Internet DRAFT - draft-josefsson-pkix-eddsa

draft-josefsson-pkix-eddsa







Network Working Group                                       S. Josefsson
Internet-Draft                                                    SJD AB
Intended status: Informational                      N. Mavrogiannopoulos
Expires: April 14, 2016                                    Red Hat, Inc.
                                                        October 12, 2015


    Using EdDSA with Ed25519/Ed448 in the Internet X.509 Public Key
                             Infrastructure
                     draft-josefsson-pkix-eddsa-04

Abstract

   This document specify algorithm identifiers and ASN.1 encoding
   formats for EdDSA digital signatures and subject public keys used in
   the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKIX) for Certificates
   and CRLs.  Parameters for Ed25519, Ed25519ph, Ed448, and Ed448ph are
   defined.

Status of This Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 14, 2016.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of



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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Requirements Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   3.  Subject Public Key Information Fields . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  EdDSA Public Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   5.  Key Usage Bits  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   6.  EdDSA Signatures  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  Human Readable Algorithm Names  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   8.  Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     8.1.  Example Ed25519ph Public Key  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     8.2.  Example Ed25519ph Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     8.3.  Example Ed25519ph Private Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   9.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10

1.  Introduction

   In [I-D.irtf-cfrg-eddsa] the elliptic curve signature system EdDSA is
   described and recommended choice of curves Ed25519/Ed448 are chosen.
   For each curve, two modes are defined, the PureEdDSA mode without
   pre-hashing (Ed25519 and Ed448), and the HashEdDSA mode with pre-
   hashing (Ed25519ph and Ed448ph).

   This RFC defines ASN.1 object identifiers for EdDSA for use in the
   Internet X.509 PKI [RFC5280], and parameters for Ed25519, Ed25519ph,
   Ed448 and Ed448ph.  This document serves a similar role as [RFC3279]
   does for RSA (and more), [RFC4055] for RSA-OAEP/PSS, and [RFC5758]
   for SHA2-based (EC)DSA.

2.  Requirements Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].








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3.  Subject Public Key Information Fields

   In the X.509 certificate, the subjectPublicKeyInfo field has the
   SubjectPublicKeyInfo type, which has the following ASN.1 syntax:

        SubjectPublicKeyInfo  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
          algorithm         AlgorithmIdentifier,
          subjectPublicKey  BIT STRING
        }

   The fields in SubjectPublicKeyInfo have the following meanings:

   o  algorithm is the algorithm identifier and parameters for the
      public key (see below).

   o  subjectPublicKey is the EdDSA public key.

   The AlgorithmIdentifier type, which is included for convenience, is
   defined as follows:

         AlgorithmIdentifier  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
           algorithm   OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
           parameters  ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL
         }

   The fields in AlgorithmIdentifier have the following meanings:

   o  algorithm identifies the cryptographic algorithm with an object
      identifier.  This is the EdDSA OID defined below.

   o  parameters, which are optional, are the associated parameters for
      the algorithm identifier in the algorithm field.

4.  EdDSA Public Keys

   Certificates conforming to [RFC5280] may convey a public key for any
   public key algorithm.  The certificate indicates the algorithm
   through an algorithm identifier.  This algorithm identifier is an OID
   and optionally associated parameters.

   This section identify the OID and parameters for the EdDSA algorithm.
   Conforming CAs MUST use the identified OIDs when issuing certificates
   containing EdDSA public keys.  Conforming applications supporting
   EdDSA MUST, at a minimum, recognize the OID identified in this
   section.

   The id-EdDSAPublicKey OID is used for identifying EdDSA public keys.




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          id-EdDSAPublicKey OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { 1 3 101 100 }

   The id-EdDSAPublicKey OID is intended to be used in the algorithm
   field of a value of type AlgorithmIdentifier.

   EdDSA public keys use the parameter field to specify the particular
   instantiation of EdDSA parameters.  The parameters field have the
   ASN.1 type EdDSAParameters as follows.

       EdDSAParameters ::= ENUMERATED { ed25519   (1),
                                        ed25519ph (2) }
                                        ed448     (3) }
                                        ed448ph   (4) }

   The EdDSAParameters enumeration may be extended in the future.

   The "ed25519" and "ed448" values correspond to the PureEdDSA
   variants, and the "ed25519ph" and "ed448ph" values correspond to the
   HashEdDSA variants, as discussed in [I-D.irtf-cfrg-eddsa].

   The raw binary EdDSA public key is encoded directly in the
   subjectPublicKey BIT STRING object.  Note that unlike some other
   schemes, there is no additional OCTET STRING encoding step.

5.  Key Usage Bits

   The intended application for the key MAY be indicated in the keyUsage
   certificate extension.

   If the keyUsage extension is present in an end-entity certificate
   that conveys an EdDSA public key with the id-EdDSAPublicKey object
   identifier, then the keyUsage extension MUST contain one or both of
   the following values:

          nonRepudiation; and
          digitalSignature.

   If the keyUsage extension is present in a certification authority
   certificate that conveys an EdDSA public key with the id-
   EdDSAPublicKey object identifier, then the keyUsage extension MUST
   contain one or more of the following values:

          nonRepudiation;
          digitalSignature;
          keyCertSign; and
          cRLSign.





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6.  EdDSA Signatures

   Certificates and CRLs conforming to [RFC5280] may be signed with any
   public key signature algorithm.  The certificate or CRL indicates the
   algorithm through an algorithm identifier which appears in the
   signatureAlgorithm field within the Certificate or CertificateList.
   This algorithm identifier is an OID and has optionally associated
   parameters.  For illustration the Certificate structure is reproduced
   here:

      Certificate  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
           tbsCertificate       TBSCertificate,
           signatureAlgorithm   AlgorithmIdentifier,
           signatureValue       BIT STRING  }

   Recall the definition of the AlgorithmIdentifier type:

         AlgorithmIdentifier  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
           algorithm   OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
           parameters  ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL
         }

   This document identify an AlgorithmIdentifier OID for EdDSA
   signatures.  No parameters are defined.  The EdDSA parameters follow
   from the public-key parameters.

   The data to be signed is prepared for EdDSA.  Then, a private key
   operation is performed to generate the signature value.  This value
   is the opaque value ENC(R) || ENC(S) described in section 3.3 of
   [I-D.irtf-cfrg-eddsa].  This signature value is then ASN.1 encoded as
   a BIT STRING and included in the Certificate or CertificateList in
   the signatureValue field.

   The id-EdDSASignature OID is used for identifying EdDSA signatures.

          id-EdDSASignature OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { 1 3 101 101 }

   The id-EdDSASignature OID is intended to be used in the algorithm
   field of a value of type AlgorithmIdentifier.  The parameters field
   MUST be absent.  To further clarify how to encode the parameters
   field, due to historical misunderstandings in this area, it MUST NOT
   have an ASN.1 type NULL.

7.  Human Readable Algorithm Names

   For the purpose of consistent cross-implementation naming this
   section establish human readable names for the algorithms specified
   in this document.  Implementations SHOULD use these names when



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   referring to the algorithms.  If there is a strong reason to deviate
   from these names -- for example, if the implementation has a
   different naming convention and wants to maintain internal
   consistency -- it is encouraged to deviate as little as possible from
   the names given here.

   Use the string "EdDSA" when referring to a public key or signature
   when the parameter set is not known or relevant.

   When the EdDSAParameters value is known, use a more specific string.
   For the ed25519(1) value use the string "Ed25519".  For the
   ed25519ph(2) value use the string "Ed25519ph".  For ed448(3) use
   "Ed448".  For ed448ph(4) use "Ed448ph".

8.  Examples

   This section contains illustrations of EdDSA public keys and
   certificates, illustrating parameter choices.

8.1.  Example Ed25519ph Public Key

   An example of a Ed25519ph public key:

        Public Key Information:
            Public Key Algorithm: EdDSA
            Algorithm Security Level: High
            Parameters: Ed25519ph

        Public Key Usage:

        Public Key ID: 9b1f5eeded043385e4f7bc623c5975b90bc8bb3b

        -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
        MC0wCAYDK2VkCgECAyEAGb9ECWmEzf6FQbrBZ9w7lshQhqowtrbLDFw4rXAxZuE=
        -----END PUBLIC KEY-----

8.2.  Example Ed25519ph Certificate

   An example of a PKIX certificate using Ed25519ph would be:

      X.509 Certificate Information:
          Version: 3
          Serial Number (hex): 5601474a2a8dc326
          Issuer: CN=Test Ed25519ph certificate
          Validity:
              Not Before: Tue Sep 22 12:19:24 UTC 2015
              Not After: Fri Dec 31 23:59:59 UTC 9999
          Subject: CN=Test Ed25519ph certificate



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          Subject Public Key Algorithm: Ed25519ph
          Algorithm Security Level: High
          Extensions:
              Basic Constraints (critical):
                  Certificate Authority (CA): FALSE
              Key Usage (critical):
                  Digital signature.
              Subject Key Identifier (not critical):
                  9b1f5eeded043385e4f7bc623c5975b90bc8bb3b
          Signature Algorithm: Ed25519ph
          Signature:
              be:9d:f8:b4:19:07:99:c9:04:12:21:e7:85:33:55:76
              b0:5f:29:70:77:bd:69:7a:a6:db:33:fe:c4:f5:3d:79
              d2:ba:77:6d:68:9b:a3:e9:53:bc:a6:56:54:3f:fa:f4
              1c:37:89:4e:c7:43:c0:3b:77:68:5d:98:f6:19:9d:05
      Other Information:
          SHA1 fingerprint:
              a3b75d83a56e127d0728ed8563233cadf943757e
          SHA256 fingerprint:
              cab1d7df29bdf82270d2192997c81f1b333dc37e670d7e88068fbe9dd747da3a
          Public Key ID:
              9b1f5eeded043385e4f7bc623c5975b90bc8bb3b
          Public key's random art:
              +---[Ed25519ph]---+
              |              .  |
              |             o ..|
              |              o.=|
              |          . .  +=|
              |        S  o .+oo|
              |         o  o.++o|
              |        o ...*.o.|
              |         o Eo.oo |
              |          ooo ..o|
              +-----------------+

      -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
      MIIBUTCCAQKgAwIBAgIIVgFHSiqNwyYwBgYEK2VkATAqMSgwJgYDVQQDEx9UZXN0
      IEVkMjU1MTktU0hBNTEyIGNlcnRpZmljYXRlMCAXDTE1MDkyMjEyMTkyNFoYDzk5
      OTkxMjMxMjM1OTU5WjAqMSgwJgYDVQQDEx9UZXN0IEVkMjU1MTktU0hBNTEyIGNl
      cnRpZmljYXRlMC0wCAYDK2VkCgECAyEAGb9ECWmEzf6FQbrBZ9w7lshQhqowtrbL
      DFw4rXAxZuGjQDA+MAwGA1UdEwEB/wQCMAAwDwYDVR0PAQH/BAUDAweAADAdBgNV
      HQ4EFgQUmx9e7e0EM4Xk97xiPFl1uQvIuzswBgYEK2VkAQNBAL6d+LQZB5nJBBIh
      54UzVXawXylwd71peqbbM/7E9T150rp3bWibo+lTvKZWVD/69Bw3iU7HQ8A7d2hd
      mPYZnQU=
      -----END CERTIFICATE-----






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8.3.  Example Ed25519ph Private Key

   An example of a Ed25519ph private key:

      Public Key Info:
          Public Key Algorithm: EdDSA
          Key Security Level: High

      parameters:    Ed25519ph
      private key:
          d4:ee:72:db:f9:13:58:4a:d5:b6:d8:f1:f7:69:f8:ad
          3a:fe:7c:28:cb:f1:d4:fb:e0:97:a8:8f:44:75:58:42

      x:
          19:bf:44:09:69:84:cd:fe:85:41:ba:c1:67:dc:3b:96
          c8:50:86:aa:30:b6:b6:cb:0c:5c:38:ad:70:31:66:e1


      Public Key ID: 9B:1F:5E:ED:ED:04:33:85:E4:F7:BC:62:3C:59:75:B9:0B:C8:BB:3B
      Public key's random art:
      +---[Ed25519ph]---+
      |              .  |
      |             o ..|
      |              o.=|
      |          . .  +=|
      |        S  o .+oo|
      |         o  o.++o|
      |        o ...*.o.|
      |         o Eo.oo |
      |          ooo ..o|
      +-----------------+

      -----BEGIN EDDSA PRIVATE KEY-----
      MCUKAQEEINTuctv5E1hK1bbY8fdp+K06/nwoy/HU++CXqI9EdVhC
      -----END EdDSA PRIVATE KEY-----

9.  Acknowledgements

   Text and/or inspiration were drawn from [RFC5280], [RFC3279],
   [RFC4055], [RFC5480], and [RFC5639].

   The following people discussed the document and provided feedback:
   Klaus Hartke, Ilari Liusvaara, Erwann Abalea, Rick Andrews, Rob
   Stradling, James Manger.

   A big thank you to Symantec for kindly donating the OIDs used in this
   draft.




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10.  IANA Considerations

   None.

11.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations of [RFC5280] and [I-D.irtf-cfrg-eddsa]
   apply accordingly.

   A common misconception may be that a Ed25519 public key can be used
   to create Ed25519ph signatures, or vice versa.  This leads to cross-
   key attacks, and is not permitted.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.irtf-cfrg-eddsa]
              Josefsson, S. and I. Liusvaara, "Edwards-curve Digital
              Signature Algorithm (EdDSA)", draft-irtf-cfrg-eddsa-00
              (work in progress), October 2015.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC5280]  Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
              Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC3279]  Bassham, L., Polk, W., and R. Housley, "Algorithms and
              Identifiers for the Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 3279, April 2002.

   [RFC4055]  Schaad, J., Kaliski, B., and R. Housley, "Additional
              Algorithms and Identifiers for RSA Cryptography for use in
              the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate
              and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC 4055,
              June 2005.

   [RFC5480]  Turner, S., Brown, D., Yiu, K., Housley, R., and T. Polk,
              "Elliptic Curve Cryptography Subject Public Key
              Information", RFC 5480, March 2009.





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   [RFC5639]  Lochter, M. and J. Merkle, "Elliptic Curve Cryptography
              (ECC) Brainpool Standard Curves and Curve Generation", RFC
              5639, March 2010.

   [RFC5758]  Dang, Q., Santesson, S., Moriarty, K., Brown, D., and T.
              Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure:
              Additional Algorithms and Identifiers for DSA and ECDSA",
              RFC 5758, January 2010.

Authors' Addresses

   Simon Josefsson
   SJD AB

   Email: simon@josefsson.org


   Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos
   Red Hat, Inc.

   Email: nmav@redhat.com






























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