Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-nfsv4-delstid
draft-ietf-nfsv4-delstid
Network File System Version 4 T. Haynes
Internet-Draft T. Myklebust
Updates: 8881 (if approved) Hammerspace
Intended status: Standards Track 6 July 2023
Expires: 7 January 2024
Extending the Opening of Files in NFSv4.2
draft-ietf-nfsv4-delstid-03
Abstract
The Network File System v4 (NFSv4) allows a client to both open a
file and be granted a delegation of that file. This delegation
provides the client the right to authoritatively cache metadata on
the file locally. This document presents several extensions to
RFC8881 for both the opening and delegating of the file to the
client.
Note
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Discussion of this draft takes place on the NFSv4 working group
mailing list (nfsv4@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/nfsv4/. Working Group
information can be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/nfsv4/
about/.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 7 January 2024.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Offline Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. OPEN grants only one of Open or Delegation Stateid . . . . . 4
3.1. Implementation Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Proxying of Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Use case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. XDR for Proxying of Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Determining OPEN Feature Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Extraction of XDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.1. Code Components Licensing Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix A. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Introduction
In the Network File System version4 (NFSv4), a client may be granted
a delegation for a file. This allows the client to act as the
authority for the file's metadata and data. This document presents a
number of extensions which enhance the functionality of opens and
delegations. These allow the client to:
* detect an offline file, which may require significant effort to
obtain.
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* determine which extensions of OPEN (see Section 18.16 of
[RFC8881]) flags are supported by the server.
* during the OPEN procedure, get either the open or delegation
stateids, but not both.
* cache both the access and modify times, reducing the number of
times the client needs to go to the server to get that
information.
Using the process detailed in [RFC8178], the revisions in this
document become an extension of NFSv4.2 [RFC7862]. They are built on
top of the external data representation (XDR) [RFC4506] generated
from [RFC7863].
1.1. Definitions
delegation: A file delegation, which is a recallable lock that
assures the holder that inconsistent opens and file changes cannot
occur so long as the delegation is held.
proxy: Proxying of attributes occurs when a client has the authority
to represent the attributes normally maintained by the server.
The client having this authority is the "proxy" for those
attributes.
stateid: A stateid is a 128-bit quantity returned by a server that
uniquely designates state held by the server for the client. (See
Section 8 of [RFC8881])
1.2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
2. Offline Files
If a file is offline, then the server has immediate high-performance
access to the file's attributes, but not to the file's content. The
action of retrieving the data content is expensive, to the extent
that the content should only be retrieved if it is going to be used.
For example, a graphical file manager (such as OSX's Finder) may want
to access the beginning of the file to preview it for an user who is
hovering their pointer over the file name and not accessing it
otherwise. If the file is retrieved, it will most likely either be
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immediately thrown away or returned.
A compound with a GETATTR or READDIR can report the file's attributes
without bringing the file online. However, either an OPEN or a
LAYOUTGET might cause the file server to retrieve the archived data
contents, bringing the file online. For non-pNFS systems, the OPEN
operation requires a filehandle to the data content. For pNFS
systems, the filehandle retrieved from an OPEN need not cause the
data content to be retrieved. But when the LAYOUTGET operation is
processed, a layout type specific mapping will cause the data content
to be retrieved from offline storage.
If the client is not aware that the file is offline, it might
inadvertently open the file to determine what type of file it is
accessing. By interrogating the new attribute FATTR4_OFFLINE, a
client can predetermine the availability of the file, avoiding the
need to open it at all. Being offline might also involve situations
in which the file is archived in the cloud, i.e., there can be an
expense in both retrieving the file to bring online and in sending
the file back to offline status.
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// typedef bool fattr4_offline;
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// const FATTR4_OFFLINE = 83;
///
<CODE ENDS>
3. OPEN grants only one of Open or Delegation Stateid
The OPEN (See Section 18.16 of [RFC8881]) procedure returns an open
stateid to the client to reference the state of the file. The client
could also request a delegation stateid in the OPEN arguments. The
file can be considered open for the client as long as the count of
open and delegated stateids is greater than 0. Either type of
stateid is sufficient to enable the server to treat the file as if it
were open, which allows READ (See Section 18.25 of [RFC8881]), WRITE
(See Section 18.38 of [RFC8881]), LOCK (See Section 18.12 of
[RFC8881]), and LAYOUTGET (see Section 18.50 of [RFC8881]) operations
to proceed. If the client gets both a open and a delegation stateid
as part of the OPEN, then it has to return them both. A further
consideration is that during each operation, the client can send a
costly GETATTR (See Section 18.9 of [RFC8881]).
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If the client knows that the server supports the
OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_OPEN_XOR_DELEGATION flag (as determined by an
earlier GETATTR operation which queried for the FATTR4_OPEN_ARGUMENTS
attribute), then the client can supply that flag during the OPEN and
only get either an open or delegation stateid.
The client is already prepared to not get a delegation stateid even
if requested. In order to not send an open stateid, the server can
indicate that fact with the result flag of
OPEN4_RESULT_NO_OPEN_STATEID. The open stateid field,
OPEN4resok.stateid (see Section 18.16.2 of [RFC8881]), will also be
set to the special all zero stateid.
3.1. Implementation Experience
The CLOSE operation neither explicitly nor implicitly releases any
delegation stateids. This is not symmetrical with the OPEN
operation, which can grant both an open and a delegation stateid.
This draft could have tried to extend the CLOSE operation to release
both stateids, but implementation experience shows that is more
costly than the approach which has been proposed.
Consider a small workload of creating a file with content. That
takes 3 synchronous and 1 asynchronous operations with existing
implementations. The first synchronous one has to OPEN the file, the
second synchronous one performs the WRITE to the file, the third
synchronous one has to CLOSE the file, and the fourth asynchronous
one uses DELEGRETURN to return the delegation stateid.
With the proposed approach of setting the
OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_OPEN_XOR_DELEGATION flag during the OPEN,
the number of operations is always 3. The first two compounds are
still synchronous, but the last is asynchronous. I.e., since the
client no longer has to send a CLOSE operation, it can delay the
DELEGRETURN until either the server requests it back via delegation
recall or garbage collection causes the client to return the stateid.
This approach reduces the cost of synchronous operations by 33% and
the total number of operations by 25%. Contrast that against the
alternative proposal of having CLOSE return both stateids, which
would not reduce the number of synchronous operations.
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4. Proxying of Times
When a client is granted a write delegation on a file, it becomes the
authority for the file contents and associated attributes. If the
server queries the client as to the state of the file via a
CB_GETATTR (see Section 20.1 of [RFC8881]), then, according to the
unextended NFSv4 protocol, it can only determine the size of the file
and the change attribute. In the case of the client holding the
delegation, it has the current values of the access and modify times.
There is no way that other clients can have access to these values.
While it is the authority for these values, it has no way to transfer
these values to the server when the delegation is being returned and
the server reclaims its authority with regard to these values.
Similarly, there is no current provision to obtain these values
before delegation return using CB_GETATTR. As a result, it can not
pass these times up to an application expecting POSIX compliance, as
is often necessary for correct operation.
With the addition of the new flag:
OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS, the client and server can
negotiate that the client will be the authority for these values and
upon return of the delegation stateid via a DELEGRETURN (see section
18.6 of [RFC8881]), the times will be passed back to the server. If
the server is queried by another client for either the size or the
times, it will need to use a CB_GETATTR to query the client which
holds the delegation (see Section 20.1 of [RFC8881]).
If a server informs the client via the FATTR4_OPEN_ARGUMENTS
attribute that it supports
OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS and it returns a valid
delegation stateid for an OPEN operation which sets the
OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS flag, then it MUST query the
client via a CB_GETATTR for the FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_ACCESS attribute
and FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_MODIFY attribute. (The change time can be
derived from the modify time.) Further, when it gets a SETATTR (see
Section 18.34 of [RFC8881]) in the same compound as the DELEGRETURN,
then it MUST accept those FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_ACCESS attribute and
FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_MODIFY attribute changes and derive the change time
or reject the changes with NFS4ERR_DELAY.
These new attributes are invalid GETATTR, VERIFY, and NVERIFY and can
only be used in CB_GETATTR and SETATTR by a client holding an
appropriate delegation. The SETATTR SHOULD either be in a separate
compound before the one containing the DELEGRETURN or when in the
same compound, as an operation before the DELEGRETURN. Failure to
properly sequence the operations may lead to race cases.
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A key prerequisite of this approach is that the server and client are
in time synchronization with each other. Note that while the base
NFSv4.2 does not require such synchronization, the use of RPCSEC_GSS
typically makes such a requirement. When the client presents either
FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_ACCESS or FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_MODIFY attributes to
the server, the server MUST decide whether the times presented are
before the old times or past the current time. When the time
presented is before the original time, then the update is ignored.
When the time presented is in the future, the server can either clamp
the new time to the current time, or it may return NFS4ERR_DELAY to
the client, allowing it to retry. Note that if the clock skew is
large, the delay approach would result in access to the file being
denied until such time that the clock skew is exceeded.
A change in the access time MUST NOT advance the change time, also
known as the time_metadata attribute (see Section 5.8.2.42 of
[RFC8881]), but a change in the modify time might advance the change
time (and in turn the change attribute (See Section 5.8.1.4 of
[RFC8881]). If the modify time is greater than the change time and
before the current time, then the change time is adjusted to the
modify time and not the current time (as is most likely done on most
SETATTR calls that change the metadata). If the modify time is in
the future, it will be clamped to the current time.
Note that each of the possible times, access, modify, and change, are
compared to the current time. They should all be compared against
the same time value for the current time. I.e., do not retrieve a
different value of the current time for each calculation.
If the client sets the OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS flag
in an OPEN operation, then it MUST support the
FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_ACCESS and FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_MODIFY attributes both
in the CB_GETATTR and SETATTR operations.
4.1. Use case
Consider a NFSv3 client which wants to access data on a server which
only supports NFSv4.2. An implementation could add a NFSv3 server
which is a NFSv4.2 client gateway the two incompatible systems. As
NFSv3 is a stateless protocol, the state is not kept on the client,
but rather the NFSv3 server. As the NFSv3 server is already managing
the state, it can proxy file delegations to avoid spurious GETATTRs.
I.e., as the client queries the NFSv3 server for the attributes, they
can be served without the NFSv3 server sending a GETATTR to the
NFSv4.2 server.
4.2. XDR for Proxying of Times
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<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// /*
/// * attributes for the delegation times being
/// * cached and served by the "client"
/// */
/// typedef nfstime4 fattr4_time_deleg_access;
/// typedef nfstime4 fattr4_time_deleg_modify;
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// %/*
/// % * New RECOMMENDED Attribute for
/// % * delegation caching of times
/// % */
/// const FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_ACCESS = 84;
/// const FATTR4_TIME_DELEG_MODIFY = 85;
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// const OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS = 0x100000;
///
<CODE ENDS>
5. Determining OPEN Feature Support
[RFC8178] (see Section 4.4.2) allows for extending a particular minor
version of the NFSv4 protocol without requiring the definition of a
new minor version. The client can probe the capabilities of the
server and based on the result, determine if both it and the server
support optional features not previously specified as part of the
minor version.
The fattr4_open_arguments attribute is a new XDR extension which
provides helpful support when the OPEN procedure is extended in such
a fashion. It models all of the parameters via bitmap4 data
structures, which allows for the addition of a new flag to any of the
OPEN arguments (see Section 18.16.1 of [RFC8881]). The scope of this
attribute applies to all objects with a matching fsid.
Two new flags are provided:
* OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_OPEN_XOR_DELEGATION (see Section 3)
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* OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS (see Section 4)
Subsequent extensions can use this framework when introducing new
OPTIONAL functionality to OPEN, by creating a new flags for each
OPTIONAL parameter.
Since fattr4_open_arguments is a RECOMMENDED attribute, if the server
informs the client that it does not support this new attribute, the
client MUST determine that the additional new OPTIONAL functionality
to OPEN is also not supported.
Some other concerns are how to process both currently REQUIRED flags
and OPTIONAL flags which become REQUIRED in the future. The server
MUST mark REQUIRED as being supported. Note that as these flags MUST
only change from OPTIONAL to REQUIRED when the NFSv4 minor version is
incremented.
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// struct open_arguments4 {
/// bitmap4 oa_share_access;
/// bitmap4 oa_share_deny;
/// bitmap4 oa_share_access_want;
/// bitmap4 oa_open_claim;
/// bitmap4 oa_create_mode;
/// };
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// enum open_args_share_access4 {
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_READ = 1,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WRITE = 2,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_BOTH = 3
/// };
///
<CODE ENDS>
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<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// enum open_args_share_deny4 {
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_DENY_NONE = 0,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_DENY_READ = 1,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_DENY_WRITE = 2,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_DENY_BOTH = 3
/// };
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// enum open_args_share_access_want4 {
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_ANY_DELEG = 3,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_NO_DELEG = 4,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_CANCEL = 5,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_SIGNAL_DELEG_WHEN_RESRC_AVAIL
/// = 17,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_PUSH_DELEG_WHEN_UNCONTENDED
/// = 18,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_DELEG_TIMESTAMPS = 20,
/// OPEN_ARGS_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_OPEN_XOR_DELEGATION = 21
/// };
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// enum open_args_open_claim4 {
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_NULL = 0,
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_PREVIOUS = 1,
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_DELEGATE_CUR = 2,
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_DELEGATE_PREV = 3,
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_FH = 4,
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_DELEG_CUR_FH = 5,
/// OPEN_ARGS_OPEN_CLAIM_DELEG_PREV_FH = 6
/// };
///
<CODE ENDS>
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<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// enum open_args_createmode4 {
/// OPEN_ARGS_CREATEMODE_UNCHECKED4 = 0,
/// OPEN_ARGS_CREATE_MODE_GUARDED = 1,
/// OPEN_ARGS_CREATEMODE_EXCLUSIVE4 = 2,
/// OPEN_ARGS_CREATE_MODE_EXCLUSIVE4_1 = 3
/// };
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// typedef open_arguments4 fattr4_open_arguments;
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// %/*
/// % * Determine what OPEN supports.
/// % */
/// const FATTR4_OPEN_ARGUMENTS = 86;
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// const OPEN4_SHARE_ACCESS_WANT_OPEN_XOR_DELEGATION = 0x200000;
///
<CODE ENDS>
<CODE BEGINS>
///
/// const OPEN4_RESULT_NO_OPEN_STATEID = 0x00000010;
///
<CODE ENDS>
6. Extraction of XDR
This document contains the external data representation (XDR)
[RFC4506] description of the new open flags for delegating the file
to the client. The XDR description is embedded in this document in a
way that makes it simple for the reader to extract into a ready-to-
compile form. The reader can feed this document into the following
shell script to produce the machine readable XDR description of the
new flags:
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<CODE BEGINS>
#!/bin/sh
grep '^ *///' $* | sed 's?^ */// ??' | sed 's?^ *///$??'
<CODE ENDS>
That is, if the above script is stored in a file called "extract.sh",
and this document is in a file called "spec.txt", then the reader can
do:
<CODE BEGINS>
sh extract.sh < spec.txt > delstid_prot.x
<CODE ENDS>
The effect of the script is to remove leading white space from each
line, plus a sentinel sequence of "///". XDR descriptions with the
sentinel sequence are embedded throughout the document.
Note that the XDR code contained in this document depends on types
from the NFSv4.2 nfs4_prot.x file (generated from [RFC7863]). This
includes both nfs types that end with a 4, such as offset4, length4,
etc., as well as more generic types such as uint32_t and uint64_t.
While the XDR can be appended to that from [RFC7863], the various
code snippets belong in their respective areas of the that XDR.
6.1. Code Components Licensing Notice
Both the XDR description and the scripts used for extracting the XDR
description are Code Components as described in Section 4 of "Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents" [LEGAL]. These Code
Components are licensed according to the terms of that document.
7. Security Considerations
The features described in this document do not introduce any new
security considerations.
8. IANA Considerations
There are no IANA considerations.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4506] Eisler, M., Ed., "XDR: External Data Representation
Standard", STD 67, RFC 4506, DOI 10.17487/RFC4506, May
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4506>.
[RFC7862] Haynes, T., "Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Minor
Version 2 Protocol", RFC 7862, DOI 10.17487/RFC7862,
November 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7862>.
[RFC7863] Haynes, T., "Network File System (NFS) Version 4 Minor
Version 2 External Data Representation Standard (XDR)
Description", RFC 7863, DOI 10.17487/RFC7863, November
2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7863>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8178] Noveck, D., "Rules for NFSv4 Extensions and Minor
Versions", RFC 8178, DOI 10.17487/RFC8178, July 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8178>.
[RFC8881] Noveck, D., Ed. and C. Lever, "Network File System (NFS)
Version 4 Minor Version 1 Protocol", RFC 8881,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8881, August 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8881>.
9.2. Informative References
[LEGAL] IETF Trust, "Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents",
November 2008, <http://trustee.ietf.org/docs/IETF-Trust-
License-Policy.pdf>.
Appendix A. Acknowledgments
Trond Myklebust and David Flynn all worked on the prototype at
Hammerspace.
Dave Noveck, Chuck Lever, and Rick Macklem provided reviews of the
document.
Authors' Addresses
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Thomas Haynes
Hammerspace
Email: loghyr@hammerspace.com
Trond Myklebust
Hammerspace
Email: trondmy@hammerspace.com
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