Internet DRAFT - draft-pillay-esnault-ospf-service-distribution
draft-pillay-esnault-ospf-service-distribution
Network Working Group P. Pillay-Esnault
Internet-Draft B. Pithawala
Intended status: Standards Track D. Yeung
Expires: January 16, 2014 Cisco Systems
July 15, 2013
Service Distribution using OSPF
draft-pillay-esnault-ospf-service-distribution-02
Abstract
The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is used to carry data on
behalf of other services using the Opaque Link State Advertisements.
The protocol's flooding mechanism is well suited to cover the data
propagation requirements of services such as Traffic Engineering.
The current mechanism cannot scale for a large number of services nor
satisfy some of their new set of requirements. This document
describes a new mechanism in OSPF to support service and data
distribution for a large number of services, computation of preferred
service access points and a controlled service data exchange.
Status of This Memo
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provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on January 16, 2014.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Specification of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Requirements for service data propagation . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Typical Scenario for Services Distribution Router . . . . . . 4
5. OSPF Service Distribution Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. Storage Of Service Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
7. Mechanics of the OSPF Service Information Distribution
Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.1. Advertising and Signaling of SDR Capability . . . . . . . 6
7.2. Advertising the Service Distribution Router and its
address mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3. Advertising the Directory of Producers and Consumers . . 8
7.4. Service Routing Capable Router Operations . . . . . . . . 11
7.4.1. Operation due to Producer changes . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.4.2. Operation due to Consumer changes . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Calculation of Optimal Producer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9. Service Router Data Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.1. Implementation of SDDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
12. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
13. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
14. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
Originally, routing protocols were designed to propagate routing
related information only. With the advent of Traffic Engineering,
the IGPs started to be used as a transport mechanism. Most of the
applications using IGPs as transport are still very much limited and
confined to routing applications with similar requirements.
Today, OSPF can carry data for applications using Opaque LSAs. These
Opaque LSAs are an integral part of the OSPF database and will be
flooded, synchronized and updated just as any other LSA. However,
they do not contribute directly to any routes or trigger an SPF.
Opaque LSAs will need to be flooded across all the OSPF area or
domain and neighbor adjacencies to FULL state will depend on
successful exchange of these LSAs.
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The Link State IGPs are limited on the size of payload information
they can carry as it will be flooded and stored in every single
router all across their areas or domain regardless whether it is of
interest or not.
This document describes a new mechanism in OSPF to support service
and data distribution for a large number of services, computation of
preferred service access points and controlled distribution of
service data.
We presuppose familiarity with the contents of [RFC4970], [RFC5250],
[RFC2328] and [RFC5340] .
2. Specification of Requirements
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
3. Requirements for service data propagation
Services requirements differ from the traditional routing information
dissemination model. The service data may be unrelated to routing or
be of interest only to some routers. The new set of requirements for
using OSPF as Service Distribution Router (SDR) is as follows
Scale to a large number of services
No assumption regarding size, format or nature of the data
No assumption regarding topology
Routing and service data separated and independent
Must support cases where minimal number of routers only may be
upgraded
Must support dynamic events
Routers only store and process data of interest
Ability to compute the shortest path to a producer or consumer of
a service per IGP metrics or service metrics.
There is no assumptions regarding producers and consumers of
services, their location or uniqueness.
Secured data may reside only on some routers.
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In addition the routing requirements for OSPF as Service data
distribution are
Backward compatible with Open Standard OSPF
Minimal/No impact on routing convergence and performance
4. Typical Scenario for Services Distribution Router
A SDR is typically reachable by multiple consumers or producers of
data. The router itself may not be connected directly to any other
router with Service Distribution Capability. The intermediate
routers may have limited storage capability or cannot store the data
for security reasons.
The SDR is aware of the topological information of the other service
routers and can compute paths to the preferred Producer SDR (PSDR) or
the Consumers SDR (CSDR) of a service.The SDR will implement tables
of producers and consumers for services.
The SDR ensures that interested subscribers to a service are notified
with the latest updates.
Producers or consumers can join or leave a service at any time using
APIs. The SDR receiving the notification of "registration" or "de-
registration" flood the change of state to all the known SDRs in its
topology. Therefore, all SDR have the same view of the producers/
consumers topology.
5. OSPF Service Distribution Router
A SDR leverages OSPF's capability to store and flood the topology and
other attributes of SDR capable routers. SDRs form an overlay and do
not require to be directly connected to each other. SDRs do not need
to maintain adjacency between them other than the normal OSPF
adjacency for routing purposes. The SDRs rely on the OSPF underlying
network for reachability to other SDR routers.
SDRs advertise a directory of producers and consumers of services and
are capable to compute preferred producers. The SDRs delegate data
exchange processing to remote SDRs to an external agent. This agent
is described in detail in section 9 of this document.
The OSPF Opaque LSAs is used to carry relevant and interesting
information for reachability and nature of SDR capable routers.
In order to limit the service data dissemination costs (storage,
bandwidth, security, ..), SDRs may store only data of interest.
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Access other Distribute data to
OSPF Routers other Data Exchange Agent
^ ^
| |
| |
+----------------------------------------+
| | | |
| | | |
| +-------------+ +----------+ |
| | OSPF | | Data | |
| | |<--> | Exchange | |
| +->| | | Agent | |
| | +-------------+ +----------+ |
| | | OSPF Area DB| | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | +------------+
| | | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ |APIs | | Producer |
| | | OSPF Opaque | |(Access) | | Apps. |
| | | LSAs | | | +------------+
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | +-------------+ | | |
| | | | |
| | +---------------------v------+ |API(Update)|
| +-> | Service Data Database |<---------------+
|APIs | May be unrelated to | |(secured access)
| | routing | |
| | | API| +------------+
| | |<------->| |
| +----------------------------+ | | Consumer |
| | | Apps |
| | +------------+
+----------------------------------------+
Service Distribution Router
The OSPF Service Distribution Router
The following sections describe the extensions in OSPF protocol to
support this capability.
6. Storage Of Service Data
The service data can be stored in an independent Service Data
Database(SDD). There is no assumption made here on the size, format
or nature of data. The data can even be stored on the disk of the
router and accessible by APIs to OSPF and other applications for
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query and update. A SDD is not part of OSPF and does not participate
in the bringing up of adjacencies.
It is desirable that the service data database have a very flexible
format to cater for a broad range of applications. A possible
solution is that the database records be defined as container objects
which themselves contain service metadata.
7. Mechanics of the OSPF Service Information Distribution
Implementation
7.1. Advertising and Signaling of SDR Capability
The OSPF SDR router will identify itself to the rest of the domain by
advertising its capability and a routable ip address. For example,
this address MAY be a loopback interface configured to uniquely
identify an OSPF SDR router. A new bit for SDR capability is
reserved in the Router Information Capabilities TLV of the Router
Information LSA, as defined in section 2.1 of [RFC4970].
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| LS age | Options | 11 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 4 | 0 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Advertising Router |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| LS sequence number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| LS checksum | length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+- TLVs -+
| ... |
The OSPF Router Information LSA
Flooding scope for AS 11
The format of the Router Informational Capabilities TLV is defined in
2.3 and 2.4 of [RFC4970]
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Informational Capabilities |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The Router Informational Capabilities TLV
A new informational capability bit is defined for Service
Distribution Routers
Bit Capabilities
6 Service Distribution Router Capability
7.2. Advertising the Service Distribution Router and its address
mapping
A new TLV is defined in the Router Information LSA is used to
advertise a routable address to reach the router.
TLV
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 2 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Address Format | Address length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reachable IPv4/IPv6 address mapping to SDR |
: :
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SDR Metric | Type of metric |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Service router TLV and address Mapping
Type: A 16-bit field set to 2 representing the Service
Distribution Router Address Mapping This TLV is applicable both to
OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the value
portion in octets.
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Address Format: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the
value portion in octets.
Possible values
1 : IPv4 Address
2 : IPv6 Address
Address Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the
value portion in octets.
Address : Routable IPv4/IPv6 address mapped to SDR
SDR metric: A 16-bit field that indicates SDR metric greater than
0.
Type of metric:
0 : None defined - Ignore SDR Metric
1 : SDR metric overrides the IGP metric
2 : Computed metric is composite of IGP metric + SDR metric
7.3. Advertising the Directory of Producers and Consumers
Opaque LSAs with autonomous system flooding scope as described in
[RFC5250], are used to describe the services reachable through this
router using TLVs.
Definition of TLV
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 3 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Producer | Number of services(subTLVs) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sub TLV Description Serv n :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ~
: . :
~+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+~
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| Sub TLV Description Serv m |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subscriber | Number of services of interest (SubTLVs) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sub TLV Subscribe Serv x :
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ~
: . :
~+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+~
| Sub TLV Subscribe Serv y |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
: . :
Example of TLV for Directory of Producers and Subscribers
Type: A 16-bit field set to 3 representing the Directory of the
Service Distribution Router. This TLV is applicable both to OSPFv2
and OSPFv3.
Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the value portion
in octets.
Services are described in a unique sub-TLV. The sub-TLV should
contain a Service Identifier which uniquely identifies the service
with network wide significance. The sub-TLV format should be
flexible and it MAY be used to advertise a preference metric for the
service.
TLV
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 1 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Service ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|Service metric | Type of metric |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Service Description Sub-TLV
Type: A 16-bit field set to 1 representing the Service Description
Sub-TLV This TLV is applicable both to OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the value portion
in octets.
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Service ID: A 32-bit field representing the Service Identifier. This
TLV is applicable both to OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Service Metric: A 16-bit field that indicates the metric associated
with the service. A metric of 0 would represent undefined. An
unreachable or oversubscribed service has a metric of 0xFFFFFFFF.
Type of metric:
0 : None defined - Ignore Service Metric
1 : Service metric overrides the IGP/SDR metric
2 : Computed metric is composite of IGP metric + SDR metric +
Service metric
The Services of interest (Consumers exist) are described in a unique
sub-TLV. The sub-TLV should contain a Service Identifier which
uniquely identifies the service with network wide significance. The
sub-TLV format should be flexible and MUST contained the preferred
SDR ID. If no producer exists yet for the service then the Preferred
SDR ID should be set to 0.
TLV
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| 2 | Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Service ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| PSDR ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Service Subscription Sub-TLV
Type: A 16-bit field set to 2 representing the Service Subscription
Sub-TLV This TLV is applicable both to OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
Length: A 16-bit field that indicates the length of the value portion
in octets.
Service ID: A 32-bit field representing the Service Identifier. A
Service Identifier may only be defined in a unique sub-tlv. This TLV
is applicable both to OSPFv2 and OSPFv3.
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PSDR ID: A 32-bit field that indicates the PSDR for data exchange.
Set to 0 if there is no producer for the service.
The topological view and characteristics of the OSPF Overlay Service
Distribution Routers can be used to compute preferred producer
independent of IGP metrics. It is possible to have multiple LSAs for
large directories however a service must be described in a unique
sub-tlv for the SDR.
7.4. Service Routing Capable Router Operations
The additional requirements are
No assumption on topology
Multiple producers may exists
Multiple consumers can all have different service interest
Producers/Consumers may join and leave at anytime
Consumers and Producers have access to the Service Data database
The SDR capable routers advertise the consumers who subscribe to a
service. The producers may connect to the SDR router to update the
services/data in the Service Data database. The SDR router then
builds the Opaque LSA describing the producer services which are
reachable through it as well as the services its consumers are
interested in.
When the router has a full neighbor relationship, it now has the
topological view of all SDR capable routers in the domain as well as
the services they offer and are interested in.
Leveraging the fact that the OSPF has already run its SPF, the
reachability of overlay SDR capable routers and services offered. It
is possible to calculate the preferred Producer SDR for a service by
using a composite of the IGP metric, the SDR metric and the service
metric. The list of preferred producers for a service can then be
evaluated at each SDR.
The list of Consumer SDRs interested in service can also easily be
computed from the directory of consumers.
7.4.1. Operation due to Producer changes
The producer service operations are
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New producer advertises a service
Existing Producer start advertising a new service
Existing Producer stops advertising a service.
The router will be notified by the application regarding the new
producer and the services offered. The router will then either
update or create an Opaque LSA to advertise this new information and
flood it to all SR routers.
Upon receiving this information, remote SDR routers can recalculate
the preferred PSDR. It may also need to perform some operations if
it have consumers for this new service.
7.4.2. Operation due to Consumer changes
The consumer service operations are
A new consumer join and add subscription
An existing consumer stops subscriptions
An existing consumer adds subscriptions
The router will be notified by the application regarding the new
consumer and the services it is interested in. The router will then
either update or create an Opaque LSA to advertise this new
information and flood it to all SDR routers.
Upon receipt of the new Opaque LSA the remote SDR routers can then
update the list of CSDRs interested in their services per latest
information.
8. Calculation of Optimal Producer
Leveraging OSPF capability to store and compute paths on a topology,
the same mechanisms can be used to compute the Optimal PSDRs using
the SPF for SDR reachable address using IGP metrics, SDR metric and
the service metric. The Optimal PSDR is used in the consumer subtlv.
9. Service Router Data Operations
OSPF SDR delegates the task of SDD distribution to the Data Exchange
Agent. This text defines an implementation of such an agent and
named it the Service Data Distribution Agent (SDDA). OSPF SDR
provides SDDA information about which Consumer SDR is interested
which service provided by this OSPF (Producer) SDR. The SDDA makes
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use of such information to setup distribution channel for SDD
distribution from this OSPF Producer SDR to other OSPF Consumer SDRs.
For each OSPF Consumer SDR which subscribes to at least one service
provided by this OSPF Producer SDR, there will be a different
distribution channel created.
The distribution channel is setup when the OSPF Consumer SDR has
subscribed to its first service provided by this OSPF Producer SDR.
When the OSPF Consumer SDR subscribes to additional service provided
by this OSPF Producer SDR, service data for the new service will be
carried over the existing distribution channel. In order words, the
same distribution channel can carry service data for different
services. The services carried are said to be bound to the
distribution channel.
When a distribution channel is first setup for a service or a new
service is bound to the channel, the SDDA will notify the SDD. In
turn, the SDD will send the latest data for that service to the SDDA
for distribution over that channel.
On the other hand, whenever the SDD has new version of data for a
service, the SDD will send those data to the SDDA, which will
distribute the new data to all the distribution channels which carry
the service.
9.1. Implementation of SDDA
The SDDA can be implemented in many ways and beyond the scope of this
document. For example, the SDDA can use BGP capability to transport
service data as described in [BGPSERV] as its transport protocol for
service data distribution.
10. Security Considerations
The new extensions defined in this document do not introduce any new
security concerns other than those already defined in Section 6 of
[RFC2328] and [RFC5340].
11. IANA Considerations
This document has no actions for IANA.
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12. Contributors
The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of
Mike Dubroskiy
Rashmi Shrivastava
Jean-Michel Esnault
13. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Les Ginsberg, Keyur Patel and many
others who participated in numerous discussions.
This document was produced using Marshall Rose's xml2rfc tool.
14. Normative References
[BGPSERV] Patel, K., Medved, J., Fernando, R., and B. Pithawala,
"Service Advertisement using BGP", April 2013, <http://
www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-keyupate-bgp-
services-02>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2328] Moy, J., "OSPF Version 2", RFC 2328, April 1998.
[RFC4970] Lindem, A., Shen, N., Vasseur, JP., Aggarwal, R., and S.
Shaffer, "Extensions to OSPF for Advertising Optional
Router Capabilities", RFC 4970, July 2007.
[RFC5250] Berger, L., Bryskin, I., Zinin, A., and R. Coltun, "The
OSPF Opaque LSA Option", RFC 5250, July 2008.
[RFC5340] Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPF
for IPv6", RFC 5340, July 2008.
Authors' Addresses
Padma Pillay-Esnault
Cisco Systems
510 McCarty Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
USA
EMail: ppe@cisco.com
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Burjiz Pithawala
Cisco Systems
510 McCarty Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
USA
EMail: bpithaw@cisco.com
Derek Yeung
Cisco Systems
510 McCarty Blvd
Milpitas, CA 95035
USA
EMail: myeung@cisco.com
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