Internet DRAFT - draft-rabadan-bess-dci-evpn-overlay
draft-rabadan-bess-dci-evpn-overlay
BESS Workgroup J. Rabadan
Internet Draft S. Sathappan
Intended status: Standards Track W. Henderickx
S. Palislamovic
R. Shekhar Alcatel-Lucent
A. Lohiya
Juniper F. Balus
Nuage Networks
A. Sajassi
D. Cai
Cisco
Expires: April 27, 2015 October 24, 2014
Interconnect Solution for EVPN Overlay networks
draft-rabadan-bess-dci-evpn-overlay-00
Abstract
This document describes how Network Virtualization Overlay networks
(NVO) can be connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN) in order to
extend the layer-2 connectivity required for some tenants. The
solution analyzes the interaction between NVO networks running EVPN
and other L2VPN technologies used in the WAN, such as VPLS/PBB-VPLS
or EVPN/PBB-EVPN, and proposes a solution for the interworking
between both.
Status of this Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on April 27, 2015.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Decoupled Interconnect solution for EVPN overlay networks . . . 3
2.1. Interconnect requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. VLAN-based hand-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. PW-based (Pseudowire-based) hand-off . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4. Multi-homing solution on the GWs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5. Gateway Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5.1 Use of the Unknown MAC route to reduce unknown
flooding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.5.2. MAC address advertisement control . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5.3. ARP flooding control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5.4. Handling failures between GW and WAN Edge routers . . . 7
3. Integrated Interconnect solution for EVPN overlay networks . . 8
3.1. Interconnect requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2. VPLS Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks . . . . . . . . 10
3.2.1. Control/Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs . . . . 10
3.2.2. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3. PBB-VPLS Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks . . . . . . 11
3.3.1. Control/Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs . . . . 11
3.3.2. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4. EVPN-MPLS Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks . . . . . 12
3.4.1. Control Plane setup procedures on the GWs . . . . . . . 12
3.4.2. Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs . . . . . . . . 13
3.4.3. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.4.4. Impact on MAC Mobility procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 15
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3.4.5. Gateway optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4.6. Benefits of the EVPN-MPLS Interconnect solution . . . . 16
3.5. PBB-EVPN Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks . . . . . . 17
3.5.1. Control/Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs . . . . 17
3.5.2. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.5.3. Impact on MAC Mobility procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.5.4. Gateway optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.6. EVPN-VXLAN Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks . . . . . 18
3.6.1. Globally unique VNIs in the Interconnect network . . . 19
3.6.2. Downstream assigned VNIs in the Interconnect network . 19
5. Conventions and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1. Introduction
[EVPN-Overlays] discusses the use of EVPN as the control plane for
Network Virtualization Overlay (NVO) networks, where VXLAN, NVGRE or
MPLS over GRE can be used as possible data plane encapsulation
options.
While this model provides a scalable and efficient multi-tenant
solution within the Data Center, it might not be easily extended to
the WAN in some cases due to the requirements and existing deployed
technologies. For instance, a Service Provider might have an already
deployed (PBB-)VPLS or (PBB-)EVPN network that must be used to
interconnect Data Centers and WAN VPN users. A Gateway (GW) function
is required in these cases.
This document describes a Interconnect solution for EVPN overlay
networks, assuming that the NVO Gateway (GW) and the WAN Edge
functions can be decoupled in two separate systems or integrated into
the same system. The former option will be referred as "Decoupled
Interconnect solution" throughout the document whereas the latter one
will be referred as "Integrated Interconnect solution".
2. Decoupled Interconnect solution for EVPN overlay networks
This section describes the interconnect solution when the GW and WAN
Edge functions are implemented in different systems. Figure 1 depicts
the reference model described in this section.
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+--+
|CE|
+--+
|
+----+
+----| PE |----+
+---------+ | +----+ | +---------+
+----+ | +---+ +----+ +----+ +---+ | +----+
|NVE1|--| | | |WAN | |WAN | | | |--|NVE3|
+----+ | |GW1|--|Edge| |Edge|--|GW3| | +----+
| +---+ +----+ +----+ +---+ |
| NVO-1 | | WAN | | NVO-2 |
| +---+ +----+ +----+ +---+ |
| | | |WAN | |WAN | | | |
+----+ | |GW2|--|Edge| |Edge|--|GW4| | +----+
|NVE2|--| +---+ +----+ +----+ +---+ |--|NVE4|
+----+ +---------+ | | +---------+ +----+
+--------------+
|<-EVPN-Overlay-->|<-VLAN->|<-WAN L2VPN->|<--PW-->|<--EVPN-Overlay->|
hand-off hand-off
Figure 1 Decoupled Interconnect model
The following section describes the interconnect requirements for
this model.
2.1. Interconnect requirements
This proposed Interconnect architecture will be normally deployed in
networks where the EVPN-Overlay and WAN providers are different
entities and a clear demarcation is needed. The solution must observe
the following requirements:
o A simple connectivity hand-off must be provided between the EVPN-
Overlay network provider and the WAN provider so that QoS and
security enforcement are easily accomplished.
o The solution must be independent of the L2VPN technology deployed
in the WAN.
o Multi-homing between GW and WAN Edge routers is required. Per-
service load balancing MUST be supported. Per-flow load balancing
MAY be supported but it is not a strong requirement since a
deterministic path per service is usually required for an easy QoS
and security enforcement.
o Ethernet OAM and Connectivity Fault Management (CFM) functions must
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be supported between the EVPN-Overlay network and the WAN network.
o The following optimizations MAY be supported at the GW:
+ Flooding reduction of unknown unicast traffic sourced from the DC
Network Virtualization Edge devices (NVEs).
+ Control of the WAN MAC addresses advertised to the DC.
+ ARP flooding control for the requests coming from the WAN.
2.2. VLAN-based hand-off
In this option, the hand-off between the GWs and the WAN Edge routers
is based on 802.1Q VLANs. This is illustrated in Figure 1 (between
the GWs in NVO-1 and the WAN Edge routers). Each MAC-VRF in the GW is
connected to a different VSI/MAC-VRF instance in the WAN Edge router
by using a different C-TAG VLAN ID or a different combination of
S/C-TAG VLAN IDs that matches at both sides.
This option provides the best possible demarcation between the DC and
WAN providers and it does not require control plane interaction
between both providers. The disadvantage of this model is the
provisioning overhead since the service must be mapped to a S/C-TAG
VLAN ID combination at both, GW and WAN Edge routers.
In this model, the GW acts as a regular Network Virtualization Edge
(NVE) towards the DC. Its control plane, data plane procedures and
interactions are described in [EVPN-Overlays].
The WAN Edge router acts as a (PBB-)VPLS or (PBB-)EVPN PE with
attachment circuits (ACs) to the GWs. Its functions are described in
[RFC4761][RFC4762][RFC6074] or [EVPN][PBB-EVPN].
2.3. PW-based (Pseudowire-based) hand-off
If MPLS can be enabled between the GW and the WAN Edge router, a PW-
based Interconnect solution can be deployed. In this option the
hand-off between both routers is based on FEC128-based PWs or FEC129-
based PWs (for a greater level of network automation). Note that this
model still provides a clear demarcation boundary between DC and WAN,
and security/QoS policies may be applied on a per PW basis. This
model provides better scalability than a C-TAG based hand-off and
less provisioning overhead than a combined C/S-TAG hand-off. The
PW-based hand-off interconnect is illustrated in Figure 1 (between
the NVO-2 GWs and the WAN Edge routers).
In this model, besides the usual MPLS procedures between GW and WAN
Edge router, the GW MUST support an interworking function in each
MAC-VRF that requires extension to the WAN:
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o If a FEC128-based PW is used between the MAC-VRF (GW) and the VSI
(WAN Edge), the provisioning of the VCID for such PW MUST be
supported on the MAC-VRF and must match the VCID used in the peer
VSI at the WAN Edge router.
o If BGP Auto-discovery [RFC6074] and FEC129-based PWs are used
between the GW MAC-VRF and the WAN Edge VSI, the provisioning of
the VPLS-ID MUST be supported on the MAC-VRF and must match the
VPLS-ID used in the WAN Edge VSI.
2.4. Multi-homing solution on the GWs
As already discussed, single-active multi-homing, i.e. per-service
load-balancing multi-homing MUST be supported in this type of
interconnect. All-active multi-homing may be considered in future
revisions of this document.
The GWs will be provisioned with a unique ESI per WAN interconnect
and the hand-off attachment circuits or PWs between the GW and the
WAN Edge router will be assigned to such ESI. The ESI will be
administratively configured on the GWs according to the procedures in
[EVPN]. This Interconnect ESI will be referred as "I-ESI" hereafter.
The solution (on the GWs) MUST follow the single-active multi-homing
procedures as described in [EVPN-Overlays] for the provisioned I-ESI,
i.e. Ethernet A-D routes per ESI and per EVI will be advertised to
the DC NVEs. The MAC addresses learnt (in the data plane) on the
hand-off links will be advertised with the I-ESI encoded in the ESI
field.
2.5. Gateway Optimizations
The following features MAY be supported on the GW in order to
optimize the control plane and data plane in the DC.
2.5.1 Use of the Unknown MAC route to reduce unknown flooding
The use of EVPN in the NVO networks brings a significant number of
benefits as described in [EVPN-Overlays]. There are however some
potential issues that SHOULD be addressed when the DC EVIs are
connected to the WAN VPN instances.
The first issue is the additional unknown unicast flooding created in
the DC due to the unknown MACs existing beyond the GW. In virtualized
DCs where all the MAC addresses are learnt in the control/management
plane, unknown unicast flooding is significantly reduced. This is no
longer true if the GW is connected to a layer-2 domain with data
plane learning.
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The solution suggested in this document is based on the use of an
"Unknown MAC route" that is advertised by the Designated Forwarder
GW. The Unknown MAC route is a regular EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement
route where the MAC Address Length is set to 48 and the MAC address
to 00:00:00:00:00:00 (IP length is set to 0).
If this procedure is used, when an EVI is created in the GWs and the
Designated Forwarder (DF) is elected, the DF will send the Unknown
MAC route. The NVEs supporting this concept will prune their unknown
unicast flooding list and will only send the unknown unicast packets
to the owner of the Unknown MAC route. Note that the I-ESI will be
encoded in the ESI field of the NLRI so that regular multi-homing
procedures can be applied to this unknown MAC too (e.g. backup-path).
2.5.2. MAC address advertisement control
Another issue derived from the EVI interconnect to the WAN layer-2
domain is the potential massive MAC advertisement into the DC. All
the MAC addresses learnt from the WAN on the hand-off attachment
circuits or PWs must be advertised by BGP EVPN. Even if optimized BGP
techniques like RT-constraint are used, the amount of MAC addresses
to advertise or withdraw (in case of failure) from the GWs can be
difficult to control and overwhelming for the DC network, especially
when the NVEs reside in the hypervisors.
This document proposes the addition of administrative options so that
the user can enable/disable the advertisement of MAC addresses learnt
from the WAN as well as the advertisement of the Unknown MAC route
from the DF GW. In cases where all the DC MAC addresses are learnt in
the control/management plane, the GW may disable the advertisement of
WAN MAC addresses. Any frame with unknown destination MAC will be
exclusively sent to the Unknown MAC route owner(s).
2.5.3. ARP flooding control
Another optimization mechanism, naturally provided by EVPN in the
GWs, is the Proxy ARP/ND function. The GWs SHOULD build a Proxy
ARP/ND cache table as per [EVPN]. When the active GW receives an
ARP/ND request/solicitation coming from the WAN, the GW does a Proxy
ARP/ND table lookup and replies as long as the information is
available in its table.
This mechanism is especially recommended on the GWs since it protects
the DC network from external ARP/ND-flooding storms.
2.5.4. Handling failures between GW and WAN Edge routers
Link/PE failures MUST be handled on the GWs as specified in [EVPN].
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The GW detecting the failure will withdraw the EVPN routes as per
[EVPN].
Individual AC/PW failures should be detected by OAM mechanisms. For
instance:
o If the Interconnect solution is based on a VLAN hand-off,
802.1ag/Y.1731 Ethernet-CFM MAY be used to detect individual AC
failures on both, the GW and WAN Edge router. An individual AC
failure will trigger the withdrawal of the corresponding A-D per
EVI route as well as the MACs learnt on that AC.
o If the Interconnect solution is based on a PW hand-off, the LDP PW
Status bits TLV MAY be used to detect individual PW failures on
both, the GW and WAN Edge router.
3. Integrated Interconnect solution for EVPN overlay networks
When the DC and the WAN are operated by the same administrative
entity, the Service Provider can decide to integrate the GW and WAN
Edge PE functions in the same router for obvious CAPEX and OPEX
saving reasons. This is illustrated in Figure 2. Note that this model
does not provide an explicit demarcation link between DC and WAN
anymore.
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+--+
|CE|
+--+
|
+----+
+----| PE |----+
+---------+ | +----+ | +---------+
+----+ | +---+ +---+ | +----+
|NVE1|--| | | | | |--|NVE3|
+----+ | |GW1| |GW3| | +----+
| +---+ +---+ |
| NVO-1 | WAN | NVO-2 |
| +---+ +---+ |
| | | | | |
+----+ | |GW2| |GW4| | +----+
|NVE2|--| +---+ +---+ |--|NVE4|
+----+ +---------+ | | +---------+ +----+
+--------------+
|<--EVPN-Overlay--->|<-----VPLS--->|<---EVPN-Overlay-->|
|<--PBB-VPLS-->|
Interconnect -> |<-EVPN-MPLS-->|
options |<--EVPN-Ovl-->|
|<--PBB-EVPN-->|
Figure 2 Integrated Interconnect model
3.1. Interconnect requirements
The solution must observe the following requirements:
o The GW function must provide control plane and data plane
interworking between the EVPN-overlay network and the L2VPN
technology supported in the WAN, i.e. (PBB-)VPLS or (PBB-)EVPN, as
depicted in Figure 2.
o Multi-homing MUST be supported. Single-active multi-homing with
per-service load balancing MUST be implemented. All-active multi-
homing, i.e. per-flow load-balancing, MUST be implemented as long
as the technology deployed in the WAN supports it.
o If EVPN is deployed in the WAN, the MAC Mobility, Static MAC
protection and other procedures (e.g. proxy-arp) described in
[EVPN] must be supported end-to-end.
o Any type of inclusive multicast tree MUST be independently
supported in the WAN as per [EVPN], and in the DC as per [EVPN-
Overlays].
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3.2. VPLS Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks
3.2.1. Control/Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs
Regular MPLS tunnels and TLDP/BGP sessions will be setup to the WAN
PEs and RRs as per [RFC4761][RFC4762][RFC6074] and overlay tunnels
and EVPN will be setup as per [EVPN-Overlays]. Note that different
route-targets for the DC and for the WAN are normally required. A
single type-1 RD per service can be used.
In order to support multi-homing, the GWs will be provisioned with an
I-ESI (see section 2.4), that will be unique per interconnection. All
the [EVPN] procedures are still followed for the I-ESI, e.g. any MAC
address learnt from the WAN will be advertised to the DC with the
I-ESI in the ESI field.
A MAC-VRF per EVI will be created in each GW. The MAC-VRF will have
two different types of tunnel bindings instantiated in two different
split-horizon-groups:
o VPLS PWs will be instantiated in the "WAN split-horizon-group".
o Overlay tunnel bindings (e.g. VXLAN, NVGRE) will be instantiated
in the "DC split-horizon-group".
Attachment circuits are also supported on the same MAC-VRF, but they
will not be part of any of the above split-horizon-groups.
Traffic received in a given split-horizon-group will never be
forwarded to a member of the same split-horizon-group.
As far as BUM flooding is concerned, a flooding list will be created
with the sub-list created by the inclusive multicast routes and the
sub-list created for VPLS in the WAN. BUM frames received from a
local attachment circuit will be flooded to both sub-lists. BUM
frames received from the DC or the WAN will be forwarded to the
flooding list observing the split-horizon-group rule described above.
Note that the GWs are not allowed to have an EVPN binding and a PW to
the same far-end within the same MAC-VRF in order to avoid loops and
packet duplication. This is described in [EVPN-VPLS-INTEGRATION].
The optimizations procedures described in section 2.5 can also be
applied to this model.
3.2.2. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs
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Single-active multi-homing MUST be supported on the GWs. All-active
multi-homing is not supported by VPLS.
All the single-active multi-homing procedures as described by [EVPN-
Overlays] will be followed for the I-ESI.
The non-DF GW for the I-ESI will block the transmission and reception
of all the bindings in the "WAN split-horizon-group" for BUM and
unicast traffic.
3.3. PBB-VPLS Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks
3.3.1. Control/Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs
In this case, there is no impact on the procedures described in
[RFC7041] for the B-component. However the I-component instances
become EVI instances with EVPN-Overlay bindings and potentially local
attachment circuits. M MAC-VRF instances can be multiplexed into the
same B-component instance. This option provides significant savings
in terms of PWs to be maintained in the WAN.
The I-ESI concept described in section 3.2.1 will also be used for
the PBB-VPLS-based Interconnect.
B-component PWs and I-component EVPN-overlay bindings established to
the same far-end will be compared. The following rules will be
observed:
o Attempts to setup a PW between the two GWs within the B-
component context will never be blocked.
o If a PW exists between two GWs for the B-component and an
attempt is made to setup an EVPN binding on an I-component linked
to that B-component, the EVPN binding will be kept operationally
down. Note that the BGP EVPN routes will still be valid but not
used.
o The EVPN binding will only be up and used as long as there is no
PW to the same far-end in the corresponding B-component. The EVPN
bindings in the I-components will be brought down before the PW in
the B-component is brought up.
The optimizations procedures described in section 2.5 can also be
applied to this Interconnect option.
3.3.2. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs
Single-active multi-homing MUST be supported on the GWs.
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All the single-active multi-homing procedures as described by [EVPN-
Overlays] will be followed for the I-ESI for each EVI instance
connected to B-component.
3.4. EVPN-MPLS Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks
If EVPN for MPLS tunnels, EVPN-MPLS hereafter, is supported in the
WAN, an end-to-end EVPN solution can be deployed. The following
sections describe the proposed solution as well as the impact
required on the [EVPN] procedures.
3.4.1. Control Plane setup procedures on the GWs
The GWs MUST establish separate BGP sessions for sending/receiving
EVPN routes to/from the DC and to/from the WAN. Normally each GW will
setup one (two) BGP EVPN session(s) to the DC RR(s) and one(two)
session(s) to the WAN RR(s). The same route-distinguisher (RD) per
MAC-VRF can be used for the EVPN routes sent to both, WAN and DC RRs.
On the contrary, although reusing the same value is possible,
different route-targets are expected to be handled for the same EVI
in the WAN and the DC.
As in the other discussed options, an I-ESI will be configured on the
GWs for multi-homing.
Received EVPN routes will never be reflected on the GWs but consumed
and re-advertised (if needed):
o Ethernet A-D routes, ES routes and inclusive multicast routes
are consumed by the GWs and processed locally for the
corresponding [EVPN] procedures.
o MAC/IP advertisement routes will be received, imported and if
they become active in the MAC-VRF MAC FIB, the information will
be re-advertised as new routes with the following fields:
+ The RD will be the GW's RD for the MAC-VRF.
+ The ESI will be set to the I-ESI.
+ The Ethernet-tag will be 0 or a new value.
+ The MAC length, MAC address, IP Length and IP address values
will be kept from the received DC NLRI.
+ The MPLS label will be a local value (when sent to the WAN) or
a DC-global value (when sent to the DC).
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+ The appropriate Route-Targets (RTs) and [RFC5512] BGP
Encapsulation extended community will be used according to
[EVPN-Overlays].
The GWs will also generate the following local EVPN routes that will
be sent to the DC and WAN, with their corresponding RTs and [RFC5512]
BGP Encapsulation extended community values:
o ES route for the I-ESI.
o Ethernet A-D routes per ESI and EVI for the I-ESI.
o Inclusive multicast routes with independent tunnel type value
for the WAN and DC. E.g. a P2MP LSP may be used in the WAN
whereas ingress replication is used in the DC.
o MAC/IP advertisement routes for MAC addresses learnt in local
attachment circuits. Note that these routes will not include the
I-ESI, but ESI=0 or different from 0 for local Ethernet Segments
(ES).
Note that each GW will receive two copies of each of the above routes
generated by the peer GW (one copy for the DC encapsulation and one
copy for the WAN encapsulation). This is the expected behavior on the
GW:
o ES and A-D (per ESI) routes: regular BGP selection will be
applied.
o Inclusive multicast routes: if the Ethernet Tag ID matches on
both routes, regular BGP selection applies and only one route
will be active. It is recommended to influence the BGP selection
so that the DC route is preferred. If the Ethernet Tag ID does
not match, then BGP will consider them two separate routes. In
that case, the MAC-VRF will select the DC route.
o MAC/IP advertisement routes for local attachment circuits: as
above, the GW will select only one. The decision will be made at
BGP or MAC-RVRF level, depending on the Ethernet Tags.
The optimizations procedures described in section 2.5 can also be
applied to this option.
3.4.2. Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs
The procedure explained at the end of the previous section will make
sure there are no loops or packet duplication between the GWs of the
same DC since only one EVPN binding will be setup in the data plane
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between the two nodes.
As for the rest of the EVPN tunnel bindings, two flooding lists will
be setup by each GW for the same MAC-VRF:
o EVPN-overlay flooding list (composed of bindings to the remote
NVEs or multicast tunnel to the NVEs).
o EVPN-MPLS flooding list (composed of MP2P and or LSM tunnel to
the remote PEs)
Each flooding list will be part of a separate split-horizon-group.
Traffic generated from a local AC can be flooded to both
split-horizon-groups. Traffic from a binding of a split-horizon-group
can be flooded to the other split-horizon-group and local ACs, but
never to a member of its own split-horizon-group.
3.4.3. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs
Single-active as well as all-active multi-homing MUST be supported.
All the multi-homing procedures as described by [EVPN] will be
followed for the DF election for I-ESI, as well as the backup-path
(single-active) and aliasing (all-active) procedures on the remote
PEs/NVEs. The following changes are required at the GW with respect
to the I-ESI:
o Single-active multi-homing; assuming a WAN split-horizon-group,
a DC split-horizon-group and local ACs on the GWs:
+ Forwarding behavior on the non-DF: the non-DF MUST NOT forward
BUM or unicast traffic received from a given split-horizon-
group to a member of his own split-horizon group or to the
other split-horizon-group. Only forwarding to local ACs is
allowed (as long as they are not part of an ES for which the
node is non-DF).
+ Forwarding behavior on the DF: the DF MUST NOT forward BUM or
unicast traffic received from a given split-horizon-group to a
member of his own split-horizon group or to the non-DF.
Forwarding to the other split-horizon-group and local ACs is
allowed (as long as they are not part of an ES for which the
node is non-DF).
o All-active multi-homing; assuming a WAN split-horizon-group, a
DC split-horizon-group and local ACs on the GWs:
+ Forwarding behavior on the non-DF: the non-DF follows the same
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behavior as the non-DF in the single-active case but only for
BUM traffic. Unicast traffic received from a split-horizon-
group MUST NOT be forwarded to a member of its own split-
horizon-group but can be forwarded normally to the other
split-horizon-group and local ACs. If a known unicast packet
is identified as a "flooded" packet, the procedures for BUM
traffic MUST be followed.
+ Forwarding behavior on the DF: the DF follows the same
behavior as the DF in the single-active case but only for BUM
traffic. Unicast traffic received from a split-horizon-group
MUST NOT be forwarded to a member of its own split-horizon-
group but can be forwarded normally to the other split-
horizon-group and local ACs. If a known unicast packet is
identified as a "flooded" packet, the procedures for BUM
traffic MUST be followed.
o No ESI label is required to be signaled for I-ESI for its use by
the non-DF in the data path. This is possible because the non-DF
and the DF will never forward BUM traffic (coming from a split-
horizon-group) to each other.
3.4.4. Impact on MAC Mobility procedures
Since the MAC/IP Advertisement routes are not reflected in the GWs
but rather consumed and re-advertised if active, the MAC Mobility
procedures can be constrained to each domain (DC or WAN) and resolved
within each domain. In other words, if a MAC moves within the DC, the
GW MUST NOT re-advertise the route to the WAN with a change in the
sequence number. Only when the MAC moves from the WAN domain to the
DC domain, the GW will re-advertise the MAC with a higher sequence
number in the MAC Mobility extended community. In respect to the MAC
Mobility procedures described in [EVPN] the MAC addresses learnt from
the NVEs in the local DC or on the local ACs will be considered as
local.
The sequence numbers MUST NOT be propagated between domains. The
sticky bit indication in the MAC Mobility extended community MUST be
propagated between domains.
3.4.5. Gateway optimizations
All the Gateway optimizations described in section 2.5 MAY be applied
to the GWs when the Interconnect is based on EVPN-MPLS.
In particular, the use of the Unknown MAC route, as described in
section 2.5.1, reduces the unknown flooding in the DC but also solves
some transient packet duplication issues in cases of all-active
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multi-homing. This is explained in the following paragraph.
Consider the diagram in Figure 2 for EVPN-MPLS Interconnect and all-
active multi-homing, and the following sequence:
a) MAC Address M1 is advertised from NVE3 in EVI-1.
b) GW3 and GW4 learn M1 for EVI-1 and re-advertise M1 to the WAN
with I-ESI-2 in the ESI field.
c) GW1 and GW2 learn M1 and install GW3/GW4 as next-hops following
the EVPN aliasing procedures.
d) Before NVE1 learns M1, a packet arrives to NVE1 with
destination M1. The packet is subsequently flooded.
e) Since both GW1 and GW2 know M1, they both forward the packet to
the WAN (hence creating packet duplication), unless there is an
indication in the data plane that the packet from NVE1 has been
flooded. If the GWs signal the same VNI/VSID for MAC/IP
advertisement and inclusive multicast routes for EVI-1, such
data plane indication does not exist.
This undesired situation can be avoided by the use of the Unknown-
MAC-route. If this route is used, the NVEs will prune their unknown
unicast flooding list, and the non-DF GW will not received unknown
packets, only the DF will. This solves the MAC duplication issue
described above.
3.4.6. Benefits of the EVPN-MPLS Interconnect solution
Besides retaining the EVPN attributes between Data Centers and
throughout the WAN, the EVPN-MPLS Interconnect solution on the GWs
has some benefits compared to pure BGP EVPN RR or Inter-AS model B
solutions without a gateway:
o The solution supports the connectivity of local attachment
circuits on the GWs.
o Different data plane encapsulations can be supported in the DC
and the WAN.
o Optimized multicast solution, with independent inclusive
multicast trees in DC and WAN.
o MPLS Label aggregation: for the case where MPLS labels are
signaled from the NVEs for MAC/IP Advertisement routes, this
solution provides label aggregation. A remote PE MAY receive a
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single label per GW MAC-VRF as opposed to a label per NVE/MAC-
VRF connected to the GW MAC-VRF. For instance, in Figure 2, PE
would receive only one label for all the routes advertised for a
given MAC-VRF from GW1, as opposed to a label per NVE/MAC-VRF.
o The GW will not propagate MAC mobility for the MACs moving
within a DC. Mobility intra-DC is solved by all the NVEs in the
DC. The MAC Mobility procedures on the GWs are only required in
case of mobility across DCs.
o Proxy-ARP/ND function on the DGWs can be leveraged to reduce
ARP/ND flooding in the DC or/and in the WAN.
3.5. PBB-EVPN Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks
[PBB-EVPN] is yet another Interconnect option. It requires the use of
GWs where I-components and associated B-components are EVI
instances.
3.5.1. Control/Data Plane setup procedures on the GWs
EVPN will run independently in both components, the I-component MAC-
VRF and B-component MAC-VRF. Compared to [PBB-EVPN], the DC C-MACs
are no longer learnt in the data plane on the GW but in the control
plane through EVPN running on the I-component. Remote C-MACs coming
from remote PEs are still learnt in the data plane. B-MACs in the B-
component will be assigned and advertised following the procedures
described in [PBB-EVPN].
An I-ESI will be configured on the GWs for multi-homing, but it will
only be used in the EVPN control plane for the I-component EVI. No
non-reserved ESIs will be used in the control plane of the B-
component EVI as per [PBB-EVPN].
The rest of the control plane procedures will follow [EVPN] for the
I-component EVI and [PBB-EVPN] for the B-component EVI.
From the data plane perspective, the I-component and B-component EVPN
bindings established to the same far-end will be compared and the I-
component EVPN-overlay binding will be kept down following the rules
described in section 3.3.1.
3.5.2. Multi-homing procedures on the GWs
Single-active as well as all-active multi-homing MUST be supported.
The forwarding behavior of the DF and non-DF will be changed based on
the description outlined in section 3.4.3, only replacing the "WAN
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split-horizon-group" for the B-component.
3.5.3. Impact on MAC Mobility procedures
C-MACs learnt from the B-component will be advertised in EVPN within
the I-component EVI scope. If the C-MAC was previously known in the
I-component database, EVPN would advertise the C-MAC with a higher
sequence number, as per [EVPN]. From a Mobility perspective and the
related procedures described in [EVPN], the C-MACs learnt from the B-
component are considered local.
3.5.4. Gateway optimizations
All the considerations explained in section 3.4.5 are applicable to
the PBB-EVPN Interconnect option.
3.6. EVPN-VXLAN Interconnect for EVPN-Overlay networks
If EVPN for Overlay tunnels is supported in the WAN and a GW function
is required, an end-to-end EVPN solution can be deployed. This
section focuses on the specific case of EVPN for VXLAN (EVPN-VXLAN
hereafter) and the impact on the [EVPN] procedures.
This use-case assumes that NVEs need to use the VNIs or VSIDs as a
globally unique identifiers within a data center, and a Gateway needs
to be employed at the edge of the data center network to translate
the VNI or VSID when crossing the network boundaries. This GW
function provides VNI and tunnel IP address translation. The use-case
in which local downstream assigned VNIs or VSIDs can be used (like
MPLS labels) is described by [EVPN-Overlays].
While VNIs are globally significant within each DC, there are two
possibilities in the Interconnect network:
a) Globally unique VNIs in the Interconnect network:
In this case, the GWs and PEs in the Interconnect network will
agree on a common VNI for a given EVI. The RT to be used in the
Interconnect network can be auto-derived from the agreed
Interconnect VNI. The VNI used inside each DC MAY be the same
as the Interconnect VNI.
b) Downstream assigned VNIs in the Interconnect network.
In this case, the GWs and PEs MUST use the proper RTs to
import/export the EVPN routes. Note that even if the VNI is
downstream assigned in the Interconnect network, and unlike
option B, it only identifies the <Ethernet Tag, GW> pair and
not the <Ethernet Tag, egress PE> pair. The VNI used inside
each DC MAY be the same as the Interconnect VNI. GWs SHOULD
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support multiple VNI spaces per EVI (one per Interconnect
network they are connected to).
In both options, NVEs inside a DC only have to be aware of a single
VNI space, and only GWs will handle the complexity of managing
multiple VNI spaces. In addition to VNI translation above, the GWs
will provide translation of the tunnel source IP for the packets
generated from the NVEs, using their own IP address. GWs will use
that IP address as the BGP next-hop in all the EVPN updates to the
Interconnect network.
The following sections provide more details about these two options.
3.6.1. Globally unique VNIs in the Interconnect network
Considering Figure 2, if a host H1 in NVO-1 needs to communicate with
a host H2 in NVO-2, and assuming that different VNIs are used in each
DC for the same EVI, e.g. VNI-10 in NVO-1 and VNI-20 in NVO-2, then
the VNIs must be translated to a common Interconnect VNI (e.g. VNI-
100) on the GWs. Each GW is provisioned with a VNI translation
mapping so that it can translate the VNI in the control plane when
sending BGP EVPN route updates to the Interconnect network. In other
words, GW1 and GW2 must be configured to map VNI-10 to VNI-100 in the
BGP update messages for H1's MAC route. This mapping is also used to
translate the VNI in the data plane in both directions, that is, VNI-
10 to VNI-100 when the packet is received from NVO-1 and the reverse
mapping from VNI-100 to VNI-10 when the packet is received from the
remote NVO-2 network and needs to be forwarded to NVO-1.
The procedures described in section 3.4 will be followed, considering
that the VNIs advertised/received by the GWs will be translated
accordingly.
3.6.2. Downstream assigned VNIs in the Interconnect network
In this case, if a host H1 in NVO-1 needs to communicate with a host
H2 in NVO-2, and assuming that different VNIs are used in each DC for
the same EVI, e.g. VNI-10 in NVO-1 and VNI-20 in NVO-2, then the VNIs
must be translated as in section 3.6.1. However, in this case, there
is no need to translate to a common Interconnect VNI on the GWs. Each
GW can translate the VNI received in an EVPN update to a locally
assigned VNI advertised to the Interconnect network. Each GW can use
a different Interconnect VNI, hence this VNI does not need to be
agreed on all the GWs and PEs of the Interconnect network.
The procedures described in section 3.4 will be followed, taking the
considerations above for the VNI translation.
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5. Conventions and Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].
AC: Attachment Circuit
BUM: it refers to the Broadcast, Unknown unicast and Multicast
traffic
DF: Designated Forwarder
GW: Gateway or Data Center Gateway
DCI: Data Center Interconnect
ES: Ethernet Segment
ESI: Ethernet Segment Identifier
I-ESI: Interconnect ESI defined on the GWs for multi-homing to/from
the WAN
EVI: EVPN Instance
MAC-VRF: it refers to an EVI instance in a particular node
NVE: Network Virtualization Edge
PW: Pseudowire
RD: Route-Distinguisher
RT: Route-Target
TOR: Top-Of-Rack switch
VNI/VSID: refers to VXLAN/NVGRE virtual identifiers
VSI: Virtual Switch Instance or VPLS instance in a particular PE
6. Security Considerations
This section will be completed in future versions.
7. IANA Considerations
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8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC4761]Kompella, K., Ed., and Y. Rekhter, Ed., "Virtual Private LAN
Service (VPLS) Using BGP for Auto-Discovery and Signaling", RFC 4761,
January 2007, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4761>.
[RFC4762]Lasserre, M., Ed., and V. Kompella, Ed., "Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS) Using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
Signaling", RFC 4762, January 2007, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc4762>.
[RFC6074]Rosen, E., Davie, B., Radoaca, V., and W. Luo,
"Provisioning, Auto-Discovery, and Signaling in Layer 2 Virtual
Private Networks (L2VPNs)", RFC 6074, January 2011, <http://www.rfc-
editor.org/info/rfc6074>.
[RFC7041]Balus, F., Ed., Sajassi, A., Ed., and N. Bitar, Ed.,
"Extensions to the Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) Provider Edge
(PE) Model for Provider Backbone Bridging", RFC 7041, November 2013,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7041>.
8.2. Informative References
[EVPN] Sajassi et al., "BGP MPLS Based Ethernet VPN", draft-ietf-
l2vpn-evpn-10.txt, work in progress, October, 2014
[PBB-EVPN] Sajassi et al., "PBB-EVPN", draft-ietf-l2vpn-pbb-evpn-07,
work in progress, June, 2014
[EVPN-Overlays] Sajassi-Drake et al., "A Network Virtualization
Overlay Solution using EVPN", draft-sd-l2vpn-evpn-overlay-03.txt,
work in progress, June, 2014
[EVPN-VPLS-INTEGRATION] Sajassi et al., "(PBB-)EVPN Seamless
Integration with (PBB-)VPLS", draft-sajassi-l2vpn-evpn-vpls-
integration-01.txt, work in progress, October, 2014
9. Acknowledgments
This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.
10. Authors' Addresses
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Jorge Rabadan
Alcatel-Lucent
777 E. Middlefield Road
Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
Email: jorge.rabadan@alcatel-lucent.com
Senthil Sathappan
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: senthil.sathappan@alcatel-lucent.com
Wim Henderickx
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: wim.henderickx@alcatel-lucent.com
Florin Balus
Nuage Networks
Email: florin@nuagenetworks.net
Senad Palislamovic
Alcatel-Lucent
Email: senad.palislamovic@alcatel-lucent.com
Ali Sajassi
Cisco
Email: sajassi@cisco.com
Ravi Shekhar
Juniper
Email: rshekhar@juniper.net
Anil Lohiya
Juniper
Email: alohiya@juniper.net
Dennis Cai
Cisco Systems
Email: dcai@cisco.com
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