Internet DRAFT - draft-roome-interop-ietf93
draft-roome-interop-ietf93
Internet Engineering Task Force W. Roome, Ed.
Internet-Draft Bell Laboratories,
Intended status: Informational Alcatel-Lucent
Expires: December 6, 2015 June 4, 2015
Interoperability testing of the ALTO Protocol
draft-roome-interop-ietf93-00
Abstract
The Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) protocol is
designed to allow entities with knowledge about the network
infrastructure to export such information to applications that need
to choose one or more endpoints to connect to among large sets of
logically equivalent ones. This document defines a data set that may
be used to test the functionality and interoperability of ALTO
clients and servers.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on December 6, 2015.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Server Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Default Network Map And Cost Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2. Alternate Network Map And Cost Maps . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3. Endpoint Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Server Resources and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Client Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.1. Filtered Network Map Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2. Filtered Cost Map Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3. Endpoint Property Service Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4. Endpoint Cost Service Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Error Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. Security considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7. IANA considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix A. Appendix: JSON Network And Cost Maps . . . . . . . . 13
A.1. Default Network Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
A.2. Default "routingcost" Cost Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
A.3. Default "hopcount" Cost Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
A.4. Alternate Network Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A.5. Alternate "routingcost" Cost Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
A.6. Alternate "hopcount" Cost Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix B. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
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1. Overview
The Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) protocol is
designed to allow entities with knowledge about the network
infrastructure to export such information to applications that need
to choose one or more endpoints to connect to among large sets of
logically equivalent ones.
This document defines procedures to test the functionality and
interoperability of ALTO clients and servers.
This document is informational and is NOT NORMATIVE on any aspects of
the ALTO protocol. The normative behavior of ALTO entities is
prescribed in [RFC7285].
Section 2 defines the network maps, cost maps and other data
necessary to provision an ALTO server. This ensures that all tested
servers will return the same results, so a client may verify that a
server is operating correctly. Section 3 defines the required and
optional resources for an ALTO server to provide. Section 4
describes the actions expected from a client. Section 5 describes a
set of invalid client requests, to verify that a server can respond
correctly to client errors.
While every effort has been made to catalogue representative test
cases, this document does not attempt to codify every test case that
arises in ALTO. The aim of the document is to focus on areas that
highlight the key offerings of the ALTO protocol.
2. Server Data
This section defines the data necessary to provision a tested ALTO
server in a uniform manner. First it defines a default network map,
and associated cost maps for the "routingcost" and "hopcount"
metrics. Next it defines an optional alternate network map, along
with "routingcost" and "hopcount" costs for that map. Finally it
defines a set of optional endpoint properties.
Appendix A gives network and cost map data defined in this section
formatted in JSON.
2.1. Default Network Map And Cost Maps
Every tested ALTO server MUST provide a default network map with the
PIDs defined below:
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PID IP Address Block
---------------------------------------
mine 100.0.0.0/8
mine1 100.0.0.0/10
mine1a 100.0.1.0/24, 100.0.64.0/24, 100.0.192.0/24
mine2 100.64.0.0/10
mine3 100.128.0.0/10
peer1 128.0.0.0/16, 130.0.0.0/16, 2001:DB8:0000::/33
peer2 129.0.0.0/16, 131.0.0.0/16, 2001:DB8:8000::/33
tran1 132.0.0.0/16
tran2 135.0.0.0/16
default 0.0.0.0/0, ::0/0
loopback 127.0.0.0/8, ::1/128
linklocal 169.254.0.0/16, ff80::/10
private 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12,
192.168.0.0/16, fc00::/7
Figure 1: Default Network Map
Each ALTO server MUST provide a cost map for the "routingcost"
metric. The following table presents the numerical values for those
costs. If a server provides a numerical-mode cost map, it MUST use
these values. If a server provides an ordinal-mode cost map, the
server may use whatever values it wants, provided the ordinal values
preserve the order of the numerical values.
default mine mine1 mine1a mine2 mine3 peer1 peer2 tran1 tran2
default 1.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 - - - -
mine 75.0 1.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 30.0 30.0 50.0 50.0
mine1 75.0 15.0 1.0 2.5 5.0 7.0 20.0 25.0 40.0 45.0
mine1a 75.0 15.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 9.0 22.0 24.0 42.0 48.0
mine2 75.0 15.0 5.5 7.0 1.0 6.0 23.0 25.0 43.0 46.0
mine3 75.0 15.0 7.0 9.0 6.0 1.0 25.0 28.0 45.0 49.0
peer1 - 30.0 20.0 22.0 23.0 25.0 1.0 - - -
peer2 - 30.0 25.0 24.0 25.0 28.0 - 1.0 - -
tran1 - 50.0 40.0 42.0 43.0 45.0 - - 1.0 -
tran2 - 50.0 45.0 48.0 46.0 49.0 - - - 1.0
Figure 2: "routingcost" Numerical Cost Map
Note that this is a partial cost map, in that it does not define a
cost for every source and destination PID.
Each ALTO server MAY provide a cost map for the "hopcount" metric.
The following table gives the numerical values. As with
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"routingcost", a numerical-mode cost map MUST use these values, and
an ordinal-mode cost map may use any values consistent with this
ordering.
default mine mine1 mine1a mine2 mine3 peer1 peer2 tran1 tran2
default 1.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 - - - -
mine 10.0 1.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 8.0
mine1 10.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
mine1a 10.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
mine2 10.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
mine3 10.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
peer1 - 5.0 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 - - -
peer2 - 6.0 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 - 1.0 - -
tran1 - 8.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 - - 1.0 -
tran2 - 8.0 7.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 - - - 1.0
Figure 3: "hopcount" Numerical Cost Map
2.2. Alternate Network Map And Cost Maps
Every tested ALTO server MAY provide an alternate, or secondary,
network map with the PIDs defined below:
PID IP Address Block
---------------------------------------
dc1 101.0.0.0/16
dc2 102.0.0.0/16
dc3 103.0.0.0/16
dc4 104.0.0.0/16
user1 201.0.0.0/16
user2 202.0.0.0/16
user3 203.0.0.0/16
user4 204.0.0.0/16
default 0.0.0.0/0, ::0/0
loopback 127.0.0.0/8, ::1/128
linklocal 169.254.0.0/16, ff80::/10
private 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12,
192.168.0.0/16, fc00::/7
Figure 4: Alternate Network Map
Each ALTO server MAY provide a cost map for the "routingcost" metric
for the alternate network map. The following table presents the
numerical values for those costs. If a server provides a numerical-
mode cost map, it MUST use these values. If a server provides an
ordinal-mode cost map, the server may use whatever values it wants,
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provided the ordinal values preserve the order of the numerical
values.
dc1 dc2 dc3 dc4 default user1 user2 user3 user4
dc1 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
dc2 5.0 0.0 5.0 5.0 50.0 20.0 10.0 20.0 30.0
dc3 5.0 5.0 0.0 5.0 50.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 20.0
dc4 5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0
default 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 - - - -
user1 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 - 0.0 - - -
user2 20.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 - - 0.0 - -
user3 30.0 20.0 10.0 20.0 - - - 0.0 -
user4 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 - - - - 0.0
Figure 5: "routingcost" Numerical Cost Map
Note that this is a partial cost map, in that it does not define a
cost for every source and destination PID.
Each ALTO server MAY provide a cost map for the "hopcount" metric.
The following table gives the numerical values. As with
"routingcost", a numerical-mode cost map MUST use these values, and
an ordinal-mode cost map may use any values consistent with this
ordering.
dc1 dc2 dc3 dc4 default user1 user2 user3 user4
dc1 0.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
dc2 1.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
dc3 1.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 8.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 4.0
dc4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0
default 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 0.0 - - - -
user1 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 - 0.0 - - -
user2 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 - - 0.0 - -
user3 5.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 - - - 0.0 -
user4 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 - - - - 0.0
Figure 6: "hopcount" Numerical Cost Map
2.3. Endpoint Properties
An ALTO server may provide the private endpoint property "priv:ietf-
type" with the following values for endpoints in the indicated
address blocks:
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Value IP Address Block
---------------------------------------
mine 100.0.0.0/8
peer 128.0.0.0/6, 2001:DB8::/32
transit 132.0.0.0/16, 135.0.0.0/16
Figure 7: Values for "priv:ietf-type" endpoint property
3. Server Resources and Configuration
An ALTO server MUST provide the following resources, as required by
[RFC7285]:
o An Information Resource Directory (IRD) which describes all of the
server's resources.
o A Network Map resource for the default network defined above.
o A Cost Map resource for the "routingcost" metric for the default
network map. The mode may be either "numerical" or "ordinal". If
"numerical", the values MUST be identical to those defined above.
If "ordinal", the server can use whatever values it wants, but the
ordering MUST be consistent with the ordering of the "numerical"
values.
o An Endpoint Property Service for the "pid" property for the
default network map.
A server MAY provide whatever additional resources it desires, as
long as they are consistent with the network maps, cost maps and
endpoint properties defined in Section 2. In particular, a server
may provide:
o An additional Network Map resource, using the PIDs and address
prefixes for the alternate network map defined above.
o Cost Map resources for the "routingcost" and/or "hopcount"
metrics, in either "numerical" or "ordinal" modes, using the
values defined above.
o Filtered Network Map resources for either or both network maps.
o Filtered Cost Map resources for any combination of "routingcost"
and "hopcount" metrics, in either "numerical" and "ordinal" modes,
for either or both network maps. The resources may or may not
accept constraint tests.
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o Endpoint Cost Service(s) or any combination of "routingcost" and
"hopcount" metrics, in either "numerical" and "ordinal" modes.
The cost values MUST be consistent with those for the default
network map. The resources may or may not accept constraint
tests.
o Endpoint Property Service(s) for the custom endpoint properties
defined above.
However, a server MUST NOT provide more than the two network maps
defined in this document. This restriction simplifies testing,
because it allows a client to automatically identify the alternate
network map (e.g., any network map which is not the default must be
the alternate network). If servers could offer three or more network
maps, a client would have to be provisioned with the resource id of
the alternate network map.
Note that if a server provides a Network Map resource for the
alternate network map, [RFC7285] requires the server to also provide
a Cost Map resource for the "routingcost" metric, in either
"numerical" or "ordinal" mode, and an Endpoint Property Service for
that network map's "pid" property.
A server MAY structure the IRD however it wants. In particular, a
server may
o Use secondary IRDs which the root IRD references.
o Use arbitrary resource IDs and cost type names.
o Use arbitrary URIs, in any recognized URI format.
o Provide multiple versions of POST-mode resources. For example, if
a server provides the secondary network map, it must provide an
Endpoint Property Service for the "pid" properties for both maps.
A server may provide one EPS for both properties, or a separate
EPS for each property.
4. Client Actions
When given the URI for an ALTO server's IRD, an ALTO client should
read the IRD, and for each resource that it recognizes, verify that
the server returns the correct response. Note that most of the data
the server returns is determined by the network maps, cost maps and
property values specified in Section 2, and hence can be verified by
a client. Some data cannot be determined a priori (e.g., resource id
and tag of a network map), but a client can verify their consistency
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(e.g., a cost map's dependent-vtag field should match the vtag field
of the associated network map).
It is expected that not every client will be able recognize and
verify every possible resource. However, each client MUST be able to
verify the default network map and the associated "routingcost" cost
map. In particular, although clients are not required to recognize
the alternate network map, if presented with an IRD with two network
maps, every client MUST be able to distinguish the default network
map, and its associated cost map, from the alternate network map.
Ideally clients should be scripted. That is, when given the URI for
a server, an ideal client would verify the server automatically,
without further operator intervention. A client should log the
resources it tested, and clearly highlight any response the client
considered incorrect.
The HTTP GET-mode resources (Network Map and Cost Map) do not require
client input, and hence testing is straight-forward: the client sends
the appropriate HTTP GET request, and verifies the response.
However, POST-mode resources, such as Filtered Cost Maps and Endpoint
Property Services, require client input. The following sections
present recommended input parameters for various resources, and
clients SHOULD implement as many of these tests as possible. Clients
MAY add additional tests, and are encouraged to do so.
4.1. Filtered Network Map Tests
o Empty "pid" array, omitted or empty "address-types" array. The
server should return the entire network map.
o Empty "pid" array, "address-types" array containing just "ipv6".
The server should return PIDs with ipv6 addresses, and only those
PIDs.
o "pid" array with one or more non-existent PID names, such as "not-
a-pid". The server should return an empty network map.
o "pid" array with a set of valid PID names (client's choice), plus
one or more non-existent PID names. The server should return the
valid PIDs and ignore the invalid ones.
4.2. Filtered Cost Map Tests
All tests require an appropriate "cost-type" parameter. At a
minimum, clients should run these tests for the "routingcost" metric
for the default network map. If possible, clients should also run
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these tests for the "hopcount" metric and the alternate network map.
Clients should remember that when testing "ordinal" costs, any values
are acceptable as long as they are consistent with the order of the
"numerical" costs defined in Section 2. Clients are also reminded
that ordinal values are only comparable to other values in the same
request, and a server may recalculate ordinal values for each
request. Hence the same cost point may have ordinal value "6" in a
full cost map, but have value "1" in a filtered cost map.
o Empty "srcs" and "dsts" arrays. The server should return the
entire cost map.
o Empty "srcs" array, "dsts" array with one or more valid PIDs. The
server should return costs from all PIDs to the specified
destination PIDs.
o Empty "dsts" array, "srcs" array with one or more valid PIDs. The
server should return costs from the specified source PIDs to all
destination PIDs.
o "srcs" and "dsts" arrays with only non-existent PID names. The
server should return an empty cost map.
o "srcs" and "dsts" arrays with a set of valid PID names (client's
choice), plus one or more non-existent PID names in one or the
arrays. The server should return costs for the valid PIDs and
ignore the non-existent ones.
o The two-element constraint test "ge 20", "le 30" for the numerical
"routingcost" for the default network map, with empty "srcs" and
"dsts" arrays (assuming that resource allows constraints, of
course). The server should return the all costs in the range,
namely:
mine mine1 mine1a mine2 mine3 peer1 peer2
mine - - - - - 30.0 30.0
mine1 - - - - - 20.0 25.0
mine1a - - - - - 22.0 24.0
mine2 - - - - - 23.0 25.0
mine3 - - - - - 25.0 28.0
peer1 30.0 20.0 22.0 23.0 25.0 - -
peer2 30.0 25.0 24.0 25.0 28.0 - -
Figure 8: Filtered Cost Map Constraint Test
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4.3. Endpoint Property Service Tests
Every client should verify that the server's EPS resource for the
default network's "pid" property returns the correct PID name for a
representative set of endpoint addresses. If possible, clients
should also verify the alternate network's "pid" property and the
"priv:ietf-type" property.
The table below gives the expected values for a set of addresses.
Clients are encouraged to test other addresses as well.
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Address def.pid alt.pid priv:ietf-type
---------------- ------- ------- --------------
ipv4:0.0.0.1 default default -
ipv4:10.1.2.3 private private -
ipv4:100.0.0.1 mine1 default mine
ipv4:100.0.1.1 mine1a default mine
ipv4:100.0.192.1 mine1a default mine
ipv4:100.0.64.1 mine1a default mine
ipv4:100.130.0.1 mine3 default mine
ipv4:100.200.0.1 mine default mine
ipv4:100.75.0.1 mine2 default mine
ipv4:101.0.0.1 default dc1 -
ipv4:101.1.0.1 default default -
ipv4:102.0.0.1 default dc2 -
ipv4:103.0.0.1 default dc3 -
ipv4:104.0.0.1 default dc4 -
ipv4:127.0.0.1 loopback loopback -
ipv4:127.255.255.255 loopback loopback -
ipv4:128.0.0.1 peer1 default peer
ipv4:129.0.0.1 peer2 default peer
ipv4:130.0.0.1 peer1 default peer
ipv4:131.0.0.1 peer2 default peer
ipv4:132.0.0.1 tran1 default transit
ipv4:135.0.0.1 tran2 default transit
ipv4:169.254.1.2 linklocal linklocal -
ipv4:201.0.0.1 default user1 -
ipv4:201.1.2.3 default default -
ipv4:202.0.0.1 default user2 -
ipv4:203.0.0.1 default user3 -
ipv4:204.0.0.1 default user4 -
ipv4:99.0.0.1 default default -
ipv6:::1 loopback loopback -
ipv6:::2 default default -
ipv6:2001:db8:: peer1 default peer
ipv6:2001:db8:8000::1 peer2 default peer
ipv6:fc00:1:: private private -
ipv6:ff80:1:2:: linklocal linklocal -
Figure 9: EPS Test Addresses And Property Values
4.4. Endpoint Cost Service Tests
TBD!!!
5. Error Tests
TBD!!!
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6. Security considerations
This document does not present any new security considerations above
and beyond what is documented in the ALTO protocol [RFC7285].
7. IANA considerations
This document does not require any action from IANA.
8. Normative References
[RFC7159] Bray, T., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
Interchange Format", RFC 7159, March 2014.
[RFC7285] Almi, R., Penno, R., Yang, Y., Kiesel, S., Previdi, S.,
Roome, W., Shalunov, S., and R. Woundy, "Application-Layer
Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Protocol", RFC 7285,
September 2014.
Appendix A. Appendix: JSON Network And Cost Maps
This section presents the network and cost maps defined in Section 2
formatted as JSON ([RFC7159]) objects.
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A.1. Default Network Map
"network-map": {
"default": {
"ipv4": ["0.0.0.0/0"],
"ipv6": ["::/0"] },
"linklocal": {
"ipv4": ["169.254.0.0/16"],
"ipv6": ["FF80::/10"] },
"loopback": {
"ipv4": ["127.0.0.0/8"],
"ipv6": ["::1/128"] },
"mine": {
"ipv4": ["100.0.0.0/8"] },
"mine1": {
"ipv4": ["100.0.0.0/10"] },
"mine1a": {
"ipv4": ["100.0.64.0/24", "100.0.192.0/24", "100.0.1.0/24"] },
"mine2": {
"ipv4": ["100.64.0.0/10"] },
"mine3": {
"ipv4": ["100.128.0.0/10"] },
"peer1": {
"ipv4": ["130.0.0.0/16", "128.0.0.0/16"],
"ipv6": ["2001:DB8::/33"] },
"peer2": {
"ipv4": ["131.0.0.0/16", "129.0.0.0/16"],
"ipv6": ["2001:DB8:8000::/33"] },
"private": {
"ipv4": ["10.0.0.0/8", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16"],
"ipv6": ["FC00::/7"] },
"tran1": {
"ipv4": ["132.0.0.0/16"] },
"tran2": {
"ipv4": ["135.0.0.0/16"] }
}
Figure 10: Default Network Map, in JSON
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A.2. Default "routingcost" Cost Map
"cost-map": {
"default": {
"default": 1.0, "mine": 75.0, "mine1": 75.0, "mine1a": 75.0,
"mine2": 75.0, "mine3": 75.0 },
"mine": {
"default": 75.0, "mine": 1.0, "mine1": 15.0, "mine1a": 15.0,
"mine2": 15.0, "mine3": 15.0, "peer1": 30.0, "peer2": 30.0,
"tran1": 50.0, "tran2": 50.0 },
"mine1": {
"default": 75.0, "mine": 15.0, "mine1": 1.0, "mine1a": 2.5,
"mine2": 5.0, "mine3": 7.0, "peer1": 20.0, "peer2": 25.0,
"tran1": 40.0, "tran2": 45.0 },
"mine1a": {
"default": 75.0, "mine": 15.0, "mine1": 2.0, "mine1a": 1.0,
"mine2": 7.0, "mine3": 9.0, "peer1": 22.0, "peer2": 24.0,
"tran1": 42.0, "tran2": 48.0 },
"mine2": {
"default": 75.0, "mine": 15.0, "mine1": 5.5, "mine1a": 7.0,
"mine2": 1.0, "mine3": 6.0, "peer1": 23.0, "peer2": 25.0,
"tran1": 43.0, "tran2": 46.0 },
"mine3": {
"default": 75.0, "mine": 15.0, "mine1": 7.0, "mine1a": 9.0,
"mine2": 6.0, "mine3": 1.0, "peer1": 25.0, "peer2": 28.0,
"tran1": 45.0, "tran2": 49.0 },
"peer1": {
"mine": 30.0, "mine1": 20.0, "mine1a": 22.0, "mine2": 23.0,
"mine3": 25.0, "peer1": 1.0 },
"peer2": {
"mine": 30.0, "mine1": 25.0, "mine1a": 24.0, "mine2": 25.0,
"mine3": 28.0, "peer2": 1.0 },
"tran1": {
"mine": 50.0, "mine1": 40.0, "mine1a": 42.0, "mine2": 43.0,
"mine3": 45.0, "tran1": 1.0 },
"tran2": {
"mine": 50.0, "mine1": 45.0, "mine1a": 48.0, "mine2": 46.0,
"mine3": 49.0, "tran2": 1.0 }
}
Figure 11: Default "routingcost" Cost Map, in JSON
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A.3. Default "hopcount" Cost Map
"cost-map": {
"default": {
"default": 1.0, "mine": 10.0, "mine1": 10.0, "mine1a": 10.0,
"mine2": 10.0, "mine3": 10.0 },
"mine": {
"default": 10.0, "mine": 1.0, "mine1": 3.0, "mine1a": 3.0,
"mine2": 3.0, "mine3": 3.0, "peer1": 5.0, "peer2": 6.0,
"tran1": 8.0, "tran2": 8.0 },
"mine1": {
"default": 10.0, "mine": 3.0, "mine1": 1.0, "mine1a": 2.0,
"mine2": 2.0, "mine3": 2.0, "peer1": 4.0, "peer2": 5.0,
"tran1": 6.0, "tran2": 7.0 },
"mine1a": {
"default": 10.0, "mine": 3.0, "mine1": 2.0, "mine1a": 1.0,
"mine2": 2.0, "mine3": 3.0, "peer1": 5.0, "peer2": 6.0,
"tran1": 7.0, "tran2": 8.0 },
"mine2": {
"default": 10.0, "mine": 3.0, "mine1": 2.0, "mine1a": 2.0,
"mine2": 1.0, "mine3": 2.0, "peer1": 4.0, "peer2": 5.0,
"tran1": 6.0, "tran2": 7.0 },
"mine3": {
"default": 10.0, "mine": 3.0, "mine1": 2.0, "mine1a": 3.0,
"mine2": 2.0, "mine3": 1.0, "peer1": 4.0, "peer2": 5.0,
"tran1": 6.0, "tran2": 7.0 },
"peer1": {
"mine": 5.0, "mine1": 4.0, "mine1a": 5.0, "mine2": 4.0,
"mine3": 4.0, "peer1": 1.0 },
"peer2": {
"mine": 6.0, "mine1": 5.0, "mine1a": 6.0, "mine2": 5.0,
"mine3": 5.0, "peer2": 1.0 },
"tran1": {
"mine": 8.0, "mine1": 6.0, "mine1a": 7.0, "mine2": 6.0,
"mine3": 6.0, "tran1": 1.0 },
"tran2": {
"mine": 8.0, "mine1": 7.0, "mine1a": 8.0, "mine2": 7.0,
"mine3": 7.0, "tran2": 1.0 }
}
Figure 12: Default "hopcount" Cost Map, in JSON
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A.4. Alternate Network Map
"network-map": {
"dc1": {
"ipv4": ["101.0.0.0/16"] },
"dc2": {
"ipv4": ["102.0.0.0/16"] },
"dc3": {
"ipv4": ["103.0.0.0/16"] },
"dc4": {
"ipv4": ["104.0.0.0/16"] },
"default": {
"ipv4": ["0.0.0.0/0"],
"ipv6": ["::/0"] },
"linklocal": {
"ipv4": ["169.254.0.0/16"],
"ipv6": ["FF80::/10"] },
"loopback": {
"ipv4": ["127.0.0.0/8"],
"ipv6": ["::1/128"] },
"private": {
"ipv4": ["10.0.0.0/8", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16"],
"ipv6": ["FC00::/7"] },
"user1": {
"ipv4": ["201.0.0.0/16"] },
"user2": {
"ipv4": ["202.0.0.0/16"] },
"user3": {
"ipv4": ["203.0.0.0/16"] },
"user4": {
"ipv4": ["204.0.0.0/16"] }
}
Figure 13: Alternate Network Map, in JSON
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A.5. Alternate "routingcost" Cost Map
"cost-map": {
"dc1": {
"dc1": 0.0, "dc2": 5.0, "dc3": 5.0, "dc4": 5.0,
"default": 50.0, "user1": 10.0, "user2": 20.0, "user3": 30.0,
"user4": 40.0 },
"dc2": {
"dc1": 5.0, "dc2": 0.0, "dc3": 5.0, "dc4": 5.0,
"default": 50.0, "user1": 20.0, "user2": 10.0, "user3": 20.0,
"user4": 30.0 },
"dc3": {
"dc1": 5.0, "dc2": 5.0, "dc3": 0.0, "dc4": 5.0,
"default": 50.0, "user1": 30.0, "user2": 20.0, "user3": 10.0,
"user4": 20.0 },
"dc4": {
"dc1": 5.0, "dc2": 5.0, "dc3": 5.0, "dc4": 0.0,
"default": 50.0, "user1": 40.0, "user2": 30.0, "user3": 20.0,
"user4": 10.0 },
"default": {
"dc1": 50.0, "dc2": 50.0, "dc3": 50.0, "dc4": 50.0,
"default": 0.0 },
"user1": {
"dc1": 10.0, "dc2": 20.0, "dc3": 30.0, "dc4": 40.0,
"user1": 0.0 },
"user2": {
"dc1": 20.0, "dc2": 10.0, "dc3": 20.0, "dc4": 30.0,
"user2": 0.0 },
"user3": {
"dc1": 30.0, "dc2": 20.0, "dc3": 10.0, "dc4": 20.0,
"user3": 0.0 },
"user4": {
"dc1": 40.0, "dc2": 30.0, "dc3": 20.0, "dc4": 10.0,
"user4": 0.0 }
}
Figure 14: Alternate "routingcost" Cost Map, in JSON
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A.6. Alternate "hopcount" Cost Map
"cost-map": {
"dc1": {
"dc1": 0.0, "dc2": 1.0, "dc3": 1.0, "dc4": 1.0,
"default": 8.0, "user1": 3.0, "user2": 4.0, "user3": 5.0,
"user4": 6.0 },
"dc2": {
"dc1": 1.0, "dc2": 0.0, "dc3": 1.0, "dc4": 1.0,
"default": 8.0, "user1": 4.0, "user2": 3.0, "user3": 4.0,
"user4": 5.0 },
"dc3": {
"dc1": 1.0, "dc2": 1.0, "dc3": 0.0, "dc4": 1.0,
"default": 8.0, "user1": 5.0, "user2": 4.0, "user3": 3.0,
"user4": 4.0 },
"dc4": {
"dc1": 1.0, "dc2": 1.0, "dc3": 1.0, "dc4": 0.0,
"default": 8.0, "user1": 6.0, "user2": 5.0, "user3": 4.0,
"user4": 3.0 },
"default": {
"dc1": 8.0, "dc2": 8.0, "dc3": 8.0, "dc4": 8.0,
"default": 0.0 },
"user1": {
"dc1": 3.0, "dc2": 4.0, "dc3": 5.0, "dc4": 6.0,
"user1": 0.0 },
"user2": {
"dc1": 4.0, "dc2": 3.0, "dc3": 4.0, "dc4": 5.0,
"user2": 0.0 },
"user3": {
"dc1": 5.0, "dc2": 4.0, "dc3": 3.0, "dc4": 4.0,
"user3": 0.0 },
"user4": {
"dc1": 6.0, "dc2": 5.0, "dc3": 4.0, "dc4": 3.0,
"user4": 0.0 }
},
Figure 15: Alternate "hopcount" Cost Map, in JSON
Appendix B. Acknowledgements
The editors will like to thank the ALTO working group participants
for reviewing test cases. Richard Alimi and Mikio Hara contributed
review cycles to the contents of this document.
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Author's Address
Wendy Roome (editor)
Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
Email: w.roome@alcatel-lucent.com
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