Internet DRAFT - draft-lopez-opsawg-yang-provenance
draft-lopez-opsawg-yang-provenance
Operations and Management Area Working Group D. Lopez
Internet-Draft A. Pastor
Intended status: Informational Telefonica
Expires: 2 September 2024 A. Huang Feng
INSA-Lyon
H. Birkholz
Fraunhofer SIT
1 March 2024
Applying COSE Signatures for YANG Data Provenance
draft-lopez-opsawg-yang-provenance-02
Abstract
This document defines a mechanism based on COSE signatures to provide
and verify the provenance of YANG data, so it is possible to verify
the origin and integrity of a dataset, even when those data are going
to be processed and/or applied in workflows where a crypto-enabled
data transport directly from the original data stream is not
available. As the application of evidence-based OAM automation and
the use of tools such as AI/ML grow, provenance validation becomes
more relevant in all scenarios. The use of compact signatures
facilitates the inclusion of provenance strings in any YANG schema
requiring them.
About This Document
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
The latest revision of this draft can be found at
https://dr2lopez.github.io/yang-provenance/draft-lopez-opsawg-yang-
provenance.html. Status information for this document may be found
at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lopez-opsawg-yang-
provenance/.
Discussion of this document takes place on the Operations and
Management Area Working Group Working Group mailing list
(mailto:opsawg@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/opsawg/. Subscribe at
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/dr2lopez/yang-provenance.
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Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
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Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 2 September 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Defining Provenance Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Provenance Signature Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Signature and Verification Procedures . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Canonicalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4. Provenance-Signature YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Enclosing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. Including a Provenance Leaf in a YANG Element . . . . . . 8
4.2. Including a Provenance Signature in NETCONF Event
Notifications and YANG-Push Notifications . . . . . . . . 10
4.2.1. YANG Tree Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2.2. YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3. Including Provenance as Metadata in YANG Instance Data . 13
4.3.1. YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
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4.4. Inclduing Provenance in YANG Annotations . . . . . . . . 13
4.4.1. YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.1. IETF XML Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.2. YANG Module Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1. Introduction
OAM automation, generally based on closed-loop principles, requires
at least two datasets to be used. Using the common terms in Control
Theory, we need those from the plant (the network device or segment
under control) and those to be used as reference (the desired values
of the relevant data). The usual automation behavior compares these
values and takes a decision, by whatever the method (algorithmic,
rule-based, an AI model tuned by ML...) to decide on a control action
according to this comparison. Assurance of the origin and integrity
of these datasets, what we refer in this document as "provenance",
becomes essential to guarantee a proper behavior of closed-loop
automation.
When datasets are made available as an online data flow, provenance
can be assessed by properties of the data transport protocol, as long
as some kind of cryptographic protocol is used for source
authentication, with TLS, SSH and IPsec as the main examples. But
when these datasets are stored, go through some pre-processing or
aggregation stages, or even cryptographic data transport is not
available, provenance must be assessed by other means.
The original use case for this provenance mechanism is associated
with [YANGmanifest], in order to provide a proof of the origin and
integrity of the provided metadata, and therefore the examples in
this document use the modules described there, but it soon became
clear that it could be extended to any YANG datamodel to support
provenance evidence. An analysis of other potential use cases
suggested the interest of defining an independent, generally
applicable mechanism.
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Provenance verification by signatures incorporated in YANG data can
be applied to any data processing pipeline, whether they rely on an
online flow or use some kind of data store, such as data lakes or
time-series databases. The application of recorded data for ML
training or validation constitute the most relevant examples of these
scenarios.
This document provides a mechanism for including digital signatures
within YANG data. It applies COSE [RFC9052] to make the signature
compact and reduce the resources required for calculating it. This
mechanism is applicable to any serialization of the YANG data
supporting a clear method for canonicalization, but this document
considers three base ones: CBOR, JSON and XML.
2. Conventions and Definitions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
The term "data provenance" refers to a documented trail accounting
for the origin of a piece of data and where it has moved from to
where it is presently. The signature mechanism provided here can be
recursively applied to allow this accounting for YANG data.
3. Defining Provenance Elements
The provenance for a given YANG element MUST be convened by a leaf
element, containing the COSE signature bitstring built according to
the procedure defined below in this section. The provenance leaf
MUST be of type provenance-signature, defined as follows:
typedef provenance-signature {
type binary;
description
"The provenance-signature type represents a digital signature
corresponding to the associated YANG element. The signature is based
on COSE and generated using a canonicalized version of the
associated element.";
reference
"RFC 9052: CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE): Structures and Process
draft-lopez-opsawg-yang-provenance";
}
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3.1. Provenance Signature Strings
Provenance signature strings are COSE single signature messages with
[nil] payload, according to COSE conventions and registries, and with
the following structure (as defined by [RFC9052], Section 4.2):
COSE_Sign1 = [
protected /algorithm-identifier, kid, serialization-method/
unprotected /algorithm-parameters/
signature /using as external data the content of the YANG
(meta-)data without the signature leaf/
]
The COSE_Sign1 procedure yields a bitstring when building the
signature and expects a bitstring for checking it, hence the proposed
type for provenance signature leaves. The structure of the
COSE_Sign1 consists of:
* The algorithm-identifier, which MUST follow COSE conventions and
registries.
* The kid (Key ID), to be locally agreed, used and interpreted by
the signer and the signature validator. URIs [RFC3986] and
RFC822-style [RFC5322] identifiers are typical values to be used
as kid.
* The serialization-method, a string identifying the YANG
serialization in use. It MUST be one of the three possible values
"xml" (for XML serialization [RFC7950]), "json" (for JSON
serialization [RFC7951]) or "cbor" (for CBOR serialization
[RFC9254]).
* The value algorithm-parameters, which MUST follow the COSE
conventions for providing relevant parameters to the signing
algorithm.
* The signature for the YANG element provenance is being established
for, to be produced and verified according to the procedure
described below for each one of the enclosing methods for the
provenance string described below.
3.2. Signature and Verification Procedures
To keep a concise signature and avoid the need for wrapping YANG
constructs in COSE envelopes, the whole signature MUST be built and
verified by means of externally supplied data, as defined in
[RFC9052], Section 4.3, with a [nil] payload.
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The byte strings to be used as input to the signature and
verification procedures MUST be built by:
* Selecting the exact YANG content to be used, according to the
corresponding enclosing methods.
* Applying the corresponding canonicalization method as described in
the following section.
3.3. Canonicalization
Signature generation and verification require a canonicalization
method to be applied, that depends on the serialization used.
According to the three types of serialization defined, the following
canonicalization methods MUST be applied:
* For CBOR, length-first core deterministic encoding, as defined by
[RFC8949].
* For JSON, JSON Canonicalization Scheme (JCS), as defined by
[RFC8785].
* For XML, Exclusive XML Canonicalization 1.0, as defined by
[XMLSig].
3.4. Provenance-Signature YANG Module
This module defines a provenance-signature type to be used in other
YANG modules.
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-yang-provenance@2024-02-28.yang"
module ietf-yang-provenance {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace
"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-provenance";
prefix iyangprov;
organization "IETF OPSAWG (Operations and Management Area Working Group)";
contact
"WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/opsawg/>
WG List: <mailto:opsawg@ietf.org>
Authors: Alex Huang Feng
<mailto:alex.huang-feng@insa-lyon.fr>
Diego Lopez
<mailto:diego.r.lopez@telefonica.com>
Antonio Pastor
<mailto:antonio.pastorperales@telefonica.com>
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Henk Birkholz
<mailto:henk.birkholz@sit.fraunhofer.de>";
description
"Defines a binary provenance-signature type to be used in other YANG
modules.
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license
terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section
4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC
itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2024-02-28 {
description
"First revision";
reference
"RFC XXXX: Applying COSE Signatures for YANG Data Provenance";
}
typedef provenance-signature {
type binary;
description
"The provenance-signature type represents a digital signature
corresponding to the associated YANG element. The signature is based
on COSE and generated using a canonicalized version of the
associated element.";
reference
"RFC XXXX: Applying COSE Signatures for YANG Data Provenance";
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
4. Enclosing Methods
Once defined the procedures for generating and verifying the
provenance signature string, let's consider how these signatures can
be integrated with the associated YANG data by enclosing the
signature in the data structure. This document considers four
different enclosing methods, suitable for different stages of the
YANG schema and usage patterns of the YANG data. The enclosing
method defines not only how the provenance signature string is
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combined with the signed YANG data but also the specific procedure
for selecting the specific YANG content to be processed when signing
and verifying
4.1. Including a Provenance Leaf in a YANG Element
This enclosing method requires a specific element in the YANG schema
defining the element to be signed (the enclosing element), and thus
implies considering provenance signatures when creating the
corresponding YANG module, or the update of existing modules willing
to support this provenance enclosing method.
When using this enclosing method, a provenance-signature leaf MAY
appear at any position in the enclosing element, but only one such
leaf MUST be defined for the enclosing element. If the enclosing
element contains other non-leaf elements, they MAY provide their own
provenance-signature leaf, according to the same rule. In this case,
the provenance-signature leaves in the children elements are
applicable to the specific child element where they are enclosed,
while the provenance-signature leaf enclosed in the top-most element
is applicable to the whole element contents, including the children
provenance-signature leaf themselves. This allows for recursive
provenance validation, data aggregation, and the application of
provenance verification of relevant children elements at different
stages of any data processing pipeline.
The specific YANG content to be processed SHALL be generated by
taking the whole enclosing element and eliminiating the leaf
containing the provenance signature string.
As example, let us consider the two modules proposed in
[YANGmanifest]. For the platform-manifest module, the provenance for
a platform would be provided by the optional platform-provenance leaf
shown below:
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module: ietf-platform-manifest
+--ro platforms
+--ro platform* [id]
+--ro id string
+--ro name? string
+--ro vendor? string
+--ro vendor-pen? uint32
+--ro software-version? string
+--ro software-flavor? string
+--ro os-version? string
+--ro os-type? string
+--ro platform-provenance? provenance-signature
+--ro yang-push-streams
| +--ro stream* [name]
| +--ro name
| +--ro description?
+--ro yang-library
+ . . .
.
.
.
For data collections, the provenance of each one would be provided by
the optional collector-provenance leaf, as shown below:
module: ietf-data-collection-manifest
+--ro data-collections
+--ro data-collection* [platform-id]
+--ro platform-id
| -> /p-mf:platforms/platform/id
+--ro collector-provenance? provenance-signature
+--ro yang-push-subscriptions
+--ro subscription* [id]
+--ro id
| sn:subscription-id
+
.
.
.
+ . . .
|
.
.
.
Note how, in the two examples, the element bearing the provenance
signature appears at different positions in the enclosing element.
And note that, for processing the element for signature generation
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and verification, the signature element MUST be eliminated from the
enclosing element before applying the corresponding canonicalization
method.
Note that, in application of the recursion mechanism described above,
a provenance element could be included at the top of any of the
collections, supporting the verification of the provenance of the
collection itself (as provided by a specific collector), without
interfering with the verification of the provenance of each of the
collection elements. As an example, in the case of the platform
manifests it would look like:
module: ietf-platform-manifest
+--ro platforms
+--ro platform-collection-provenance? provenance-signature
+--ro platform* [id]
+--ro platform-provenance? provenance-signature
+--ro id string
+--ro name? string
+--ro vendor? string
+ . . .
.
.
.
Note here that, to generate the YANG content to be processed in the
case of the collection the provenance leafs of the indivual elements
SHALL NOT be eliminated, as it SHALL be the case when generating the
YANG content to be processed for each individual element in the
collection.
4.2. Including a Provenance Signature in NETCONF Event Notifications
and YANG-Push Notifications
The signature mechanism proposed in this document MAY be used with
NETCONF Event Notifications [RFC5277] and YANG-Push [RFC8641] to sign
the generated notifications directly from the publisher nodes. The
signature is added to the header of the Notification along with the
eventTime leaf.
The YANG content to be processed MUST consist of the content of the
notificationContent element.
The following sections define the YANG module augmenting the ietf-
notification module.
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4.2.1. YANG Tree Diagram
The following is the YANG tree diagram [RFC8340] for the ietf-
notification-provenance augmentation within the ietf-notification.
module: ietf-notification-provenance
augment-structure /inotif:notification:
+-- notification-provenance? iyangprov:provenance-signature
And the following is the full YANG tree diagram for the notification.
module: ietf-notification
structure notification:
+-- eventTime yang:date-and-time
+-- inotifprov:notification-provenance? iyangprov:provenance-signature
4.2.2. YANG Module
The module augments ietf-notification module
[I-D.ahuang-netconf-notif-yang] adding the signature leaf in the
notification header.
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-notification-provenance@2024-02-28.yang"
module ietf-notification-provenance {
yang-version 1.1;
namespace
"urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-notification-provenance";
prefix inotifprov;
import ietf-notification {
prefix inotif;
reference
"draft-ahuang-netconf-notif-yang: NETCONF Event Notification YANG";
}
import ietf-yang-provenance {
prefix iyangprov;
reference
"RFC XXXX: Applying COSE Signatures for YANG Data Provenance";
}
import ietf-yang-structure-ext {
prefix sx;
reference
"RFC 8791: YANG Data Structure Extensions";
}
organization "IETF OPSAWG (Operations and Management Area Working Group)";
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contact
"WG Web: <https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/opsawg/>
WG List: <mailto:opsawg@ietf.org>
Authors: Alex Huang Feng
<mailto:alex.huang-feng@insa-lyon.fr>
Diego Lopez
<mailto:diego.r.lopez@telefonica.com>
Antonio Pastor
<mailto:antonio.pastorperales@telefonica.com>
Henk Birkholz
<mailto:henk.birkholz@sit.fraunhofer.de>";
description
"Defines a binary provenance-signature type to be used in other YANG
modules.
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license
terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section
4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see the RFC
itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2024-02-28 {
description
"First revision";
reference
"RFC XXXX: Applying COSE Signatures for YANG Data Provenance";
}
sx:augment-structure "/inotif:notification" {
leaf notification-provenance {
type iyangprov:provenance-signature;
description
"COSE signature of the content of the Notification for
provenance verification.";
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>
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4.3. Including Provenance as Metadata in YANG Instance Data
Provenance signature strings can be included as part of the metadata
in YANG instance data files, as defined in [RFC9195] for data at
rest. The augmented YANG tree diagram including the provenance
signature is as follows:
module: ietf-yang-instance-data-provenance
augment-structure instance-data-set:
+--provenance-string? provenance-signature
The provenance signature string in this enclosing method applies to
whole content-data element in instance-data-set, independently of
whether those data contain other provenance signature strings by
applying other enclosing methods.
The specific YANG content to be processed SHALL be generated by
taking the contents of the content-data element and applying the
corresponding canonicalization method.
TBD: Example of YANG data file with provenace strings, probably using
the same examples of [RFC9195].
4.3.1. YANG Module
TBD: YANG module derived from [RFC9195], named "ietf-yang-instance-
data-provenance"
4.4. Inclduing Provenance in YANG Annotations
The use of annotations as defined in [RFC7952] seems a natural
enclosing method, dealing with the provenance signature string as
metadata and not requiring modification of existing YANG schemas.The
provenance-string annotation is defined as follows:
md:annotation provenance-string {
type provenance-signature;
description
"This annotation contains a digital signature corresponding
to the YANG element in which it appears.";
}
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The specific YANG content to be processed SHALL be generated by
eliminating the provenance-string (encoded according to what is
described in Section 5 of [RFC7952]) from the element it applies to,
before invoking the corresponding canonicalization method. In
application of the general recursion principle for provenance
signature strings, any other provenance strings within the element to
which the provenance-string applies SHALL be left as they appear,
whatever the enclosing method used for them.
TBD: Provide an example for a provenance-string annotation, possibly
follwing the examples in [RFC7952].
4.4.1. YANG Module
TBD: YANG module based on [RFC7952], named "yang-provenance-metadata"
5. Security Considerations
The provenance assessment mechanism described in this document relies
on COSE [RFC9052] and the deterministic encoding or canonicalization
procedures described by [RFC8949], [RFC8785] and [XMLSig]. The
security considerations made in these references are fully applicable
here.
The verification step depends on the association of the kid (Key ID)
with the proper public key. This is a local matter for the verifier
and its specification is out of the scope of this document. The use
of certificates, PKI mechanisms, or any other secure distribution of
id-public key mappings is RECOMMENDED.
6. IANA Considerations
6.1. IETF XML Registry
This document registers the following URIs in the "IETF XML Registry"
[RFC3688]:
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-provenance
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-notification-provenance
Registrant Contact: The IESG.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.
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6.2. YANG Module Name
This document registers the following YANG modules in the "YANG
Module Names" registry [RFC6020]:
name: ietf-yang-provenance
namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-yang-provenance
prefix: iyangprov
reference: RFC XXXX
name: ietf-notification-provenance
namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-notification-provenance
prefix: inotifprov
reference: RFC XXXX
TBD: Others? At least for the two additional enclosing methods
(instance files and annotations)
7. References
7.1. Normative References
[I-D.ahuang-netconf-notif-yang]
Feng, A. H., Francois, P., Graf, T., and B. Claise, "YANG
model for NETCONF Event Notifications", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ahuang-netconf-notif-yang-04, 21
January 2024, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/
draft-ahuang-netconf-notif-yang-04>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3688>.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986>.
[RFC5277] Chisholm, S. and H. Trevino, "NETCONF Event
Notifications", RFC 5277, DOI 10.17487/RFC5277, July 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5277>.
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[RFC5322] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message Format", RFC 5322,
DOI 10.17487/RFC5322, October 2008,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5322>.
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6020>.
[RFC7950] Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",
RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7950>.
[RFC7951] Lhotka, L., "JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG",
RFC 7951, DOI 10.17487/RFC7951, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7951>.
[RFC7952] Lhotka, L., "Defining and Using Metadata with YANG",
RFC 7952, DOI 10.17487/RFC7952, August 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7952>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8340] Bjorklund, M. and L. Berger, Ed., "YANG Tree Diagrams",
BCP 215, RFC 8340, DOI 10.17487/RFC8340, March 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8340>.
[RFC8641] Clemm, A. and E. Voit, "Subscription to YANG Notifications
for Datastore Updates", RFC 8641, DOI 10.17487/RFC8641,
September 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8641>.
[RFC8785] Rundgren, A., Jordan, B., and S. Erdtman, "JSON
Canonicalization Scheme (JCS)", RFC 8785,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8785, June 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8785>.
[RFC8949] Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
Representation (CBOR)", STD 94, RFC 8949,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8949, December 2020,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8949>.
[RFC9052] Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
Structures and Process", STD 96, RFC 9052,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9052, August 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9052>.
Lopez, et al. Expires 2 September 2024 [Page 16]
Internet-Draft yang-data-provenance March 2024
[RFC9195] Lengyel, B. and B. Claise, "A File Format for YANG
Instance Data", RFC 9195, DOI 10.17487/RFC9195, February
2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9195>.
[RFC9254] Veillette, M., Ed., Petrov, I., Ed., Pelov, A., Bormann,
C., and M. Richardson, "Encoding of Data Modeled with YANG
in the Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR)",
RFC 9254, DOI 10.17487/RFC9254, July 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9254>.
[XMLSig] "XML Signature Syntax and Processing Version 2.0", n.d.,
<https://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core2/>.
7.2. Informative References
[YANGmanifest]
Claise, B., Quilbeuf, J., Lopez, D., Martinez-Casanueva,
I. D., and T. Graf, "A Data Manifest for Contextualized
Telemetry Data", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-
ietf-opsawg-collected-data-manifest-02, 23 October 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-
collected-data-manifest-02>.
Acknowledgments
This document is based on work partially funded by the EU H2020
project SPIRS (grant 952622), and the EU Horizon Europe projects
PRIVATEER (grant 101096110), HORSE (grant 101096342) and ACROSS
(grant 101097122).
Authors' Addresses
Diego Lopez
Telefonica
Email: diego.r.lopez@telefonica.com
Antonio Pastor
Telefonica
Email: antonio.pastorperales@telefonica.com
Alex Huang Feng
INSA-Lyon
Email: alex.huang-feng@insa-lyon.fr
Lopez, et al. Expires 2 September 2024 [Page 17]
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Henk Birkholz
Fraunhofer SIT
Rheinstrasse 75
64295 Darmstadt
Germany
Email: henk.birkholz@sit.fraunhofer.de
Lopez, et al. Expires 2 September 2024 [Page 18]
