Internet DRAFT - draft-iplir-protocol
draft-iplir-protocol
Network Working Group A. Davletshina, Ed.
Internet-Draft A. Urivskiy
Intended status: Informational A. Rybkin
Expires: 1 April 2024 L. Tychina
I. Parshin
InfoTeCS
29 September 2023
IPlir network layer security protocol
draft-iplir-protocol-04
Abstract
This document specifies the IPlir network layer security protocol.
It describes how to provide a set of security services for traffic
over public and corporate networks using the TCP/IP stack.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 1 April 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Conventions Used in This Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Notations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4. System overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1. IPlir packet format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2. IPlir message format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2.1. Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.2. CS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.3. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.4. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.5. ExtID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.6. ExtSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.7. DAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.8. R1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.9. KN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.10. TKN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.11. Timestamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.12. SourceIdentifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.13. DestinationIdentifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.14. SequenceNumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2.15. InitValue (IV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.16. Tuples (Type, Length, Value) . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.16.1. Pair of IPv4 addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.16.2. Pair of IPv6 addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.17. PayloadData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.18. Staffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.19. SL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.20. Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2.21. TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.22. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.23. R2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.24. NextHeader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.25. IntegrityCheckValue (ICV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.26. TransitIdentifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.27. TransitInitValue (TIV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.28. TransitIntegrityCheckValue (TICV) . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3. IPlir packet structure and IPlir header location . . . . 14
4.3.1. Transport mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3.2. Light tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.3.3. Tunnel mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.1. Encryption and MAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2. Cryptographic keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.3. Cryptographic suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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5.3.1. MAGMA-MGM cryptographic suite: CS = 1 . . . . . . . . 21
5.3.1.1. Exchange keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3.1.2. Requirements for initialization values . . . . . 22
5.3.1.3. Key derivation algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.3.1.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.3.2. KUZN-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS=2 . . . . . . . 28
5.3.2.1. Exchange keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.2.2. Requirements for initialization values . . . . . 29
5.3.2.3. Key derivation algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.3.2.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.3.3. AES-128-GCM cryptographic suite: CS = 129 . . . . . . 34
5.3.3.1. Exchange keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.3.3.2. Requirements for initialization values . . . . . 35
5.3.3.3. Key derivation algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.3.3.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.3.4. AES-256-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS = 132 . . . 41
5.3.4.1. Exchange keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.3.4.2. Requirements for initialization values . . . . . 41
5.3.4.3. Key derivation algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.3.4.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.3.5. AES-256-CFB-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS = 134 . . . 47
5.3.5.1. Exchange keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.5.2. Requirements for initialization values . . . . . 48
5.3.5.3. Key derivation algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.5.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms . . . . . . . . . . 50
6. IPlir packet processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.1. IP and IPlir packet fragmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.2. Original IP packet protection by the source host . . . . 54
6.3. IPlir packet processing on the transit host . . . . . . . 55
6.4. Original IP packet recovery by the destination host . . . 56
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
1. Introduction
1.1. Scope
The IPlir protocol may be used to protect IP packets during their
transmission via communication channels. IP packet protection means
ensuring data integrity and authenticity of the data source of the
packets. For this purpose, when IPlir is applied, encapsulation of
original IP packets, calculation of message authentication codes for
the encapsulated packets and service information are used. IP packet
protection also means option of ensuring their confidentiality and
uses packet encryption for this purpose. In addition, the IPlir
protocol allows for protection against replay attacks based on the
use of counter values and/or timestamps.
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The IPlir protocol can be used to create Virtual Private Networks at
the network layer of the basic ISO OSI reference model. Data is
protected during transfer of IP packets between any two hosts
supporting the IPlir protocol, including options of data exchange
between two end hosts, an end host and a security gateway, and two
security gateways. All protection mechanisms are implemented without
establishing a connection (in terms of network) between the two
interacting hosts.
This document is not a Security Architecture for the Internet; it
addresses security only at the network layer, provided through the
use of a combination of cryptographic and protocol security
mechanisms.
This document does not have IETF consensus and does not imply IETF
support for IPlir.
1.2. Audience
The target audience for this document is primarily individuals who
implement this network layer security technology or who architect
systems that will use this technology. Technically adept users of
this technology (end users or system administrators) also are part of
the target audience.
This document assumes that the reader is familiar with the Internet
Protocol (IP), related networking technology, and general information
system security terms and concepts.
2. Conventions Used in This Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. Notations
The following notations are used in this document:
LSB_s(x): truncation of binary string x with a length of m, m >=
s, to a binary string with a length of s according to the
following rule: LSB_s(x_{m-1} || ... || x_1 || x_0) = x_{s-1} ||
... || x_1 || x_0, x_i \in V_1, i = 0,1,…,m-1.
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IntToVec_s(x): representation of the ring element x \in Z_{2^s} as
a binary string with a length of s: for x = x_0 + 2 * x_1 + ... +
2^{s-1} * x_{s-1}, where x_i \in V_1, i = 0,1,…,s-1, the following
equation is true: IntToVec_s(x) = x_{s-1} || ... || x_1 || x_0.
CharToByte('c'): representation of the 'c' symbol as a binary
string of length 8 calculated according to the following rule:
CharToByte('c') = 0 || IntToVec_7(ASCII('c')), where ASCII('c')
\in Z_{2^7} is the ASCII representation of the 'c' symbol.
StrToVec_s('string'): representation of the string of symbols
'string' = 'c_{m-1}c_{m-2}...c_0' consisting of m symbols as a
binary string with a length of s, s >= 8*m according to the
following rule: StrToVec_s('c_{m-1}c_{m-2}...c_0') = 0^{s-8*m} ||
CharToByte('c_{m-1}') || CharToByte('c_{m-2}') || ... ||
CharToByte('c_0').
4. System overview
4.1. IPlir packet format
An IPlir packet is an IP packet protected by IPlir. Its format is
shown in Figure 1.
+------------+------------+--------------------+
| IP header | UDP header | IPlir message |
+------------+------------+--------------------+
Figure 1: IPlir packet structure
The IP header is the header of a standard IP packet.
The UDP header is a standard UDP header only existing when additional
encapsulation of the IPlir message in a UDP message is used.
The IPlir message is the main part of the IPlir packet that includes
protected data from the original IP packet and plaintext data
required for the IPlir message processing.
4.2. IPlir message format
The IPlir message contains:
* IPlir header containing plaintext information related to
encapsulation and protection of the original IP packet;
* IPlir body containing information the encryption of which is
optional;
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* IPlir trailer containing MACs, the transit host (the host
implementing the function of routing IPlir packets) identifier,
and the transit initialization value.
The IPlir message structure is shown in Figure 2.
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+---+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
+---+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Bit|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0|
+---+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| | | | | |E|E| | | | |
| I | | | | |x|x|D| | | |
| P | Version | CS |T|D|t|t|A| R1 | KN | TKN |
| l | | | | |I|S|R| | | |
| i | | | | |D|N| | | | |
| r +---------------+---------------+-+-+-+-+-+-----+-------+-------+
| | Timestamp |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+
| h | SourceIdentifier |
| e +---------------------------------------------------------------+
| a | DestinationIdentifier |
| d +---------------------------------------------------------------+
| e | SequenceNumber |
| r +---------------------------------------------------------------+
| | InitValue (IV) |
+---+---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| | Type_1 | Length_1 | Value_1 (Length_1 bytes) |
| +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| I | ... |
| P +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| l | Type_n | Length_n | Value_n (Length_n bytes) |
| i +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------+
| r | PayloadData |
| +---------------------------------------------------------------+
| b | Staffing |
| o | +---------------+---+-+-+-------+---------------+
| d | | | M |T| | | |
| y | | SL | o |L|S| R2 | NextHeader |
| | | | d |V| | | |
| | | | e | | | | |
+---+---------------+---------------+---+-+-+-------+---------------+
| t| IntegrityCheckValue (ICV) |
|I r+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|P a| TransitIdentifier |
|l i+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|i l| TransitInitValue (TIV) |
|r e+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| r| TransitIntegrityCheckValue (TICV) |
+---+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 2: IPlir message structure
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The IPlir message fields have a big-endian order of bytes. The
numbering is left-to-right, the high bytes have lower numbers.
Numbering of bits inside bytes is right-to-left, the high bits have
higher numbers.
4.2.1. Version
IPlir header version. This document describes the IPlir header of
Version = 1. The field length is 8 bit.
4.2.2. CS
Cryptographic suite identifier determining the contents of
cryptographic mechanisms and their parameters used to create the
IPlir packet. The field length is 8 bit.
4.2.3. T
The transit MAC flag. If T = 1, the IPlir trailer contains fields
TransitIdentifier, TransitIntegrityCheckValue and TransitInitValue,
otherwise the fields are absent. T field has to be set to 0 when
calculating and checking the end-to-end MAC (ICV). The field length
is 1 bit.
4.2.4. D
The DestinationIdentifier field flag. If D = 1, the header contains
the DestinationIdentifier field, otherwise the field is absent. The
destination host identifier is required for routing of IPlir packets.
The field length is 1 bit.
4.2.5. ExtID
The extended network host identifiers flag. If ExtID = 0, the
SourceIdentifier field and, if available, DestinationIdentifier and
TransitIdentifier fields are 32 bits long. If ExtID = 1, all these
network host identifiers are 64 bits long. The field length is 1
bit.
4.2.6. ExtSN
The packet extended sequence number flag. If ExtSN=0, the
SequenceNumber field is 32 bits long. If ExtSN = 1, the
SequenceNumber field is 64 bits long. The field length is 1 bit.
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4.2.7. DAR
The flag of disabling the anti-replay mechanism. The use of the flag
is regulated by security policies. The field length is 1 bit.
4.2.8. R1
The field reserved for future use. When IPlir header is generated,
the field must contain all zeros. The receiving end must not analyze
the field content. The field length is 3 bits.
4.2.9. KN
The number of the exchange key used to encrypt and calculate the end-
to-end MAC. The field length is 4 bits.
4.2.10. TKN
The number of the exchange key used to calculate the transit MAC. If
the transit MAC is not used, i.e., T = 0, the field value should be
0. When calculating and checking the end-to-end MAC (ICV), the TKN
field must be filled with zeros. The field length is 4 bits.
4.2.11. Timestamp
Packet send time. The field contains the send time value based on
the astronomical clock of the source host in the POSIX time format
less 0x40000000 seconds. The estimated overflow time is the year
2140. The field length is 32 bits.
4.2.12. SourceIdentifier
The source host identifier used by the destination host to identify
the IPlir packet source and the related context of the source host
for packet processing. The field length is 32 bits with ExtID = 0,
or 64 bits with ExtID = 1.
4.2.13. DestinationIdentifier
The destination host identifier required for routing of IPlir
packets. The field is available, if D = 0. The field length is 32
bits with ExtID = 0, or 64 bits with ExtID = 1.
4.2.14. SequenceNumber
The packet sequence number; an unsigned integer. The field length is
32 bits with ExtSN = 0, or 64 bits with ExtSN = 1.
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4.2.15. InitValue (IV)
An end-to-end initialization value that can be used to execute
encryption operations and calculate an end-to-end MAC, as well as to
derive keys for these operations. The field length is determined by
the used cryptographic suite.
4.2.16. Tuples (Type, Length, Value)
Tuples (Type, Length, Value) enable transmission of additional
information within the IPlir message. The Type field contains the
type of the value in the Value field. The Type field length is 8
bit. The Length field contains the byte length of the Value field.
The Length field length is 8 bit. The Value field contains a data of
the Type field type. The Value field length of any tuple should be
divisible by 8 bits and be less than 255 bytes.
Permissible Type field values for the tuples are provided in Table 1.
+============+==========================================+
| Type value | Description |
+============+==========================================+
| 0 | the last tuple in the IPlir message; can |
| | be used by the vendor for its own needs |
+------------+------------------------------------------+
| 1 | a pair of IPv4 addresses |
+------------+------------------------------------------+
| 2 | a pair of IPv6 addresses |
+------------+------------------------------------------+
| 3-128 | not in use |
+------------+------------------------------------------+
| 129-254 | can be used by the vendor for its own |
| | needs |
+------------+------------------------------------------+
| 255 | not in use |
+------------+------------------------------------------+
Table 1: Type Field Values for Tuples
The last tuple in the message always has type 0. The length of this
tuple should be chosen so as to ensure effective IPlir message
processing.
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4.2.16.1. Pair of IPv4 addresses
The Value field of the tuple of this type contains a pair of IPv4
addresses. The source address comes first, followed by the
destination address. The addresses are transmitted in the big-endian
order of bytes.
The main function of the tuple of this type is to preserve the IPv4
addresses from the original IP packet in the light tunnel mode.
The tuple structure is shown in Figure 3.
+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
|Bytes | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| | | |Source IPv4 | |
| | Type = 1 | Length = 8 |address, byte | ... |
| | | |No.1 (high) | |
| +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| TLV | |Source IPv4 |Destination | |
| | ... |address, byte |IPv4 address, | ... |
| area | |No.4 (low) |byte No.1 | |
| | | |(high) | |
| +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| | |Destination | | |
| | ... |IPv4 address, | Not in use | Not in use |
| | |byte No.4 | | |
| | |(low) | | |
+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
Figure 3: Type = 1 Tuple Structure
Note: Bytes labeled “not in use” contain information related to the
following tuple.
4.2.16.2. Pair of IPv6 addresses
The Value field of the tuple of this type contains a pair of IPv6
addresses. The source address comes first, followed by the
destination address. The addresses are transmitted in the big-endian
order of bytes.
The main function of the tuple of this type is to preserve the IPv6
addresses from the original IP packet in the light tunnel mode.
The tuple structure is shown in Figure 4.
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+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
|Bytes | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| | | |Source IPv6 | |
| | Type = 2 | Length = 32 |address, byte | ... |
| | | |No.1 (high) | |
| +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| | ... |
| +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| TLV | |Source IPv6 |Destination | |
| | ... |address, byte |IPv6 address, | ... |
| area | |No.16 (low) |byte No.1 | |
| | | |(high) | |
| +--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| | |Destination | | |
| | ... |IPv6 address, | Not in use | Not in use |
| | |byte No.16 | | |
| | |(low) | | |
+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
Figure 4: Type = 2 Tuple Structure
Note: Bytes labeled “not in use” contain information related to the
following tuple.
4.2.17. PayloadData
A variable-length field containing the original IP packet or its
part, depending on the IPlir operation mode.
4.2.18. Staffing
A (network) filler to make the length of the IPlir message more
suitable for efficient processing. The Staffing field contains a
sequence of integers in a binary form: the first byte contains 1, the
second one contains 2, etc. The field length is determined by the SL
field value, if SL is absent (S = 0) or has the value 0, there is no
Staffing field.
4.2.19. SL
The number of bytes in the Staffing field. The field is available,
if S = 1. The field length is 8 bit.
4.2.20. Mode
The mode in which the IPlir packet was generated in. The field
length is 2 bits.
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4.2.21. TLV
Type, Length and Value fields flag. If TLV = 1, the IPlir body
begins with tuples (Type, Length, Value), otherwise there are no
tuples. The field length is 1 bit.
4.2.22. S
The SL field flag. If S = 1, the IPlir body contains the SL field,
otherwise this field is absent. The field length is 1 bit.
4.2.23. R2
The field reserved for future use. When an IPlir message is
generated, the field must contain all zeros. The receiving end must
not analyze the field content. The field length is 4 bits.
4.2.24. NextHeader
The original IP packet protocol number. The field length is 8 bit.
4.2.25. IntegrityCheckValue (ICV)
An end-to-end MAC calculated for the data from the IPlir message
start to the NextHeader field inclusive. The field length is
determined by the used cryptographic suite.
4.2.26. TransitIdentifier
The identifier of the transit host that routed the IPlir packet last.
Each transit host updates the field value with its identifier. The
field is available, if T = 1. The field length is 32 bits with ExtID
= 0, or 64 bits with ExtID = 1.
4.2.27. TransitInitValue (TIV)
The transit initialization value used to calculate a transit MAC and
derive keys for this operation. The field is available, if T = 1.
The field length is determined by the used cryptographic suite.
4.2.28. TransitIntegrityCheckValue (TICV)
A transit MAC calculated for the data from the IPlir message start to
the TransitInitValue field inclusive. The field is available, if T =
1. The field length is determined by the used cryptographic suite.
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4.3. IPlir packet structure and IPlir header location
The IPlir protocol can operate in three modes: transport, tunnel, and
light tunnel. The transport and light tunnel modes ensure protection
of the data generated by protocols above the IP level in the basic
ISO OSI reference model, in particular, by the transport layer. The
tunnel mode ensures protection of the entire original IP packet.
The receiving end determines based on the value of the Mode field in
what mode the packet was sent. Possible field values are shown in
Table 2.
+==================+===========================+
| Mode field value | Mode description |
+==================+===========================+
| 0 | transport mode |
+------------------+---------------------------+
| 1 | light tunnel mode |
+------------------+---------------------------+
| 2 | tunnel mode |
+------------------+---------------------------+
| 3 | reserved for future needs |
+------------------+---------------------------+
Table 2: Mode Field Values
4.3.1. Transport mode
In the transport mode, the IPlir header and (Type, Length, Value)-
tuples follow the IP header and precede the header of the next layer
(e.g., TCP, UDP, ICMP, etc.). For IPv4 it means that the IPlir
header is located after the IP header, including all options in the
original IP packet, but before the header of the next level protocol.
For IPv6 the IPlir header is addressed to the destination endpoint.
Therefore, it should be placed after the Hop-by-hop, Routing, and
Fragmentation extension headers. The Destination Options extension
headers can be located before, after, or on both sides of the IPlir
header, depending on the required semantics. However, since the
IPlir protocol can ensure privacy of only the fields following the
IPlir header, the destination options should follow the IPlir header.
Figure 5 shows an example of IP packet protection using the IPlir in
the transport mode.
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+-------------------------+ +--------------------------+
| Original IP packet | | IPlir packet |
| +-------------------+ | | +--------------------+ |
| | IP header |---------->| IP header | |
| +-------------------+ | | +--------------------+ |
| | IP packet data |-----+ | | IPlir header | |
| +-------------------+ | | | +--------------------+ |
+-------------------------+ | | | IPlir body | |
| | | +----------------+ | |
+------>| IP packet data | | |
| | +----------------+ | |
| +--------------------+ |
| | IPlir trailer | |
| +--------------------+ |
+--------------------------+
Figure 5: IP Packet Protection Using IPlir in the Transport Mode
4.3.2. Light tunnel
Location of the IPlir header and (Type, Length, Value)-tuples in the
light tunnel mode is the same as in the transport mode. An exception
is that the set of tuples in the IPlir body must include a type 1
tuple (two IPv4 addresses) or a type 2 tuple (two IPv6 addresses),
wherein the source and destination addresses are specified from the
IP header of the original IP packet. The tuple type is defined by
the version of the IP header of the original IP packet.
The destination host can restore the initial IP addresses from the
available tuple Value field.
Unlike the transport mode, the light tunnel mode makes it possible to
change addresses in the IPlir packet IP header.
Figure 6 shows an example of IP packet protection using the IPlir in
the light tunnel mode.
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+--------------------------+ +------------------------------+
| Original IP packet | | IPlir packet |
| +--------------------+ | | +------------------------+ |
| | IP header | | | | IP header | |
| | +----------------+ | | | | +--------------------+ | |
| | | Source IP | | | | | | Source IP | | |
| | +----------------+ |---------->| +--------------------+-------+
| | | Destination IP | | | | | | Destination IP | | | |
| | +----------------+ | | | | +--------------------+ | | |
| +--------------------+ | | +------------------------+ | |
| | IP packet data |-----+ | | IPlir header | | |
| +--------------------+ | | | +------------------------+ | |
+--------------------------+ | | | IPlir body | | |
| | | +--------------------+ | | |
| | | | TLV | | | |
| | | | +----------------+ | | | |
| | | | | Source IP | | | | |
| | | | +----------------+<--------+
| | | | | Destination IP | | | |
| | | | +----------------+ | | |
| | | +--------------------+ | |
+------>| IP packet data | | |
| | +--------------------+ | |
| +------------------------+ |
| | IPlir trailer | |
| +------------------------+ |
+------------------------------+
Figure 6: IP Packet Protection Using IPlir in the Light Tunnel Mode
4.3.3. Tunnel mode
Unlike the other modes, the tunnel mode protects the entire original
IP packet, including its IP header.
In the tunnel mode, a new IP header is generated with its contents
based on the destination host context and the source host IP routing
table, followed by the IPlir header and tuples (Type, Length, Value).
This is followed by the original IP packet.
Versions of the source and new IP headers can be different. It means
that IPv6 packets can be transmitted via the IPv4 protocol and vice
versa.
Figure 7 shows an example of IP packet protection using the IPlir in
the tunnel mode.
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+-------------------------+ +--------------------------+
| Original IP packet | | IPlir packet |
| +-------------------+ | | +--------------------+ |
| | IP header |-------+ | | IP header | |
| +-------------------+ | | | +--------------------+ |
| | IP packet data |----+ | | | IPlir header | |
| +-------------------+ | | | | +--------------------+ |
+-------------------------+ | | | | IPlir body | |
| | | | +----------------+ | |
| +----->| IP header | | |
| | | +----------------+ | |
+-------->| IP packet data | | |
| | +----------------+ | |
| +--------------------+ |
| | IPlir trailer | |
| +--------------------+ |
+--------------------------+
Figure 7: IP Packet Protection Using IPlir in the Tunnel Mode
5. Security Considerations
5.1. Encryption and MAC
To ensure the confidentiality of the packet, the IPlir protocol is
possible to encrypt it using a symmetric cryptographic algorithm.
Packet encryption in IPlir is recommended, but not required.
Encryption can be disabled by selecting a separate cryptographic
suite clearly indicating that there is no encryption. In case of
encryption, it is applied between the source and destination hosts
regardless of the transfer network topology and existence of transit
hosts.
To ensure packet integrity and authenticity of the data source, the
IPlir protocol allows for MAC which can be end-to-end and transit.
End-to-end MAC is applied between the source and destination hosts.
It is mandatory. Transit MAC is applied between two neighbor hosts
in a packet transfer chain. It is optional.
To ensure confidentiality, packet integrity and authenticity of the
data source, either separate encryption and MAC algorithms or AEAD
algorithms to encrypt and calculate MAC simultaneously can be used.
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5.2. Cryptographic keys
It is implied that there is a key system that provides the
interacting hosts with necessary exchange keys and controls their
synchronization. Exchange key is a key known only to the specified
pair of hosts used to derive keys. Keys can be managed manually or
automatically.
The exchange keys required to process a specific packet with all
their mandatory attributes (meta data) must be available when packet
processing starts.
The packet encryption keys, end-to-end MAC keys and transit MAC keys
are derived from the exchange key to protect each IP packet. Each
exchange key related to the specific pair of hosts is indexed with
the corresponding pair of their identifiers. It is possible to use
key systems in which several exchange keys exist (up to 16)
simultaneously for two hosts. To make it possible, each exchange key
in the IPlir protocol is additionally indexed with an integer value
between 0 and 15 (inclusive) located in the KN or TKN field of the
IPlir message and allowing to unambiguously determine the exchange
key for the two hosts.
The peculiarity of IPlir is that unique packet encryption, end-to-end
MAC and transit MAC keys used in the corresponding cryptographic
algorithms are derived for each IP packet based on the exchange keys.
The packet encryption, end-to-end MAC, and transit MAC keys derived
for the same IP packet should be different, except when AEAD
algorithms are used, where one packet encryption and end-to-end MAC
key is used for encryption and end-to-end MAC of the packet.
The exchange key used to derive packet encryption and end-to-end MAC
keys (or packet encryption and end-to-end MAC key) is determined by
the KN field value of the IPlir message and identifiers of the source
and destination hosts. The exchange key used to derive the packet
transit MAC key is determined by the TKN field value of the IPlir
message and identifiers of the interacting (transit) hosts.
Exchange key types and methods to derive packet protection keys from
them are determined by the cryptographic suite.
For any unique key used in the IPlir protocol at any time it should
be impossible to calculate it from the other keys, except for
calculation of derived keys for packet protection from a specific
exchange key.
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The maximum quantity of material that can be processed using the same
key should be determined considering theoretical limits arising from
the use of particular cryptographic algorithms and practical limits
arising during IPlir implementation.
The maximum number of keys (packet encryption, end-to-end MAC,
transit MAC keys or packet encryption and end-to-end MAC keys)
derived from one exchange key should be determined considering
theoretical limits arising from the use of particular cryptographic
algorithms and practical limitations arising during IPlir
implementation.
When the allowed limit for a specific key is reached, the interacting
parties should stop using it. For protection of further
interactions, the parties should use a key for which the allowed
limit has not been achieved, e.g., a new key.
5.3. Cryptographic suites
The cryptographic algorithms and parameters used in the IPlir
protocol make up a cryptographic suite designated by its CS number in
the CS field of each IPlir message. There can be up to 256 different
cryptographic suites in total.
Permissible CS field values are provided in Table 3:
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+==========+=============================================+
| CS value | Description |
+==========+=============================================+
| 0 | not in use |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 1 | MAGMA-MGM cryptographic suite |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 2 | KUZN-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 3-128 | not in use |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 129 | AES-128-GCM cryptographic suite |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 130-131 | can be used by the vendor for its own needs |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 132 | AES-256-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 133 | can be used by the vendor for its own needs |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 134 | AES-256-CFB-CMAC cryptographic suite |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 135-254 | can be used by the vendor for its own needs |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
| 255 | Not in use |
+----------+---------------------------------------------+
Table 3: Permissible CS Field Values
The list of main mechanisms and parameters specified in the
cryptographic suite is shown in Table 4:
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+===========+================+=====================================+
| Parameter | Description | Purpose |
+===========+================+=====================================+
| EncAlg | encryption | the algorithm is used to encrypt |
| | algorithm | the packet |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| MACAlg | end-to-end MAC | the algorithm is used to calculate |
| | algorithm | packet end-to-end MAC |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| TMACAlg | transit MAC | the algorithm is used to calculate |
| | algorithm | packet transit MAC |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| MACLen | end-to-end MAC | |
| | length | |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| TMACLen | transit MAC | |
| | length | |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| IVLen | end-to-end | the initialization value can be |
| | initialization | used for packet encryption, end-to- |
| | value length | end MAC, and derivation of packet |
| | | encryption keys and packet end-to- |
| | | end MAC keys (or packet encryption |
| | | and end-to-end MAC keys) |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| TIVLen | transit | the transit initialization value |
| | initialization | can be used for packet transit MAC |
| | value length | and derivation of packet transit |
| | | MAC keys |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
| KDAlg | algorithms of | the algorithms are used to derive |
| | deriving | packet encryption keys and packet |
| | packet | end-to-end MAC keys (or packet |
| | protection | encryption and end-to-end MAC |
| | keys from | keys), and to derive packet transit |
| | exchange keys | MAC keys |
+-----------+----------------+-------------------------------------+
Table 4: Main Mechanisms And Parameters In The Cryptographic Suite
5.3.1. MAGMA-MGM cryptographic suite: CS = 1
MAGMA-MGM Cryptographic Suite Description is shown in Table 5:
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+===========+=====================================+
| Parameter | Value |
+===========+=====================================+
| EncAlg | GOST R 34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] |
| | in the MGM mode [RFC9058] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| MACAlg | GOST R 34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] |
| | in the MGM mode [RFC9058] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| TMACAlg | GOST R 34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] |
| | in the MGM mode [RFC9058] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| MACLen | 32 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| TMACLen | 32 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| IVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| TIVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
| KDAlg | see the description below |
+-----------+-------------------------------------+
Table 5: MAGMA-MGM cryptographic suite: CS = 1
5.3.1.1. Exchange keys
For each pair of interacting hosts, there is a single exchange key
with a length of 256 bits used for deriving of packet encryption and
end-to-end MAC keys, as well as packet transit MAC keys.
5.3.1.2. Requirements for initialization values
The end-to-end initialization value InitValue in the InitValue field
of the IPlir message should have a length of 64 bits and be unique
for each IPlir packet the encryption and end-to-end MAC of which are
implemented by the same source host using the same exchange key.
The transit initialization value TransitInitValue in the
TransitInitValue field of the IPlir message should have a length of
64 bits and be unique for each IPlir packet the transit MAC of which
is implemented by the same (transit) host using the same exchange
key.
5.3.1.3. Key derivation algorithms
The packet encryption and end-to-end MAC key K_AEAD of 256 bit length
is calculated as follows:
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K_AEAD = K_1 || K_2 || K_3 || K_4,
where each value of K_i \in V_64, i = 1,2,3,4 is calculated as per
GOST R 34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] in the CMAC mode as per ISO/IEC
9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1], wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key. The exchange key is
specified by the source and destination hosts and the KN field
value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the data:
IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||IV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('AEAD'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- IV_KDF = InitValue, where InitValue is initialized by the
InitValue field value of the IPlir message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = SourceIdentifier, where SourceIdentifier is initialized
by the SourceIdentifier field value of the IPlir message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the InitValue, SequenceNumber and
SourceIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 256,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The packet transit MAC key K_TMAC of 256 bit length is calculated as
follows:
K_TMAC = K_1 || K_2 || K_3 || K_4,
where each value of K_i \in V_64, i = 1,2,3,4 is calculated as per
GOST R 34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] in the CMAC mode, as per ISO/IEC
9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1], wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key. The exchange key is
specified by the (transit) hosts the IPlir packet passes through
and the TKN field value of the IPlir message,
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* a binary string as shown below is used as the data:
IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||TIV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('TMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- TIV_KDF = TransitInitValue, where TransitInitValue is
initialized by the TransitInitValue field value of the IPlir
message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = TransitIdentifier, where TransitIdentifier is
initialized by the TransitIdentifier field value of the IPlir
message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the TransitInitValue, SequenceNumber
and TransitIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 256,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
5.3.1.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms
Encryption of the IPlir body and calculation of the end-to-end MAC
ICV in the IntegrityCheckValue field of the IPlir message are
implemented as per GOST R 34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] in the MGM
mode [RFC9058], wherein
* the packet encryption and end-to-end MAC key K_AEAD is used as the
encryption key,
* data in the IPlir header fields in the order of their appearance
in the IPlir message are used as associated authenticated data,
* data in the IPlir body fields in the order of their appearance in
the IPlir message are used as plaintext,
* the value of IV_AEAD \in V_63 is used as the initial counter
nonce:
IV_AEAD = LSB_63(InitValue),
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where InitValue is initialized by the InitValue field value of
the IPlir message,
* the MAC length is 32 bits.
The diagram of encryption and end-to-end MAC is shown in Figure 8.
+-----------------------------------+
| IPlir header |
| ... |
| +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SourceIdentifier | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
| | ... |--------+
| | +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| InitValue |---------+ |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir body |--+ | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | | |
| | IPlir trailer | | | |
| | ... | | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | | |
| | | |
v v v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF based on GOST R 34.12-2015 | +------+ | GOST R 34.12-2015 |
| (Magma) [RFC8891] in the CMAC |->|K_AEAD|->| (Magma) [RFC8891] |
| mode as per | +------+ | in the MGM mode |
| ISO/IEC 9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1] | | [RFC9058] |
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| | |
+-----------------------+ | |
| Exchange key between | | |
| source and destination| | |
| hosts | | |
+-----------------------+ | |
| |
+-----------------------------------+ | |
| IPlir header | | |
| ... | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| | SourceIdentifier | | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| ... | | |
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| +---------------------------+ | | |
| | SequenceNumber | | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| | InitValue | | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
+-----------------------------------+ | |
| Encrypted IPlir body |<--+ |
+-----------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
| | IntegrityCheckValue |<-----------+
| +---------------------------+ |
| ... |
+-----------------------------------+
Figure 8: Diagram of Encryption and End-to-End MAC Using the
MAGMA-MGM Cryptographic Suite
Calculation of the transit MAC TICV in the TransitIntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the GOST R
34.12–2015 (Magma) [RFC8891] in the MGM mode [RFC9058], wherein
* the packet transit MAC key K_TMAC is used as the encryption key,
* data in the IPlir header fields, the encrypted IPlir body and
IntegrityCheckValue, TransitIdentifier, TransitInitValue fields
data in the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are
used as the associated authenticated data,
* plaintext is an empty string,
* the value of TIV_AEAD \in V_63 is used as the initial counter
nonce:
TIV_AEAD = LSB_63(TransitInitValue),
where TransitInitValue is initialized by the TransitInitValue
field value of the IPlir message,
* the MAC length is 32 bits.
The diagram of transit MAC is shown in Figure 9. The “null” value
means an empty binary string.
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+-----------------------------------+--+
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | Encrypted IPlir body | |-------+
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| TransitIdentifier | | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| | | | |
| | | TransitInitValue | | | |
| | +-| | | | |
| | | +---------------------------+---|--+ |
| | | ... | |
| +-|---------------------------------+ |
| | |
| +--------------------------------------+ |
| +------+ | |
| | null |----+ | |
| +------+ | | |
v v v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF based on GOST R 34.12-2015 | +------+ | GOST R 34.12-2015 |
| (Magma) [RFC8891] in the CMAC |->|K_TMAC|->| (Magma) [RFC8891] |
| mode as per | +------+ | in the MGM mode |
| ISO/IEC 9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1] | | [RFC9058] |
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| v |
+-----------------------+ +------+ |
| Exchange key between | | null | |
| transit hosts | +------+ |
+-----------------------+ |
|
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | SequenceNumber | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| ... | |
+------------------------------------+ |
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| Encrypted IPlir body | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIdentifier | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | TransitInitValue | | |
| | | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIntegrityCheckValue |<----------+
| +----------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------+
Figure 9: Diagram of Transit MAC Using the MAGMA-MGM
Cryptographic Suite
5.3.2. KUZN-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS=2
KUZN-CTR-CMAC Cryptographic Suite Description is shown in Table 6:
+===========+========================================+
| Parameter | Value |
+===========+========================================+
| EncAlg | GOST R 34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) |
| | [RFC7801] in the CTR mode [ISO10116] |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| MACAlg | GOST R 34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) |
| | [RFC7801] in the CMAC mode [ISO9797-1] |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| TMACAlg | GOST R 34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) |
| | [RFC7801] in the CMAC mode [ISO9797-1] |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| MACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| TMACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| IVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| TIVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
| KDAlg | see the description below |
+-----------+----------------------------------------+
Table 6: KUZN-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS=2
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5.3.2.1. Exchange keys
For each pair of interacting hosts, there is a single exchange key
with a length of 256 bits designed for derivation of packet
encryption keys, end-to-end MAC keys, and transit MAC keys.
5.3.2.2. Requirements for initialization values
The end-to-end initialization value InitValue in the InitValue field
of the IPlir message should have a length of 64 bits and be unique
for each IPlir packet the encryption and end-to-end MAC of which are
implemented by the same source host using the same exchange key.
The transit initialization value TransitInitValue in the
TransitInitValue field of the IPlir message should have a length of
64 bits and be unique for each IPlir packet the transit MAC of which
is implemented by the same (transit) host using the same exchange
key.
5.3.2.3. Key derivation algorithms
The packet encryption key K_ENC of 256 bit length and the packet end-
to-end MAC key K_MAC of 256 bit length are calculated as follows:
K_ENC = K_1 || K_2,
K_MAC = K_3 || K_4,
where each value of K_i \in V_128, i = 1,2,3,4 is calculated as per
GOST R 34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) [RFC7801] in the CMAC mode as per ISO/
IEC 9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1], wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key. The exchange key is
specified by the source and destination hosts and the KN field
value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the data:
IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||IV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('ENCMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- IV_KDF = InitValue, where InitValue is initialized by the
InitValue field value of the IPlir message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
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- Node = SourceIdentifier, where SourceIdentifier is initialized
by the SourceIdentifier field value of the IPlir message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the InitValue, SequenceNumber and
SourceIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 512,
* the MAC length is 128 bits.
The packet transit MAC key K_TMAC of 256 bit length is calculated as
follows:
K_TMAC = K_1 || K_2,
where each value of K_i \in V_128, i = 1,2 is calculated as per GOST
R 34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) [RFC7801] in the CMAC mode as per ISO/IEC
9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1], wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key. The exchange key is
specified by the (transit) hosts the IPlir packet passes through
and the TKN field value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the data:
IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||TIV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('TMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- TIV_KDF = TransitInitValue, where TransitInitValue is
initialized by the TransitInitValue field value of the IPlir
message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = TransitIdentifier, where TransitIdentifier is
initialized by the TransitIdentifier field value of the IPlir
message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the TransitInitValue, SequenceNumber
and TransitIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 256,
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* the MAC length is 128 bits.
5.3.2.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms
The IPlir body is encrypted as per the GOST R 34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik)
[RFC7801] in the CTR mode as per ISO/IEC 10116:2017 [ISO10116]
without padding, wherein
* the packet encryption key K_ENC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir body fields in the order of their appearance in
the IPlir message are used as plaintext,
* the value of SV \in V_128 is used as the initialization value:
SV = InitValue||0^64,
where InitValue is initialized by the InitValue field value of
the IPlir message,
* the key stream block length is 128 bits.
Calculation of the end-to-end MAC ICV in the IntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the GOST R
34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) [RFC7801] in the CMAC mode as per ISO/IEC
9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1], wherein
* the packet end-to-end MAC key K_MAC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir header fields and the encrypted IPlir body in
the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are used as the
data,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of encryption and end-to-end MAC is shown in Figure 10.
+-----------------------------------+
| IPlir header |
| ... |
| +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SourceIdentifier | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
| | ... |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SequenceNumber | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+--------| InitValue |----------+
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| | +---------------------------+ | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | IPlir body |--+ |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | |
v v v
+---------------------------------+ +------+ +-------------------+
| KDF based on GOST R 34.12-2015 |->|K_ENC |->| GOST R 34.12-2015 |
| (Kuznyechik) [RFC7801] in the | +------+ | (Kuznyechik) |
| CMAC mode as per | | [RFC7801] in the |
| ISO/IEC 9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1] | +------+ | CTR mode |
| |->|K_MAC | | [ISO10116] |
+---------------------------------+ +------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| v |
+-----------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| Exchange key between | | GOST R 34.12-2015 | |
| source and destination| +---| (Kuznyechik) | |
| hosts | | | [RFC7801] in the | |
+-----------------------+ | | CMAC mode | |
| | [ISO9797-1] | |
| +-------------------+ |
+-----------------------+ ^ |
| | |
| +---------------------------------+ |
| | |
| | +---+-----------------------------------+ |
| | | | IPlir header | |
| | | | ... | |
| | | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | | SourceIdentifier | | |
| | | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | ... | |
| +---| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | SequenceNumber | | |
| | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | InitValue | | |
| | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ |
| | | Encrypted IPlir body |<---+
| +---+-----------------------------------+
| | IPlir trailer |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+-------------->| IntegrityCheckValue | |
| +---------------------------+ |
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| ... |
+-----------------------------------+
Figure 10: Diagram of Encryption and End-to-End MAC Using the
KUZN-CTR-CMAC Cryptographic Suite
Calculation of the transit MAC TICV in the TransitIntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the GOST R
34.12-2015 (Kuznyechik) [RFC7801] in the CMAC mode as per ISO/IEC
9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1], wherein
* the packet transit MAC key K_TMAC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir header fields, the encrypted IPlir body and
IntegrityCheckValue, TransitIdentifier, TransitInitValue fields
data in the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are
used as the data protected by MAC,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of transit MAC is shown in Figure 11.
+-----------------------------------+--+
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | Encrypted IPlir body | |---+
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| TransitIdentifier | | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| | | | |
| | | TransitInitValue | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | +---------------------------+---|--+ |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| |
v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF based on GOST R 34.12-2015 | +------+ | GOST R 34.12-2015 |
| (Kuznyechik) [RFC7801] in the |->|K_TMAC|->| (Kuznyechik) |
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| CMAC mode as per | +------+ | [RFC7801] in the |
| ISO/IEC 9797-1:2011 [ISO9797-1] | | CMAC mode |
+---------------------------------+ | [ISO9797-1] +
^ +-------------------+
| |
| |
+----------------------+ |
| Exchange key between | |
| transit hosts | |
+----------------------+ |
|
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | SequenceNumber | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| ... | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| Encrypted IPlir body | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIdentifier | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | TransitInitValue | | |
| | | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIntegrityCheckValue |<------+
| +----------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------+
Figure 11: Diagram of Transit MAC Using the KUZN-CTR-CMAC
Cryptographic Suite
5.3.3. AES-128-GCM cryptographic suite: CS = 129
AES-128-GCM Cryptographic Suite Description is shown in Table 7:
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+===========+=================================================+
| Parameter | Value |
+===========+=================================================+
| EncAlg | AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the GCM mode [ISO19772] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MACAlg | AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the GCM mode [ISO19772] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TMACAlg | AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the GCM mode [ISO19772] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TMACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| IVLen | 96 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TIVLen | 96 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| KDAlg | see the description below |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
Table 7: AES-128-GCM cryptographic suite: CS = 129
5.3.3.1. Exchange keys
For each pair of interacting hosts, there is a single exchange key
with a length of 128 bits used for deriving of packet encryption and
end-to-end MAC keys, as well as packet transit MAC keys.
5.3.3.2. Requirements for initialization values
The end-to-end initialization value InitValue in the InitValue field
of the IPlir message should have a length of 96 bits and be unique
for each IPlir packet the encryption and end-to-end MAC of which are
implemented by the same source host using the same exchange key.
The transit initialization value TransitInitValue in the
TransitInitValue field of the IPlir message should have a length of
96 bits and be unique for each IPlir packet the transit MAC of which
is implemented by the same (transit) host using the same exchange
key.
5.3.3.3. Key derivation algorithms
The packet encryption and end-to-end MAC key K_AEAD of 128 bit length
is calculated as follows:
K_AEAD = K_1,
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where value of K_1 \in V_128 is calculated as per KDF in Counter Mode
using AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493] as the PRF,
wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key for the PRF. The exchange key
is specified by the source and destination hosts and the KN field
value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the input data for the
PRF: IntToVec_8(1)||Label||aL||IV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('AEAD'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- IV_KDF = InitValue, where InitValue is initialized by the
InitValue field value of the IPlir message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = SourceIdentifier, where SourceIdentifier is initialized
by the SourceIdentifier field value of the IPlir message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the InitValue, SequenceNumber and
SourceIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_8(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 128,
* the PRF output length is 128 bits.
The packet transit MAC key K_TMAC of 128 bit length is calculated as
follows:
K_TMAC = K_1,
where value of K_1 \in V_128 is calculated as per KDF in Counter Mode
using AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493] as the PRF,
wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key for the PRF. The exchange key
is specified by the (transit) hosts the IPlir packet passes
through and the TKN field value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the input data for the
PRF: IntToVec_8(1)||Label||aL||TIV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
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- Label = StrToVec_48('TMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- TIV_KDF = TransitInitValue, where TransitInitValue is
initialized by the TransitInitValue field value of the IPlir
message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = TransitIdentifier, where TransitIdentifier is
initialized by the TransitIdentifier field value of the IPlir
message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the TransitInitValue, SequenceNumber
and TransitIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_8(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 128,
* the PRF output length is 128 bits.
5.3.3.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms
Encryption of the IPlir body and calculation of the end-to-end MAC
ICV in the IntegrityCheckValue field of the IPlir message are
implemented as per the AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the GCM mode
[ISO19772], wherein
* the packet encryption and end-to-end MAC key K_AEAD is used as the
key,
* data in the IPlir header fields in the order of their appearance
in the IPlir message are used as additional authenticated data,
* data in the IPlir body fields in the order of their appearance in
the IPlir message are used as plaintext,
* the value of IV_AEAD \in V_96 is used as initialization vector:
IV_AEAD = InitValue,
where InitValue is initialized by the InitValue field value of
the IPlir message,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
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The diagram of encryption and end-to-end MAC is shown in Figure 12.
+-----------------------------------+
| IPlir header |
| ... |
| +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SourceIdentifier | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
| | ... |--------+
| | +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| InitValue |---------+ |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir body |--+ | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | | |
| | IPlir trailer | | | |
| | ... | | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | | |
| | | |
v v v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF in Counter Mode | +------+ | AES-128 |
| [NIST.SP.800-108] based on |->|K_AEAD|->| [ISO18033-3] |
| AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the | +------+ | in the GCM mode |
| CMAC mode [RFC4493] | | [ISO19772] |
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| | |
+-----------------------+ | |
| Exchange key between | | |
| source and destination| | |
| hosts | | |
+-----------------------+ | |
| |
+-----------------------------------+ | |
| IPlir header | | |
| ... | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| | SourceIdentifier | | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| ... | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| | SequenceNumber | | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
| | InitValue | | | |
| +---------------------------+ | | |
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+-----------------------------------+ | |
| Encrypted IPlir body |<--+ |
+-----------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
| | IntegrityCheckValue |<-----------+
| +---------------------------+ |
| ... |
+-----------------------------------+
Figure 12: Diagram of Encryption and End-to-End MAC Using the
AES-128-GCM Cryptographic Suite
Calculation of the transit MAC TICV in the TransitIntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the AES-128
[ISO18033-3] in the GCM mode [ISO19772], wherein
* the packet transit MAC key K_TMAC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir header fields, the encrypted IPlir body and
IntegrityCheckValue, TransitIdentifier, TransitInitValue fields
data in the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are
used as additional authenticated data,
* plaintext is an empty string,
* the value of TIV_AEAD \in V_96 is used as initialization vector:
TIV_AEAD = TransitInitValue,
where TransitInitValue is initialized by the TransitInitValue
field value of the IPlir message,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of transit MAC is shown in Figure 13. The “null” value
means an empty binary string.
+-----------------------------------+--+
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | Encrypted IPlir body | |-------+
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
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| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| TransitIdentifier | | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| | | | |
| | | TransitInitValue | | | |
| | +-| | | | |
| | | +---------------------------+---|--+ |
| | | ... | |
| +-|---------------------------------+ |
| | |
| +--------------------------------------+ |
| +------+ | |
| | null |----+ | |
| +------+ | | |
v v v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF in Counter Mode | +------+ | AES-128 |
| [NIST.SP.800-108] based on |->|K_TMAC|->| [ISO18033-3] |
| AES-128 [ISO18033-3] in the | +------+ | in the GCM mode |
| CMAC mode [RFC4493] | | [ISO19772] |
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| v |
+-----------------------+ +------+ |
| Exchange key between | | null | |
| transit hosts | +------+ |
+-----------------------+ |
|
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | SequenceNumber | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| ... | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| Encrypted IPlir body | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIdentifier | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | TransitInitValue | | |
| | | | |
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| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIntegrityCheckValue |<----------+
| +----------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------+
Figure 13: Diagram of Transit MAC Using the AES-128-GCM
Cryptographic Suite
5.3.4. AES-256-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS = 132
AES-256-CTR-CMAC Cryptographic Suite Description is shown in Table 8:
+===========+=================================================+
| Parameter | Value |
+===========+=================================================+
| EncAlg | AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CTR mode [ISO10116] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MACAlg | AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TMACAlg | AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TMACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| IVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TIVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| KDAlg | see the description below |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
Table 8: AES-256-CTR-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS = 132
5.3.4.1. Exchange keys
For each pair of interacting hosts, there is a single exchange key
with a length of 256 bits designed for derivation of packet
encryption keys, end-to-end MAC keys, and transit MAC keys.
5.3.4.2. Requirements for initialization values
The end-to-end initialization value InitValue in the InitValue field
of the IPlir message should have a length of 64 bits and be unique
for each IPlir packet the encryption and end-to-end MAC of which are
implemented by the same source host using the same exchange key.
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The transit initialization value TransitInitValue in the
TransitInitValue field of the IPlir message should have a length of
64 bits and be unique for each IPlir packet the transit MAC of which
is implemented by the same (transit) host using the same exchange
key.
5.3.4.3. Key derivation algorithms
The packet encryption key K_ENC of 256 bit length and the packet end-
to-end MAC key K_MAC of 256 bit length are calculated as follows:
K_ENC = K_1 || K_2,
K_MAC = K_3 || K_4,
where each value of K_i \in V_128, i = 1,2,3,4 is calculated as per
KDF in Counter Mode using AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode
[RFC4493] as the PRF, wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key for the PRF. The exchange key
is specified by the source and destination hosts and the KN field
value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the input data for the
PRF: IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||IV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('ENCMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- IV_KDF = InitValue, where InitValue is initialized by the
InitValue field value of the IPlir message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = SourceIdentifier, where SourceIdentifier is initialized
by the SourceIdentifier field value of the IPlir message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the InitValue, SequenceNumber and
SourceIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 512,
* the PRF output length is 128 bits.
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The packet transit MAC key K_TMAC of 256 bit length is calculated as
follows:
K_TMAC = K_1 || K_2,
where each value of K_i \in V_128, i = 1,2 is calculated as per KDF
in Counter Mode using AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493]
as the PRF, wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key for the PRF. The exchange key
is specified by the (transit) hosts the IPlir packet passes
through and the TKN field value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the input data for the
PRF: IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||TIV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('TMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- TIV_KDF = TransitInitValue, where TransitInitValue is
initialized by the TransitInitValue field value of the IPlir
message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = TransitIdentifier, where TransitIdentifier is
initialized by the TransitIdentifier field value of the IPlir
message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the TransitInitValue, SequenceNumber
and TransitIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 256,
* the PRF output length is 128 bits.
5.3.4.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms
The IPlir body is encrypted as per the AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the
CTR mode as per ISO/IEC 10116:2017[ISO10116] without padding, wherein
* the packet encryption key K_ENC is used as the key,
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* data in the IPlir header fields and the encrypted IPlir body in
the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are used as the
data,
* the values of CTR_i \in V_128 are used as counters in CTR mode:
CTR_i = InitValue || IntToVec_64(i), i = 1, 2, ... , n,
where InitValue is initialized by the InitValue field value of
the IPlir message.
* the key stream block length is 128 bits.
Calculation of the end-to-end MAC ICV in the IntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the AES-256
[ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493], wherein
* the packet end-to-end MAC key K_MAC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir body fields in the order of their appearance in
the IPlir message are used as plaintext,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of encryption and end-to-end MAC is shown in Figure 14.
+-----------------------------------+
| IPlir header |
| ... |
| +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SourceIdentifier | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
| | ... |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SequenceNumber | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+--------| InitValue |----------+
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | IPlir body |--+ |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | |
v v v
+---------------------------------+ +------+ +-------------------+
| KDF in Counter Mode |->|K_ENC |->| AES-256 |
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| [NIST.SP.800-108] based on | +------+ | [ISO18033-3] |
| AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the | | in the CTR mode |
| CMAC mode [RFC4493] | +------+ | [ISO10116] |
| |->|K_MAC | | |
+---------------------------------+ +------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| v |
+-----------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| Exchange key between | | AES-256 | |
| source and destination| +---| [ISO18033-3] | |
| hosts | | | in the CMAC mode | |
+-----------------------+ | | [RFC4493] | |
| +-------------------+ |
+-----------------------+ ^ |
| | |
| +---------------------------------+ |
| | |
| | +---+-----------------------------------+ |
| | | | IPlir header | |
| | | | ... | |
| | | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | | SourceIdentifier | | |
| | | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | ... | |
| +---| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | SequenceNumber | | |
| | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | InitValue | | |
| | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ |
| | | Encrypted IPlir body |<---+
| +---+-----------------------------------+
| | IPlir trailer |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+-------------->| IntegrityCheckValue | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| ... |
+-----------------------------------+
Figure 14: Diagram of Encryption and End-to-End MAC Using the
AES-256-CTR-CMAC Cryptographic Suite
Calculation of the transit MAC TICV in the TransitIntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the AES-256
[ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493], wherein
* the packet transit MAC key K_TMAC is used as the key,
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* data in the IPlir header fields, the encrypted IPlir body and
IntegrityCheckValue, TransitIdentifier, TransitInitValue fields
data in the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are
used as the data protected by MAC,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of transit MAC is shown in Figure 15.
+-----------------------------------+--+
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | Encrypted IPlir body | |---+
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| TransitIdentifier | | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| | | | |
| | | TransitInitValue | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | +---------------------------+---|--+ |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| |
v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF in Counter Mode | +------+ | AES-256 |
| [NIST.SP.800-108] based on |->|K_TMAC|->| [ISO18033-3] |
| AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the | +------+ | in the CMAC mode |
| CMAC mode [RFC4493] | | [RFC4493] |
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
^ |
| |
+-----------------------+ |
| Exchange key between | |
| transit hosts | |
+-----------------------+ |
|
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
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| +----------------------------+ | |
| | SequenceNumber | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| ... | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| Encrypted IPlir body | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIdentifier | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | TransitInitValue | | |
| | | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIntegrityCheckValue |<------+
| +----------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------+
Figure 15: Diagram of Transit MAC Using the AES-256-CTR-CMAC
Cryptographic Suite
5.3.5. AES-256-CFB-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS = 134
AES-256-CTR-CMAC Cryptographic Suite Description is shown in Table 9:
+===========+=================================================+
| Parameter | Value |
+===========+=================================================+
| EncAlg | AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CFB mode [ISO10116] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MACAlg | AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TMACAlg | AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493] |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| MACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TMACLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| IVLen | 128 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| TIVLen | 64 bits |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
| KDAlg | see the description below |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------+
Table 9: AES-256-CFB-CMAC cryptographic suite: CS = 134
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5.3.5.1. Exchange keys
For each pair of interacting hosts, there is a single exchange key
with a length of 256 bits designed for derivation of packet
encryption keys, end-to-end MAC keys, and transit MAC keys.
5.3.5.2. Requirements for initialization values
The end-to-end initialization value InitValue in the InitValue field
of the IPlir message should have a length of 128 bits and be random.
The transit initialization value TransitInitValue in the
TransitInitValue field of the IPlir message should have a length of
64 bits and be unique for each IPlir packet the transit MAC of which
is implemented by the same (transit) host using the same exchange
key.
5.3.5.3. Key derivation algorithms
The packet encryption key K_ENC of 256 bit length and the packet end-
to-end MAC key K_MAC of 256 bit length are calculated as follows:
K_ENC = K_1 || K_2,
K_MAC = K_3 || K_4,
where each value of K_i \in V_128, i = 1,2,3,4 is calculated as per
KDF in Counter Mode using AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode
[RFC4493] as the PRF, wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key for the PRF. The exchange key
is specified by the source and destination hosts and the KN field
value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the input data for the
PRF: IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||IV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('ENCMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- IV_KDF = InitValue, where InitValue is initialized by the
InitValue field value of the IPlir message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
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- Node = SourceIdentifier, where SourceIdentifier is initialized
by the SourceIdentifier field value of the IPlir message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the InitValue, SequenceNumber and
SourceIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 512,
* the PRF output length is 128 bits.
The packet transit MAC key K_TMAC of 256 bit length is calculated as
follows:
K_TMAC = K_1 || K_2,
where each value of K_i \in V_128, i = 1,2 is calculated as per KDF
in Counter Mode using AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493]
as the PRF, wherein
* the exchange key is used as the key for the PRF. The exchange key
is specified by the (transit) hosts the IPlir packet passes
through and the TKN field value of the IPlir message,
* a binary string as shown below is used as the input data for the
PRF: IntToVec_8(i)||Label||aL||TIV_KDF||SN||Node||cL||oL, where
- Label = StrToVec_48('TMAC'),
- aL = IntToVec_8(LabelByteLength), where LabelByteLength = 6,
- TIV_KDF = TransitInitValue, where TransitInitValue is
initialized by the TransitInitValue field value of the IPlir
message,
- SN = SequenceNumber, where SequenceNumber is initialized by the
SequenceNumber field value of the IPlir message,
- Node = TransitIdentifier, where TransitIdentifier is
initialized by the TransitIdentifier field value of the IPlir
message,
- cL = IntToVec_16(ContextByteLength), where ContextByteLength is
the sum of byte lengths of the TransitInitValue, SequenceNumber
and TransitIdentifier fields of the IPlir message,
- oL = IntToVec_16(OutputBitLength), where OutputBitLength = 256,
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* the PRF output length is 128 bits.
5.3.5.4. Encryption and MAC algorithms
The IPlir body is encrypted as per the AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the
CFB mode as per ISO/IEC 10116:2017 [ISO10116], wherein
* the packet encryption key K_ENC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir body fields in the order of their appearance in
the IPlir message are used as plaintext,
* the value of SV \in V_128 is used as the initialization value:
SV = InitValue,
where InitValue is initialized by the InitValue field value of
the IPlir message.
Calculation of the end-to-end MAC ICV in the IntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the AES-256
[ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493], wherein
* the packet end-to-end MAC key K_MAC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir header fields and the encrypted IPlir body in
the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are used as the
data,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of encryption and end-to-end MAC is shown in Figure 16.
+-----------------------------------+
| IPlir header |
| ... |
| +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SourceIdentifier | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
| | ... |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+--------| SequenceNumber | |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+--------| InitValue |----------+
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | IPlir body |--+ |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
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| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | |
v v v
+---------------------------------+ +------+ +-------------------+
| KDF in Counter Mode |->|K_ENC |->| AES-256 |
| [NIST.SP.800-108] based on | +------+ | [ISO18033-3] |
| AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the | | in the CFB mode |
| CMAC mode [RFC4493] | +------+ | [ISO10116] |
| |->|K_MAC | | |
+---------------------------------+ +------+ +-------------------+
^ | |
| v |
+-----------------------+ +-------------------+ |
| Exchange key between | | AES-256 | |
| source and destination| +---| [ISO18033-3] | |
| hosts | | | in the CMAC mode | |
+-----------------------+ | | [RFC4493] | |
| +-------------------+ |
+-----------------------+ ^ |
| | |
| +---------------------------------+ |
| | |
| | +---+-----------------------------------+ |
| | | | IPlir header | |
| | | | ... | |
| | | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | | SourceIdentifier | | |
| | | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | ... | |
| +---| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | SequenceNumber | | |
| | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | | | InitValue | | |
| | | +---------------------------+ | |
| | +-----------------------------------+ |
| | | Encrypted IPlir body |<---+
| +---+-----------------------------------+
| | IPlir trailer |
| | +---------------------------+ |
+-------------->| IntegrityCheckValue | |
| +---------------------------+ |
| ... |
+-----------------------------------+
Figure 16: Diagram of Encryption and End-to-End MAC Using the
AES-256-CFB-CMAC Cryptographic Suite
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Calculation of the transit MAC TICV in the TransitIntegrityCheckValue
field of the IPlir message is implemented as per the AES-256
[ISO18033-3] in the CMAC mode [RFC4493], wherein
* the packet transit MAC key K_TMAC is used as the key,
* data in the IPlir header fields, the encrypted IPlir body and
IntegrityCheckValue, TransitIdentifier, TransitInitValue fields
data in the order of their appearance in the IPlir message are
used as the data protected by MAC,
* the MAC length is 64 bits.
The diagram of transit MAC is shown in Figure 17.
+-----------------------------------+--+
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +---------------------------+ | |
+--------| SequenceNumber | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| | Encrypted IPlir body | |---+
| +-----------------------------------+ | |
| | IPlir trailer | | |
| | ... | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| TransitIdentifier | | | |
| | +---------------------------+ | | |
+--------| | | | |
| | | TransitInitValue | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | +---------------------------+---|--+ |
| | ... | |
| +-----------------------------------+ |
| |
v v
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
| KDF in Counter Mode | +------+ | AES-256 |
| [NIST.SP.800-108] based on |->|K_TMAC|->| [ISO18033-3] |
| AES-256 [ISO18033-3] in the | +------+ | in the CMAC mode |
| CMAC mode [RFC4493] | | [RFC4493] |
+---------------------------------+ +-------------------+
^ |
| |
+----------------------+ |
| Exchange key between | |
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| transit hosts | |
+----------------------+ |
|
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir header | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | SequenceNumber | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| ... | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| Encrypted IPlir body | |
+------------------------------------+ |
| IPlir trailer | |
| ... | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIdentifier | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | | | |
| | TransitInitValue | | |
| | | | |
| +----------------------------+ | |
| | TransitIntegrityCheckValue |<------+
| +----------------------------+ |
+------------------------------------+
Figure 17: Diagram of Transit MAC Using the AES-256-CFB-CMAC
Cryptographic Suite
6. IPlir packet processing
The algorithms used for cryptographic processing of network packets
are determined by the cryptographic suite for .
The cryptographic suite for protection of the original IP packet is
chosen depending on the corresponding security policy of the source
host and the destination host context on the source host. The logic
and procedure of processing IPlir packets protected using a certain
cryptographic suite depend on the IPlir packet reception policy and
the source host context on the destination host. The necessity and
procedure of using transit MAC are determined based on the source
host security policy and IPlir packet reception policies of transit
hosts and the destination host.
Depending on security policies and other requirements, protection of
the destination host or transit host against replay of previously
transmitted IPlir packets may be required. The IPlir protocol makes
it possible to arrange such protection by using counter values and/or
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timestamps, as well as by tracking the history of their change on
transit hosts and the destination host. As an example,
SequenceNumber, InitValue, TransitInitValue field values can be used
as counter values, Timestamp field values can be used as timestamps.
Description of specific mechanisms designed for protection against
replay of previously transmitted IPlir packets is beyond the scope of
this document.
6.1. IP and IPlir packet fragmentation
When packing data in IP packets, the IP protocol can fragment (break
down into fragments) messages of the higher transport layer protocols
UDP, TCP, etc. This processing results in several (linked) IP
packets, each called an IP fragment.
The IPlir protocol in transport and light tunnel modes should only be
applied to whole (non-fragmented) IP packets, but not IP fragments.
In the tunnel mode, the IPlir protocol can be applied to both whole
IP packets and IP fragments.
In case of encapsulation in IPv4, the IPlir packet, just like any
other IPv4 packet, can be fragmented by routers during transmission.
Before the IPlir packet is processed on the end of the destination or
transit host, the IPlir packet must be defragmented.
6.2. Original IP packet protection by the source host
If the source host decides to protect a specific IP packet, an IPlir
packet is created as follows:
1. The destination and transit hosts contexts along with the applied
security policy determine:
* IPlir operation mode;
* cryptographic suite;
* transit MAC necessity;
2. Based on the destination and transit hosts contexts along with
the cryptographic suite:
* an end-to-end initialization value and, if transit MAC is
needed, a transit initialization value are generated;
* the packet number and timestamp are generated;
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* the packet encryption key, end-to-end MAC key and, if
necessary, transit MAC key are derived;
3. The IPlir packet fields are filled in considering the data from
the original IP packet and the data generated previously.
4. The IPlir body is encrypted and the end-to-end MAC value is
calculated as prescribed by the cryptographic suite. The end-to-
end MAC value is placed in the IntegrityCheckValue field of the
IPlir trailer.
5. If transit integrity control is required, the corresponding
fields and flags of the IPlir header and IPlir trailer are filled
in, the transit MAC value is calculated. The transit MAC value
is placed in the TransitIntegrityCheckValue field of the IPlir
trailer.
6. An IPlir packet is generated, wherein parts of the original IP
packet are located according to the rules specified in
Section 4.4.
6.3. IPlir packet processing on the transit host
After receiving an IPlir packet, the transit host processes the IPlir
packet as follows:
1. It checks whether the received IPlir packet corresponds to the
IPlir packet reception policy. If the packet does not comply
with the policy, it is blocked.
2. If the IPlir version in the IPlir header is not supported by the
transit host, the packet is blocked.
3. The IPlir packet is matched to the context of the source host or
the previous transit host. If the context is not found or
contains cryptographic suites not matching the set from the
IPlir header, the packet is blocked.
4. If the suite from the IPlir header does not imply transit MAC,
the packet is blocked.
5. Based on the context of the previous transit host (or source
host) and the IPlir header, the packet transit MAC key is
derived. The IPlir packet integrity is verified by checking the
transit MAC. If the transit MAC is not correct, the packet is
blocked.
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6. The next transit host is determined based on the destination
host context on the transit host (or it is determined that the
IPlir packet can be delivered to the destination host directly).
If the context of the next transit host (or destination host) is
not found, the packet is blocked.
7. If the found context contains cryptographic suites not matching
the set from the IPlir header, the packet is blocked.
8. The transit initialization value is generated and the packet
transit MAC key is derived based on the context of the next
transit host, IPlir header and IPlir trailer. The number of the
packet transit MAC key and the transit host identifier are
established in the IPlir message. The transit initialization
value is located in the TransitInitValue field.
9. The transit MAC value is calculated and placed in the
TransitIntegrityCheckValue field of the IPlir trailer.
10. An IPlir packet is generated, wherein parts of the original IP
packet are located according to the rules specified in
Section 4.4.
There may be cases when the security policies require a transit MAC
to be added to the routed packet without checking the previous value
or, vice versa, the received IPlir packet integrity to be checked
without calculating a new transit MAC value, as well as cases when no
transit protection is required. In this case:
* If no integrity verification of the received transit IPlir packet
is required, steps 3, 4, 5 of the above algorithm are skipped,
* If no transit MAC calculation is required, steps 7, 8, 9 of the
above algorithm are skipped,
* If transit protection is not required, steps 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 of
the above algorithm are skipped.
6.4. Original IP packet recovery by the destination host
After receiving the IPlir packet, the destination host recovers the
original IP packet as follows:
1. It checks whether the received IPlir packet corresponds to the
IPlir packet reception policy. If the packet does not comply
with the policy, it is blocked.
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2. If the IPlir version in the IPlir header is not supported by the
destination host, the packet is blocked.
3. The IPlir packet is matched to the context of the previous
transit host (or source host). If the context is not found or
contains cryptographic suites not matching the set from the IPlir
header, the packet is blocked.
4. Based on the context of the previous transit host (or source
host) and the IPlir header, the packet transit MAC key is
derived. The IPlir packet integrity is verified by checking the
transit MAC. If the transit MAC is not correct, the packet is
blocked.
5. The IPlir packet is matched to the context of the source host.
If the context is not found or contains cryptographic suites not
matching the suite from the IPlir header, the packet is blocked.
6. Based on the context of the source host and the IPlir header, the
packet end-to-end MAC key and, if necessary optional packet
encryption key are derived.
7. The end-to-end MAC is checked and, if the IPlir body was
encrypted, the packet IPlir body is decrypted as defined by the
cryptographic suite. If the end-to-end MAC is not correct, the
packet is blocked.
8. The IP packet is restored according to the rules of Section 4.4.
There may be cases when the security policies do not require transit
MAC checking by the destination host. Then steps 3, 4 of the
algorithm are skipped.
7. IANA Considerations
This document has no IANA actions.
8. Normative References
[ISO10116] International Organization for Standartization,
"Information technology - Security techniques - Modes of
operation for an n-bit block cipher", ISO/IEC 10116:2017,
2017.
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[ISO18033-3]
International Organization for Standartization,
"Information technology - Security techniques - Encryption
algorithms - Part 3: Block ciphers", ISO/IEC
18033-3:2020, 2020.
[ISO19772] International Organization for Standartization,
"Information technology - Authenticated
encryption", ISO/IEC 19772:2020, 2020.
[ISO9797-1]
International Organization for Standartization,
"Information technology - Security techniques - Message
Authentication Codes (MACs) - Part 1: Mechanisms using a
block cipher", ISO/IEC 9797-1:2011, 2011.
[NIST_SP_800_108]
Chen, L. and NIST, "Recommendation for key derivation
using pseudorandom functions (revised)", NIST Special
Publications (General) 800-108,
DOI 10.6028/NIST.SP.800-108, 2009,
<https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/
nistspecialpublication800-108.pdf>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC4493] Song, JH., Poovendran, R., Lee, J., and T. Iwata, "The
AES-CMAC Algorithm", RFC 4493, DOI 10.17487/RFC4493, June
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4493>.
[RFC7801] Dolmatov, V., Ed., "GOST R 34.12-2015: Block Cipher
"Kuznyechik"", RFC 7801, DOI 10.17487/RFC7801, March 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7801>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8891] Dolmatov, V., Ed. and D. Baryshkov, "GOST R 34.12-2015:
Block Cipher "Magma"", RFC 8891, DOI 10.17487/RFC8891,
September 2020, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8891>.
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[RFC9058] Smyshlyaev, S., Ed., Nozdrunov, V., Shishkin, V., and E.
Griboedova, "Multilinear Galois Mode (MGM)", RFC 9058,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9058, June 2021,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9058>.
Authors' Addresses
Davletshina Alexandra (editor)
InfoTeCS
2B stroenie 1, ul. Otradnaya
Moscow
127273
Russian Federation
Phone: +7 (495) 737-61-92
Email: Aleksandra.Davletshina@infotecs.ru
Urivskiy Alexey
InfoTeCS
2B stroenie 1, ul. Otradnaya
Moscow
127273
Russian Federation
Phone: +7 (495) 737-61-92
Email: urivskiy@infotecs.ru
Rybkin Andrey
InfoTeCS
2B stroenie 1, ul. Otradnaya
Moscow
127273
Russian Federation
Phone: +7 (495) 737-61-92
Email: Andrey.Rybkin@infotecs.ru
Tychina Leonid
InfoTeCS
2B stroenie 1, ul. Otradnaya
Moscow
127273
Russian Federation
Phone: +7 (495) 737-61-92
Email: tychina@infotecs.ru
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Parshin Ilia
InfoTeCS
2B stroenie 1, ul. Otradnaya
Moscow
127273
Russian Federation
Phone: +7 (495) 737-61-92
Email: Parshin.Ilia@infotecs.ru
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