
o Changes to address editorial and minor issues #68, #69, #73, #74,
#76, #77, #78, #79, #82, #85, #89, and #135.
o Added and used Description registry fields.
-17
o Refined the "typ" and "cty" definitions to always be MIME Media
Types, with the omission of "application/" prefixes recommended
for brevity, addressing issue #50.
o Added an example encrypting an RSA private key with
"PBES2-HS256+A128KW" and "A128CBC-HS256". Thanks to Matt Miller
for producing this!
o Processing rules occurring in both JWS and JWK are now referenced
in JWS by JWK, rather than duplicated, addressing issue #57.
o Terms used in multiple documents are now defined in one place and
incorporated by reference. Some lightly used or obvious terms
were also removed. This addresses issue #58.
-16
o Changes to address editorial and minor issues #41, #42, #43, #47,
#51, #67, #71, #76, #80, #83, #84, #85, #86, #87, and #88.
-15
o Changes to address editorial issues #48, #64, #65, #66, and #91.
-14
o Relaxed language introducing key parameters since some parameters
are applicable to multiple, but not all, key types.
-13
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 43]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Applied spelling and grammar corrections.
-12
o Stated that recipients MUST either reject JWKs and JWK Sets with
duplicate member names or use a JSON parser that returns only the
lexically last duplicate member name.
-11
o Stated that when "kid" values are used within a JWK Set, different
keys within the JWK Set SHOULD use distinct "kid" values.
o Added optional "x5u" (X.509 URL), "x5t" (X.509 Certificate
Thumbprint), and "x5c" (X.509 Certificate Chain) JWK parameters.
o Added section on Encrypted JWK and Encrypted JWK Set Formats.
o Added a Parameter Information Class value to the JSON Web Key
Parameters registry, which registers whether the parameter conveys
public or private information.
o Registered "application/jwk+json" and "application/jwk-set+json"
MIME types and "JWK" and "JWK-SET" typ header parameter values,
addressing issue #21.
-10
o No changes were made, other than to the version number and date.
-09
o Expanded the scope of the JWK specification to include private and
symmetric key representations, as specified by
draft-jones-jose-json-private-and-symmetric-key-00.
o Defined that members that are not understood must be ignored.
-08
o Changed the name of the JWK key type parameter from "alg" to "kty"
to enable use of "alg" to indicate the particular algorithm that
the key is intended to be used with.
o Clarified statements of the form "This member is OPTIONAL" to "Use
of this member is OPTIONAL".
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 44]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
o Referenced String Comparison Rules in JWS.
o Added seriesInfo information to Internet Draft references.
-07
o Changed the name of the JWK RSA modulus parameter from "mod" to
"n" and the name of the JWK RSA exponent parameter from "xpo" to
"e", so that the identifiers are the same as those used in RFC
3447.
-06
o Changed the name of the JWK RSA exponent parameter from "exp" to
"xpo" so as to allow the potential use of the name "exp" for a
future extension that might define an expiration parameter for
keys. (The "exp" name is already used for this purpose in the JWT
specification.)
o Clarify that the "alg" (algorithm family) member is REQUIRED.
o Correct an instance of "JWK" that should have been "JWK Set".
o Applied changes made by the RFC Editor to RFC 6749's registry
language to this specification.
-05
o Indented artwork elements to better distinguish them from the body
text.
-04
o Refer to the registries as the primary sources of defined values
and then secondarily reference the sections defining the initial
contents of the registries.
o Normatively reference XML DSIG 2.0 for its security
considerations.
o Added this language to Registration Templates: "This name is case
sensitive. Names that match other registered names in a case
insensitive manner SHOULD NOT be accepted."
o Described additional open issues.
o Applied editorial suggestions.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 45]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
-03
o Clarified that "kid" values need not be unique within a JWK Set.
o Moved JSON Web Key Parameters registry to the JWK specification.
o Added "Collision Resistant Namespace" to the terminology section.
o Changed registration requirements from RFC Required to
Specification Required with Expert Review.
o Added Registration Template sections for defined registries.
o Added Registry Contents sections to populate registry values.
o Numerous editorial improvements.
-02
o Simplified JWK terminology to get replace the "JWK Key Object" and
"JWK Container Object" terms with simply "JSON Web Key (JWK)" and
"JSON Web Key Set (JWK Set)" and to eliminate potential confusion
between single keys and sets of keys. As part of this change, the
top-level member name for a set of keys was changed from "jwk" to
"keys".
o Clarified that values with duplicate member names MUST be
rejected.
o Established JSON Web Key Set Parameters registry.
o Explicitly listed non-goals in the introduction.
o Moved algorithm-specific definitions from JWK to JWA.
o Reformatted to give each member definition its own section
heading.
-01
o Corrected the Magic Signatures reference.
-00
o Created the initial IETF draft based upon
draft-jones-json-web-key-03 with no normative changes.
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 46]
Internet-Draft JSON Web Key (JWK) January 2015
Author's Address
Michael B. Jones
Microsoft
Email: mbj@microsoft.com
URI: http://self-issued.info/
Jones Expires July 20, 2015 [Page 47]
