Internet DRAFT - draft-roach-mmusic-pof-pan
draft-roach-mmusic-pof-pan
Network Working Group A. B. Roach
Internet-Draft Mozilla
Updates: 3264 (if approved) S. Nandakumar
Intended status: Standards Track Cisco
Expires: August 18, 2014 February 14, 2014
Using Partial Offers and Partial Answers in a Multimedia Session
draft-roach-mmusic-pof-pan-02
Abstract
Whenever two hosts have the ability to set up and control a session
on a peer-to-peer basis, situations can arise in which both parties
attempt to change session parameters "at the same time," such that
the session control messages cross on the wire. When this happens,
implementations need to invoke extraordinary procedures to return the
shared state of the session to a common view between the endpoints.
For real-time communications, these session control messages are
typically exchanged using the session description protocol (SDP),
using an Offer/Answer model. This document expands the offer/answer
model to include the ability to exchange information relating to
discrete media streams within the session. By reducing the amount of
session data, the frequency of session state conflicts can be
reduced; and, for certain types of operations, conflicts can be
eliminated altogether.
This document updates RFC 3264.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on August 18, 2014.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Mechanism Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Adding a Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Changing a Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. Removing a Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Use With Other Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. High-Level Sketch: Use With JSEP/WebRTC . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. High-Level Sketch: Use With SIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Protocol Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1. Common Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2. Generating a Partial Offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3. Processing a Partial Offer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.4. Processing a Partial Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5.5. Updating the Shared View of Session State . . . . . . . . 13
5.6. Receiving a Full Offer with a Partial Offer Pending . . . 13
6. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.1. Adding Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.1.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.1.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6.2. Removing Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.2.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.3. Changing a Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.3.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.3.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.4. Both Sides Simultaneously Add Streams . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.4.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.4.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.5. Removing a Stream with Pseudo-Glare . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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6.5.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.6. Changing a Stream with Glare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.6.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.6.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1. Introduction
The SDP [RFC4566] offer/answer model defined in [RFC3264] briefly
mentions "glare" as a potential issue in the use of offer/answer
exchanges, although it relegates the problem to the "higher layer
protocol" to resolve. In SIP [RFC3261], resolving state after a
glare condition is performed via a timer-based back-off mechanism.
For WebRTC, detection of glare comes in the form of an
"InvalidStateError" exception. Actual resolution of glare is
currently undefined; the present assumption is that the applications
that make use of RTCWEB are responsible for handling glare in a
sensible fashion.
The penalty for glare isn't simply code complexity; it results in
delays in updating sessions state, which can end up visible to users,
leading to a less optimal user experience.
Many of the emerging uses for both SIP and RTCWEB involve sessions
with a large number of media streams (corresponding to a large number
of participants), with streams being added and removed frequently
(corresponding to arrival and departure of participants). This kind
of session churn increases the incidence of glare significantly. The
ability to signal group membership (e.g., BUNDLE and LS) for new and
changed media sections is of particular importance in these contexts.
To reduce the incidence of glare under these circumstances, this
document defines a procedure via which partial offer/answer exchanges
may take place. These exchanges operate on one or more media
sections at a time, rather than an entire SDP body. These operations
are defined in a way that can completely avoid glare for stream
additions and removals, and which reduces the chance of glare for
changes to active streams. This approach requires all media sections
to contain an "a=mid" [RFC5888] attribute.
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This document focuses on the application of this technique for use in
RTCWEB and WebRTC. The author anticipates that future work will
describe its use in conjunction with SIP and SIP-derived technologies
(such as multiparty conferencing and telepresence).
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
3. Mechanism Overview
The core of this mechanism is the concept of "partial offers" and
"partial answers." Syntactically, these entities are SDP fragments,
consisting of exactly one o= line; one or more media sections; and
any i=, c=, b=, k=, and a= lines associated with the media sections.
They are formatted exactly as they would be if they were part of a
larger SDP document, with one key exception: unlike SDP, in an SDP
fragment, the ordering of media sections relative to each other is
not significant. Note that SDP fragments contain only that
information that pertains to media. Other than the mandatory o=
line, they never contain any session-level information. Within the
o= line, only the <sess-version> field is allowed to be changed from
its previous value. Any changes to session-level information other
than [RFC5888] group membership are expected to use a full offer/
answer exchange rather than the partial offer/partial answer
mechanism defined by this document.
Further, the port numbers associated with an SDP BUNDLE MUST NOT be
changed using this mechanism. Due to their inherent inter-media-
section dependencies, such changes require the use of a full offer/
answer exchange.
Using this mechanism has three key prerequisites: (1) all offer/
answer exchanges in the session prior to sending a partial offer have
contained "a=mid" attributes for each media section; (2) both sides
are known to support the partial offer/answer technique (either
because they are part of a single domain of control, or because use
of this technique has been explicitly signaled); and (3) all partial
offers and partial answers are sent using a technique that guarantees
in-order and reliable delivery.
The use of an SDP fragment body will be explicitly signaled, e.g.,
using a different MIME type for SIP, or using a different "type"
field for the WebRTC API.
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3.1. Adding a Stream
To add a stream glarelessly, a party creates a "partial offer"
consisting of an o= line and one or more media sections, including
all of the corresponding i=, c=, b=, k=, and a= lines. Each media
section contains an "a=mid" attribute, indicating an MID that has not
yet been used in the session.
Upon receipt of a partial offer, an implementation processes each
media section independently. For each media section, the recipient
examines the MID in it. If the MID does not match any existing MID
in the session, then it represents a new media stream. Assuming the
recipient does not have an outstanding, unanswered partial offer that
also adds a stream, this new media section is simply appended to the
end of the existing session description, the SDP sess-version is
increased, and an answering media section is created. Once all
answering media sections have been processed, they are concatenated
into a partial answer. This partial answer consists of one or more
media sections, each containing an MID matching the one from the
partial offer.
If the recipient of a partial offer that contains a new MID has also
sent a partial offer adding a new stream to the session, then
ambiguity can arise regarding the canonical ordering of media
sections within the session description. In this situation, both
partial offer/answer exchanges are allowed to complete independently
(as no fundamental data glare has occurred). However, the order in
which they are appended to the session description is synchronized by
performing a lexical comparison among each media section's MID
attribute: the media sections are appended to the session in
lexically increasing order.
If the new stream needs to be added to an existing group, it does so
by using the "a=in-group" attribute defined in
[I-D.roach-mmusic-groupid], indicating the ID of a group that has
already been established within the session. If the new stream needs
to be added to a new group, then such a group may be created by
adding an "a=in-group" attribute that contains a group ID that is not
yet present in the session. In both cases, the session-level
membership of the group is semantically updated to reflect the new
member of the group (and, if necessary, the creation of a new group).
3.2. Changing a Stream
Partial offers may also be generated for modification of one or more
existing streams. In this case, the MID in the media section of a
partial offer will match an existing MID in the session description.
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Upon receipt of a partial offer, an implementation examines the MID
of each media section in it. If the MID of any given media section
matches an existing MID in the session, then it represents a
modification to that media section. Assuming the recipient does not
have an outstanding, unanswered partial offer that also modifies that
exact same stream, this media section is treated as an independent
renegotiation of that stream. The SDP version is increased, and an
answering media section is created for inclusion in the resulting
partial answer. This media section for the partial answer has an MID
matching the one from the partial offer.
If the recipient of a partial offer that contains an existing MID has
also sent a partial offer to change that exact same stream, and
neither the received nor the sent partial offer contains a port
number of zero, then a legitimate glare condition has arisen. Normal
glare recovery procedures -- e.g., using a tie-breaker token or a
back-off timer -- must be engaged to resolve the conflict.
Implementors should note that changing more than one stream in a
single offer increases the chance of glare, thereby partially
negating the advantage of this protocol extension. The decision to
include more than one stream in a partial offer needs to be carefully
evaluated against this drawback.
3.3. Removing a Stream
To remove one or more a streams in a way that eliminates the chance
of glare, an implementation generates a new partial offer, containing
one or more media sections. Each media section contains an MID
matching the stream it wants to remove, and indicates a transport
port of zero, indicating that the stream is being deactivated.
If the recipient of a partial offer that contains an existing MID has
also sent a partial offer to change that exact same stream, and
either one of the received or the sent partial offer contains a port
number of zero, then the stream is deactivated. At this point, both
partial offers are discarded, the corresponding media section in the
session is modified by changing its port to zero, and a partial
answer is generated representing this single change.
4. Use With Other Protocols
Note that this document simply defines the extensions to the SDP
offer/answer model for dealing with partial offers and partial
answers. In the same way that [RFC3264] does not define specific
SIP, JSEP, or WebRTC handling, neither does this document. In order
for this technique to be useful, protocol-specific mechanisms need to
be defined. This additional work is left to appropriate venues, such
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as the W3C WebRTC WG, the RTCWEB WG, and the SIPCORE WG. If the
higher-level protocol allows the use of unordered message delivery,
it is that protocol's responsibility to ensure that the result of
partial offer/partial answer exchanges is a shared and identical
session state between the parties involved.
To assist in understanding the mechanism being proposed, we describe,
in a very high-level and non-normative way, how this mechanism might
be applied to a couple of specific higher-level signaling systems.
4.1. High-Level Sketch: Use With JSEP/WebRTC
For WebRTC, we envision that such additional specification would add
a new constraint to createOffer, requesting that a partial offer be
generated (if possible). The resulting RTCSessionDescription would
contain only the media sections that have changed since the most
recent offer/answer exchange, and would have a type of
"partialOffer." When createAnswer is called after receipt of a
partialOffer, it would create a partialAnswer, containing only the
media sections referenced in the partial offer, that can be provided
to the remote party.
4.2. High-Level Sketch: Use With SIP
For SIP, partial offers and partial answers will likely be provided
in SIP UPDATE [RFC3311] or INFO [RFC6086] messages, containing a
special "application/sdpfrag" MIME type [I-D.ivov-dispatch-sdpfrag],
and a content-disposition that indicates that the contents are a
partial offer (rather than, say, a trickle ice candidate). Although
INVITE may seem like a natural fit for this kind of behavior, its
current definition includes strong glare resolution behaviors that
makes it unsuitable for this purpose. Naturally, any such mechanism
will be paired with a SIP feature tag that allows for negotiation of
support for partial offers and answers.
5. Protocol Operation
The following sections formally defines the procedures for generating
and processing partial offers and partial answers.
At any time during an ongoing session, either agent in the session
MAY generate a new partial offer that updates the session, subject to
the restrictions described in the following sections. However, it
MUST NOT generate a new partial offer if it has received any partial
or full offer which it has not yet answered or rejected.
An agent also MUST NOT generate a partial offer if it has sent a
partial or full offer which has not yet been accepted or rejected.
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OPEN ISSUE: It seems like we might be able to have multiple
outstanding sent partial offers at once, as long as they don't try
to act on the same media section. The reason it's disallowed in
the above paragraph is that having several partial offers
potentially outstanding in both directions makes it very, very,
very complicated to resolve the ordering of media sections if
these partial offers in opposite directions overlap temporally.
In the situations described as "glare" below, the higher layer
protocol needs to provide a means for resolving such conditions.
This will generally be the same mechanism used to resolve the glare
conditions described in [RFC3264].
5.1. Common Procedures
For all of the procedures described in the following sections,
whenever an o= line is included in a partial offer or partial answer,
its <username>, <sess-id>, <nettype>, <addrtype>, and <unicast-
address> values MUST be identical to those sent in the most recent
full offer or full answer generated by this agent for this session.
The <sess-version> value MUST be larger than the value in all
previously sent offers, partial offers, answers, and partial offers
generated by this agent for this session.
Whenever the procedures in the following sections indicate that a
media section is to be included in a partial offer or partial answer,
that media section MUST consist of an m= line along with all i=, c=,
b=, k=, and a= lines associated with that media section. If a line
is absent from a media section in a partial offer or partial answer,
it MUST be interpreted as an explicit removal of that value from the
media section. Recipients of such messages MUST NOT assume that a
previously-established but omitted value is still in effect.
5.2. Generating a Partial Offer
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Whenever an agent wishes to change the state of the media in an
ongoing session -- whether through addition, modification, or removal
of a stream -- it does so through either an offer or a partial offer.
In deciding which to use, the implementation first verifies that it
has received positive confirmation that the remote implementation
supports the partial offer/partial answer mechanism. The means of
negotiating such support is left to the higher-level protocol that
makes use of the offer/answer model. The implementation then
verifies that all media sessions in the current session are
associated with unique MID values. Finally, the implementation
evaluates whether the changes it needs to make can be performed
exclusively using the values present in a media section, without any
modifications necessary to session-level values (except for the sess-
version value on the session-level o= line).
If all three of the criteria described above are true, then the
implementation MAY send a partial offer to make the changes it wants
to request. If any of these criteria are not true, then the
implementation MUST use a full offer, according to the procedures
described in [RFC3264].
Once the agent determines that the change it wishes to make is
eligible to use the partial offer mechanism, it forms a new SDP
fragment by following these steps:
1. The agent creates a new partial offer consisting of one o=line
and any media section described in the following three steps.
2. For each media section to be changed, the agent creates a media
section to be included in the partial offer. This media section
MUST contain an "a=mid" attribute containing an MID that matches
the media section that is being modified. The media section also
contains the modifications that the agent wishes to make, as
described in section 8.3 of [RFC3264]. This media section MUST
contain "a=in-group" attributes [I-D.roach-mmusic-groupid] for
each group of which the media section is a member.
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3. For each new media section to be added, the agent creates a new
media section to be added to the aforementioned partial offer.
This media section MUST contain an "a=mid" attribute, and the MID
present in this attribute MUST contain at least 120 bits of
randomness (e.g., 22 base-64 encoded characters, or 19 characters
selected randomly from the 79 valid token characters). The
remainder of the media section contains the various values that
the agent wishes to have associated with the corresponding media,
and is created according to the procedures described in section
5.1 or 5.2 of [RFC3264], as appropriate. The media section MUST
contain "a=in-group" attributes [I-D.roach-mmusic-groupid] for
every group of which the media section is a member.
4. For each existing media section to be removed, the agent creates
a new media section to be added to the aforementioned partial
offer. This media section MUST contain an "a=mid" attribute
containing an MID that matches the media section that is being
removed, and MUST contain a <port> value of 0 (zero). Except for
the required "a=mid" attribute, this media section MAY omit any
or all i=, c=, b=, k=, and a= lines, and MAY list only one m=
line <fmt> value.
Once the preceding steps have been followed to create a partial
offer, the agent makes use of the high-level signaling protocol to
convey the offer to the remote agent.
5.3. Processing a Partial Offer
Upon receipt of a partial offer, an agent first determines whether it
has sent any full offers for the corresponding session. If it has,
then the partial offer represents a glare condition that is resolved
via the higher-level protocol. It then verifies whether it has
received any partial or full offers to which it has not yet sent an
answer or a rejection. If so, then it rejects the partial offer as
invalid behavior.
The agent then examines the o= line in the received partial offer.
If the <sess-version> value is less than the most recently received
full (non-partial) offer or answer, then the partial offer is stale
and MUST be rejected. The means for rejecting the partial offer are
left to the higher-level protocol.
After such validation takes place, the agent iterates through each
media section and performs the following steps:
1. If the MID present in the received media section matches a media
section already present in the ongoing session and has a non-zero
port number, it represents a change to an existing media stream.
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* If the MID matches the MID of a media section in a partial
offer that the agent has sent, AND the sent media section
contains a port number of zero, then the incoming partial
offer is rejected, as any such changes have been "overtaken by
events:" the stream will be deactivated momentarily.
* The recipient verifies that the MID does not match the MID of
any media section in any partial offers that it has sent but
has not yet received a partial answer or rejection for, unless
the media section in the sent partial offer has a port number
of zero. If this verification fails, then the received
partial offer represents a glare condition that is resolved
via the higher-level protocol.
* If the media section contains an "a=in-group:BUNDLE"
attribute, then the recipient verifies that the port number in
the media section is matches the port number of the other
sections in the bundle. If it does not, then the partial
offer is rejected.
* After the preceding verifications have succeeded, the agent
creates media section to include in the partial answer. To
reject the media section in the partial offer, the agent
generates a media section with a port number set to zero;
otherwise, the agent forms the media section by following the
procedures described in section 6.1 or 6.2 of [RFC3264], as
appropriate.
* Finally, the agent examines the "a=in-group" lines of the
changing media section. If the media section is currently in
any group that is not indicated in an "a=in-group" line, then
the media section is removed from that group. If an "a=in-
group" attribute indicates a group ID that does not yet exist,
then that group is created. If an "a=in-group" line indicates
a group that the media section is not yet in, then the media
section is added to that group.
2. If the MID present in the received media section matches a media
section already present in the ongoing session and has a port
number of zero, then it represents the removal of an existing
media stream. The agent creates a media section to include in
the partial answer. With the exception of the "a=mid" attribute,
this media section MAY omit any or all i=, c=, b=, k=, and a=
lines, and MAY indicate a single payload type. [RFC5888] group
membership information is adjusted to reflect removal of the
stream.
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3. If the MID present in the received media section does not match
any media section already present in the ongoing session, then it
represents a new media stream.
* If the received media section contains a port number of zero,
then the recipient MUST reject the partial offer as invalid
behavior: this mechanism does not support the atomic addition
and removal of the same stream.
* If the above validation succeeds, the agent creates a media
section to include in the partial answer. To reject the media
section in the partial offer, the agent generates a media
section with a port number set to zero; otherwise, the agent
forms the media section by following the procedures described
in section 6.1 or 6.2 of [RFC3264], as appropriate.
* The agent also examines the "a=in-group" lines of the new
media section. If an "a=in-group" attribute indicates a group
ID that does not yet exist, then that group is created. The
new media section is then added to every group indicated in an
"a=in-group" attribute. If the media section contains an "a
=in-group:BUNDLE" attribute, then the recipient verifies that
the port number in the media section is matches the port
number of the other sections in the bundle. If it does not,
then the partial offer is rejected.
All media sections that are formed in the foregoing steps MUST
contain an "a=mid" attribute matching the MID that was present in the
corresponding media section from the partial offer.
If the preceding steps have been performed for each media section
without resulting in a rejection, then the agent forms a partial
answer consisting of a single o= line, and all of the media sections
that were generated as part of the preceding steps. Note that this
processing will always yield the same number of media sections in a
partial answer as were present in the partial offer. Unlike normal
SDP processing, however, the order of the media sections in a partial
answer is not significant. This partial answer is then sent to the
remote agent using the high-level protocol.
If the above processing results in a successful partial answer, then
the agent's view of the session is updated as described in
Section 5.5.
5.4. Processing a Partial Answer
When a partial answer is received, the offerer matches each media
section in the partial answer to its corresponding media section
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according to its MID. The agent MUST NOT assume that the order of
the sections in the received partial answer matches the order of the
sections it sent in the partial offer. However, it can expect that
each section in the partial offer has a corresponding section in the
receive partial answer.
For each media section, the agent then updates its local view of
session state as described in Section 5.5, and follows the process
described in section 7 of [RFC3264].
5.5. Updating the Shared View of Session State
Whenever a partial offer or answer is processed, the agent performs
the following steps to ensure that a common view of session state is
maintained:
1. The remote session's <sess-version> value is updated according to
the value received in the o= line of the sdpfrag.
2. Any changed or removed media sections are modified in-place.
Their position in the overall session description remains the
same as it was before.
3. If any partial offers (either sent or received) are still
pending, then the following step is skipped until after the
corresponding answer is sent or received (as appropriate). Any
new media sections are not applied to the session, and are
quarantined until that time. This avoids the need to re-index
media sections under the circumstances that the offer is
rejected.
4. Any added media sections are appended to the existing session.
The order in which they are appended is determined by lexically
sorting them according to their MID values. This is not
necessarily the same order in which they appear in the sdpfrag.
If the recipient of a partial offer had a sent a partial offer to
which it had not yet received a response when the partial offer
was received, then it must take additional steps to ensure a
common view of the media section ordering: the media sections for
the sent partial offer and the received partial answer are
treated as a single list, sorted lexically according to their
respective MID values, and appended to the session in that order.
When that agent receives the corresponding partial answer, the
media section ordering remains the same as was established by the
partial offer.
5.6. Receiving a Full Offer with a Partial Offer Pending
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For completeness, this document notes that an agent that receives a
full offer with a sent partial offer pending is in a glare condition;
this is resolved via the higher-level protocol.
6. Examples
The SDP examples given in these examples deviate from actual on-the-
wire SDP notation in several ways. This is done to facilitate
readability and to conform to the restrictions imposed by the RFC
formatting rules. These deviations are as follows:
o Any line that is indented (compared to the initial line in the SDP
block) is a continuation of the preceding line. The line break
and indent are to be interpreted as a single space character.
o Empty lines in any SDP example are inserted to make functional
divisions in the SDP clearer, and are not actually part of the SDP
syntax.
o Excepting the above two conventions, line endings are to be
interpreted as <CR><LF> pairs (that is, an ASCII 13 followed by an
ASCII 10).
o Any text starting with the string "//" to the end of the line is
inserted for the benefit of the reader, and is not actually part
of the SDP syntax.
For the use-cases that follow, a full Offer/Answer SDP is shown
followed by application of the procedures defined in this document to
generate Partial Offers and Answers in carrying out the use-case.
As a pre-condition, the SDP below represents the stable state of
system after a successful [RFC3264] Offer/Answer negotiation to setup
a communication session with one audio (G.711) and one video (VP8)
stream.
This SDP serves as base SDP for generating Offers/Partial Offers and
shall be terms as Base-SDP going forward.
v=0
o=- 20518 0 IN IP4 203.0.113.1
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
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m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:98 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
6.1. Adding Streams
6.1.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures
The following SDP shows an offer that adds an audio media section
with Opus codec to the Base-SDP:
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
m=audio 55800 RTP/SAVPF 109 // New audio media line for opus
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
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a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55800 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55801 typ host
The following shows answer for the above Offer accepting the changes:
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number is incremented
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 60600 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:4TOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60401 typ host
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
m=audio 60604 RTP/SAVPF 109 // New audio media line for Opus
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 60604 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 60605 typ host
6.1.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures
In order to add an audio media section with Opus codec the Offerer
generates the following Partial Offer:
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o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=audio 55800 RTP/SAVPF 109 // New audio media line for Opus
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55800 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55801 typ host
On receiving the above Partial Offer, the Answerer follows the
validations defined in the Section 5.3 to generate a Partial Answer.
Since the content of the "a=mid" attribute doesn't match any existing
values and the Port Number is non zero, thus generated Partial Answer
reflects accepting the new audio stream.
Below shows Partial Answer generated by the Answerer in response to
the above Partial Offer.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2
m=audio 60604 RTP/SAVPF 109 // Answerer accepts the new media stream.
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 60604 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 60605 typ host
On successful Partial Offer/Answer exchange, the Offerer appends the
media section offered in the Partial Offer to its Base-SDP. Also
<sess-version> is updated as per o= line received. Updated SDP at
the Offerer is shown below.
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
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a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
m=audio 55800 RTP/SAVPF 109 // Appended per Partial Offer
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55800 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55801 typ host
Identical steps are performed by the Answerer on the media section in
the Partial Answer as shown below.
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 60600 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60601 typ host
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
m=audio 60604 RTP/SAVPF 109 // Appended per Partial Answer
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
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a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 60604 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 60605 typ host
6.2. Removing Streams
6.2.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures
The following SDP shows an offer that removes the audio media section
with PCMU Codec from the Base-SDP:
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 0 RTP/SAVPF 0 // Port is set to zero.
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:98 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
The following shows answer for the above Offer accepting the changes:
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number is incremented
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
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a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 0 RTP/SAVPF 0 // Removal of stream is accepted
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
6.2.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures
In order to remove the audio media section from the Base-SDP the
Offerer generates the following Partial Offer:
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number incremented
m=audio 0 RTP/SAVPF 0 // Port is set to zero
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW // mid attribute is included
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
On receiving the above Partial Offer, the Answerer follows the
validations defined in the Section 5.3 to generate a Partial Answer
that accepts the removal of the corresponding media section.
Below shows the Partial Answer generated by the Answerer in response
to the above Partial Offer.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2
m=audio 0 RTP/SAVPF 0 // Removal of stream is accepted
a=mid:AOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
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On successful Partial Offer/Answer exchange, the Offerer updates its
Base-SDP to reflect removing of the audio media stream. Also <sess-
version> is updated as per o= line received. Updated SDP at the
Offerer is shown below.
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 0 RTP/SAVPF 0 // Port is updated to zero
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:98 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
Identical steps are performed by the Answerer on the media section in
the Partial Answer as shown below.
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 0 RTP/SAVPF 0 // Port is updated to zero
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
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a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
6.3. Changing a Stream
6.3.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures
The following SDP shows an offer that marks video stream as sendonly:
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendonly // Video stream is marked as sendonly.
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
The following shows answer for the above Offer accepting the changes.
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number is incremented
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
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a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 60600 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:AOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60401 typ host
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=recvonly // Answerer accepts the change and marks
// the stream as recvonly.
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
6.3.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures
In order to mark video stream as sendonly, an Partial Offer is
generated:
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendonly // Video stream is marked as sednonly.
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
Since the content of "a=mid" attribute in the Partial Offer matches,
the Answerer generates an Partial Answer with media section
corresponding to the video stream accepting the changes, as shown
below.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=recvonly // Answerer accepts the change and marks
// the stream as recvonly on the Answer.
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a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
On successful Partial Offer/Answer exchange, the Offerer updates the
video media section by changing the direction attribute to sendonly.
Also <sess-version> is updated as per o= line received,
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendonly // direction updated as per Partial O/A exchange
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
Identical steps are performed by the Answerer on the media section in
the Partial Answer as shown below.
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
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m=audio 60600 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60401 typ host
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=recvonly // direction updated as per Partial O/A exchange
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
6.4. Both Sides Simultaneously Add Streams
Let Alice and Bob be the peers communicating.In this scenario both
the parties attempt to add a new media stream at the same time.
6.4.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures
This scenario results in the glare situation and should be resolved
by the higher-level protocol.
6.4.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures
Alice sends a Partial Offer, shown below, to add an audio media
section for Opus Codec.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=audio 55800 RTP/SAVPF 109 // New audio media line for Opus
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55800 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55801 typ host
At the same time, Bob sends the following Partial Offer to add an
video media section for H.264 Codec.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number is incremented
m=video 60604 RTP/SAVPF 99 // New video media line for H.264
a=mid:u1LS6AUZIugkXCT3S7aRFNEZOfUV18hT
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a=rtpmap:99 H264/90000
a=fmtp:99 profile-level-id=4d0028;packetization-mode=1
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60604 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60605 typ host
On receiving the Partial Offer from Bob, Alice verifies from the
content of "a=mid" value as an indication of new media being added.
It generates the Partial Answer accepting Bob's request to add the
new video stream.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1
m=video 55900 RTP/SAVPF 99 // Alice accepts Bob's Partial Offer
a=mid:u1LS6AUZIugkXCT3S7aRFNEZOfUV18hT // MID from Partial Offer
a=rtpmap:99 H264/90000
a=fmtp:99 profile-level-id=4d0028;packetization-mode=1
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 55900 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 55901 typ host
Symmetrically Bob carries out similar actions on Alice's Partial
Offer and generates an Partial Answer as shown below.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2
m=audio 60606 RTP/SAVPF 109 // Bob accepts Alice's Partial Offer
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW // MID from Partial Offer
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 60606 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 60607 typ host
On successful Partial Offer/Answer exchange, Alice appends to the
Base-SDP, the two media sections that correspond to audio and video
streams negotiated as part of aforementioned Partial Offer/Answer
exchanges. Also <sess-version> is incremented to reflect the shared
state. The media sections are appended in the lexically increasing
order.
v=0
o=- 20518 2 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number updated
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s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
m=audio 55800 RTP/SAVPF 109 // New audio media line for Opus
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55800 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55801 typ host
m=video 55900 RTP/SAVPF 99 // Alice accepts Bob's Partial Offer
a=mid:u1LS6AUZIugkXCT3S7aRFNEZOfUV18hT
a=rtpmap:99 H264/90000
a=fmtp:99 profile-level-id=4d0028;packetization-mode=1
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 55900 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 55901 typ host
Similarly, below SDP shows Bob's Base-SDP updated.
v=0
o=- 20518 2 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
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a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 60600 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60601 typ host
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
m=audio 60606 RTP/SAVPF 109 // Bob accepts Alice's Partial Offer
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:109 opus/48000/2
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 60606 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 60607 typ host
m=video 60604 RTP/SAVPF 99 // New video media line for H.264
a=mid:u1LS6AUZIugkXCT3S7aRFNEZOfUV18hT
a=rtpmap:99 H264/90000
a=fmtp:99 profile-level-id=4d0028;packetization-mode=1
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60604 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60605 typ host
6.5. Removing a Stream with Pseudo-Glare
In this example, Alice attempts to change the direction of the video
stream to recvonly and Bob attempts to de-activate the same video
stream simultaneously.
6.5.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures
This scenario results in the glare situation and should be resolved
by the higher-level protocol.
6.5.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures
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The term pseudo-glare signifies those scenarios wherein both parties
attempt to operate on a stream at the same time, but the final
session state can be unambiguously resolved by both sides without any
further signaling.
Such an scenario arises when one side tries to change a media section
and simultaneously the other party attempts to remove that media
section.
Below represents the Partial Offer from Alice to change the direction
attribute of the video section to recvonly.
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=recvonly // direction changed to recvonly
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
At the same time, Bob sends the following Partial Offer to remove the
same media section:
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number is incremented
m=video 0 RTP/SAVPF 120 // Port number is set to 0.
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
On validating the Partial Offer from Alice, Bob concludes the media
section matches the one in the Partial Offer sent by him. By
following the procedures in Section 5.3, Bob rejects Alice Partial
Offer since the video media section will be disabled momentarily.
Bob sends the Partial Answer by setting port number to zero as
response to Alice's Partial Offer.
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o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=video 0 RTP/SAVPF 120 // Alice's Partial Offer rejected
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
The processing by Alice is insignificant, because it will eventually
be overtaken by Bob's rejection of her Partial Offer and thus the
Partial Offer/Answer exchange concludes by removing the video
section.
Finally the Base-SDPs are updated by both the parties ending up in
the shared state.
// Alice's Base-SDP updated
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number updated
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.1
a=ice-ufrag:F7gI
a=ice-pwd:x9cml/YzichV2+XlhiMu8g
a=fingerprint:sha-1
42:89:c5:c6:55:9d:6e:c8:e8:83:55:2a:39:f9:b6:eb:e9:a3:a9:e7
m=audio 55400 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55400 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55401 typ host
m=video 0 RTP/SAVPF 120 // Video stream removed
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
// Bob's Base-SDP
v=0
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.2 // Version number updated.
s=
t=0 0
c=IN IP4 203.0.113.2
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a=ice-ufrag:c300d85b
a=ice-pwd:de4e99bd291c325921d5d47efbabd9a2
a=fingerprint:sha-1
91:41:49:83:4a:97:0e:1f:ef:6d:f7:c9:c7:70:9d:1f:66:79:a8:03
m=audio 60600 RTP/SAVPF 0
a=mid:ATOnU45h09BqsacSCyQwuFttyBkSFQGW
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60601 typ host
m=video 0 RTP/SAVPF 120 // Port is zero per Bob's Partial Offer
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendrecv
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
6.6. Changing a Stream with Glare
In this example both Alice and Bob attempt to update the same media
section that conflicts each others actions.
6.6.1. Full Offer/Answer Procedures
This scenario results in the glare situation and should be resolved
by the higher-level protocol.
6.6.2. Partial Offer/Answer Procedures
To explain this scenario, say Alice attempts to update the video
section's direction to be sendonly and Bob also attempts to perform
the same action.
This results in a conflict situation since both the parties can't
have the same media section with sendonly direction, since it
violates rules defined in [RFC3264]
Partial Offer's generated by Alice and Bob for the above scenario is
shown below.
// Alice's Partial Offer
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=video 55600 RTP/SAVPF 120
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a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendonly // direction changed to sendonly
a=candidate:0 1 UDP 2113667327 203.0.113.2 55600 typ host
a=candidate:1 2 UDP 2113667326 203.0.113.2 55601 typ host
// Bob's Partial Offer
o=- 20518 1 IN IP4 198.51.100.1 // Version number is incremented
m=video 60602 RTP/SAVPF 120
a=mid:0Ny4mOBV2MWTH1JYRRNORarcTbG11QxV
a=rtpmap:120 VP8/90000
a=sendonly // direction changed to sendonly
a=candidate:2 1 UDP 2113667327 192.0.2.2 60602 typ host
a=candidate:3 2 UDP 2113667326 192.0.2.2 60603 typ host
This results in a glare situation under Partial Offer/Answer exchange
due to the conflicting nature of the actions. To resolve this
situation assistance from the higher level application protocol is
required.
7. Security Considerations
TBD
8. IANA Considerations
TBD -- I don't think we actually need any for this mechanism.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
June 2002.
[RFC3264] Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model
with Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June
2002.
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[RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.
[RFC5888] Camarillo, G. and H. Schulzrinne, "The Session Description
Protocol (SDP) Grouping Framework", RFC 5888, June 2010.
9.2. Informative References
[I-D.ivov-dispatch-sdpfrag]
Ivov, E. and A. Roach, "Internet Media Type application/
sdpfrag", draft-ivov-dispatch-sdpfrag-03 (work in
progress), October 2013.
[I-D.roach-mmusic-groupid]
Roach, A. and M. Thomson, "An Extension for Identification
of Groups in the Session Description Protocol (SDP).",
draft-roach-mmusic-groupid-00 (work in progress), December
2013.
[RFC3311] Rosenberg, J., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
UPDATE Method", RFC 3311, October 2002.
[RFC6086] Holmberg, C., Burger, E., and H. Kaplan, "Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) INFO Method and Package
Framework", RFC 6086, January 2011.
Authors' Addresses
Adam Roach
Mozilla
Dallas, TX
US
Phone: +1 650 903 0800 x863
Email: adam@nostrum.com
Suhas Nandakumar
Cisco
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
Email: snandaku@cisco.com
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