Internet DRAFT - draft-lehmann-idmefv2

draft-lehmann-idmefv2







Network Working Group                                         G. Lehmann
Internet-Draft                                          Telecom SudParis
Obsoletes: 4765 (if approved)                            11 October 2023
Intended status: Standards Track                                        
Expires: 13 April 2024


   The Incident Detection Message Exchange Format version 2 (IDMEFv2)
                        draft-lehmann-idmefv2-02

Abstract

   The Incident Detection Message Exchange Format version 2 (IDMEFv2)
   defines a date representation for security incidents detected on
   cyber and/or physical infrastructures.

   The format is agnostic so it can be used in standalone or combined
   cyber (SIEM), physical (PSIM) and availability (NMS) monitoring
   systems.  IDMEFv2 can also be used to represent man made or natural
   hazards threats.

   IDMEFv2 improves situational awareness by facilitating correlation of
   multiple types of events using the same base format thus enabling
   efficient detection of complex and combined cyber and physical
   attacks and incidents.

   If approved this draft will obsolete RFC4765.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 13 April 2024.







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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
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   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  IDMEFv2 deployment architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     1.2.  IDMEFv1 (Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format) - RFC
           4765 - Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     1.3.  Relationship between IDMEFv2 and other event/incident
           formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.1.  Keywords  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.2.  Normative sections  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.3.  Concepts related to event processing  . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.1.  Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.2.  Incident  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.3.  Alert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.4.  Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.5.  Operator  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.6.  Analyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
       2.3.7.  Attack  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       2.3.8.  Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       2.3.9.  Aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   3.  The IDMEF Data Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.1.  Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.2.  Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       3.2.1.  Integers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
       3.2.2.  Floating-point values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     3.3.  Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.1.  Enumerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.2.  Timestamps  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       3.3.3.  Geographical Locations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.3.4.  UNECE Location Codes (UN/LOCODE)  . . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.3.5.  Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) . . . . . . . . .  10
       3.3.6.  IP Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.3.7.  E-mail addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11



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       3.3.8.  Attachment names  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       3.3.9.  Media types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       3.3.10. Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)  . . . . . . .  12
       3.3.11. Protocol Names  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       3.3.12. IDMEF Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       3.3.13. Hashes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     3.4.  Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
   4.  The IDMEF extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     4.1.  Extending the Enumerated Values of Attributes . . . . . .  14
       4.1.1.  Private Extension of Enumerated Values  . . . . . . .  15
       4.1.2.  Public Extension of Enumerated Values . . . . . . . .  15
     4.2.  Private Extension of Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   5.  The IDMEF Data Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     5.1.  Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     5.2.  The Alert Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     5.3.  The Analyzer Class  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
     5.4.  The Sensor Class  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
     5.5.  The Source Class  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
     5.6.  The Target Class  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     5.7.  The Vector Class  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
     5.8.  The Attachment Class  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
     5.9.  The JavaScript Object Notation Serialization Method . . .  50
     5.10. Attributes completeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
   8.  Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  60
   9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  61
     9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  62
   Appendix A.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  63
     A.1.  Physical intrusion  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  63
     A.2.  Cyberattack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65
     A.3.  Server outage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  66
     A.4.  Combined incident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  67
   Appendix B.  JSON Validation Schema (Non-normative) . . . . . . .  69
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86

1.  Introduction

   The Incident Detection Message Exchange Format (IDMEF) is intended to
   solve the problem of security monitoring compartmentalization by
   proposing a single format to represent any type of incident, whether
   cyber or physical, intentional or accidental, natural or man-made.

   Indeed security is often associated to the Confidentiality-Integrity-
   Availability triad, performance and availability management systems
   are still run independently from security management systems.




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   Additionally, with the adoption and integration of Internet of Things
   (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices, and the
   exponential emergence of smart systems (transport, cities, buildings,
   etc), an increasingly interconnected mesh of cyber-physical systems
   (CPS) has emerged.  This expansion of the attack and incident
   surfaces blurs the once-clear functions of cybersecurity and physical
   security.

   Finally, as IT infrastructure moves out of data centers it becomes
   more exposed to external threats, including natural and man-made
   hazards,

   Incident detection systems have traditionally focused on detecting
   cyber incidents or physical incident or availability incidents.
   There is an increasing need nowadays to have a unified view and
   management of all those incidents and their interconnection.

   To achieve this goal the Incident Detection Message Exchange Format
   offers a unique data representation for multiple types of events:

   *  Cyber-security events (e.g. authentication failure/success, virus/
      malware detection, bruteforce/scan detection, etc.)

   *  Physical security events (e.g. intrusion detection, object
      detection, face or activity recognition, fire/smoke/noise/rain
      detection, etc.)

   *  Availability/observability/performance events (e.g. system
      failure, service malfunction, performance decrease, etc.)

   *  Natural and man made hazards events (e.g. wildfires, avalanches,
      droughts, earthquakes, pollution, fire, explosion, etc.)

1.1.  IDMEFv2 deployment architecture

   IDMEFv2 can be used to exchange incident detection information
   between specialized managers (SIEM, PSIM, NMS) and a universal "Cyber
   & Physical SIEM" (CPSIEM) or directly from specialized analyzers and
   a CPSIEM.












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                        +-----------------------------+    +---------+
                        |    "Universal" CPSIEM       |<---| Hazards |
                        +-----------------------------+    +---------+
                            |          |         |
                         +------+   +-----+   +------+
         Managers        | PSIM |   | NMS |   | SIEM |
                         +------+   +-----+   +------+
                            |          |         |
                        +--------+ +----------+ +-----+
     Analyzers/Sensors  |Physical| |Monitoring| |Cyber|
                        +--------+ +----------+ +-----+
                            |           |          |
                       +-------------------------------+
                       |    Cyber & Physical System    |
                       +-------------------------------+

                      Figure 1: IDMEF Use Architecture

   Thanks to its universality IDMEFv2 improves situational awareness by
   enabling correlation of multiple types of events using the same base
   format.

   This document defines a model serialization methodes for the purpose
   of describing and sharing these events.

1.2.  IDMEFv1 (Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format) - RFC 4765 -
      Legacy

   IDMEFv2 (Incident Detection Message Exchange Format) is based on
   IDMEFv1 (Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format) concepts.  But
   IDMEFv1 was cyber intrusion focused as IDMFv2 perimeter is much
   larger.  Thus retro-compatibility although partly possible has not
   been a priority.

1.3.  Relationship between IDMEFv2 and other event/incident formats

   IDMEFv2 focuses essentialy on high level event/incident correlation
   and detection.There are many standard and proprietary formats on the
   incident detection market and in particular on the cybersecurity
   market.  IDMEFv2 is complementary to most of these formats.

   IDMEFv1 (Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format - RFC 4765) :
   IDMEFv2 (Incident Detection) replaces and obsoletes IDMEFv1
   (Intrusion Detection) by covering a wider spectrum.

   IODEFv2 (Incident Object Definition Exchange Format - RFC 5070) :
   IDMEFv2 helps detect incident.  When an incident is detected it will
   be analysed and eventually fully described and shared with other



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   security teams through IODEFv2.  IODEFv2.  IDMEF is used upstream
   IODEFv2.  IDMEfv2 ALerts can be “attached” to IODEFv2 object to
   provide technical details about incidents.

   Syslog (System Logging) : Syslog is a loosy format with no formal
   structuration.  Syslog can be used by sensors to send information to
   analyzers.  Out of those multi-format syslogs the analyzer might
   detect an incident or an event of interest.  The analyzer will then
   use IDMEFv2 to notify the manager which might correlate this
   information with other datas to confirm the incident.

   SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) : SNMP polls information
   from devices which is then compared to thresholds to detect incident.
   IDMEFv2 can be used when incident is detected downstream of SNMP to
   communicate the incident to the manager.  IDMEFv2 can have a similar
   role as SNMP Traps.

   STIX (Structured Threat Information Expression) : is a language and
   serialization format used to exchange cyber threat intelligence
   (CTI).  IDMEFv2 can help detect incidents which might lead to the
   creation and sharing of STIX information.  Cyber analyzer can also
   rely on STIX information to detect incidents that will be notified in
   IDMEFv2 format.

   SIEM proprietory formats (CEF, LEEF, ECS, CIM, ...) : By covering
   cyber, physical and monitoring incidents type, IDMEFv2 offers a wider
   spectrum than those formats.  Gateways between IDMEFv2 and those
   formats can be developped to connect legacy cyber detection systems
   to an IDMEFv2 architecture.

2.  Terminology

2.1.  Keywords

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2.2.  Normative sections

   Implementations of IDMEFv2 are REQUIRED to fully implement:

   *  The data types defined in Section 3

   *  The data model defined in Section 5

   *  The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) serialization method
      Section 5.9.



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2.3.  Concepts related to event processing

2.3.1.  Event

   An event is something that triggered a notice.  Any incident starts
   off as an event or a combination of events, but not all events result
   in an incident.  An event need not be an indication of wrongdoing.
   E.g. someone successfully logging in or entering a building is an
   event.

2.3.2.  Incident

   An incident is an event that compromises or has a significant
   probability of compromising at least one of the organization's
   security criteria such as Confidentiality, Integrity or Availability.
   An incident may affect a production tool, personnel, etc.  It may be
   logical, physical or organizational in nature.  Last but not least,
   an incident may be caused on purpose or by accident.

2.3.3.  Alert

   An alert is a notification/message that a particular event/incident
   (or series of events/incidents) has occurred.

2.3.4.  Manager

   The manager is the central console toward which all analyzers send
   their alerts.  The manager collects, correlates, stores and display
   the alerts to the operators.

   Example : - A SIEM (Security Information & Event Management) or a Log
   Manager) - A PSIM (Physical Security Information Management) - A NMS
   (Network Management System) - A CPSIEM (Cyber & Physical Security
   Information Management System)

2.3.5.  Operator

   The level 1 operator is in charge of receiving manager notifications
   and identify or confirm when an event should be considered as an
   incident.  The operator must also decide if there is a know
   resolution for this incident or if it needs a deeper analysys.

2.3.6.  Analyst

   The analyst will be contacted by the operator to analyze complex
   incidents that can’t be easily resolved.  The investigation starts
   with the IDMEFv2 information but the analyst might need more
   information like raw logs for a deeper forensics.



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2.3.7.  Attack

   An attack is an attempt to destroy, expose, alter, disable, steal or
   gain unauthorized access to or make unauthorized use of a cyber or
   physical asset.  An attack is one or many kinds of incidents.

2.3.8.  Correlation

   Correlation is the identification of relationships between two or
   more events.

2.3.9.  Aggregation

   Aggregation is the consolidation of similar events into a single
   event.

3.  The IDMEF Data Types

   Each object inside the IDMEF data model has an associated data type.
   This type may be used to validate the content of incoming IDMEF
   messages.

3.1.  Classes

   The classes are meant to group related attributes together.  Some of
   the classes may be instanciated multiple times (e.g.  Source, Target,
   etc.) while others may only appear once in an IDMEF message (e.g.
   Analyzer).

3.2.  Numbers

3.2.1.  Integers

   Integers inside the IDMEF data model are expressed using the
   following ABNF [RFC5234] grammar:

   integer         =  *1minus int
   int             =  zero / ( digit1-9 *DIGIT )
   minus           =  %x2D                           ; -
   zero            =  %0x30                          ; 0
   digit1-9        =  %x31-39                        ; 1-9

   E.g. 123.

   Such values are indicated with the "INT" type annotation in the
   model.





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3.2.2.  Floating-point values

   Floating-point values inside the IDMEF data model are expressed using
   the following ABNF grammar:

   float           =  integer *1frac
   frac            =  decimal-point 1*DIGIT
   decimal-point   =  %x2E                            ; .

   This grammar reuses some of the production rules listed in
   Section 3.2.1.

   E.g. 12.34.

   Such values are indicated with the "FLOAT" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.  Strings

   Strings are series of characters from the [UNICODE] standard and are
   used to represent a text.

   For readability, this document uses quotes (") to delimit strings,
   but please note that these quotes are not syntactically part of the
   actual strings.

   E.g.  "Hello world".

   Some of the strings used in the IDMEFv2 data model follow a stricter
   syntax.  These are included below for completeness.

   Such values are indicated with the "STRING" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.1.  Enumerations

   Enumerations are special strings used when valid values for an IDMEF
   attribute are restricted to those present in a predefined list.

   Such values are indicated with the "ENUM" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.2.  Timestamps

   Timestamps are used to indicate a specific moment in time.  The
   timestamps used in the IDMEF data model follow the syntax defined by
   the "date-time" production rule of the grammar in [RFC3339] ch 5.6.




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   E.g. "1985-04-12T23:59:59.52Z" represents a moment just before April
   5th, 1985 in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

   Such values are indicated with the "TIMESTAMP" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.3.  Geographical Locations

   Some attributes inside the IDMEF data model may refer to geographical
   locations using a set of coordinates.  The reference system for all
   geographical coordinates is a geographic coordinate reference system,
   using the World Geodetic System 1984 [WGS84].  The reference system
   used is the same as for the Global Positioning System (GPS).

   The format for such values can be either "latitude,longitude" or
   "latitude,longitude,altitude".  Each of these coordinates is
   represented as a floating-point value.  The latitude and longitude
   are expressed in degrees while the altitude is expressed in meters.

   E.g. "48.8584,2.2945,276.13" matches the (3-dimensional) geographical
   location for the top floor or the Eiffel Tower located in Paris,
   France, while "48.8584,2.2945" matches the same location in two
   dimensions (with the altitude removed).

   Such values are indicated with the "GEOLOC" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.4.  UNECE Location Codes (UN/LOCODE)

   Some attributes inside the IDMEF data model may refer to geographical
   locations using Locations Codes.  These codes can be assimilated to
   an enumeration, where the list of possible values is defined in the
   United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Codes for Trade
   [UN-LOCODE].

   E.g.  "FR PAR" is the Location Code for the city of Paris, France.

   Such values are indicated with the "UNLOCODE" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.5.  Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)

   The IDMEF data model uses Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), as
   defined in [RFC3986], when referring to external resources.  Unless
   otherwise specified, either a Uniform Resource Location (URL) or a
   Uniform Resource Name (URN) may be used where a URI is expected.





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   E.g. both "https://example.com/resource" and "urn:myapp:resource" are
   valid Uniform Resource Identifiers.

   Such values are indicated with the "URI" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.6.  IP Addresses

   IP addresses inside the IDMEF data model are expressed as strings
   using the traditionnal dotted-decimal notation for IPv4 addresses
   (defined by the "dotnum" production rule in the grammar in
   [RFC5321]), while IPv6 addresses are expressed using the text
   representation defined in [RFC4291] ch 2.2.

   E.g. "192.0.2.1" represents a valid IPv4 address, while "::1/128"
   represents a valid IPv6 address.

   It is RECOMMENDED that implementations follow the recommendations for
   IPv6 text representation stated in [RFC5952].

   Such values are indicated with the "IP" type annotation in the model.

3.3.7.  E-mail addresses

   E-mail addresses inside the IDMEF data model are expressed as strings
   using the address specification syntax defined in [RFC5322] ch 3.4.1.

   E.g. "root@example.com".

   Such values are indicated with the "EMAIL" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.8.  Attachment names

   Attachments inside the IDMEF data model are identified using a unique
   name, composed of a string whose character set is limited to the
   ASCII letters (A-Z a-z) and digits (0-9).

   E.g. "state" is a valid name for an attachment.

   The constraint on name unicity is enforced per class.  That is, but
   it is not possible for two attachments to share the same name inside
   the same alert.

   Such values are indicated with the "ID" type annotation in the model.






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3.3.9.  Media types

   Media types are used in the IDMEF data model to describe an
   attachment's content.  The syntax for such values is defined in
   [RFC2046].

   IANA keeps a list of all currently registered media types in the
   Media Types registry .

   E.g. "application/xml" or "text/plain; charset=utf-8".

   Such values are indicated with the "MEDIATYPE" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.10.  Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)

   Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs) are used to uniquely identify
   IDMEF messages.  It is also possible for an IDMEF message to
   reference other IDMEF messages using their UUIDs.  The syntax for
   UUIDs is defined in [RFC4122].

   To limit the risk of UUID collisions, implementors SHOULD NOT
   generate version 4 UUIDs (randomly or pseudo-randomly generated
   UUIDs).

   E.g. "ba2e4ef4-8719-42bb-a712-d6e8871c5c5a".

   UUIDs are case-insensitive when used in comparisons.

   Such values are indicated with the "UUID" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.11.  Protocol Names

   Such values are indicated with the "PROTOCOL" type annotation in the
   model.

3.3.12.  IDMEF Paths

   This document defines a way to represent the path to every possible
   attribute inside an IDMEF message.  For conciseness, the top-level
   "Alert" class is omitted from the path.

   This representation can be used in contexts where the path to an
   IDMEF attribute is expected.  An example of such usage can be seen in
   the definition of the "AggrCondition" attribute inside the Alert
   class (Section 5.2).




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   The syntax for these IDMEF paths is expressed in the following ABNF
   grammar:

   class-name      =  "Analyzer" / "Sensor" / "Source" / "Target" /
                      "Vector" / "Attachment"
   attribute-name  =  1*ALPHA
   class-reference =  class-name "."
   num             =  *1"-" 1*DIGIT
   list-index      =  "(" num ")"
   path            =  *1class-reference attribute-name *1list-index

   Valid attribute names are limited to those defined for the specified
   class-reference (or in the top-level "Alert" class if class-reference
   is omitted).

   For example, the following path refers to the "CeaseTime" attribute
   of the top-level "Alert" class: "CeaseTime".

   Likewise, the following path refers to the "Name" attribute of the
   "Analyzer" class: "Analyzer.Name".

   For attributes defined as lists (see Section 3.4), the path may
   include the (0-based) index for an entry inside the list.  The index
   defaults to 0 if omitted.  This means that several (valid)
   representations may be used to reference the same IDMEF attribute
   when list attributes are involved.

   For example, both of the following paths refer to the IP address of
   the first source associated with an IDMEF message:

   Source.IP
   Source(0).IP

   Compatible implementations MUST reject paths that reference an
   unknown class, an unknown attribute, or use a list-index for an IDMEF
   field which is not defined as a list.

   A compatible implementation MUST also normalize paths before
   comparing them (e.g. by stripping the text "(0)" from paths referring
   to list attributes).

3.3.13.  Hashes

   Hashes are sometimes used inside the data model to protect the
   integrity (and optionally, authenticity) of attachments.






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   The syntax for these values is "function:hash_result", where
   "function" refers to one of the hashing function names listed in and
   "hash_result" contains the hexadecimal notation for the hash result
   obtained by calling the specified hash function on the input value.

   In the context of IDMEF, either a keyless or keyed hash function may
   be used to process the raw input value.

   E.g. "sha256:a02735ed8b10ad432d557bd4849c0dac3b23d64706e0618716d6df2d
   ef338374"

   Hashes are case-insensitive when used in comparisons.

   Such values are indicated with the "HASH" type annotation in the
   model.

3.4.  Lists

   Some attributes of the IDMEF data model accept ordered lists of
   values.

   Such ordered lists are indicated with the "X[]" type annotation in
   the model.  where "X" refers to one of the data types defined in
   Section 3.  For example, "ENUM[]" refers to an ordered list of
   enumeration values.

4.  The IDMEF extension

   In order to support the dynamic nature of security operations and to
   adapt to specific needs, the IDMEFv2 data model will need to continue
   to evolve.  This section discusses how new data elements can be
   incorporated into the IDMEFv2.  There is support to add additional
   enumerated values and new attributes.

   These extension mechanisms are designed so that adding new data
   elements is possible without requiring modifications to this
   document.  Extensions can be implemented publicly or privately.  With
   proven value, well-documented extensions can be incorporated into
   future versions of the specification.

4.1.  Extending the Enumerated Values of Attributes

   Additional enumerated values can be added to select attributes either
   through the use of specially marked attributes with the "ext-" prefix
   or through a set of corresponding IANA registries.  The former
   approach allows for the extension to remain private.  The latter
   approach is public.




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4.1.1.  Private Extension of Enumerated Values

   The data model supports adding new enumerated values to an attribute
   without public registration.  For each attribute that supports this
   extension technique, there is a corresponding attribute in the same
   element whose name is identical but with a prefix of "ext-".  This
   special attribute is referred to as the extension attribute.  The
   attribute being extended is referred to as an extensible attribute.
   For example, an extensible attribute named "foo" will have a
   corresponding extension attribute named "ext-foo".  An element may
   have many extensible attributes.

   In addition to a corresponding extension attribute, each extensible
   attribute has "ext-value" as one its possible enumerated values.
   Selection of this particular value in an extensible attribute signals
   that the extension attribute contains data.  Otherwise, this "ext-
   value" value has no meaning.

   In order to add a new enumerated value to an extensible attribute,
   the value of this attribute MUST be set to "ext-value", and the new
   desired value MUST be set in the corresponding extension attribute.
   For example, extending the Category attribute of the Analyzer class
   would look as follows:

   Analyzer: {
       ...
       "Category":["ext-value"],
       "ext-Category": "my-new-analyzer-category",
       ....
   }

   A given extension attribute MUST NOT be set unless the corresponding
   extensible attribute has been set to "ext-value".

4.1.2.  Public Extension of Enumerated Values

   The data model also supports publicly extending select enumerated
   attributes.  A new entry can be added by registering a new entry in
   the appropriate IANA registry.  Section (Table 18) provides a mapping
   between the extensible attributes and their corresponding registry.











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4.2.  Private Extension of Attributes

   Use of new attributes is possible through the use of the attachment
   class.  New attributes and their corresponding values should be
   stored in the Content attribute of an Attachment and the
   ContentEnconding must be set to JSON.  For example creating a new
   attribute to store the email of the operator (in charge of solving
   the incident) will look as follows:

   "Attachment" : [
       {
       "Name": "Operator",
       "ContentEnconding": "JSON",
       "Content": "{\"OperatorMail\":\"John.Does@acme.com\"}",
       }
   [

5.  The IDMEF Data Model

   In this section, the individual components of the IDMEF data model
   will be discussed in detail.  For each class, the semantics will be
   described.

5.1.  Overview

                                       +--------+     +-----+
                                       |Analyzer|---> |Alert|
                                       +--------+     +-----+
                                           ||
                                        +------+
                                        |Sensor|
                                        +------+
                          \--------\       /\
                           ) Vector )     /  \
                          /--------/     /    \
              +------+                  +------+
              |Source|                  |Target|
              +------+                  +------+

                     Figure 2: IDMEFv2 Overview Classes

   An IDMEF message is composed of an instance of the Alert class
   (Section 5.2) representing the overall properties of the message.  It
   also contains exactly one instance of the Analyzer class
   (Section 5.3) and zero or more instances of the Sensor class
   (Section 5.4).





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   The message may also describe various aspects of an event using the
   Source (Section 5.5), Target (Section 5.6) and Vector (Section 5.7)
   classes.

   Last but not least, it may also include zero or more instances of the
   Attachment class (Section 5.8), e.g. captured files or network
   packets related to the event for example.

   The relationship between the main Alert class and other classes of
   the data model is shown in Figure 3 (attributes are omitted for
   clarity).

                    +-------+            +-------------
                    | Alert |<>----------|  Analyzer  |
                    +-------+            +------------+
                    |       |       0..* +------------+
                    |       |<>----------|   Sensor   |
                    |       |            +------------+
                    |       |       0..* +------------+
                    |       |<>----------|   Source   |
                    |       |            +------------+
                    |       |       0..* +------------+
                    |       |<>----------|   Target   |
                    |       |            +------------+
                    |       |       0..* +------------+
                    |       |<>----------|   Vector   |
                    |       |            +------------+
                    |       |       0..* +------------+
                    |       |<>----------| Attachment |
                    +-------+            +------------+

                         Figure 3: IDMEFv2 Classes

   It is important to note that the data model does not specify how an
   alert should be categorized or identified.  For example, an attacker
   scanning a network for machines listening on a specific port may be
   identified by one analyzer as a single attack against multiple
   targets, while another analyzer may identify it as multiple attacks
   from a single source.  However, once an analyzer has determined the
   type of alert it plans on sending, the data model dictates how that
   alert should be formatted.

5.2.  The Alert Class

   The Alert class contains high level information about the event that
   triggered the alert.





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                       +---------------------------+
                       |           Alert           |
                       +---------------------------+
                       | STRING      Version       |
                       | UUID        ID            |
                       | STRING      Entity        |
                       | ENUM[]      Category      |
                       | STRING      ext-Category  |
                       | ENUM        Cause         |
                       | STRING      Description   |
                       | ENUM        Status        |
                       | ENUM        Priority      |
                       | FLOAT       Confidence    |
                       | STRING      Note          |
                       | TIMESTAMP   CreateTime    |
                       | TIMESTAMP   StartTime     |
                       | TIMESTAMP   EndTime       |
                       | STRING[]    AltNames      |
                       | STRING[]    AltCategory   |
                       | URI[]       Ref           |
                       | UUID[]      CorrelID      |
                       | CONDITION[] AggrCondition |
                       | UUID[]      PredID        |
                       | UUID[]      RelID         |
                       +---------------------------+

                         Figure 4: The Alert class

   The aggregate classes that make up Alert are:

   Analyzer
      Exactly one.  An instance of the Analyzer class (Section 5.3) that
      describes the tool/device responsible for the analysis that
      resulted in the alert being created and sent.

   Sensor
      Zero or more.  Instances of the Sensor class (Section 5.4) used to
      describe the sensor(s) that captured the information used during
      the analysis.

      Depending on the tools/devices used to detect incidents, an
      Analyzer may rely on the output from a single sensor or from
      multiple sensors to generate alerts.  In addition, the Analyzer
      and Sensor may actually be part of the same physical device and
      may share some of their attributes (e.g.  IP, Hostname, Model,
      etc.).

   Source



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      Zero or more.  Instances of the Source class (Section 5.5) used to
      describe the source(s) of the incident (e.g. attackers, faulty
      device, etc.).

   Target
      Zero or more.  Instances of the Target class (Section 5.6) used to
      describe the target(s) of the incident, i.e. the impacted
      devices/users/services/locations.

   Vector
      Zero or more.  Instances of the Vector class (Section 5.7) used to
      describe the means which were employed by the sources to disrupt
      the targets.

      E.g. to describe a drone crashing into a building and resulting in
      service loss or a malware email delivered opened in a mailbox and
      resulting in service loss.

   Attachment
      Zero or more.  Instances of the Attachment class (Section 5.8)
      used to describe the electronic artifacts captured in relation
      with the event.

      The intent of the Attachment class is to keep track of the
      electronic files left as a trail during the event.  This may
      include things like on-disk files (e.g. malware samples), network
      packet captures, videos or still images from a camera feed, voice
      recording, etc.

   The Alert class has the following attributes:

   Version
      Mandatory.  The version of the IDMEF format in use by this alert.

      During the drafts tuning period the version is equal to the draft
      version.  Therefore it is "2.D.V01" for Draft V01.

   ID
      Mandatory.  Unique identifier for the alert.

   Entity
      Optional.  Tenant ID to support multi-tenancy (e.g. decentralized
      infrastructure, local agency, subsidiary company, etc.).

      Should be used when there are multiple sites/locations or multiple
      tenants (e.g. by Managed Security Services Providers).

   Category



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      Optional.  The incident's category & subcategory as listed in
      [ENISA-RIST] using the format "category.subcategory" (e.g.
      "Attempt.Exploit").

      +======+===========================+=============================+
      | Rank | Keyword                   | Description                 |
      +======+===========================+=============================+
      | 0    | Abusive.Spam              | Or 'Unsolicited Bulk        |
      |      |                           | Email', this means that     |
      |      |                           | the recipient has not       |
      |      |                           | granted verifiable          |
      |      |                           | permission for the message  |
      |      |                           | to be sent and that the     |
      |      |                           | message is sent as part of  |
      |      |                           | a larger collection of      |
      |      |                           | messages, all having a      |
      |      |                           | functionally comparable     |
      |      |                           | content.  This IOC refers   |
      |      |                           | to resources, which make    |
      |      |                           | up a SPAM infrastructure,   |
      |      |                           | be it a harvesters like     |
      |      |                           | address verification, URLs  |
      |      |                           | in spam e-mails etc.        |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 1    | Abusive.Harassment        | Discretization or           |
      |      |                           | discrimination of           |
      |      |                           | somebody, e.g. cyber        |
      |      |                           | stalking, racism or         |
      |      |                           | threats against one or      |
      |      |                           | more individuals.           |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 2    | Abusive.Illicit           | Child Sexual Exploitation   |
      |      |                           | (CSE), Sexual content,      |
      |      |                           | glorification of violence,  |
      |      |                           | etc.                        |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 3    | Malicious.System          | System infected with        |
      |      |                           | malware, e.g.  PC,          |
      |      |                           | smartphone or server        |
      |      |                           | infected with a rootkit.    |
      |      |                           | Most often this refers to   |
      |      |                           | a connection to a           |
      |      |                           | sinkholed C2 server         |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 4    | Malicious.Botnet          | Command-and-control server  |
      |      |                           | contacted by malware on     |
      |      |                           | infected systems.           |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+



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      | 5    | Malicious.Distribution    | URI used for malware        |
      |      |                           | distribution, e.g. a        |
      |      |                           | download URL included in    |
      |      |                           | fake invoice malware spam   |
      |      |                           | or exploit-kits (on         |
      |      |                           | websites).                  |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 6    | Malicious.Configuration   | URI hosting a malware       |
      |      |                           | configuration file, e.g.    |
      |      |                           | web-injects for a banking   |
      |      |                           | trojan.                     |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 7    | Recon.Scanning            | Attacks that send requests  |
      |      |                           | to a system to discover     |
      |      |                           | weaknesses.  This also      |
      |      |                           | includes testing processes  |
      |      |                           | to gather information on    |
      |      |                           | hosts, services and         |
      |      |                           | accounts.  Examples:        |
      |      |                           | fingerd, DNS querying,      |
      |      |                           | ICMP, SMTP (EXPN, RCPT,     |
      |      |                           | ...), port scanning.        |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 8    | Recon.Sniffing            | Observing and recording of  |
      |      |                           | network traffic             |
      |      |                           | (wiretapping).              |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 9    | Recon.SocialEngineering   | Gathering information from  |
      |      |                           | a human being in a non-     |
      |      |                           | technical way (e.g. lies,   |
      |      |                           | tricks, bribes, or          |
      |      |                           | threats).                   |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 10   | Attempt.Exploit           | An attempt to compromise a  |
      |      |                           | system or to disrupt any    |
      |      |                           | service by exploiting       |
      |      |                           | vulnerabilities with a      |
      |      |                           | standardised identifier     |
      |      |                           | such as CVE name (e.g.      |
      |      |                           | buffer overflow, backdoor,  |
      |      |                           | cross site scripting,       |
      |      |                           | etc.)                       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 11   | Attempt.Login             | Multiple login attempts     |
      |      |                           | (Guessing / cracking of     |
      |      |                           | passwords, brute force).    |
      |      |                           | This IOC refers to a        |
      |      |                           | resource, which has been    |



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      |      |                           | observed to perform brute-  |
      |      |                           | force attacks over a given  |
      |      |                           | application protocol.       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 12   | Attempt.NewSignature      | An attack using an unknown  |
      |      |                           | exploit.                    |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 13   | Intrusion.AdminCompromise | Compromise of a system      |
      |      |                           | where the attacker gained   |
      |      |                           | administrative privileges.  |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 14   | Intrusion.UserCompromise  | Compromise of a system      |
      |      |                           | using an unprivileged       |
      |      |                           | (user/service) account.     |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 15   | Intrusion.AppCompromise   | Compromise of an            |
      |      |                           | application by exploiting   |
      |      |                           | (un-)known software         |
      |      |                           | vulnerabilities, e.g.  SQL  |
      |      |                           | injection.                  |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 16   | Intrusion.SysCompromise   | Compromise of a system,     |
      |      |                           | e.g. unauthorised logins    |
      |      |                           | or commands.  This          |
      |      |                           | includes compromising       |
      |      |                           | attempts on honeypot        |
      |      |                           | systems.                    |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 17   | Intrusion.Burglary        | Physical intrusion, e.g.    |
      |      |                           | into corporate building or  |
      |      |                           | data-centre.                |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 18   | Availability.DoS          | Denial of Service attack,   |
      |      |                           | e.g. sending specially      |
      |      |                           | crafted requests to a web   |
      |      |                           | application which causes    |
      |      |                           | the application to crash    |
      |      |                           | or slow down.               |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 19   | Availability.DDoS         | Distributed Denial of       |
      |      |                           | Service attack, e.g.  SYN-  |
      |      |                           | Flood or UDP-based          |
      |      |                           | reflection/amplification    |
      |      |                           | attacks.                    |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 20   | Availability.Misconf      | Software misconfiguration   |
      |      |                           | resulting in service        |
      |      |                           | availability issues, e.g.   |



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      |      |                           | DNS server with outdated    |
      |      |                           | DNSSEC Root Zone KSK.       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 21   | Availability.Theft        | Physical theft, e.g.        |
      |      |                           | stolen laptop computer,     |
      |      |                           | stolen USB key, stolen      |
      |      |                           | paper document, etc.        |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 22   | Availability.Sabotage     | Physical sabotage, e.g      |
      |      |                           | cutting wires or malicious  |
      |      |                           | arson.                      |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 23   | Availability.Outage       | Outage caused e.g. by air   |
      |      |                           | condition failure or        |
      |      |                           | natural disaster.           |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 24   | Availability.Failure      | Failure, malfunction (e.g.  |
      |      |                           | : bug, wear, faults, etc.)  |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 25   | Information.              | Unauthorised access to      |
      |      | UnauthorizedAccess        | information, e.g. by        |
      |      |                           | abusing stolen login        |
      |      |                           | credentials for a system    |
      |      |                           | or application,             |
      |      |                           | intercepting traffic or     |
      |      |                           | gaining access to physical  |
      |      |                           | documents.                  |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 26   | Information.              | Unauthorised modification   |
      |      | UnauthorizedModification  | of information, e.g. by an  |
      |      |                           | attacker abusing stolen     |
      |      |                           | login credentials for a     |
      |      |                           | system or application or a  |
      |      |                           | ransomware encrypting       |
      |      |                           | data.  Also includes        |
      |      |                           | defacements.                |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 27   | Information.DataLoss      | Loss of data, e.g. caused   |
      |      |                           | by harddisk failure or      |
      |      |                           | physical theft.             |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 28   | Information.DataLeak      | Leaked confidential         |
      |      |                           | information like            |
      |      |                           | credentials or personal     |
      |      |                           | data.                       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 29   | Fraud.UnauthorizedUsage   | Using resources for         |
      |      |                           | unauthorised purposes       |



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      |      |                           | including profit-making     |
      |      |                           | ventures, e.g. the use of   |
      |      |                           | e-mail to participate in    |
      |      |                           | illegal profit chain        |
      |      |                           | letters or pyramid          |
      |      |                           | schemes.                    |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 30   | Fraud.Copyright           | Offering or Installing      |
      |      |                           | copies of unlicensed        |
      |      |                           | commercial software or      |
      |      |                           | other copyright protected   |
      |      |                           | materials (Warez).          |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 31   | Fraud.Masquerade          | Type of attack in which     |
      |      |                           | one entity illegitimately   |
      |      |                           | impersonates the identity   |
      |      |                           | of another in order to      |
      |      |                           | benefit from it.            |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 32   | Fraud.Phishing            | Masquerading as another     |
      |      |                           | entity in order to          |
      |      |                           | persuade the user to        |
      |      |                           | reveal private              |
      |      |                           | credentials.  This IOC      |
      |      |                           | most often refers to a      |
      |      |                           | URL, which is used to       |
      |      |                           | phish user credentials.     |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 33   | Vulnerable.Crypto         | Publicly accessible         |
      |      |                           | services offering weak      |
      |      |                           | crypto, e.g. web servers    |
      |      |                           | susceptible to POODLE/      |
      |      |                           | FREAK attacks.              |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 34   | Vulnerable.DDoS           | Publicly accessible         |
      |      |                           | services that can be        |
      |      |                           | abused for conducting DDoS  |
      |      |                           | reflection/amplification    |
      |      |                           | attacks, e.g.  DNS open-    |
      |      |                           | resolvers or NTP servers    |
      |      |                           | with monlist enabled.       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 35   | Vulnerable.Surface        | Potentially unwanted        |
      |      |                           | publicly accessible         |
      |      |                           | services, e.g.  Telnet,     |
      |      |                           | RDP or VNC.                 |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 36   | Vulnerable.Disclosure     | Publicly accessible         |



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      |      |                           | services potentially        |
      |      |                           | disclosing sensitive        |
      |      |                           | information, e.g.  SNMP or  |
      |      |                           | Redis.                      |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 37   | Vulnerable.System         | A system which is           |
      |      |                           | vulnerable to certain       |
      |      |                           | attacks.  Example:          |
      |      |                           | misconfigured client proxy  |
      |      |                           | settings (example: WPAD),   |
      |      |                           | outdated operating system   |
      |      |                           | version, XSS                |
      |      |                           | vulnerabilities, etc.       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 38   | Geophysical.Earthquake    | A hazard originating from   |
      |      |                           | solid earth.  This term is  |
      |      |                           | used interchangeably with   |
      |      |                           | the term geological         |
      |      |                           | hazard.                     |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 39   | Geophysical.MassMovement  | A hazard originating from   |
      |      |                           | solid earth.  This term is  |
      |      |                           | used interchangeably with   |
      |      |                           | the term geological         |
      |      |                           | hazard.                     |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 40   | Geophysical.Volcanic      | A hazard originating from   |
      |      |                           | solid earth.  This term is  |
      |      |                           | used interchangeably with   |
      |      |                           | the term geological         |
      |      |                           | hazard.                     |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 41   | Meteorological.           | A hazard caused by short-   |
      |      | Temperature               | lived, micro- to meso-      |
      |      |                           | scale extreme weather and   |
      |      |                           | atmospheric conditions      |
      |      |                           | that last from minutes to   |
      |      |                           | days.                       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 42   | Meteorological.Fog        | A hazard caused by short-   |
      |      |                           | lived, micro- to meso-      |
      |      |                           | scale extreme weather and   |
      |      |                           | atmospheric conditions      |
      |      |                           | that last from minutes to   |
      |      |                           | days.                       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 43   | Meteorological.Storm      | A hazard caused by short-   |
      |      |                           | lived, micro- to meso-      |



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      |      |                           | scale extreme weather and   |
      |      |                           | atmospheric conditions      |
      |      |                           | that last from minutes to   |
      |      |                           | days.                       |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 44   | Hydrological.Flood        | A hazard caused by the      |
      |      |                           | occurrence, movement, and   |
      |      |                           | distribution of surface     |
      |      |                           | and subsurface freshwater   |
      |      |                           | and saltwater.              |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 45   | Hydrological.Landslide    | A hazard caused by the      |
      |      |                           | occurrence, movement, and   |
      |      |                           | distribution of surface     |
      |      |                           | and subsurface freshwater   |
      |      |                           | and saltwater.              |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 46   | Hydrological.Wave         | A hazard caused by the      |
      |      |                           | occurrence, movement, and   |
      |      |                           | distribution of surface     |
      |      |                           | and subsurface freshwater   |
      |      |                           | and saltwater.              |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 47   | Climatological.Drought    | A hazard caused by long-    |
      |      |                           | lived, meso- to macro-      |
      |      |                           | scale atmospheric           |
      |      |                           | processes ranging from      |
      |      |                           | intra-seasonal to multi-    |
      |      |                           | decadal climate             |
      |      |                           | variability.                |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 48   | Climatological.           | A hazard caused by long-    |
      |      | LakeOutburst              | lived, meso- to macro-      |
      |      |                           | scale atmospheric           |
      |      |                           | processes ranging from      |
      |      |                           | intra-seasonal to multi-    |
      |      |                           | decadal climate             |
      |      |                           | variability.                |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 49   | Climatological.Wildfire   | A hazard caused by long-    |
      |      |                           | lived, meso- to macro-      |
      |      |                           | scale atmospheric           |
      |      |                           | processes ranging from      |
      |      |                           | intra-seasonal to multi-    |
      |      |                           | decadal climate             |
      |      |                           | variability.                |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 50   | Biological.Epidemic       | A hazard caused by the      |



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      |      |                           | exposure to living          |
      |      |                           | organisms and their toxic   |
      |      |                           | substances (e.g. venom,     |
      |      |                           | mold) or vector-borne       |
      |      |                           | diseases that they may      |
      |      |                           | carry.  Examples are        |
      |      |                           | venomous wildlife and       |
      |      |                           | insects, poisonous plants,  |
      |      |                           | and mosquitoes carrying     |
      |      |                           | disease-causing agents      |
      |      |                           | such as parasites,          |
      |      |                           | bacteria, or viruses (e.g.  |
      |      |                           | malaria).                   |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 51   | Biological.Insect         | A hazard caused by the      |
      |      |                           | exposure to living          |
      |      |                           | organisms and their toxic   |
      |      |                           | substances (e.g. venom,     |
      |      |                           | mold) or vector-borne       |
      |      |                           | diseases that they may      |
      |      |                           | carry.  Examples are        |
      |      |                           | venomous wildlife and       |
      |      |                           | insects, poisonous plants,  |
      |      |                           | and mosquitoes carrying     |
      |      |                           | disease-causing agents      |
      |      |                           | such as parasites,          |
      |      |                           | bacteria, or viruses (e.g.  |
      |      |                           | malaria).                   |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 52   | Biological.Animal         | A hazard caused by the      |
      |      |                           | exposure to living          |
      |      |                           | organisms and their toxic   |
      |      |                           | substances (e.g. venom,     |
      |      |                           | mold) or vector-borne       |
      |      |                           | diseases that they may      |
      |      |                           | carry.  Examples are        |
      |      |                           | venomous wildlife and       |
      |      |                           | insects, poisonous plants,  |
      |      |                           | and mosquitoes carrying     |
      |      |                           | disease-causing agents      |
      |      |                           | such as parasites,          |
      |      |                           | bacteria, or viruses (e.g.  |
      |      |                           | malaria).                   |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 53   | Extraterrestrial.Impact   | A hazard caused by          |
      |      |                           | asteroids, meteoroids, and  |
      |      |                           | comets as they pass near-   |
      |      |                           | earth, enter the Earth’s    |



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      |      |                           | atmosphere, and/or strike   |
      |      |                           | the Earth, and by changes   |
      |      |                           | in interplanetary           |
      |      |                           | conditions that effect the  |
      |      |                           | Earth’s magnetosphere,      |
      |      |                           | ionosphere, and             |
      |      |                           | thermosphere.               |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 54   | Extraterrestrial.         | A hazard caused by          |
      |      | SpaceWeather              | asteroids, meteoroids, and  |
      |      |                           | comets as they pass near-   |
      |      |                           | earth, enter the Earth’s    |
      |      |                           | atmosphere, and/or strike   |
      |      |                           | the Earth, and by changes   |
      |      |                           | in interplanetary           |
      |      |                           | conditions that effect the  |
      |      |                           | Earth’s magnetosphere,      |
      |      |                           | ionosphere, and             |
      |      |                           | thermosphere.               |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 55   | Other.Uncategorised       | All incidents which don't   |
      |      |                           | fit in one of the given     |
      |      |                           | categories should be put    |
      |      |                           | into this class or the      |
      |      |                           | incident is not             |
      |      |                           | categorised.                |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 56   | Other.Undetermined        | The categorisation of the   |
      |      |                           | incident is unknown/        |
      |      |                           | undetermined.               |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 57   | Test.Test                 | Meant for testing.          |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+
      | 58   | ext-value                 | A value used to indicate    |
      |      |                           | that this attribute is      |
      |      |                           | extended and the actual     |
      |      |                           | value is provided using     |
      |      |                           | the corresponding ext-*     |
      |      |                           | attribute. (see             |
      |      |                           | Section 4.1.1)              |
      +------+---------------------------+-----------------------------+

                          Table 1: Incident taxonomy

   ext-Category
      Optional.  A means by which to extend the Category attribute. (see
      Section 4.1.1)




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   Cause
      Optional.  Alert cause.  The cause can be modified by any analyser
      on the way of the alert and later by the operator and/or the
      analyst if new investigation reveals and confirms a different
      cause of the event.

       +======+=============+=========================================+
       | Rank | Keyword     | Description                             |
       +======+=============+=========================================+
       | 0    | Normal      | The event is related to an expected     |
       |      |             | phenomenon or to a phenomenon that does |
       |      |             | not qualify as out of the ordinary.     |
       +------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
       | 1    | Error       | The event is related to a human error.  |
       +------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
       | 2    | Malicious   | The event is related to malicious code  |
       |      |             | or malicious actions.                   |
       +------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
       | 3    | Malfunction | The event is related to a device or     |
       |      |             | service malfunction.                    |
       +------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
       | 4    | Hazard      | The event is related to a hazard        |
       |      |             | phenomenon.                             |
       +------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+
       | 5    | Unknown     | The cause of the event is unknown.      |
       +------+-------------+-----------------------------------------+

                           Table 2: Incident causes

   Description
      Optional.  Short free text human-readable description of the
      event.  The description can add detail to the alert classification
      for easiest/faster comprehension by the operator.  Example : *
      Cryptoware WannaCry blocked on pegasus server * Unknown person
      entering through east doorway

   Status
      Optional.  Event state in the overall event lifecycle.













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       +======+==========+===========================================+
       | Rank | Keyword  | Description                               |
       +======+==========+===========================================+
       | 0    | Event    | The event is still considered as an       |
       |      |          | harmless event and should not be treated. |
       +------+----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 1    | Incident | The event is considered as an incident    |
       |      |          | and should be taken care of.              |
       +------+----------+-------------------------------------------+

                          Table 3: Incident statuses

   Priority
      Optional.  Priority of the alert.  Priority is defined by
      conbining impact and urgency.  It indicates how fast the incident
      should be taken care of.  Impact defines the enormity of the
      situation and mostly deals with “How Many” or “how much” question.
      It can be in terms of people, finances, systems, etc.  How many
      people and/or systems impacted, how badly are they impacted (is
      there potential physical impact ?) , how much financial loss,
      severity of legal liabilities,... Impact could be considered
      equivalent to "Severity".  Urgency is associated with time.  The
      time it takes to have the perceived Impact.  For example, a high
      impact incident may have low urgency if the impact will not affect
      the business until the end of the financial year.

         +======+=========+=========================================+
         | Rank | Keyword | Description                             |
         +======+=========+=========================================+
         | 0    | Unknown | Priority unknow                         |
         +------+---------+-----------------------------------------+
         | 1    | Info    | No priority, the alert is informational |
         +------+---------+-----------------------------------------+
         | 2    | Low     | Low priority                            |
         +------+---------+-----------------------------------------+
         | 3    | Medium  | Medium priority                         |
         +------+---------+-----------------------------------------+
         | 4    | High    | High priority                           |
         +------+---------+-----------------------------------------+

                         Table 4: Incident severities

   Confidence
      Optional.  A floating-point value between 0 and 1 indicating the
      analyzer's confidence in its own reliability of this particular
      detection, where 0 means that the detection is surely incorrect
      while 1 means there is no doubt about the detection made.




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   Note
      Optional.  Free text human-readable additional note, possibly a
      longer description of the incident if is not already obvious.

      The Note attribute can be used to store any additional
      information.  It can be additional information about the event
      and/or about the incident resolution, although the incident
      resolution information should in principle be stored elsewhere
      (with a link with the external tool in AltNames)

   CreateTime
      Mandatory.  Timestamp indicating when the message was created.

   StartTime
      Optional.  Timestamp indicating the deduced start of the event.

      StartTime can be later than CreateTime in case or Alerts created
      from forecast information (e.g.  Snow Storm in two days staring at
      10h00)

   EndTime
      Optional.  Timestamp indicating the deduced end of the event.

   AltNames
      Optional.  Alternative identifiers; strings which help pair the
      event to internal systems' information (for example ticket IDs
      inside a request tracking systems).

   AltCategory
      Optional.  Alternate categories from a reference other than
      [ENISA-RIST] (e.g.  MISP, MITRE ATT@CK or another proprietary/
      internal reference).

   Ref
      Optional.  References to sources of information related to the
      alert and/or vulnerability, and specific to this alert.

      This MAY be a URL to additional info, or a URN in a registered or
      unregistered ad-hoc namespace bearing reasonable information value
      and uniqueness, such as "urn:cve:CVE-2013-2266".

   CorrelID
      Optional.  Identifiers for the messages which were used as
      information sources to create this message, in case the message
      has been created based on correlation/analysis/deduction from
      other messages.

   AggrCondition



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      Optional.  A list of IDMEF fields used to aggregate events.  The
      values for these fields will be the same in all aggregated events.

      This attribute should mostly be set by intermediary nodes, which
      detect duplicates, or aggregate events, spanning multiple
      detection windows, into a longer one.

      The "StartTime" and "EndTime" attributes are used in conjunction
      with this attribute to describe the aggregation window.

   PredID
      Optional.  A list containing the identifiers of previous messages
      which are obsoleted by this message.

      The obsoleted alerts SHOULD NOT be used anymore.  This field can
      be used to "update" an alert.

   RelID
      Optional.  A list containing the identifiers of other messages
      related to this message.

5.3.  The Analyzer Class

   The Analyzer class describes the module that has analyzed the data
   captured by the sensors, identified an event of interest and decided
   to create an alert.

                         +-----------------------+
                         |       Analyzer        |
                         +-----------------------+
                         | IP       IP           |
                         | STRING   Name         |
                         | STRING   Hostname     |
                         | STRING   Model        |
                         | ENUM[]   Type         |
                         | ENUM[]   Category     |
                         | STRING   ext-Category |
                         | ENUM[]   Data         |
                         | STRING   ext-Data     |
                         | ENUM[]   Method       |
                         | STRING   ext-Method   |
                         | GEOLOC   GeoLocation  |
                         | UNLOCODE UnLocation   |
                         | STRING   Location     |
                         +-----------------------+

                        Figure 5: The Analyzer class




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   The Analyzer class has the following attributes:

   IP
      Mandatory.  Analyzer IP address.

   Name
      Mandatory.  Name of the analyzer, which must be reasonably unique,
      however still bear some meaningful sense.

      This attribute usually denotes the hierarchy of organizational
      units the detector belongs to and its own name.  It MAY also be
      used to distinguish multiple analyzers running with the same IP
      address.

   Hostname
      Optional.  Hostname of this analyzer.

      SHOULD be a fully-qualified domain name.

   Model
      Optional.  Analyzer model description (usually its generic name,
      brand and version).

   Type
      Optional.  Analyzer type.

        +======+==============+======================================+
        | Rank | Keyword      | Description                          |
        +======+==============+======================================+
        | 0    | Cyber        | The analyzer specializes in the      |
        |      |              | detection of cyber incidents         |
        +------+--------------+--------------------------------------+
        | 1    | Physical     | The analyzer specializes in the      |
        |      |              | detection of physical incidents      |
        +------+--------------+--------------------------------------+
        | 2    | Availability | The analyzer specializes in the      |
        |      |              | detection of availability incidents  |
        +------+--------------+--------------------------------------+
        | 3    | Combined     | The analyzer specilizes in           |
        |      |              | detections that combine data from    |
        |      |              | multiple domains (e.g. a combination |
        |      |              | of Cyber and Availability data)      |
        +------+--------------+--------------------------------------+

                           Table 5: Analyzer types

   Category
      Optional.  Analyzer categories.



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       +======+===========+===========================================+
       | Rank | Keyword   | Description                               |
       +======+===========+===========================================+
       | 0    | 1DLiS     | 1D LIDAR Sensor                           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 1    | 2DLiS     | 2D LIDAR Sensor                           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 2    | 3DLiS     | 3D LIDAR Sensor                           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 3    | 1DLaS     | 1D Laser Sensor                           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 4    | 2DLaS     | 2D Laser Sensor                           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 5    | 3DLaS     | 3D Laser Sensor                           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 6    | VAD       | Voice Activity Detection                  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 7    | HAR       | Human Activity Detection                  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 8    | FRC       | Face Recognition Camera                   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 9    | VNIR      | Visible and Near-InfraRed                 |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 10   | SWIR      | Short Wavelength InfraRed                 |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 11   | MWIR      | Middle Wavelength InfraRed                |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 12   | LWIR      | Long Wavelength InfraRed                  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 13   | ADS       | Anti-Drone System                         |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 14   | ODC       | Object Detection Camera                   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 15   | DDOS      | Anti-DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) |
       |      |           | protection                                |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 16   | SPAM      | Spam detection, phishing detection, etc.  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 17   | AV        | Signature-based virus/malware detection   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 18   | EDR       | Endpoint Detection and Response           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 19   | FW        | Firewall                                  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 20   | NIDS      | Network Intrusion Detection System        |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 21   | HIDS      | Host Intrusion Detection System           |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+



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       | 22   | WIDS      | Wi-Fi Intrusion Detection System          |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 23   | PROX      | Proxy, e.g. detection of violations to    |
       |      |           | the company's security policy             |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 24   | WAF       | Web Application Firewall                  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 25   | HPT       | Honeypot                                  |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 26   | LOG       | Log analyzer                              |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 27   | IAM       | Identity and Access Management tool       |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 28   | VPN       | Devices/tools related to Virtual Private  |
       |      |           | Network                                   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 29   | ETL       | Extract-Transform-Load tools              |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 30   | RASP      | Runtime Application Self-Protection       |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 31   | BAST      | Clientless Remote Desktop Gateway /       |
       |      |           | administration bastions                   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 32   | NAC       | Devices/tools related to Network Access   |
       |      |           | Control                                   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 33   | SIEM      | Security Information and Event Management |
       |      |           | systems                                   |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 34   | NMS       | Network Management Systems                |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
       | 35   | ext-value | A value used to indicate that this        |
       |      |           | attribute is extended and the actual      |
       |      |           | value is provided using the corresponding |
       |      |           | ext-* attribute.  (see Section 4.1.1)     |
       +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

                         Table 6: Analyzer categories

   ext-Category
      Optional.  A means by which to extend the Category attribute.
      (see Section 4.1.1)

   Data
      Optional.  Type of data analyzed during the detection.






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          +======+===============+================================+
          | Rank | Keyword       | Description                    |
          +======+===============+================================+
          | 0    | Light         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 1    | Noise         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 2    | Touch         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 3    | Images        |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 4    | Vibrations    |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 5    | Lidar         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 6    | Thermic       |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 7    | Seismic       |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 8    | Temperature   |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 9    | Rain          |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 10   | Water         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 11   | Humidity      |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 12   | Particles     |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 13   | Contact       |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 14   | MagneticField |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 15   | Acoustics     |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 16   | Fog           |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 17   | External      |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 18   | Reporting     |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 19   | Connection    |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 20   | Datagram      |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 21   | Content       |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 22   | Data          |                                |



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          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 23   | File          |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 24   | Flow          |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 25   | Log           |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 26   | Protocol      |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 27   | Host          |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 28   | Network       |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 29   | Alert         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 30   | Relay         |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 31   | Auth          |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 32   | SNMP          |                                |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+
          | 33   | ext-value     | A value used to indicate that  |
          |      |               | this attribute is extended and |
          |      |               | the actual value is provided   |
          |      |               | using the corresponding ext-*  |
          |      |               | attribute. (see Section 4.1.1) |
          +------+---------------+--------------------------------+

                            Table 7: Analyzer data

   ext-Data
      Optional.  A means by which to extend the Data attribute.  (see
      Section 4.1.1)

   Method
      Optional.  Detection method.















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      +======+=============+===========================================+
      | Rank | Keyword     | Description                               |
      +======+=============+===========================================+
      | 0    | Biometric   |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 1    | Policy      |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 2    | Heat        |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 3    | Movement    |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 4    | Blackhole   |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 5    | Signature   |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 6    | Statistical |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 7    | Heuristic   |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 8    | Integrity   |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 9    | Honeypot    |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 10   | Tarpit      |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 11   | Recon       |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 12   | Correlation |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 13   | Monitor     |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 14   | AI          |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 15   | Threshold   |                                           |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
      | 16   | ext-value   | A value used to indicate that             |
      |      |             | this attribute is extended and            |
      |      |             | the actual value is provided              |
      |      |             | using the corresponding ext-*             |
      |      |             | attribute. (see Section 4.1.1)            |
      +------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+

                          Table 8: Analyzer methods

   ext-Method
      Optional.  A means by which to extend the Method attribute.  (see
      Section 4.1.1)




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   GeoLocation
      Optional.  GPS coordinates for the analyzer.

   UnLocation
      Optional.  Standard UN/Locode for the analyzer.

   Location
      Optional.  Internal name for the location of the analyzer.

5.4.  The Sensor Class

   The Sensor class describes the module that captured the data before
   sending it to an analyzer.  The Sensor may be a subpart of the
   Analyzer.

                         +----------------------+
                         |        Sensor        |
                         +----------------------+
                         | IP       IP          |
                         | STRING   Name        |
                         | STRING   Hostname    |
                         | STRING   Model       |
                         | GEOLOC   GeoLocation |
                         | UNLOCODE UnLocation  |
                         | STRING   Location    |
                         | STRING   CaptureZone |
                         +----------------------+

                         Figure 6: The Sensor class

   The Sensor class has the following attributes:

   IP
      Mandatory.  The sensor's IP address.

   Name
      Mandatory.  Name of the sensor, which must be reasonably unique,
      however still bear some meaningful sense.

      This attribute usually denotes the hierarchy of organizational
      units the sensor belongs to and its own name.  It MAY also be used
      to distinguish multiple sensors running with the same IP address.

   Hostname
      Optional.  The sensor's hostname.






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      This SHOULD be a fully qualified domain name, but may not conform
      exactly because values extracted from logs, messages, DNS, etc.
      may themselves be malformed.

      An empty string MAY be used to explicitly state that this value
      was inquired but not found (missing DNS entry).

   Model
      Optional.  The sensor model's description (usually its generic
      name, brand and version).

   GeoLocation
      Optional.  GPS coordinates for the analyzerr.

   UnLocation
      Optional.  Standard UN/Locode for the sensor.

   Location
      Optional.  Internal name for the location of the sensor.

   CaptureZone
      Optional.  A string that describes the "capture zone" of the
      sensor, as a JSON-serialized string.

      Depending on the type of sensor, the capture zone may for instance
      refer to:

      *  A JSON object describing a camera's settings (elevation,
         horizontal and vertical field of view, azimuth, etc.)

      *  A description of the IP network where packet capture is taking
         place.

5.5.  The Source Class

   The Source class describes the origin(s) of the event(s) leading up
   to the alert.














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                        +------------------------+
                        |         Source         |
                        +------------------------+
                        | IP         IP          |
                        | STRING     Hostname    |
                        | STRING     Note        |
                        | STRING[]   TI          |
                        | STRING     User        |
                        | EMAIL      Email       |
                        | PROTOCOL[] Protocol    |
                        | INT[]      Port        |
                        | GEOLOC     GeoLocation |
                        | UNLOCODE   UnLocation  |
                        | STRING     Location    |
                        | ID[]       Attachment  |
                        +------------------------+

                         Figure 7: The Source class

   The Source class has the following attributes:

   IP
      Optional.  Source IP address.

   Hostname
      Optional.  Hostname of this source.

      This SHOULD be a fully qualified domain name, but may not conform
      exactly because values extracted from logs, messages, DNS, etc.
      may themselves be malformed.

      An empty string MAY be used to explicitly state that this value
      was inquired but not found (missing DNS entry).

   Note
      Optional.  Free text human-readable additional note for this
      source.

   TI
      Optional.  Threat Intelligence data about the source.

      Values in this list MUST use the format "attribute:origin", where
      "attribute" refers to the attribute inside this source found
      inside a Threat Intelligence database, and "origin" contains a
      short identifier for the Threat Intelligence database.  E.g.
      "IP:Dshield".





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      Please note that the same attribute may appear multiple times
      inside the list (because a match was found in multiple Threat
      Intelligence databases).

   User
      Optional.  User ID or login responsible for the alert.

   Email
      Optional.  Email address responsible for the alert.

      E.g. the value of the "Reply-To" or "From" header inside a
      phishing e-mail.

   Protocol
      Optional.  Protocols related to connections from/to this source.

      If several protocols are stacked, they MUST be ordered from the
      lowest (the closest to the medium) to the highest (the closest to
      the application) according to the ISO/OSI model.

   Port
      Optional.  Source ports involved in the alert.

      Values in this list MUST be integers and MUST be in the range
      1-65535.

   GeoLocation
      Optional.  GPS coordinates for the source.

   UnLocation
      Optional.  Standard UN/Locode for the source.

   Location
      Optional.  Internal name for the location of the source.

   Attachment
      Optional.  Identifiers for attachments related to this source.

      Each identifier listed here MUST match the "Name" attribute for
      one of the attachments described using the Attachment class
      (Section 5.8).

5.6.  The Target Class

   The Target class describes the target(s) impacted by the event(s)
   leading up to the alert.





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                        +------------------------+
                        |         Target         |
                        +------------------------+
                        | IP         IP          |
                        | STRING     Hostname    |
                        | STRING     Note        |
                        | STRING     Service     |
                        | STRING     User        |
                        | EMAIL      Email       |
                        | INT[]      Port        |
                        | GEOLOC     GeoLocation |
                        | UNLOCODE   UnLocation  |
                        | STRING     Location    |
                        | ID[]       Attachment  |
                        +------------------------+

                         Figure 8: The Target class

   The Target class has the following attributes:

   IP
      Optional.  Target IP address.

   Hostname
      Optional.  Hostname of this target.

      This SHOULD be a fully qualified domain name, but may not conform
      exactly because values extracted from logs, messages, DNS, etc.
      may themselves be malformed.

      An empty string MAY be used to explicitly state that this value
      was inquired but not found (missing DNS entry).

   Note
      Optional.  Free text human-readable additional note for this
      target.

   Service
      Optional.  Service or process impacted by the alert.

   User
      Optional.  User ID or login targeted by the alert.

   Email
      Optional.  Email address targeted by the alert.

      E.g. the value of the "To" header inside a phishing e-mail.




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   Port
      Optional.  Target ports involved in the alert.

      Values in this list MUST be integers and MUST be in the range
      1-65535.

   GeoLocation
      Optional.  GPS coordinates for the target.

   UnLocation
      Optional.  Standard UN/Locode for the target.

   Location
      Optional.  Internal name for the location of the target.

   Attachment
      Optional.  Identifiers for attachments related to this target.

      Each identifier listed here MUST match the "Name" attribute for
      one of the attachments described using the Attachment class
      (Section 5.8).

5.7.  The Vector Class

   The Vector class describes the vector(s) of the event(s) leading up
   to the alert.  • Name, location, description, …

                        +-------------------------+
                        |         Vector          |
                        +-------------------------+
                        | ENUM[]     Category     |
                        | STRING     ext-Category |
                        | STRING     Name         |
                        | STRING     Note         |
                        | STRING[]   TI           |
                        | GEOLOC     GeoLocation  |
                        | FLOAT      GeoRadius    |
                        | UNLOCODE   UnLocation   |
                        | STRING     Location     |
                        | ID[]       Attachment   |
                        +-------------------------+

                         Figure 9: The Vector class

   The Vector class has the following attributes:

   Category
      Mandatory.  Category for the detected "vector".



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         +======+=================+================================+
         | Rank | Keyword         | Description                    |
         +======+=================+================================+
         | 0    | Unknown         |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 1    | Face            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 2    | RunningMan      |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 3    | Human           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 4    | Man             |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 5    | Woman           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 6    | Children        |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 7    | Animal          |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 8    | Object          |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 9    | Blast           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 10   | Fire            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 11   | Wind            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 12   | Snow            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 13   | Rain            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 14   | Chemical        |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 15   | Smoke           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 16   | Vapors          |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 17   | Drug            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 18   | Device          |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 19   | Drone           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 20   | Car             |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 21   | Truck           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 22   | Vehicle         |                                |



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         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 23   | Bird            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 24   | Storm           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 25   | HighTemperature |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 26   | Artifact        |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 27   | Autonomous      |                                |
         |      | System          |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 28   | Directory       |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 29   | Domain Name     |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 30   | Email Address   |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 31   | Email Message   |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 32   | File            |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 33   | IPv4 Address    |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 34   | IPv6 Address    |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 35   | Mutex           |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 36   | Network Traffic |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 37   | Process         |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 38   | URL             |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 39   | User Account    |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 40   | Windows         |                                |
         |      | Registry Key    |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 41   | X509            |                                |
         |      | Certificate     |                                |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+
         | 42   | ext-value       | A value used to indicate that  |
         |      |                 | this attribute is extended and |
         |      |                 | the actual value is provided   |
         |      |                 | using the corresponding ext-*  |
         |      |                 | attribute. (see Section 4.1.1) |
         +------+-----------------+--------------------------------+



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                          Table 9: Vector categories

   ext-Category
      Optional.  A means by which to extend the Category attribute.
      (see Section 4.1.1)

   Name
      Optional.  Name of the detected vector or "Unknown".

      Please note that this name does not need to be unique across
      vectors.

   Note
      Optional.  Free text human-readable additional note for this
      vector.

   TI
      Optional.  Threat Intelligence data about the vector.

      Values in this list MUST use the format "attribute:origin", where
      "attribute" refers to the attribute inside this vector found
      inside a Threat Intelligence database, and "origin" contains a
      short identifier for the Threat Intelligence database.  E.g.
      "Name:FBI-Wanted".

      Please note that the same attribute may appear multiple times
      inside the list (because a match was found in multiple Threat
      Intelligence databases).

   GeoLocation
      Optional.  GPS coordinates for the vector.

   GeoRadius
      Optional.  Estimated radius around the provided geolocation in
      meters.

      This attribute can be interpreted as an error margin related to
      the detection of this vector.

   UnLocation
      Optional.  Standard UN/Locode for the vector.

   Location
      Optional.  Internal name for the location of the vector.

   Attachment
      Optional.  Identifiers for attachments related to this vector.




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      Each identifier listed here MUST match the "Name" attribute for
      one of the attachments described using the Attachment class
      (Section 5.8).

5.8.  The Attachment Class

   The Attachment class contains additional data which was captured in
   relation with the event.

                      +----------------------------+
                      |         Attachment         |
                      +----------------------------+
                      | ID         Name            |
                      | STRING     FileName        |
                      | HASH[]     Hash            |
                      | INT        Size            |
                      | URI[]      Ref             |
                      | URI[]      ExternalURI     |
                      | STRING     Note            |
                      | MEDIATYPE  ContentType     |
                      | STRING     ContentEncoding |
                      | STRING     Content         |
                      +----------------------------+

                      Figure 10: The Attachment class

   The Attachment class has the following attributes:

   Name
      Mandatory.  A unique identifier among attachments that can be used
      to reference this attachment from other classes using the
      "Attachment" attribute.

   FileName
      Optional.  Attachment filename.

      This will usually be the original name of the captured file or the
      name of the file containing the captured content (e.g. a packet
      capture file).

   Hash
      Optional.  A list of hash results for the attachment's Content.









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      The values in this list are computed by taking the raw value of
      the attachment's "Content" attribute.  The hash result is computed
      before any other transformation (e.g.  Base64 encoding) is applied
      to the content, so that a receiving IDMEF system may reverse the
      transformation, apply the same hashing function and obtain the
      same hash result.  See also the definition for the
      "ContentEncoding" attribute below.

      It is RECOMMENDED that compatible implementations use one of the
      hashing functions from the SHA-2 [RFC6234] or SHA-3
      [NIST.FIPS.202] families to compute the hash results in this list.

   Size
      Optional.  Length of the content (in bytes).

      This value MUST be a non-negative integer.

   Ref
      Optional.  References to sources of information related to the
      alert and/or vulnerability, and specific to this attachment.

   ExternalURI
      Optional.  If the attachment's content is available and/or
      recognizable from an external resource, this is the URI (usually a
      URL) to that resource.

      This MAY also be a URN in a registered or unregistered ad-hoc
      namespace bearing reasonable information value and uniqueness,
      such as "urn:mhr:55eaf7effadc07f866d1eaed9c64e7ee49fe081a" or
      "magnet:?xt=urn:sha1:YNCKHTQCWBTRNJIV4WNAE52SJUQCZO5C".

   Note
      Optional.  Free text human-readable additional note for this
      attachment.

   ContentType
      Optional.  Internet Media Type of the attachment.

      For compatibility reasons, implementations SHOULD prefer one of
      the well-known media types registered in IANA .

   ContentEncoding
      Optional.  Content encoding.

      The following encodings are defined in this version of the
      specification:





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      *  "json": The content refers to a JSON object which has been
         serialized to a string using the serialization procedure
         defined in [RFC8259].

      *  "base64": The content has been serialized using the Base64
         encoding defined in [RFC4648].

      The "base64" encoding SHOULD be used when the content contains
      binary data.  If omitted, the "json" encoding MUST be assumed.

   Content
      Optional.  The attachment's content, in case it is directly
      embedded inside the message.

      For large attachments, it is RECOMMENDED that implementations make
      use of the "ExternalURI" attribute to refererence a copy of the
      content saved in an external storage mechanism.

5.9.  The JavaScript Object Notation Serialization Method

   This serialization method aims to convert IDMEFv2 messages to a
   format that is easy to parse and process, both by software/hardware
   processors, as well as humans.  It relies on the the JavaScript
   Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format defined in [RFC8259].

   Conforming implementations MUST implement all the requirements
   specified in [RFC8259].

   In addition, the following rules MUST be observed when serializing an
   IDMEFv2 message:

   *  The top-level Alert class (Section 4.2) is represented as a JSON
      object ([RFC8259]).  This JSON object is returned to the calling
      process at the end of the serialization process.

   *  Aggregate classes are represented as JSON objects and stored as
      members of the top-level JSON object, using the same name as in
      the IDMEF data model.  E.g. the appears under the name "Analyzer"
      inside the top-level JSON object.

   *  Attributes are stored as members of the JSON object representing
      the class they belong to, using the same name as in the IDMEF data
      model.  E.g. the "Version" attribute from the is stored under the
      name "Version" inside the top-level JSON object.







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   *  Lists from the IDMEF data model are represented as JSON arrays
      ([RFC8259]).  This also applies to aggregate classes where a list
      is expected.  E.g. the "Sensor" member inside the top-level JSON
      object contains a list of objects, where each object represents an
      instance of the .

   *  The various string-based data types listed in Section 3 are
      represented as JSON strings ([RFC8259]).  Please note that the
      issues outlined in [RFC8259] regarding strings processing also
      apply here.

   *  IDMEF attributes with the "NUMBER" data type are represented as
      JSON numbers ([RFC8259]).

5.10.  Attributes completeness

   The next table shows when each attributes is required depending on
   it's Type: physical, cyber or availability.

   Legend:

   *  R: REQUIRED

   *  r: Recommanded

   *  o: Optional

   *  NA: Not Applicable

          +===============+=================+=====+=====+=======+
          | Attributes    | Type            | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
          +===============+=================+=====+=====+=======+
          | Alert         |                 |     |     |       |
          +===============+=================+=====+=====+=======+
          | Version       | String          | R   | R   | R     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | ID            | UUID            | R   | R   | R     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Entity        | String          | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Category      | Array of ENUM   | r   | r   | r     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Cause         | ENUM            | r   | r   | r     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Description   | String          | r   | r   | r     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Status        | ENUM            | r   | r   | r     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+



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          | Priority      | ENUM            | r   | r   | r     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Confidence    | Number          | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Note          | String          | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | CreateTime    | Timestamp       | R   | R   | R     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | StartTime     | Timestamp       | r   | r   | r     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | CeaseTime     | Timestamp       | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | DeleteTime    | Timestamp       | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | AltNames      | Array of String | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | AltCategory   | Array of String | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | Ref           | Array of URI    | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | CorrelID      | Array of UUID   | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | AggrCondition | Array of String | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | PredID        | Array of UUID   | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
          | RelID         | Array of UUID   | o   | o   | o     |
          +---------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+

                  Table 10: Attributes completness - Alert





















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            +=============+===============+=====+=====+=======+
            | Attributes  | Type          | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
            +=============+===============+=====+=====+=======+
            | Analyzer    | Class         | R   | R   | R     |
            +=============+===============+=====+=====+=======+
            | IP          | IPAddress     | R   | R   | R     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Name        | String        | R   | R   | R     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Hostname    | String        | r   | r   | r     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Type        | ENUM          | r   | r   | r     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Model       | String        | R   | R   | R     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Category    | Array of ENUM | R   | R   | R     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Data        | Array of ENUM | R   | R   | R     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Method      | Array of ENUM | R   | R   | R     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | GeoLocation | GeoLocation   | r   | o   | o     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | UnLocation  | UN/LOCODE     | o   | o   | o     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+
            | Location    | String        | o   | o   | o     |
            +-------------+---------------+-----+-----+-------+

                Table 11: Attributes completness - Analyzer






















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           +=============+================+=====+=====+=======+
           | Attributes  | Type           | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
           +=============+================+=====+=====+=======+
           | Sensor      | Array of Class | o   | o   | o     |
           +=============+================+=====+=====+=======+
           | IP          | IPAddress      | R   | R   | R     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+
           | Name        | String         | R   | R   | R     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+
           | Hostname    | String         | r   | r   | r     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+
           | Model       | String         | R   | R   | R     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+
           | UnLocation  | UN/LOCODE      | o   | o   | o     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+
           | Location    | String         | o   | o   | o     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+
           | CaptureZone | String         | o   | o   | o     |
           +-------------+----------------+-----+-----+-------+

                Table 12: Attributes completness - Sensor






























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       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Attributes  | Type                    | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Source      | Array of Class          | o   | o   | o     |
       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | UnLocation  | UN/LOCODE               | o   | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Location    | String                  | o   | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | GeoLocation | GeoLocation             | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Note        | String                  | o   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | TI          | Array of String         | o   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | IP          | IPAddress               | NA  | r   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Hostname    | String                  | NA  | r   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | User        | String                  | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Email       | String                  | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Protocol    | Array of ProtocolName   | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Port        | Array of Port           | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Attachment  | Array of AttachmentName | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+

                 Table 13: Attributes completness - Source




















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       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Attributes  | Type                    | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Target      | Array of Class          | o   | R   | R     |
       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | UnLocation  | UN/LOCODE               | o   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Location    | String                  | r   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | GeoLocation | GeoLocation             | o   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Note        | String                  | o   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | IP          | IPAddress               | o   | r   | R     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Hostname    | String                  | o   | r   | r     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Service     | String                  | NA  | o   | r     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | User        | String                  | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Email       | String                  | NA  | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Port        | Array of Port           | NA  | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Attachment  | Array of AttachmentName | NA  | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+

                 Table 14: Attributes completness - Target






















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       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Attributes  | Type                    | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Vector      | Array of Class          | o   | o   | o     |
       +=============+=========================+=====+=====+=======+
       | Category    | Array of ENUM           | R   | R   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | TI          | Array of String         | o   | o   | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Name        | String                  | o   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Size        | ENUM                    | o   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | UnLocation  | UN/LOCODE               | o   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | GeoLocation | GeoLocation             | o   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | GeoRadius   | Number                  | o   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Location    | String                  | r   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Note        | String                  | o   | NA  | NA    |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+
       | Attachment  | Array of AttachmentName | o   | o   | o     |
       +-------------+-------------------------+-----+-----+-------+

                 Table 15: Attributes completness - Vector
























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         +=================+=================+=====+=====+=======+
         | Attributes      | Type            | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
         +=================+=================+=====+=====+=======+
         | Attachment      | Array of Class  | o   | o   | o     |
         +=================+=================+=====+=====+=======+
         | Name            | String          | R   | R   | R     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | FileName        | String          | o   | o   | o     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | Hash            | Array of Hashes | r   | r   | r     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | Size            | Number          | r   | r   | r     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | Ref             | Array of URI    | o   | o   | o     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | ExternalURI     | Array of URI    | o   | o   | o     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | Note            | String          | o   | o   | o     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | ContentType     | MediaType       | o   | o   | o     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | ContentEncoding | String          | r   | r   | r     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+
         | Content         | String          | o   | o   | o     |
         +-----------------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+

               Table 16: Attributes completness - Attachment

                +============+========+=====+=====+=======+
                | Attributes | Type   | Phy | Cyb | Avail |
                +============+========+=====+=====+=======+
                | Name       | String | R   | R   | R     |
                +============+========+=====+=====+=======+
                | Reference  | String | r   | r   | r     |
                +------------+--------+-----+-----+-------+
                | Content    | String | R   | R   | R     |
                +------------+--------+-----+-----+-------+

                      Table 17: Attributes completness

6.  Security Considerations

   This document describes a data representation for exchanging
   security-related information between incident detection system
   implementations.  Although there are no security concerns directly
   applicable to the format of this data, the data itself may contain
   security-sensitive information whose confidentiality, integrity, and/
   or availability may need to be protected.



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   This suggests that the systems used to collect, transmit, process,
   and store this data should be protected against unauthorized use and
   that the data itself should be protected against unauthorized access.

   The underlying messaging format and protocol used to exchange
   instances of the IDMEF MUST provide appropriate guarantees of
   confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity.  The use of a
   standardized security protocol is encouraged.

   The draft-lehmann-idmefv2-https-transport-01.txt document defines the
   transportation of IDMEF over HTTPs that provides such security.

7.  IANA Considerations

   This document creates 10 identically structured registries to be
   managed by IANA:

   *  Name of the parent registry: "Incident Detection Message Exchange
      Format v2 (IDMEF)"

   *  URL of the registry: <http://www.iana.org/assignments/idmef2>

   *  Namespace format: A registry entry consists of:

      -  Value.  A value for a given IDMEF attribute.  It MUST conform
         to the formatting specified by the IDMEF "ENUM" data type
         (Section 3.3.1).

      -  Description.  A short description of the enumerated value.

      -  Reference.  An optional list of URIs to further describe the
         value.

   *  Allocation policy: Expert Review per [RFC8126].  This reviewer
      will ensure that the requested registry entry conforms to the
      prescribed formatting.  The reviewer will also ensure that the
      entry is an appropriate value for the attribute per the
      information model (Section 5).













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   The registries to be created are named in the "Registry Name" column
   of Table 18.  Each registry is initially populated with values and
   descriptions that come from an attribute specified in the IDMEF model
   (Section 5).  The initial values for the Value and Description fields
   of a given registry are listed in "Initial Values".  The "Initial
   Values" column points to a table in this document that lists and
   describes each enumerated value.  Each enumerated value in the table
   gets a corresponding entry in a given registry.  The initial value of
   the Reference field of every registry entry described below should be
   this document.

      +===================+========================================+
      | Registry Name     | Initial Values                         |
      +===================+========================================+
      | Alert-Category    | Table 1 (Alert class (Section 5.2))    |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Alert-Cause       | Table 2 (Alert class (Section 5.2))    |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Alert-Priority    | Table 4 (Alert class (Section 5.2))    |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Alert-Status      | Table 3 (Alert class (Section 5.2))    |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Analyzer-Category | Table 6 (Alert class (Section 5.2))    |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Analyzer-Data     | Table 7 (Analyzer class (Section 5.3)) |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Analayzer-Method  | Table 8 (Analyzer class (Section 5.3)) |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Analyzer-Type     | Table 5 (Analyzer class (Section 5.3)) |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+
      | Vector-Category   | Table 9 (Vector (Section 5.7))         |
      +-------------------+----------------------------------------+

                Table 18: IANA Enumerated Value Registries

8.  Acknowledgement

   The following groups and individuals contributed to the creation of
   this document and should be recognized for their efforts.

   *  The former Prelude SIEM team : Thomas Andrejak & François Poirotte
      (Co-authors of the first version of this document), Antoine Luong,
      Song Tran, Selim Menouar and Camille Gardet

   *  The core members of the SECEF (SECurity Exchange Format)
      consortium : Herve Debar (Author of RFC 4765 - IDMEFv1), Guillaume
      Hiet and François Dechelle




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   *  The H2020 7SHIELD project (Safety and Security Standards of Space
      Systems, ground Segments and Satellite data assets , via
      prevention, detection, response and mitigation of physical and
      cyber threats) who implemented in real scale first versions of
      IDMEFv2 on five pilots around Europe helping greatly to improve
      it.

   *  The CESNET team for their work on the [IDEA0] format (based on
      IDMEFv1) which inspired multiples concepts to IDMEFv2.

   *  The [ENISA-RIST] Reference Security Incident Taxonomy Working
      Group

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC5321]  Klensin, J., "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", RFC 5321,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5321, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5321>.

   [RFC2046]  Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
              Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", RFC 2046,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2046, November 1996,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2046>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC5322]  Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5322>.

   [RFC3339]  Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet:
              Timestamps", RFC 3339, DOI 10.17487/RFC3339, July 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3339>.

   [RFC3986]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
              Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
              RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.

   [RFC4122]  Leach, P., Mealling, M., and R. Salz, "A Universally
              Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace", RFC 4122,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4122, July 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4122>.



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   [RFC4291]  Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
              Architecture", RFC 4291, DOI 10.17487/RFC4291, February
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4291>.

   [RFC4648]  Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
              Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>.

   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.

   [RFC5952]  Kawamura, S. and M. Kawashima, "A Recommendation for IPv6
              Address Text Representation", RFC 5952,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5952, August 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5952>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

   [UNICODE]  Unicode Consortium, "Unicode Standard", version 14.0.0, 14
              September 2021,
              <https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/>.

   [ENISA-RIST]
              ENISA, "Reference Incident Classification Taxonomy", 26
              January 2018, <https://github.com/enisaeu/Reference-
              Security-Incident-Taxonomy-Task-
              Force/blob/master/working_copy/humanv1.md>.

   [IANA_media_types]
              IANA, "Media Types",
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types>.

   [IANA_hash_function_text_names]
              IANA, "Hash Function Textual Names",
              <http://www.iana.org/assignments/hash-function-text-
              names>.

   [UN-LOCODE]
              UNECE, "UN/LOCODE Code List by Country and Territory", 6
              July 2021, <https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-
              list-country-and-territory>.

9.2.  Informative References



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   [RFC4765]  Debar, H., Curry, D., and B. Feinstein, "The Intrusion
              Detection Message Exchange Format (IDMEF)", RFC 4765,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4765, March 2007,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4765>.

   [RFC8126]  Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

   [RFC6234]  Eastlake 3rd, D. and T. Hansen, "US Secure Hash Algorithms
              (SHA and SHA-based HMAC and HKDF)", RFC 6234,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6234, May 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6234>.

   [NIST.FIPS.202]
              Dworkin, Morris J., "SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based
              Hash and Extendable-Output Functions", NIST NIST FIPS 202,
              DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202, July 2015,
              <https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/
              NIST.FIPS.202.pdf>.

   [WGS84]    National Imagery and Mapping Agency, "Department of
              Defense World Geodetic System 1984: Its Definition and
              Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems", Third Edition,
              1984, <https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA280358.pdf>.

   [IDEA0]    CESNET, "Intrusion Detection Extensible Alert version 0",
              25 September 2015, <https://idea.cesnet.cz/en/definition>.

Appendix A.  Examples

   This section contains several examples of events/incidents which may
   be described using the IDMEF Data Model defined in.

   For each example, the serialization method listed in Section 5 was
   used on the original IDMEF message to produce a JSON representation.

A.1.  Physical intrusion

   Listing 1 describes an incident where an unidentified man was
   detected on company premises near the building where server room A is
   located.








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   {
     "Version": "2.0",
     "ID": "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b1",
     "Description": "Potential intruder detected",
     "Priority": "Low",
     "Status": "Incident",
     "Cause": "Malicious",
     "CreateTime": "2021-05-10T16:52:13.075994+00:00",
     "StartTime": "2021-05-10T16:52:13+00:00",
     "Category": [
       "Intrusion.Burglary"
     ],
     "Analyzer": {
       "Name": "BigBrother",
       "Hostname": "bb.acme.com",
       "Type": "Physical",
       "Model": "Big Brother v42",
       "Category": [
         "HAR",
         "FRC"
       ],
       "Data": [
         "Images"
       ],
       "Method": [
         "Movement",
         "Biometric",
         "AI"
       ],
       "IP": "192.0.2.1"
     },
     "Sensor": [
       {
         "IP": "192.0.2.2",
         "Name": "Camera #23",
         "Model": "SuperDuper Camera v1",
         "Location": "Hallway to server room A1"
       }
     ],
     "Source": [
       {
         "Note": "Black Organization, aka. APT 4869"
       }
     ],
     "Vector": [
       {
         "Category": ["Man"],
         "TI": ["Name:FBI-Wanted"],



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         "Name": "John Doe",
         "Note": "Codename Vodka, known henchman for APT 4869",
         "Location": "Hallway to server room A1",
         "Attachment": ["pic01", "wanted"]
       }
     ],
     "Attachment": [
       {
         "Name": "wanted",
         "FileName": "fbi-wanted-poster.jpg",
         "Size": 1234567,
         "Ref": ["https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten"],
         "ContentType": "image/jpg",
         "ContentEncoding": "base64",
         "Content": "..."
       },
       {
         "Name": "pic01",
         "Note": "Hi-res picture showing John Doe near server room A1",
         "ExternalURI": ["ftps://192.0.2.1/cam23/20210510165211.jpg"],
         "ContentType": "image/jpg"
       }
     ]
   }

A.2.  Cyberattack

   Listing 2 describes an incident related to a potential bruteforce
   attack against the "root" user account of the server at 192.0.2.2 and
   2001:db8::/32.

   {
     "Version": "2.0",
     "ID": "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b2",
     "Description": "Potential bruteforce attack on root user account",
     "Priority": "Medium",
     "CreateTime": "2021-05-10T16:55:29.196408+00:00",
     "StartTime": "2021-05-10T16:55:29+00:00",
     "Category": [
       "Attempt.Login"
     ],
     "Analyzer": {
       "Name": "SIEM",
       "Hostname": "siem.acme.com",
       "Type": "Cyber",
       "Model": "Concerto SIEM 5.2",
       "Category": [
         "SIEM",



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         "LOG"
       ],
       "Data": [
         "Log"
       ],
       "Method": [
         "Monitor",
         "Signature"
       ],
       "IP": "192.0.2.1"
     },
     "Sensor": [
       {
         "IP": "192.0.2.5",
         "Name": "syslog",
         "Hostname": "www.acme.com",
         "Model": "rsyslog 8.2110",
         "Location": "Server room A1, rack 10"
       }
     ],
     "Target": [
       {
         "IP": "192.0.2.2",
         "Hostname": "www.acme.com",
         "Location": "Server room A1, rack 10",
         "User": "root"
       },
       {
         "IP": "2001:db8::/32",
         "Hostname": "www.acme.com",
         "Location": "Server room A1, rack 10",
         "User": "root"
       }
     ]
   }

A.3.  Server outage

   Listing 3 describes an incident where the webserver at
   "www.example.com" encountered some kind of failure condition
   resulting in an outage.










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   {
     "Version": "2.0",
     "ID": "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b3",
     "Description": "A server did not reply to an ICMP ping request",
     "Priority": "Medium",
     "Status": "Incident",
     "Cause": "Unknown",
     "CreateTime": "2021-05-10T16:59:11.875209+00:00",
     "StartTime": "2021-05-10T16:59:11.875209+00:00",
     "Category": [
       "Availability.Outage"
     ],
     "Analyzer": {
       "Name": "NMS",
       "Hostname": "nms.example.com",
       "Type": "Availability",
       "Model": "Concerto NMS 5.2",
       "Category": [
         "NMS"
       ],
       "Data": [
         "Network"
       ],
       "Method": [
         "Monitor"
       ],
       "IP": "192.0.2.1"
     },
     "Target": [
       {
         "IP": "192.168.1.2",
         "Hostname": "www.acme.com",
         "Service": "website",
         "Location": "Server room A1, rack 10"
       }
     ]
   }

A.4.  Combined incident

   Listing 4 describes a combined incident resulting from the
   correlation of the previous physical, cyber and availability
   incidents.








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   {
     "Version": "2.0",
     "ID": "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b4",
     "Description": "Intrusion and Sabotage detected",
     "Prioriy": "High",
     "Status": "Incident",
     "Cause": "Malicious",
     "CreateTime": "2021-05-10T16:59:15.075994+00:00",
     "StartTime": "2021-05-10T16:52:11+00:00",
     "Category": [
       "Intrusion.Burglary",
       "Attempt.Login",
       "Intrusion.SysCompromise",
       "Availability.Outage",
       "Availability.Sabotage",
       "Availability.Failure"
     ],
     "CorrelID": [
       "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b1",
       "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b2",
       "819df7bc-35ef-40d8-bbee-1901117370b3"
     ],
     "Analyzer": {
       "Name": "Correlator",
       "Hostname": "correlator.acme.com",
       "Type": "Combined",
       "Model": "Concerto Hybrid Correlator v5.2",
       "Category": [
       ],
       "Data": [
         "Alert"
       ],
       "Method": [
         "Correlation"
       ],
       "IP": "192.0.2.1"
     },
     "Source": [
       {
         "Note": "Black Organization, aka. APT 4869"
       }
     ],
     "Vector": [
       {
         "Category": ["Man"],
         "TI": ["Name:FBI-Wanted"],
         "Name": "John Doe",
         "Note": "Codename Vodka, known henchman for APT 4869",



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         "Size": "Medium"
       }
     ],
     "Target": [
       {
         "Location": "Server room A1"
       },
       {
         "IP": "192.0.2.2",
         "Hostname": "www.acme.com",
         "User": "root"
       },
       {
         "IP": "192.0.2.2",
         "Hostname": "www.acme.com",
         "Service": "website"
       }
     ]
   }

Appendix B.  JSON Validation Schema (Non-normative)

   Listing 5 contains a JSON Schema that can be used to validate
   incoming IDMEF messages prior to processing.  Please note that
   extraneous linebreaks have been included due to formatting
   constraints.

   {
       "description": "JSON schema for the Intrusion Detection Message Exchange Format (IDMEF) version 2 (revision 2.D.V01)",
       "properties": {
           "Version": {
               "description": "The version of the IDMEF format in use by this alert. During the drafts tuning period the version is equal to the draft version. Therefore it is \"2.D.V01\" for Draft V01.",
               "enum": [
                   "2.D.V01"
               ]
           },
           "ID": {
               "description": "Unique identifier for the alert.",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/uuidType"
           },
           "Entity": {
               "description": "Tenant ID to support multi-tenancy (e.g. decentralized infrastructure, local agency, subsidiary company, etc.). Should be used when there are multiple sites/locations or multiple tenants (e.g. by Managed Security Services Providers).",
               "type": "string"
           },
           "Category": {
               "description": "The incident's category & subcategory as listed in using the format \"category.subcategory\" (e.g. \"Attempt.Exploit\").",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {



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                   "$ref": "#/definitions/categoryEnum"
               }
           },
           "ext-Category": {
               "description": "A means by which to extend the Category attribute. (see )",
               "type": "string"
           },
           "Cause": {
               "description": "Alert cause. The cause can be modified by any analyser on the way of the alert and later by the operator and/or the analyst if new investigation reveals and confirms a different cause of the event.",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/causeEnum"
           },
           "Description": {
               "description": "Short free text human-readable description of the event. The description can add detail to the alert classification for easiest/faster comprehension by the operator. Example : * Cryptoware WannaCry blocked on pegasus server * Unknown person entering through east doorway",
               "type": "string"
           },
           "Status": {
               "description": "Event state in the overall event lifecycle.",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/statusEnum"
           },
           "Priority": {
               "description": "Priority of the alert. Priority is defined by conbining impact and urgency. It indicates how fast the incident should be taken care of. Impact defines the enormity of the situation and mostly deals with \u201cHow Many\u201d or \u201chow much\u201d question. It can be in terms of people, finances, systems, etc. How many people and/or systems impacted, how badly are they impacted (is there potential physical impact ?) , how much financial loss, severity of legal liabilities,... Impact could be considered equivalent to \"Severity\". Urgency is associated with time. The time it takes to have the perceived Impact. For example, a high impact incident may have low urgency if the impact will not affect the business until the end of the financial year.",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/priorityEnum"
           },
           "Confidence": {
               "description": "A floating-point value between 0 and 1 indicating the analyzer's confidence in its own reliability of this particular detection, where 0 means that the detection is surely incorrect while 1 means there is no doubt about the detection made.",
               "type": "number"
           },
           "Note": {
               "description": "Free text human-readable additional note, possibly a longer description of the incident if is not already obvious. The Note attribute can be used to store any additional information. It can be additional information about the event and/or about the incident resolution, although the incident resolution information should in principle be stored elsewhere (with a link with the external tool in AltNames)",
               "type": "string"
           },
           "CreateTime": {
               "description": "Timestamp indicating when the message was created.",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/timestampType"
           },
           "StartTime": {
               "description": "Timestamp indicating the deduced start of the event. StartTime can be later than CreateTime in case or Alerts created from forecast information (e.g. Snow Storm in two days staring at 10h00)",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/timestampType"
           },
           "EndTime": {
               "description": "Timestamp indicating the deduced end of the event.",
               "$ref": "#/definitions/timestampType"
           },
           "AltNames": {
               "description": "Alternative identifiers; strings which help pair the event to internal systems' information (for example ticket IDs inside a request tracking systems).",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "type": "string"



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               }
           },
           "AltCategory": {
               "description": "Alternate categories from a reference other than (e.g. MISP, MITRE ATT@CK or another proprietary/internal reference).",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "type": "string"
               }
           },
           "Ref": {
               "description": "References to sources of information related to the alert and/or vulnerability, and specific to this alert. This MAY be a URL to additional info, or a URN in a registered or unregistered ad-hoc namespace bearing reasonable information value and uniqueness, such as \"urn:cve:CVE-2013-2266\".",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "type": "string",
                   "format": "uri"
               }
           },
           "CorrelID": {
               "description": "Identifiers for the messages which were used as information sources to create this message, in case the message has been created based on correlation/analysis/deduction from other messages.",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "$ref": "#/definitions/uuidType"
               }
           },
           "AggrCondition": {
               "description": "A list of IDMEF fields used to aggregate events. The values for these fields will be the same in all aggregated events. This attribute should mostly be set by intermediary nodes, which detect duplicates, or aggregate events, spanning multiple detection windows, into a longer one. The \"StartTime\" and \"EndTime\" attributes are used in conjunction with this attribute to describe the aggregation window.",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "type": "string"
               }
           },
           "PredID": {
               "description": "A list containing the identifiers of previous messages which are obsoleted by this message. The obsoleted alerts SHOULD NOT be used anymore. This field can be used to \"update\" an alert.",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "$ref": "#/definitions/uuidType"
               }
           },
           "RelID": {
               "description": "A list containing the identifiers of other messages related to this message.",
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "$ref": "#/definitions/uuidType"
               }
           },
           "Analyzer": {
               "type": "object",
               "items": {



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                   "description": "The Analyzer class describes the module that has analyzed the data captured by the sensors, identified an event of interest and decided to create an alert.",
                   "properties": {
                       "IP": {
                           "description": "Analyzer IP address.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/ipType"
                       },
                       "Name": {
                           "description": "Name of the analyzer, which must be reasonably unique, however still bear some meaningful sense. This attribute usually denotes the hierarchy of organizational units the detector belongs to and its own name. It MAY also be used to distinguish multiple analyzers running with the same IP address.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Hostname": {
                           "description": "Hostname of this analyzer. SHOULD be a fully-qualified domain name.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Model": {
                           "description": "Analyzer model description (usually its generic name, brand and version).",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Type": {
                           "description": "Analyzer type.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/analyzerTypeEnum"
                           }
                       },
                       "Category": {
                           "description": "Analyzer categories.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/analyzerCategoryEnum"
                           }
                       },
                       "ext-Category": {
                           "description": "A means by which to extend the Category attribute. (see )",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Data": {
                           "description": "Type of data analyzed during the detection.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/analyzerDataEnum"
                           }
                       },
                       "ext-Data": {
                           "description": "A means by which to extend the Data attribute. (see )",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Method": {



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                           "description": "Detection method.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/analyzerMethodEnum"
                           }
                       },
                       "ext-Method": {
                           "description": "A means by which to extend the Method attribute. (see )",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "GeoLocation": {
                           "description": "GPS coordinates for the analyzer.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/geolocType"
                       },
                       "UnLocation": {
                           "description": "Standard UN/Locode for the analyzer.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/unlocodeType"
                       },
                       "Location": {
                           "description": "Internal name for the location of the analyzer.",
                           "type": "string"
                       }
                   },
                   "additionalProperties": false,
                   "type": "object",
                   "required": [
                       "IP",
                       "Name"
                   ]
               }
           },
           "Sensor": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "description": "The Sensor class describes the module that captured the data before sending it to an analyzer. The Sensor may be a subpart of the Analyzer.",
                   "properties": {
                       "IP": {
                           "description": "The sensor's IP address.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/ipType"
                       },
                       "Name": {
                           "description": "Name of the sensor, which must be reasonably unique, however still bear some meaningful sense. This attribute usually denotes the hierarchy of organizational units the sensor belongs to and its own name. It MAY also be used to distinguish multiple sensors running with the same IP address.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Hostname": {
                           "description": "The sensor's hostname. This SHOULD be a fully qualified domain name, but may not conform exactly because values extracted from logs, messages, DNS, etc. may themselves be malformed. An empty string MAY be used to explicitly state that this value was inquired but not found (missing DNS entry).",
                           "type": "string"
                       },



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                       "Model": {
                           "description": "The sensor model's description (usually its generic name, brand and version).",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "GeoLocation": {
                           "description": "GPS coordinates for the analyzerr.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/geolocType"
                       },
                       "UnLocation": {
                           "description": "Standard UN/Locode for the sensor.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/unlocodeType"
                       },
                       "Location": {
                           "description": "Internal name for the location of the sensor.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "CaptureZone": {
                           "description": "A string that describes the \"capture zone\" of the sensor, as a JSON-serialized string. Depending on the type of sensor, the capture zone may for instance refer to: \n- A JSON object describing a camera's settings (elevation, horizontal and vertical field of view, azimuth, etc.)\n- A description of the IP network where packet capture is taking place.",
                           "type": "string"
                       }
                   },
                   "additionalProperties": false,
                   "type": "object",
                   "required": [
                       "IP",
                       "Name"
                   ]
               }
           },
           "Source": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "description": "The Source class describes the origin(s) of the event(s) leading up to the alert.",
                   "properties": {
                       "IP": {
                           "description": "Source IP address.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/ipType"
                       },
                       "Hostname": {
                           "description": "Hostname of this source. This SHOULD be a fully qualified domain name, but may not conform exactly because values extracted from logs, messages, DNS, etc. may themselves be malformed. An empty string MAY be used to explicitly state that this value was inquired but not found (missing DNS entry).",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Note": {
                           "description": "Free text human-readable additional note for this source.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "TI": {
                           "description": "Threat Intelligence data about the source. Values in this list MUST use the format \"attribute:origin\", where \"attribute\" refers to the attribute inside this source found inside a Threat Intelligence database, and \"origin\" contains a short identifier for the Threat Intelligence database. E.g. \"IP:Dshield\". Please note that the same attribute may appear multiple times inside the list (because a match was found in multiple Threat Intelligence databases).",



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                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "type": "string"
                           }
                       },
                       "User": {
                           "description": "User ID or login responsible for the alert.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Email": {
                           "description": "Email address responsible for the alert. E.g. the value of the \"Reply-To\" or \"From\" header inside a phishing e-mail.",
                           "type": "string",
                           "format": "email"
                       },
                       "Protocol": {
                           "description": "Protocols related to connections from/to this source. If several protocols are stacked, they MUST be ordered from the lowest (the closest to the medium) to the highest (the closest to the application) according to the ISO/OSI model.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/protocolType"
                           }
                       },
                       "Port": {
                           "description": "Source ports involved in the alert. Values in this list MUST be integers and MUST be in the range 1-65535.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "type": "integer"
                           }
                       },
                       "GeoLocation": {
                           "description": "GPS coordinates for the source.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/geolocType"
                       },
                       "UnLocation": {
                           "description": "Standard UN/Locode for the source.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/unlocodeType"
                       },
                       "Location": {
                           "description": "Internal name for the location of the source.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Attachment": {
                           "description": "Identifiers for attachments related to this source. Each identifier listed here MUST match the \"Name\" attribute for one of the attachments described using the Attachment class .",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/attachmentNameType"
                           }
                       }
                   },



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                   "additionalProperties": false,
                   "type": "object"
               }
           },
           "Target": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "description": "The Target class describes the target(s) impacted by the event(s) leading up to the alert.",
                   "properties": {
                       "IP": {
                           "description": "Target IP address.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/ipType"
                       },
                       "Hostname": {
                           "description": "Hostname of this target. This SHOULD be a fully qualified domain name, but may not conform exactly because values extracted from logs, messages, DNS, etc. may themselves be malformed. An empty string MAY be used to explicitly state that this value was inquired but not found (missing DNS entry).",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Note": {
                           "description": "Free text human-readable additional note for this target.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Service": {
                           "description": "Service or process impacted by the alert.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "User": {
                           "description": "User ID or login targeted by the alert.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Email": {
                           "description": "Email address targeted by the alert. E.g. the value of the \"To\" header inside a phishing e-mail.",
                           "type": "string",
                           "format": "email"
                       },
                       "Port": {
                           "description": "Target ports involved in the alert. Values in this list MUST be integers and MUST be in the range 1-65535.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "type": "integer"
                           }
                       },
                       "GeoLocation": {
                           "description": "GPS coordinates for the target.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/geolocType"
                       },
                       "UnLocation": {
                           "description": "Standard UN/Locode for the target.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/unlocodeType"



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                       },
                       "Location": {
                           "description": "Internal name for the location of the target.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Attachment": {
                           "description": "Identifiers for attachments related to this target. Each identifier listed here MUST match the \"Name\" attribute for one of the attachments described using the Attachment class .",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/attachmentNameType"
                           }
                       }
                   },
                   "additionalProperties": false,
                   "type": "object"
               }
           },
           "Vector": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "description": "The Vector class describes the vector(s) of the event(s) leading up to the alert. \u2022 Name, location, description, \u2026",
                   "properties": {
                       "Category": {
                           "description": "Category for the detected \"vector\".",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/vectorCategoryEnum"
                           }
                       },
                       "ext-Category": {
                           "description": "A means by which to extend the Category attribute. (see )",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Name": {
                           "description": "Name of the detected vector or \"Unknown\". Please note that this name does not need to be unique across vectors.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Note": {
                           "description": "Free text human-readable additional note for this vector.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "TI": {
                           "description": "Threat Intelligence data about the vector. Values in this list MUST use the format \"attribute:origin\", where \"attribute\" refers to the attribute inside this vector found inside a Threat Intelligence database, and \"origin\" contains a short identifier for the Threat Intelligence database. E.g. \"Name:FBI-Wanted\". Please note that the same attribute may appear multiple times inside the list (because a match was found in multiple Threat Intelligence databases).",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "type": "string"
                           }
                       },



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                       "GeoLocation": {
                           "description": "GPS coordinates for the vector.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/geolocType"
                       },
                       "GeoRadius": {
                           "description": "Estimated radius around the provided geolocation in meters. This attribute can be interpreted as an error margin related to the detection of this vector.",
                           "type": "number"
                       },
                       "UnLocation": {
                           "description": "Standard UN/Locode for the vector.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/unlocodeType"
                       },
                       "Location": {
                           "description": "Internal name for the location of the vector.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Attachment": {
                           "description": "Identifiers for attachments related to this vector. Each identifier listed here MUST match the \"Name\" attribute for one of the attachments described using the Attachment class .",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "$ref": "#/definitions/attachmentNameType"
                           }
                       }
                   },
                   "additionalProperties": false,
                   "type": "object",
                   "required": [
                       "Category"
                   ]
               }
           },
           "Attachment": {
               "type": "array",
               "items": {
                   "description": "The Attachment class contains additional data which was captured in relation with the event.",
                   "properties": {
                       "Name": {
                           "description": "A unique identifier among attachments that can be used to reference this attachment from other classes using the \"Attachment\" attribute.",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/attachmentNameType"
                       },
                       "FileName": {
                           "description": "Attachment filename. This will usually be the original name of the captured file or the name of the file containing the captured content (e.g. a packet capture file).",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Hash": {
                           "description": "A list of hash results for the attachment's Content. The values in this list are computed by taking the raw value of the attachment's \"Content\" attribute. The hash result is computed before any other transformation (e.g. Base64 encoding) is applied to the content, so that a receiving IDMEF system may reverse the transformation, apply the same hashing function and obtain the same hash result. See also the definition for the \"ContentEncoding\" attribute below. It is RECOMMENDED that compatible implementations use one of the hashing functions from the SHA-2 or SHA-3 families to compute the hash results in this list.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {



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                               "$ref": "#/definitions/hashType"
                           }
                       },
                       "Size": {
                           "description": "Length of the content (in bytes). This value MUST be a non-negative integer.",
                           "type": "integer"
                       },
                       "Ref": {
                           "description": "References to sources of information related to the alert and/or vulnerability, and specific to this attachment.",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "type": "string",
                               "format": "uri"
                           }
                       },
                       "ExternalURI": {
                           "description": "If the attachment's content is available and/or recognizable from an external resource, this is the URI (usually a URL) to that resource. This MAY also be a URN in a registered or unregistered ad-hoc namespace bearing reasonable information value and uniqueness, such as \"urn:mhr:55eaf7effadc07f866d1eaed9c64e7ee49fe081a\" or \"magnet:?xt=urn:sha1:YNCKHTQCWBTRNJIV4WNAE52SJUQCZO5C\".",
                           "type": "array",
                           "items": {
                               "type": "string",
                               "format": "uri"
                           }
                       },
                       "Note": {
                           "description": "Free text human-readable additional note for this attachment.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "ContentType": {
                           "description": "Internet Media Type of the attachment. For compatibility reasons, implementations SHOULD prefer one of the well-known media types registered in IANA .",
                           "$ref": "#/definitions/mediatypeType"
                       },
                       "ContentEncoding": {
                           "description": "Content encoding. The following encodings are defined in this version of the specification: \n- \"json\": The content refers to a JSON object which has been serialized to a string using the serialization procedure defined in .\n- \"base64\": The content has been serialized using the Base64 encoding defined in . The \"base64\" encoding SHOULD be used when the content contains binary data. If omitted, the \"json\" encoding MUST be assumed.",
                           "type": "string"
                       },
                       "Content": {
                           "description": "The attachment's content, in case it is directly embedded inside the message. For large attachments, it is RECOMMENDED that implementations make use of the \"ExternalURI\" attribute to refererence a copy of the content saved in an external storage mechanism.",
                           "type": "string"
                       }
                   },
                   "additionalProperties": false,
                   "type": "object",
                   "required": [
                       "Name"
                   ]
               }
           }
       },



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       "additionalProperties": false,
       "type": "object",
       "required": [
           "Analyzer",
           "Version",
           "ID",
           "CreateTime"
       ],
       "definitions": {
           "categoryEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Abusive.Spam",
                   "Abusive.Harassment",
                   "Abusive.Illicit",
                   "Malicious.System",
                   "Malicious.Botnet",
                   "Malicious.Distribution",
                   "Malicious.Configuration",
                   "Recon.Scanning",
                   "Recon.Sniffing",
                   "Recon.SocialEngineering",
                   "Attempt.Exploit",
                   "Attempt.Login",
                   "Attempt.NewSignature",
                   "Intrusion.AdminCompromise",
                   "Intrusion.UserCompromise",
                   "Intrusion.AppCompromise",
                   "Intrusion.SysCompromise",
                   "Intrusion.Burglary",
                   "Availability.DoS",
                   "Availability.DDoS",
                   "Availability.Misconf",
                   "Availability.Theft",
                   "Availability.Sabotage",
                   "Availability.Outage",
                   "Availability.Failure",
                   "Information. UnauthorizedAccess",
                   "Information. UnauthorizedModification",
                   "Information.DataLoss",
                   "Information.DataLeak",
                   "Fraud.UnauthorizedUsage",
                   "Fraud.Copyright",
                   "Fraud.Masquerade",
                   "Fraud.Phishing",
                   "Vulnerable.Crypto",
                   "Vulnerable.DDoS",
                   "Vulnerable.Surface",
                   "Vulnerable.Disclosure",



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                   "Vulnerable.System",
                   "Geophysical.Earthquake",
                   "Geophysical.MassMovement",
                   "Geophysical.Volcanic",
                   "Meteorological. Temperature",
                   "Meteorological.Fog",
                   "Meteorological.Storm",
                   "Hydrological.Flood",
                   "Hydrological.Landslide",
                   "Hydrological.Wave",
                   "Climatological.Drought",
                   "Climatological. LakeOutburst",
                   "Climatological.Wildfire",
                   "Biological.Epidemic",
                   "Biological.Insect",
                   "Biological.Animal",
                   "Extraterrestrial.Impact",
                   "Extraterrestrial. SpaceWeather",
                   "Other.Uncategorised",
                   "Other.Undetermined",
                   "Test.Test",
                   "ext-value"
               ],
               "description": "Possible alert category"
           },
           "causeEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Normal",
                   "Error",
                   "Malicious",
                   "Malfunction",
                   "Hazard",
                   "Unknown"
               ],
               "description": "Possible alert cause"
           },
           "statusEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Event",
                   "Incident"
               ],
               "description": "Possible alert status"
           },
           "priorityEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Unknown",
                   "Info",
                   "Low",



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                   "Medium",
                   "High"
               ],
               "description": "Possible alert priority"
           },
           "analyzerTypeEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Cyber",
                   "Physical",
                   "Availability",
                   "Combined"
               ],
               "description": "Possible analyzer type"
           },
           "analyzerCategoryEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "1DLiS",
                   "2DLiS",
                   "3DLiS",
                   "1DLaS",
                   "2DLaS",
                   "3DLaS",
                   "VAD",
                   "HAR",
                   "FRC",
                   "VNIR",
                   "SWIR",
                   "MWIR",
                   "LWIR",
                   "ADS",
                   "ODC",
                   "DDOS",
                   "SPAM",
                   "AV",
                   "EDR",
                   "FW",
                   "NIDS",
                   "HIDS",
                   "WIDS",
                   "PROX",
                   "WAF",
                   "HPT",
                   "LOG",
                   "IAM",
                   "VPN",
                   "ETL",
                   "RASP",
                   "BAST",



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                   "NAC",
                   "SIEM",
                   "NMS",
                   "ext-value"
               ],
               "description": "Possible analyzer category"
           },
           "analyzerDataEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Light",
                   "Noise",
                   "Touch",
                   "Images",
                   "Vibrations",
                   "Lidar",
                   "Thermic",
                   "Seismic",
                   "Temperature",
                   "Rain",
                   "Water",
                   "Humidity",
                   "Particles",
                   "Contact",
                   "MagneticField",
                   "Acoustics",
                   "Fog",
                   "External",
                   "Reporting",
                   "Connection",
                   "Datagram",
                   "Content",
                   "Data",
                   "File",
                   "Flow",
                   "Log",
                   "Protocol",
                   "Host",
                   "Network",
                   "Alert",
                   "Relay",
                   "Auth",
                   "SNMP",
                   "ext-value"
               ],
               "description": "Possible analyzer data"
           },
           "analyzerMethodEnum": {
               "enum": [



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                   "Biometric",
                   "Policy",
                   "Heat",
                   "Movement",
                   "Blackhole",
                   "Signature",
                   "Statistical",
                   "Heuristic",
                   "Integrity",
                   "Honeypot",
                   "Tarpit",
                   "Recon",
                   "Correlation",
                   "Monitor",
                   "AI",
                   "Threshold",
                   "ext-value"
               ],
               "description": "Possible analyzer method"
           },
           "vectorCategoryEnum": {
               "enum": [
                   "Unknown",
                   "Face",
                   "RunningMan",
                   "Human",
                   "Man",
                   "Woman",
                   "Children",
                   "Animal",
                   "Object",
                   "Blast",
                   "Fire",
                   "Wind",
                   "Snow",
                   "Rain",
                   "Chemical",
                   "Smoke",
                   "Vapors",
                   "Drug",
                   "Device",
                   "Drone",
                   "Car",
                   "Truck",
                   "Vehicle",
                   "Bird",
                   "Storm",
                   "HighTemperature",



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                   "Artifact",
                   "Autonomous System",
                   "Directory",
                   "Domain Name",
                   "Email Address",
                   "Email Message",
                   "File",
                   "IPv4 Address",
                   "IPv6 Address",
                   "Mutex",
                   "Network Traffic",
                   "Process",
                   "URL",
                   "User Account",
                   "Windows Registry Key",
                   "X509 Certificate",
                   "ext-value"
               ],
               "description": "Possible vector category"
           },
           "attachmentNameType": {
               "description": "A a unique identifier among attachments.",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$"
           },
           "portType": {
               "description": "A network port number. The value 0 is excluded from the range because it never appears in an actual network connection.",
               "type": "integer",
               "minimum": 0,
               "maximum": 65535,
               "exclusiveMinimum": true
           },
           "timestampType": {
               "description": "A JSON string containing a timestamp conforming to the format given in section 5.6 of RFC 3339.",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[0-9]{4}-(0[0-9]|1[012])-([0-2][0-9]|3[01])T([0-1][0-9]|2[0-3]):[0-5][0-9]:([0-5][0-9]|60)(\\.[0-9]+)?(Z|[-+]([0-1][0-9]|2[0-3]):[0-5][0-9])?$"
           },
           "geolocType": {
               "description": "Geolocation coordinates. The format for this type matches the definition for locations inside ISO 6709 (eg. \"+48.75726, +2.299528, +65.1\").",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[-+]?([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?)(, ?[-+]?([0-9]+(\\.[0-9]*)?)){1,2}$"
           },
           "unlocodeType": {
               "description": "A valid UN/LOCODE location (e.g. \"FR PAR\"). See also the UN/LOCODE Code List 2020-2 at https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory.",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[A-Z]{2} ?[A-Z]{3}$"
           },
           "ipType": {



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               "description": "An Internet Protocol address, either version 4 or version 6.",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^(((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))$"
           },
           "mediatypeType": {
               "description": "A valid media type (e.g. \"text/plain\") conforming to the format defined in section 3.1.1.1 of RFC 7231. See also http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/media-types.xhtml.",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+/[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+([ \t]*;[ \t]*[-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+=([-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]+|\"([]-~\t !#-[\\x80-\\xFF]|\\\\([\t 0-9a-zA-Z\\x80-\\xFF]))*\"))*$"
           },
           "uuidType": {
               "description": "Canonical textual representation for an UUID, as defined in RFC 4122 (e.g. \"e5f9bbae-163e-42f9-a2f2-0daaf78fefb1\")",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[0-9A-Fa-f]{8}(-[0-9A-Fa-f]{4}){3}-[0-9A-Fa-f]{12}$"
           },
           "protocolType": {
               "description": "A JSON string containing a service or protocol name from the set of permitted values defined in the IANA \"Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number\" registry (http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xhtml).",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z0-9](-?[a-zA-Z0-9])*$"
           },
           "hashType": {
               "description": "A cryptographic hash acting as a checksum for some content, using the format \"function:hex-value\" (e.g. \"md5:dc89f0b4ff9bd3b061dd66bb66c991b1\").",
               "type": "string",
               "pattern": "^[a-zA-Z0-9-]+:([a-fA-F0-9]{2})+$"
           }
       },
       "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
       "title": "IDMEF 2.D.V01"
   }

Author's Address

   Gilles Lehmann
   Telecom SudParis
   France
   Email: gilles.lehmann@telecom-sudparis.eu
















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