Internet DRAFT - draft-jiang-softwire-map-radius
draft-jiang-softwire-map-radius
Network Working Group Sheng Jiang (Editor)
Internet Draft Yu Fu
Intended status: Standards Track Bing Liu
Expires: October 29, 2013 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Peter Deacon
IEA Software, Inc.
April 27, 2013
RADIUS Attribute for MAP
draft-jiang-softwire-map-radius-04.txt
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Abstract
Mapping of Address and Port (MAP) is a stateless mechanism for
running IPv4 over IPv6-only infrastructure. It provides both IPv4 and
IPv6 connectivity services simultaneously during the IPv4/IPv6 co-
existing period. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6) MAP options has been defined to configure MAP Customer Edge
(CE). However, in many networks, the configuration information may be
stored in Authentication Authorization and Accounting (AAA) servers
while user configuration is mainly from Broadband Network Gateway
(BNG) through DHCPv6 protocol. This document defines a Remote
Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) attribute that carries
MAP configuration information from AAA server to BNG. The MAP RADIUS
attribute are designed following the simplify principle. It provides
just enough information to form the correspondent DHCPv6 MAP option.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................. 3
2. Terminology .................................................. 3
3. MAP Configuration process with RADIUS ........................ 3
4. Attributes ................................................... 6
4.1. MAP-Configuration Attribute ............................. 6
4.2. MAP Rule Options ........................................ 6
4.3. Sub Options for MAP Rule Option ......................... 7
4.3.1. Rule-IPv6-Prefix Sub Option ........................ 7
4.3.2. Rule-IPv4-Prefix Sub Option ........................ 8
4.3.3. Encapsulation/Translation Flag Sub Option........... 9
4.3.4. PSID Sub Option ................................... 10
4.3.5. PSID Length Sub Option ............................ 10
4.3.6. PSID Offset Sub Option ............................ 11
4.4. Table of attributes .................................... 11
5. Diameter Considerations ..................................... 12
6. Security Considerations ..................................... 12
7. IANA Considerations ......................................... 12
8. Acknowledgments ............................................. 12
9. References .................................................. 13
9.1. Normative References ................................... 13
9.2. Informative References ................................. 13
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1. Introduction
Recently providers start to deploy IPv6 and consider how to transit
to IPv6. Mapping of Address and Port (MAP)
[I-D.ietf-softwire-map] is a stateless mechanism for running IPv4
over IPv6-only infrastructure. It provides both IPv4 and IPv6
connectivity services simultaneously during the IPv4/IPv6 co-existing
period. MAP has adopted Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6) [RFC3315] as auto-configuring protocol. The MAP Customer
Edge (CE) uses the DHCPv6 extension options
[I-D.mdt-softwire-map-dhcp-option] to discover MAP Border Relay (in
tunnel model only) and to configure relevant MAP rules.
In many networks, user configuration information may be managed by
AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) servers. Current
AAA servers communicate using the Remote Authentication Dial In User
Service (RADIUS) [RFC2865] protocol. In a fixed line broadband
network, the Broadband Network Gateways (BNGs) act as the access
gateway of users. The BNGs are assumed to embed a DHCPv6 server
function that allows them to locally handle any DHCPv6 requests
initiated by hosts.
Since the MAP configuration information is stored in AAA servers and
user configuration is mainly through DHCPv6 protocol between BNGs and
hosts/CEs, new RADIUS attributes are needed to propagate the
information from AAA servers to BNGs. The MAP RADIUS attribute are
designed following the simplify principle, while providing enough
information to form the correspondent DHCPv6 MAP option.
[I-D.mdt-softwire-map-dhcp-option].
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC2119 [RFC2119].
The terms MAP CE and MAP Border Relay are defined in
[I-D.ietf-softwire-map].
3. MAP Configuration process with RADIUS
The below Figure 1 illustrates how the RADIUS protocol and DHCPv6
cooperate to provide MAP CE with MAP configuration information.
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MAP CE BNG AAA Server
| | |
|------DHCPv6 Solicit----->| |
|(Option Request w/ MAP option) |
| |--Access-Request(MAP Attr)-->|
| | |
| |<--Access-Accept(MAP Attr)---|
|<---DHCPv6 Advertisement--| |
| | |
|------DHCPv6 Request---->| |
| (MAP Option) | |
|<---- -DHCPv6 Reply-------| |
| (MAP option) | |
| | |
DHCPv6 RADIUS
Figure 1: the cooperation between DHCPv6 and RADIUS
combining with RADIUS authentication
BNGs act as a RADIUS client and as a DHCPv6 server. First, the MAP CE
MAY initiate a DHCPv6 Solicit message that includes an Option Request
option (6) [RFC3315] with the MAP option
[draft-ietf-softwire-map-dhcp] from the MAP CE. But note that the ORO
(Option Request option) with the MAP option could be optional if the
network was planned as MAP-enabled as default. When BNG receives the
SOLICIT, it SHOULD initiates radius Access-Request message, in which
the User-Name attribute (1) SHOULD be filled by the MAP CE MAC
address, to the RADIUS server and the User-password attribute (2)
SHOULD be filled by the shared MAP password that has been
preconfigured on the DHCPv6 server, requesting authentication as
defined in [RFC2865] with MAP-Configuration attribute, defined in the
next Section. If the authentication request is approved by the AAA
server, an Access-Accept message MUST be acknowledged with the IPv6-
MAP-Configuration Attribute. After receiving the Access-Accept
message with MAP-Configuration Attribute, the BNG SHOULD respond the
user an Advertisement message. Then the user can requests for a MAP
Option, the BNG SHOULD reply the user with the message containing the
MAP option. The recommended format of the MAC address is as defined
in Calling-Station-Id (Section 3.20 in [RFC3580]) without the SSID
(Service Set Identifier) portion.
Figure 2 describes another scenario, in which the authorization
operation is not coupled with authentication. Authorization relevant
to MAP is done independently after the authentication process. As
similar to above scenario, the ORO with the MAP option in the initial
DHCPv6 request could be optional if the network was planned as MAP-
enabled as default.
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MAP CE BNG AAA Server
| | |
|------DHCPv6 Request---->| |
|(Option Request w/ MAP option) |
| |--Access-Request(MAP Attr)-->|
| | |
| |<--Access-Accept(MAP Attr)---|
| | |
|<-----DHCPv6 Reply--------| |
| (MAP option) | |
| | |
DHCPv6 RADIUS
Figure 2: the cooperation between DHCPv6 and RADIUS
decoupled with RADIUS authentication
In the abovementioned scenario, the Access-Request packet SHOULD
contain a Service-Type attribute (6) with the value Authorize Only
(17); thus, according to [RFC5080], the Access-Request packet MUST
contain a State attribute that obtained from the previous
authentication process.
In both above-mentioned scenarios, Message-authenticator (type 80)
[RFC2865] SHOULD be used to protect both Access-Request and Access-
Accept messages.
After receiving the MAP-Configuration Attribute in the initial
Access-Accept, the BNG SHOULD store the received MAP configuration
parameters locally. When the MAP CE sends a DHCPv6 Request message to
request an extension of the lifetimes for the assigned address, the
BNG does not have to initiate a new Access-Request towards the AAA
server to request the MAP configuration parameters. The BNG could
retrieve the previously stored MAP configuration parameters and use
them in its reply.
If the BNG does not receive the MAP-Configuration Attribute in the
Access-Accept it MAY fallback to a pre-configured default MAP
configuration, if any. If the BNG does not have any pre-configured
default MAP configuration or if the BNG receives an Access-Reject,
the tunnel cannot be established.
As specified in [RFC3315], section 18.1.4, "Creation and Transmission
of Rebind Messages ", if the DHCPv6 server to which the DHCPv6 Renew
message was sent at time T1 has not responded by time T2, the MAP CE
(DHCPv6 client) SHOULD enters the Rebind state and attempt to contact
any available server. In this situation, the secondary BNG receiving
the DHCPv6 message MUST initiate a new Access-Request towards the AAA
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server. The secondary BNG MAY include the MAP-Configuration Attribute
in its Access-Request.
4. Attributes
This section defines MAP-Rule Attribute which is used in the MAP
scenario. The attribute design follows [RFC6158] and referring to [I-
D.ietf-radext-radius-extensions].
The MAP RADIUS attribute are designed following the simplify
principle. The sub options are organized into two categories: the
necessary and the optional.
4.1. MAP-Configuration Attribute
The MAP-Configuration Attribute is structured as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| |
+ MAP Rule Option(s) +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
TBD
Length
2 + the length of the Rule option(s)
MAP Rule Option (s)
A variable field that may contains one or more Rule option(s),
defined in Section 4.2.
4.2. MAP Rule Options
Depending on deployment scenario, one Default Mapping rule and zero
or more other type Mapping Rules MUST be included in one
MAP-Configuration Attribute.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +
| |
+ Sub Options +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type
1 Basic Mapping Rule (Not Forwarding Mapping Rule)
2 Forwarding Mapping Rule (Not Basic Mapping Rule)
3 Default Mapping Rule
4 Basic & Forwarding Mapping Rule
Length
2 + the length of the sub options
Sub Option
A variable field that contains necessary sub options defined in
Section 4.3 and zero or several optional sub options, defined
in Section 4.4.
4.3. Sub Options for MAP Rule Option
The sub options do not include EA-Len Embedded-Address length ,
because it can be calculated by the combine of prefix4len, prefix6-
len, PSID and offset bits.
4.3.1. Rule-IPv6-Prefix Sub Option
The Rule-IPv6-Prefix Sub Option is necessary for every MAP Rule
option. It should appear for once and only once.
The IPv6 Prefix sub option is follow the framed IPv6 prefix designed
in [RFC3162].
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SubType | SubLen | Reserved | prefix6-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| rule-ipv6-prefix |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
SubType
1 (SubType number, for the Rule-IPv6-Prefix6 sub option)
SubLen
20 (the length of the Rule-IPv6-Prefix6 sub option)
Reserved
Reserved for future usage. It should be set to all zero.
prefix6-len
length of the IPv6 prefix, specified in the rule-ipv6-prefix
field, expressed in bits
rule-ipv6-prefix
a 128-bits field that specifies an IPv6 prefix that appears in
a MAP rule
"For the encapsulation mode the Rule IPv6 prefix can be the full IPv6
address of the BR." [I-D.ietf-softwire-map]
4.3.2. Rule-IPv4-Prefix Sub Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SubType | SubLen | Reserved | prefix4-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| rule-ipv4-prefix |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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SubType
2 (SubType number, for the Rule-IPv4-Prefix6 sub option)
SubLen
8 (the length of the Rule-IPv4-Prefix6 sub option)
Reserved
Reserved for future usage. It should be set to all zero.
Prefix4-len
length of the IPv6 prefix, specified in the rule-ipv6-prefix
field, expressed in bits
rule-ipv4-prefix
a 32-bits field that specifies an IPv4 prefix that appears in
a MAP rule
4.3.3. Encapsulation/Translation Flag Sub Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SubType | SubLen | E/T Flag |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
SubType
3 (SubType number, for the E/T flag sub option)
SubLen
4 (the length of the E/T flag sub option)
E/T Flag
indicate the MAP transport mode: encapsulation or translation.
all 0 for encapsulation, all 1 for translation.
If this sub option is not present, the default is to be assumed as
encapsulation mode.
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4.3.4. PSID Sub Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SubType | SubLen | PSID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
SubType
4 (SubType number, for the PSID Sub Option sub option)
SubLen
4 (the length of the PSID Sub Option sub option)
PSID (Port-set ID)
Explicit 16-bit (unsigned word) PSID value. The PSID value
algorithmically identifies a set of ports assigned to a CE. The
first k-bits on the left of this 2-octets field is the PSID
value. The remaining (16-k) bits on the right are padding zeros.
4.3.5. PSID Length Sub Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SubType | SubLen | PSID-len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
SubType
5 (SubType number, for the PSID Length sub option)
SubLen
4 (the length of the PSID Length sub option)
PSID-len
Bit length value of the number of significant bits in the PSID
field. (also known as 'k'). When set to 0, the PSID field is to
be ignored. After the first 'a' bits, there are k bits in the
port number representing valid of PSID. Subsequently, the
address sharing ratio would be 2 ^k.
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4.3.6. PSID Offset Sub Option
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SubType | SubLen | PSID Offset |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
SubType
6 (SubType number, for the PSID Offset sub option)
SubLen
4 (the length of the PSID Offset sub option)
PSID Offset
4 bits long field that specifies the numeric value for the MAP
algorithm's excluded port range/offset bits (A-bits), as per
section 5.1.1 in [I-D.ietf-softwire-map]. Default must be set
to 4.
4.4. Table of attributes
The following table provides a guide to which attributes may be found
in which kinds of packets, and in what quantity.
Request Accept Reject Challenge Accounting # Attribute
Request
0-1 0-1 0 0 0-1 TBD1 MAP-
Configuration
0-1 0-1 0 0 0-1 1 User-Name
0-1 0 0 0 0-1 2 User-Password
0-1 0-1 0 0 0-1 6 Service-Type
0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 80 Message-Authenticator
The following table defines the meaning of the above table entries.
0 This attribute MUST NOT be present in packet.
0+ Zero or more instances of this attribute MAY be present in
packet.
0-1 Zero or one instance of this attribute MAY be present in
packet.
1 Exactly one instance of this attribute MUST be present in
packet.
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5. Diameter Considerations
This attribute is usable within either RADIUS or Diameter [RFC6733].
Since the Attributes defined in this document will be allocated from
the standard RADIUS type space, no special handling is required by
Diameter entities.
6. Security Considerations
In MAP scenarios, both CE and BNG are within a provider network,
which can be considered as a closed network and a lower security
threat environment. A similar consideration can be applied to the
RADIUS message exchange between BNG and the AAA server.
Known security vulnerabilities of the RADIUS protocol are discussed
in RFC 2607 [RFC2607], RFC 2865 [RFC2865], and RFC 2869 [RFC2869].
Use of IPsec [RFC4301] for providing security when RADIUS is carried
in IPv6 is discussed in RFC 3162 [RFC3162].
A malicious user may use MAC address proofing and/or dictionary
attack on the shared MAP password that has been preconfigured on the
DHCPv6 server to get unauthorized MAP configuration information.
Security considerations for MAP specific between MAP CE and BNG are
discussed in [I-D.ietf-softwire-map]. Furthermore, generic DHCPv6
security mechanisms can be applied DHCPv6 intercommunication between
MAP CE and BNG.
Security considerations for the Diameter protocol are discussed in
[RFC6733].
7. IANA Considerations
This document requires the assignment of two new RADIUS Attributes
Types in the "Radius Types" registry (currently located at
http://www.iana.org/assignments/radius-types for the following
attributes:
o MAP-Configuration TBD1
IANA should allocate the numbers from the standard RADIUS Attributes
space using the "IETF Review" policy [RFC5226].
8. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank for valuable comments from Peter
Lothberg, Wojciech Dec, and Suresh Krishnan .etc.
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9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2865] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson,
"Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC
2865, June 2000.
[RFC3162] Aboba, B., Zorn, G., and D. Mitton, "RADIUS and IPv6", RFC
3162, August 2001.
[RFC3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C., and
M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[RFC5080] Nelson, D. and DeKok A., "Common Remote Authentication Dial
In User Service (RADIUS) Implementation Issues and
Suggested Fixes", RFC 5080, December 2007.
[RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC 5226, May 2008.
[RFC6158] DeKok, A. and G. Weber, "RADIUS Design Guidelines", RFC
6158, March 2011.
[RFC6733] V. Fajardo, Ed., J. Arkko, J. Loughney, G. Zorn, Ed.,
"Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 6733, October 2012.
[I-D.ietf-softwire-map]
O. Troan, et al., "Mapping of Address and Port (MAP)",
draft-ietf-softwire-map, working in progress.
[I-D.mdt-softwire-map-dhcp-option]
T. Mrugalski, et al., "DHCPv6 Options for Mapping of
Address and Port", draft-mdt-softwire-map-dhcp-option,
working in progress.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC2607] Aboba, B. and J. Vollbrecht, "Proxy Chaining and Policy
Implementation in Roaming", RFC 2607, June 1999.
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[RFC2869] Rigney, C., Willats, W., and P. Calhoun, "RADIUS
Extensions", RFC 2869, June 2000.
[I-D.ietf-radext-radius-extensions]
DeKok, A. and A. Lior, "Remote Authentication Dial In User
Service (RADIUS) Protocol Extensions", draft-ietf-radext-
radius-extensions, work in process.
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Author's Addresses
Sheng Jiang
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Huawei Building, 156 Beiqing Rd.
Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100095
P.R. China
Email: jiangsheng@huawei.com
Yu Fu
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Huawei Building, 156 Beiqing Rd.
Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100095
P.R. China
Email: eleven.fuyu@huawei.com
Bing Liu
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Huawei Building, 156 Beiqing Rd.
Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100095
P.R. China
Email: leo.liubing@huawei.com
Peter Deacon
IEA Software, Inc.
P.O. Box 1170
Veradale, WA 99037
USA
EMail: peterd@iea-software.com
