Internet DRAFT - draft-ietf-xrblock-independent-burst-gap-discard
draft-ietf-xrblock-independent-burst-gap-discard
Audio/Video Transport Working Group V. Singh
Internet-Draft callstats.io
Intended status: Standards Track C. Perkins
Expires: September 22, 2016 University of Glasgow
A. Clark
Telchemy
R. Huang
Huawei
March 21, 2016
RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Independent
Reporting of Burst/Gap Discard Metric
draft-ietf-xrblock-independent-burst-gap-discard-01
Abstract
This document defines an RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report
(XR) block that allows the reporting of burst and gap discard metrics
independently of the burst and gap loss metrics for use in a range of
RTP applications.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
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This Internet-Draft will expire on September 22, 2016.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
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carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Burst-Gap Discard Metrics Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2. RTCP and RTCP Extended Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3. Performance Metrics Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4. Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. Report Block Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Definition of Fields in Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block . 5
3.3. Derived Metrics Based on the Reported Metrics . . . . . . 7
4. Considerations for Voice-over-IP Applications . . . . . . . . 8
5. SDP Signaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1. SDP rtcp-xr Attribute Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2. Offer/Answer Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1. New RTCP XR Block Type Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.3. Contact Information for Registrations . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix A. Metrics Represented Using the Template from RFC 6390 13
1. Introduction
1.1. Burst-Gap Discard Metrics Block
This document defines a new block type that extends the metrics
defined in [RFC7003]. The new block type reports the proportion of
packets discarded in a burst by the dejitter buffer at the receiver.
The number of packets discarded depends on the dejitter buffer
algorithm implemented by the endpoint.
The new report block defined in this document is different from the
one defined in [RFC7003]. The metrics in [RFC7003] depends on the
metrics in the burst-gap loss metric defined in [RFC6958].
Consequently, an endpoint using [RFC7003] MUST report it along with
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[RFC6958] for it to be useful. The combined usage is useful when an
endpoint observes correlated packet losses and discard. However,
when the burst of packet losses and discards do not occur
simultaneously, the application may prefer a concise report block
that just reports the burst-gap of discarded packets. The report
block in this document provides the complete information and does not
require additional report blocks. That is, this block reports: the
total number of packets discarded, the total burst duration, and the
total number of bursts, all of these metrics are missing in
[RFC7003].
This block provides information on transient network issues. Burst/
gap metrics are typically used in cumulative reports; however, they
may also be used in interval reports (see the Interval Metric flag in
Section 3.2). The variation in the number of packet discards in a
burst affects the user experience. Based on the metrics reported in
the block, the sending endpoint may change the packetization
interval, vary the bitrate, etc. The report may additionally be used
for diagnostics [RFC6792]. The metric belongs to the class of
transport-related end-system metrics defined in [RFC6792].
The definitions of "burst", "gap", "loss", and "discard" are
consistent with the definitions in [RFC3611]. To accommodate a range
of dejitter buffer algorithms and packet discard logic that may be
used by implementors, the method used to distinguish between bursts
and gaps shall use an equivalent method to that defined in
Section 4.7.2 of [RFC3611]. Note that reporting the specific
dejitter buffer algorithm and/or the packet discard logic is out of
the scope of this document.
1.2. RTCP and RTCP Extended Reports
The use of RTCP for reporting is defined in [RFC3550]. [RFC3611]
defined an extensible structure for reporting using an RTCP Extended
Report (XR). This document defines a new Extended Report block for
use with [RFC3550] and [RFC3611].
1.3. Performance Metrics Framework
The Performance Metrics Framework [RFC6390] provides guidance on the
definition and specification of performance metrics. The RTP
Monitoring Framework [RFC6792] provides guidelines for reporting
block format using RTCP XR. The metrics block described in this
document is in accordance with the guidelines in [RFC6390] and
[RFC6792].
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1.4. Applicability
These metrics are applicable to a range of RTP applications that
contain dejitter buffers [RFC5481] at the receiving end to smooth
variation in packet-arrival time and don't use stream repair means,
e.g., Forward Error Correction (FEC)
[I-D.ietf-payload-flexible-fec-scheme] and/or retransmission
[RFC4588].
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
In addition, the following terms are defined:
Received, Lost, and Discarded
A packet shall be regarded as "lost" if it fails to arrive within
an implementation-specific time window. A packet that arrives
within this time window but is too early to be played out, too
late to be played out, or thrown away before playout due to packet
duplication or redundancy shall be regarded as discarded. A
packet shall not be regarded as discarded if it arrives within
this time window but is dropped during decoding by some higher-
layer decoder, e.g., due to a decoding error. A packet shall be
classified as one of received (or OK), discarded, or lost. The
metric "cumulative number of packets lost" defined in [RFC3550]
reports a count of packets lost from the media stream (single
synchronization source (SSRC) within a single RTP session).
Similarly, the metric "number of packets discarded" defined in
[RFC7002] reports a count of packets discarded from the media
stream (single SSRC within a single RTP session) arriving at the
receiver. Another metric, defined in [RFC5725], is available to
report on packets that are not recovered by any repair techniques
that may be in use. Note that the term "discard" defined here
builds on the "discard" definition in [RFC3611] but extends the
concept to take into account packet duplication and reports
different types of discard counts [RFC7002].
Bursts and Gaps
The terms "burst" and "gap" are used in a manner consistent with
that of RTCP XR [RFC3611]. RTCP XR views an RTP stream as being
divided into bursts, which are periods during which the discard
rate is high enough to cause noticeable quality degradation
(generally over 5 percent discard rate), and gaps, which are
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periods during which discarded packets are infrequent and hence
quality is generally acceptable. [RFC3611] RECOMMENDS a Gmin
value of 16.
3. Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block
Metrics in this block report on burst/gap discard in the stream
arriving at the RTP system. Measurements of these metrics are made
at the receiving end of the RTP stream. Instances of this metrics
block use the synchronization source (SSRC) to refer to the separate
auxiliary Measurement Information Block [RFC6776], which describes
measurement periods in use (see [RFC6776], Section 4.2).
This metrics block relies on the measurement period in the
Measurement Information Block indicating the span of the report.
Senders MUST send this block in the same compound RTCP packet as the
Measurement Information Block. Receivers MUST verify that the
measurement period is received in the same compound RTCP packet as
this metrics block. If not, this metrics block MUST be discarded.
3.1. Report Block Structure
The structure of the Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block is as follows.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| BT=IBGD | I | resv | Block Length = 5 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SSRC of Source |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Threshold | Sum of Burst Durations (ms) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Packets Discarded in Bursts | Number of |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Bursts | Total Packets Expected in Bursts |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Discard Count |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Report Block Structure
3.2. Definition of Fields in Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block
Block Type (BT): 8 bits
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A Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block is identified by the constant
IBGD.
[Note to RFC Editor: Please replace IBGD with the IANA provided
RTCP XR block type for this block.]
Interval Metric flag (I): 2 bits
This field is used to indicate whether the burst/gap discard
metrics are Sampled, Interval, or Cumulative metrics [RFC6792]:
I=10: Interval Duration - the reported value applies to the
most recent measurement interval duration between successive
metrics reports.
I=11: Cumulative Duration - the reported value applies to the
accumulation period characteristic of cumulative measurements.
I=01: Sampled Value - the reported value is a sampled
instantaneous value.
In this document, burst/gap discard metrics can only be measured
over definite intervals and cannot be sampled. Also, the value
I=00 is reserved for future use. Senders MUST NOT use the values
I=00 or I=01. If a block is received with I=00 or I=01, the
receiver MUST discard the block.
Reserved (resv): 6 bits
These bits are reserved. They MUST be set to zero by senders and
ignored by receivers (see [RFC6709], Section 4.2).
block length: 16 bits
The length of this report block in 32-bit words, minus one. For
the Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block, the block length is equal to
5. The block MUST be discarded if the block length is set to a
different value.
SSRC of Source: 32 bits
As defined in Section 4.1 of [RFC3611].
Threshold: 8 bits
The Threshold is equivalent to Gmin in [RFC3611], i.e., the number
of successive packets that must not be discarded prior to and
following a discard packet in order for this discarded packet to
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be regarded as part of a gap. Note that the Threshold is set in
accordance with the Gmin calculation defined in Section 4.7.2 of
[RFC3611].
Sum of Burst Durations (ms): 24 bits
The total duration of bursts of discarded packets in the period of
the report (Interval or Cumulative).
The measured value is an unsigned value. If the measured value
exceeds 0xFFFFFD, the value 0xFFFFFE MUST be reported to indicate
an over-range measurement. If the measurement is unavailable, the
value 0xFFFFFF MUST be reported.
Packets Discarded in Bursts: 24 bits
The total number of packets discarded during discard bursts, as
defined in Section 3.2 of [RFC7002].
Number of Bursts: 16 bits
The number of discard bursts in the period of the report (Interval
or Cumulative).
The measured value is an unsigned value. If the measured value
exceeds 0xFFFD, the value 0xFFFE MUST be reported to indicate an
over-range measurement. If the measurement is unavailable, the
value 0xFFFF MUST be reported.
Total Packets Expected in Bursts: 24 bits
The total number of packets expected during the discard bursts
(that is, the sum of received packets and lost packets). The
metric is defined in [RFC7003].
Discard Count: 32 bits
Number of packets discarded over the period (Interval or
Cumulative) covered by this report, as defined in Section 3.2 of
[RFC7002].
3.3. Derived Metrics Based on the Reported Metrics
The metrics described here are intended to be used in conjunction
with information from the Measurement Information Block [RFC6776].
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These metrics provide the following information relevant to
statistical parameters (depending on cumulative of interval
measures), for example:
o The average discarded burst size, which can be calculated by
dividing the metric "Packets Discarded in Bursts" by the "Number
of Bursts".
o The average burst duration, which can be calculated by dividing
the metric "Sum of Burst Durations (ms)" by the "Number of
bursts".
4. Considerations for Voice-over-IP Applications
This metrics block is applicable to a broad range of RTP
applications. Where the metric is used with a Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
application and the stream repair means is not available, the
following considerations apply.
RTCP XR views a call as being divided into bursts, which are periods
during which the discard rate is high enough to cause noticeable call
quality degradation (generally over 5 percent discard rate) and gaps,
which are periods during which discarded packets are infrequent and
hence call quality is generally acceptable.
If voice activity detection is used, the burst and gap duration shall
be determined as if silence packets had been sent, i.e., a period of
silence in excess of Gmin packets will terminate a burst condition.
The recommended value for the threshold Gmin in [RFC3611] results in
a burst being a period of time during which the call quality is
degraded to a similar extent to a typical pulse code modulation (PCM)
severely errored second.
5. SDP Signaling
[RFC3611] defines the use of SDP (Session Description Protocol)
[RFC4566] for signaling the use of XR blocks. XR blocks MAY be used
without prior signaling.
5.1. SDP rtcp-xr Attribute Extension
This section augments the SDP [RFC4566] attribute "rtcp-xr" defined
in [RFC3611] by providing an additional value of "xr-format" to
signal the use of the report block defined in this document. The
ABNF [RFC5234] syntax is as follows.
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xr-format =/ xr-ind-bgd-block
xr-ind-bgd-block = "ind-burst-gap-discard"
5.2. Offer/Answer Usage
When SDP is used in Offer/Answer context, the SDP Offer/Answer usage
defined in [RFC3611] for unilateral "rtcp-xr" attribute parameters
applies. For detailed usage in Offer/Answer for unilateral
parameters, refer to Section 5.2 of [RFC3611].
6. IANA Considerations
New block types for RTCP XR are subject to IANA registration. For
general guidelines on IANA considerations for RTCP XR, refer to
[RFC3611].
6.1. New RTCP XR Block Type Value
This document assigns the block type value IBGD in the IANA "RTP
Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Block Type Registry" to
the "Burst/Gap Discard Metrics Block".
[Note to RFC Editor: Please replace IBGD with the IANA provided RTCP
XR block type for this block.]
6.2. New RTCP XR SDP Parameter
This document also registers a new parameter "ind-burst-gap-discard"
in the "RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR) Session
Description Protocol (SDP) Parameters Registry".
6.3. Contact Information for Registrations
The contact information for the registrations is:
ART Area Directors <art-ads@tools.ietf.org>
7. Security Considerations
It is believed that this RTCP XR block introduces no new security
considerations beyond those described in [RFC3611]. This block does
not provide per-packet statistics, so the risk to confidentiality
documented in Section 7, paragraph 3 of [RFC3611] does not apply.
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8. Contributors
Qin Wu, Rachel Huang, and Alan Clark wrote RFC7003, which this
document extends.
9. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Paul Kyzivat, Jan Novak, Dan
Romascanu for providing valuable feedback on earlier versions of this
draft.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/
RFC2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, DOI 10.17487/RFC3550,
July 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3550>.
[RFC3611] Friedman, T., Ed., Caceres, R., Ed., and A. Clark, Ed.,
"RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR)", RFC
3611, DOI 10.17487/RFC3611, November 2003,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3611>.
[RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", RFC 4566, DOI 10.17487/RFC4566,
July 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4566>.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234, DOI 10.17487/
RFC5234, January 2008,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.
[RFC5725] Begen, A., Hsu, D., and M. Lague, "Post-Repair Loss RLE
Report Block Type for RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended
Reports (XRs)", RFC 5725, DOI 10.17487/RFC5725, February
2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5725>.
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[RFC6776] Clark, A. and Q. Wu, "Measurement Identity and Information
Reporting Using a Source Description (SDES) Item and an
RTCP Extended Report (XR) Block", RFC 6776, DOI 10.17487/
RFC6776, October 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6776>.
[RFC7003] Clark, A., Huang, R., and Q. Wu, Ed., "RTP Control
Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Burst/Gap
Discard Metric Reporting", RFC 7003, DOI 10.17487/RFC7003,
September 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7003>.
10.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-payload-flexible-fec-scheme]
Singh, V., Begen, A., Zanaty, M., and G. Mandyam, "RTP
Payload Format for Flexible Forward Error Correction
(FEC)", draft-ietf-payload-flexible-fec-scheme-01 (work in
progress), October 2015.
[RFC4588] Rey, J., Leon, D., Miyazaki, A., Varsa, V., and R.
Hakenberg, "RTP Retransmission Payload Format", RFC 4588,
DOI 10.17487/RFC4588, July 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4588>.
[RFC5481] Morton, A. and B. Claise, "Packet Delay Variation
Applicability Statement", RFC 5481, DOI 10.17487/RFC5481,
March 2009, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5481>.
[RFC6390] Clark, A. and B. Claise, "Guidelines for Considering New
Performance Metric Development", BCP 170, RFC 6390, DOI
10.17487/RFC6390, October 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6390>.
[RFC6709] Carpenter, B., Aboba, B., Ed., and S. Cheshire, "Design
Considerations for Protocol Extensions", RFC 6709, DOI
10.17487/RFC6709, September 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6709>.
[RFC6792] Wu, Q., Ed., Hunt, G., and P. Arden, "Guidelines for Use
of the RTP Monitoring Framework", RFC 6792, DOI 10.17487/
RFC6792, November 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6792>.
[RFC6958] Clark, A., Zhang, S., Zhao, J., and Q. Wu, Ed., "RTP
Control Protocol (RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for
Burst/Gap Loss Metric Reporting", RFC 6958, DOI 10.17487/
RFC6958, May 2013,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6958>.
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[RFC7002] Clark, A., Zorn, G., and Q. Wu, "RTP Control Protocol
(RTCP) Extended Report (XR) Block for Discard Count Metric
Reporting", RFC 7002, DOI 10.17487/RFC7002, September
2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7002>.
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Appendix A. Metrics Represented Using the Template from RFC 6390
a. Threshold Metric
* Defined in Appendix A.a of [RFC7003].
b. Sum of burst durations (ms)
* Metric Name: Sum of Burst Durations with Discarded RTP
Packets.
* Metric Description: The total duration of bursts of discarded
RTP packets in the period of the report.
* Method of Measurement or Calculation: See Section 3.1, Sum of
Burst Durations definition.
* Units of Measurement: See Section 3.1, Sum of Burst Durations
definition.
* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: See
Section 3, 1st paragraph.
* Measurement Timing: See Section 3, 2nd paragraph for
measurement timing and Section 3.1 for Interval Metric flag.
* Use and Applications: See Section 1.4.
* Reporting Model: See RFC 3611.
c. Packets Discarded in Bursts Metric
* Defined in Appendix A.b of [RFC7003].
d. Number of bursts
* Metric Name: Number of discard bursts in RTP.
* Metric Description: The total number of bursts with discarded
RTP packets in the period of the report.
* Method of Measurement or Calculation: See Section 3.1, Number
of discard bursts definition.
* Units of Measurement: See Section 3.1 for the Number of bursts
definition.
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* Measurement Point(s) with Potential Measurement Domain: See
Section 3, 1st paragraph.
* Measurement Timing: See Section 3, 2nd paragraph for
measurement timing and Section 3.1 for Interval Metric flag.
* Use and Applications: See Section 1.4.
* Reporting Model: See RFC 3611.
e. Total Packets Expected in Bursts Metric
* Defined in Appendix A.c of [RFC7003].
f. Discard Count
* Defined in Appendix A.a of [RFC7002].
Authors' Addresses
Varun Singh
Nemu Dialogue Systems Oy
Runeberginkatu 4c A 4
Helsinki 00100
Finland
EMail: varun.singh@iki.fi
URI: http://www.callstats.io/
Colin Perkins
University of Glasgow
School of Computing Science
Glasgow G12 8QQ
United Kingdom
EMail: csp@csperkins.org
Alan Clark
Telchemy Incorporated
2905 Premiere Parkway, Suite 280
Duluth, GA 30097
USA
EMail: alan.d.clark@telchemy.com
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Rachel Huang
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
EMail: Rachel@huawei.com
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