Internet DRAFT - draft-stauffer-rmt-bb-fec-supercharged

draft-stauffer-rmt-bb-fec-supercharged



Reliable Multicast Transport                                E. Stauffer 
Internet Draft                                                 Broadcom 
                                                                B. Shen 
                                                               Broadcom 
                                                         S. Chakraborty 
                                                               Broadcom 
                                                            D. Tujkovic 
                                                               Broadcom 
                                                               J. Huang 
                                                               Broadcom 
                                                                S. Shet 
                                                               Broadcom 
                                                                K. Rath 
                                                               Broadcom 
Intended status: Standards Track                         March 29, 2014 
Expires: September 2014 
                                    
 
                                      
                            Supercharged Codes 
               draft-stauffer-rmt-bb-fec-supercharged-04.txt 


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   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 27, 2014. 



 
 
 
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Copyright Notice 

   Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the 
   document authors. All rights reserved. 

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal 
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   described in the Simplified BSD License. 

Abstract 

This document describes a fully-specified FEC scheme for the 
Supercharged forward error correction code.  Supercharged codes are 
designed for use on the erasure channel.  Coding for the erasure 
channel commonly arises for data transmission over the internet, where 
lower layers either successfully deliver packets or fail to deliver 
them.  Coding is required to insure that data is not lost, even if 
packets are lost at the lower layers.  Error free reception is 
important for multimedia applications, such as streaming, where it may 
not be possible to correct an error in time by any other means.  Coding 
insures that lost packets can be recovered. 

Table of Contents 

    
   1. Introduction...................................................3 
   2. Supercharged Code..............................................3 
         2.1.1. Definitions..........................................3 
      2.2. Overview..................................................4 
      2.3. Matrix Representation.....................................5 
      2.4. Systematic Encoding.......................................6 
      2.5. Erasure Channel...........................................6 
      2.6. Decoding..................................................7 
      2.7. Matrix P Construction.....................................7 
         2.7.1. Function Prototypes..................................7 
         2.7.2. Parallel Filter Code T Construction..................8 
         2.7.3. Repetition Code R Construction......................10 
         2.7.4. Block Code B_1 Construction.........................11 
         2.7.5. Block Code B_2 and B_3 Construction.................11 
         2.7.6. SC_Parameters.......................................13 
         2.7.7. K Table.............................................13 
 
 
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         2.7.8. Random Number Generator.............................18 
         2.7.9. Random Permutation..................................22 
         2.7.10. RS Generator.......................................23 
         2.7.11. RS Code............................................24 
         2.7.12. SC_Filter_Data.....................................24 
         2.7.13. GF(256) Operations.................................25 
   3. FEC Packets...................................................25 
      3.1. Segmentation.............................................25 
         3.1.1. Transmit Blocks.....................................25 
         3.1.2. Working Blocks......................................26 
         3.1.3. Padding.............................................26 
   4. Parameter Selection...........................................26 
   5. Control Messages..............................................27 
      5.1. FEC Payload ID...........................................27 
      5.2. FEC Object Transmission Information......................27 
         5.2.1. FEC Encoding ID.....................................27 
         5.2.2. Common..............................................27 
         5.2.3. Scheme Specific.....................................28 
   6. Conventions used in this document.............................29 
   7. Security Considerations.......................................29 
   8. IANA Considerations...........................................29 
   9. References....................................................29 
      9.1. Normative References.....................................29 
      9.2. Informative References...................................29 
   10. Acknowledgments..............................................30 
    
1. Introduction 

   This document describes a fully-specified FEC scheme for the 
   Supercharged forward error correction code.  The Supercharged code is 
   designed for the erasure channel with performance very close to the 
   ideal Maximum Distance Separable(MDS) code and with very low 
   complexity.  Section 2 describes the architecture of the code and 
   defines the generator matrices used by the code.  Section 3 describes 
   how to construct FEC packets.  Section 4 discusses code parameter 
   selection for a particular usage context.  Section 5 defines the 
   protocol information elements.  Section 6 considers security.  
   Section 7 considers IANA. 

2. Supercharged Code 

2.1.1. Definitions 

   ceil(a): rounds a to the nearest integer towards infinity  

   floor(a): rounds a to the nearest integer towards minus infinity  

 
 
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   min(a,b): returns the minimum of a and b 

   max(a,b): returns the maximum of a and b 

   a % b: is a modulo b 

   a + b: is a plus b 

   a * b: is a multiplied by b. 

   a ^ b: the bitwise XOR of a and b 

   a ^^ b: raises a to the b power 

   I_a: the a x a identity matrix 

   zeros(a,b): the a x b zero matrix 

2.2. Overview 

   Figure 1 shows a general block diagram of the supercharged code.  It 
   consists of a network of codes including block codes, repetition 
   codes, and parallel filter codes.  Block code 1 consists of a 
   Vandermonde matrix in GF(256), a non-systematic Reed Solomon code.  
   Block code 2 and 3 consist of binary block codes. 

    
            +--------------+   +-----------------+ 
        +---| Block Code 1 |---| Repetition Code |---+ 
        |   +--------------+   +-----------------+   | 
        |                                            | 
        |   +--------------+   +-----------------+   | 
   x ---+---| Block Code 2 |---| Repetition Code |---+----- y 
        |   +--------------+   +-----------------+   | 
        |                                            | 
        |   +--------------+   +-----------------+   | 
        +---| Block Code 3 |---|                 |   | 
        |   +--------------+   |                 |   | 
        |                      | Parallel Filter |---+ 
        +----------------------|      Code       | 
                               |                 | 
                               +-----------------+ 
    
             Figure 1  Block Diagram of the SC Code 



 
 
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   The parallel filter code of Figure 1 is detailed in Figure 2.  It 
   consists of interleavers, tailbiting FIR filters, and a multiplexer 
   to select the output of the filters.  

                              +----------------+ 
          +---------------+   | Tailbiting FIR | 
      +---| Interleaver 1 |---|     Filter     |-------+ 
      |   +---------------+   |                |       | 
      |                       +----------------+    +-----+ 
   ---+         ...                  ...            | Mux |--- 
      |                       +----------------+    +-----+ 
      |   +---------------+   | Tailbiting FIR |       | 
      +---| Interleaver M |---|     Filter     |-------+ 
          +---------------+   |                | 
                              +----------------+ 
    
             Figure 2  An example parallel filter code showing 
             individual data interleavers and tailbiting FIR filters as 
             coding components. 

   An example of one of the tailbiting FIR filters is illustrated in 
   Figure 3, where the state of the filter is initialized with the final 
   state to make it tailbiting. 

     

                          +---+   +---+   +---+ 
                       ---| D |---| D |---| D | 
                          +---+   +---+   +---+ 
                            |       |       | 
                            +-------+-------+ 
                                    | 
                                    +-------------- 
    
             Figure 3  An example 3 tap FIR filter that can be used for 
             the tailbiting FIR filter coding component.  An XOR 
             operation is applied at the output of the delay elements 
             to produce the final output. 

   Optionally, if the number of transmit symbols N is signaled to be 
   limited such that N<=256, then the code can achieve ideal performance 
   by utilizing a Reed Solomon code. 

2.3. Matrix Representation 

   Since supercharged codes are linear, an output codeword can be 
   expressed as a matrix multiplied by an input vector.  Given Kx1 
 
 
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   encoding state vector x, consisting of binary transmit symbols, the 
   output Nx1 codeword, y, can be written as 

                   y = (T*[I_K; B_3] + R_1*B_1 + R_2*B_2)*x          (1) 

   where T is the N x (K+Num_B_3) generator matrix for the FIR 
   structure, B_1 is the Num_V_RS x K generator matrix for the first 
   block code, B_2 is the Num_B_2 x K generator for the second block 
   code, B_3 is the Num_B_3 x K generator matrix of the third block 
   code, and R_1 is a N x Num_V_RS stack and R_2 is a N x Num_B_2 stack 
   of identity matrices which facilitates repetition.  For example, 
   matrix R_1 would consist of floor(N/Num_V_RS) copies of the identity 
   matrix stacked vertically, with a fractional identity matrix below 
   consisting of N mod Num_V_RS rows.  The "+"operator indicates the 
   bitwise XOR operation.  For convenience, denote the generator matrix 
   P = (T*[I_K; B_3] + R_1*B_1 + R_2*B_2), such that y=Px. 

2.4. Systematic Encoding 

   Supercharged codes are not inherently systematic codes.  Non-
   systematic codes are commonly transformed into an effective 
   systematic code by pre-processing the input data before using it as 
   the input to the encoder, y=Px.  The encoder input is calculated by 
   decoding the desired input data and running the decoder to determine 
   the encoder input vector x.  Let matrix P_enc be the KxK generating 
   matrix corresponding to the first K elements of y, the encoder input 
   x can be computed using the following 

                          x = P_enc^^(-1) * d. 

   Now, x can be used to encode using equation (1) to generate y.  The 
   first K elements of vector y will be equal to d. 

2.5. Erasure Channel 

   After encoding, the N transmit symbols of codeword vector y are 
   transmitted on the channel.  Some of these transmit symbols are 
   erased by the channel.  Suppose that the Nxr matrix E represents the 
   erasure pattern of the channel in that it selects out the r received 
   transmit symbols y_r from the transmitted symbols y.  If the ith 
   received symbol is the jth transmit symbol, then E(i,j)=1.  This 
   results in 

                              y_r = E*y. 

   At the decoder, the effective generator matrix at the receiver is P_r 
   = E*P. 
 
 
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2.6. Decoding 

   Decoding is the process of determining x given y_r and P_r.  Decoding 
   can be implemented in several different ways, but each are equivalent 
   to solving the least squares problem x = (P_r^^T*P_r)^^-1 * P_r^^T * 
   y_r.  Modern sparse matrix factorization techniques can take 
   advantage of the sparse structure imposed by the parallel filter 
   structure if (1) is rewritten in the following equivalent form 

                                z = Gw,                              (2) 

   with augmented generator matrix G defined as 

                   G = [ [B_3; B_2; B_1] I_L; T R_2 R_1] 

   and where the augmented output vector z=[zeros(L,1); y], the 
   augmented input vector w=[x; B_3*x; B_2*x; B_1*x], and where L= 
   Num_V_RS+Num_B_2+Num_B_3.  The bottom L elements of vector w contain 
   the outputs, before repetition, of the block codes.  These L values 
   are appended to vector x to form the augmented input vector w.  The 
   first L rows of G implement the block code and XOR the block code 
   output with itself to generate the L zeros at the top of the z 
   vector.  The subsequent N rows of G implement the FIR structure and 
   XOR the output with the output of the block codes. 

   This problem can be efficiently solved using direct sparse matrix 
   factorization techniques described in [3-8].  It is RECOMMENDED that 
   the Dulmage-Mendelsohn based solver in chapter 8 of [5] be used with 
   addition, multiplication, and division updated to support a finite 
   field.  This algorithm utilizes pivoting based on node degrees in the 
   equivalent graph to minimize fill-in.  The solution is completed by 
   performing forward and backward substitutions.  Iterative solvers are 
   also possible. 

   Once the encoder state vector x, or equivalently the augmented 
   encoder state vector w, has been determined, the task remains to 
   determine the data vector d.  For any elements of d that are missing, 
   then can be recovered by using appropriate rows of (1) or (2). 

    

2.7. Matrix P Construction 

2.7.1. Function Prototypes 

   The following functions are utilized to construction the Supercharged 
   code. 
 
 
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   [K_eff, Num_V_RS, Num_B_2, Num_B_3] = SC_Parameters(K, N) 

   K_eff=SC_K_table(K) 

   b=RNG(a) 

   a=RNG_2(a,b) 

   [permutation,the_seed]= Generate_Permutation(a,b) 

   G_V_RS = RS_gen(K,N) 

   [filter_data, filter_N]=SC_filter_data(z) 

   b=GF_exp(a) 

   C=GF_Multiply(A,B) 

    

2.7.2. Parallel Filter Code T Construction 

   The parallel filter code matrix T can be generated using the 
   following pseudo code.  The code generates multiple random 
   interleavers and selects which output of which interleaver depending 
   on the SID, where the SID is definded in section 3.   Note that at 
   the receiver, only filter outputs corresponding to the received SID's 
   are required.  The following code generates filter outputs for SIDs 0 
   to N-1.  Determination of the filter output is a function of the SID 
   only, not any other filter output, making it simple to generate only 
   the filter outputs needed at encoding or decoding. The 
   Generate_Permutation function is defined in section 2.7.9. , the 
   SC_filter_data function is defined in section 2.7.12. , and the RNG 
   function is defined in section 2.7.8.  

       seed1 = 758492 

       seed2 = ( (K_eff*874) ^ (seed1) ) 

       seed3 = 23091 

       base_permutation = Generate_Permutation(K_eff+Num_B_3,seed2) 

       filter_data = SC_filter_data(K_eff+Num_B_3) 

    

 
 
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       T = zeros(N,K_eff+NUM_B_3) 

       for SID=0:N-1 

           %Determine which filter to select 

           rn1 = min( RNG(15*(SID+1)+2*seed3) , 2^^32 ) 

           index = 0 

           while(rn1>(filter_data[index])) 

                index = index+1 

           end 

    

           tdeg=index+1 

                    

           %Determine which interleaver to select 

           rn2 = min( RNG(2*K_eff+3*(SID+1)) , 2^^32 ) 

           interleaver_number = ( (rn2) % (K_eff+Num_B_3) ) 

            

           %Determine which part of the interleaver to select   

           rn3 = min( RNG(98573+2*(SID+1)+rn1) , 2^^32 ) 

           interleaver_part = ((rn3) % (K_eff+Num_B_3)) 

            

           for tap_loop=0:tdeg 

               filter_tap = (tap_loop+interleaver_part) % 
   (K_eff+Num_B_3)     

               tap_location = (base_permutation[filter_tap] + 
   base_permutation[interleaver_number]) % (K_eff+Num_B_3) 

               T[Num_V_RS+Num_B_2+Num_B_3+SID,tap_location] = 1 
 
 
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           end     

       end 

    
2.7.3. Repetition Code R Construction 

   The repetition code matrix R_1 and R_2 can be constructed via the 
   following pseudo code.  Note that at the receiver, only filter 
   outputs corresponding to the received SID's are required.  The 
   following code generates filter outputs for SIDs 0 to N-1 for R_1. 

      R_1 = zeros(N,Num_V_RS) 

       for SID = 0:N-1       

           for k = 0:Num_V_RS-1 

               if( ((SID-k) % (Num_V_RS)) == 0 ) 

                   R_1[SID,k] = 1   

               end    

           end    

       end 

    
   The following code generates filter outputs for SIDs 0 to N-1 for 
   R_2. 

       R_2 = zeros(N, Num_B_2) 

       for SID = 0:N-1 

           for k = 0: Num_B_2-1 

               if( ((SID-k) % (Num_B_2)) == 0 ) 

                   R_2[SID,k] = 1 

               end 

           end 


 
 
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       end 

    
2.7.4. Block Code B_1 Construction 

   The Vandermonde matrix of block code B_1 can be constructed via the 
   following pseudo code.  The GF_exp function is defined in section 
   2.7.13.  

    
        B_1 = zeros(Num_V_RS,K_eff) 

       for i = 0:Num_V_RS-1 

           for k = 0:K_eff-1 

               B_1[i+1,k+1] = GF_exp( ((i+1)*k) % (2^^8-1) ) 

           end 

       end 

    

2.7.5. Block Code B_2 and B_3 Construction 

   The block code B_2 and B_3 can be constructed jointly via the 
   following pseudo code, where B_23=[B_3; B_2].    

    
       B_23 = zeros(Num_B_2 + Num_B_3,K_eff) 
    
       for i = 0:K_eff-1 
            
           for k = 0: Num_B_2 + Num_B_3 - 1 
                
               if( ( (k-i) % (Num_B_2 + Num_B_3) ) == 0) 
                    
                   B_23[k,i] = 1 
                    
               end 
                            
           end 
            

 
 
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       end 
    
        
    
       m=1 
        
       for i = 0:K_eff-1 
            
           for k = 0: Num_B_2 + Num_B_3 - 1 
                
               if( ( (k-i-2*floor(m/( Num_B_2 + Num_B_3))) % (Num_B_2 + 
   Num_B_3) ) == 0) 
                    
                   B_23[k,i] = 1 
                    
               end 
                
               m = m+1 
                
           end 
            
       end 
    
    
    
       m=2 
        
       for i = 0:K_eff-1 
            
           for k = 0: Num_B_2 + Num_B_3 - 1 
                
               if( ( (k-i-3*floor(m/( Num_B_2 + Num_B_3))) % (Num_B_2 + 
   Num_B_3) ) == 0) 
                    
                   B_23[k,i] = 1 
                    
               end 
                
               m = m+1 
                
           end 
 
 
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       end 
    
    
    

2.7.6. SC_Parameters 

   The following pseudo code determines a set of parameters needed for 
   matrix construction.  The SC_K_table is defined in section 2.7.7.  

   function [K_eff, Num_V_RS, Num_B_2, Num_B_3] = SC_Parameters(K, N) 
        
        K_eff = SC_K_table(K) 

       Num_V_RS = 11 + floor(K_eff/10000) 

       Num_B = floor(K_eff^^(0.62)) + 3 

       if( K_eff >= 17376 )   

           Num_B = ceil( K_eff*0.0152 + 163 ) 

       end 

       Num_B_3 = ceil(0.75*( Num_B )) 

       Num_B_2 = Num_B - Num_B_3 

    

    

2.7.7. K Table 

   The function K_eff=SC_K_table(K) is implemented based on the 
   following table, by returning the smallest K_eff such that K_eff>=K. 

   10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,
   33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,
   56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,
   80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,1
   02,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,11
   9,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,133,134,135,136,137
   ,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,
   155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,1
 
 
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   72,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,18
   9,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206
   ,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,
   224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,2
   41,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,25
   8,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275
   ,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,
   293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,3
   11,312,314,315,316,320,321,324,328,329,335,337,338,340,341,344,347,34
   9,352,355,357,358,360,362,364,366,368,372,377,380,381,382,384,385,388
   ,389,393,394,395,397,399,405,408,409,410,411,416,418,424,426,428,431,
   432,434,438,443,447,448,451,452,453,457,460,465,466,467,469,473,476,4
   77,478,482,483,484,485,486,490,491,492,493,494,496,497,498,500,501,50
   2,503,504,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520
   ,521,522,524,526,527,528,529,530,532,533,534,535,536,537,539,541,542,
   543,545,546,549,551,552,553,554,555,557,558,559,561,562,563,564,566,5
   69,571,572,573,574,576,577,578,579,580,582,583,585,586,587,588,589,59
   0,592,593,594,597,598,599,600,602,603,606,607,608,609,610,612,614,615
   ,616,617,619,620,622,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,633,635,636,637,638,
   640,643,645,648,650,652,653,654,655,656,659,660,661,662,664,666,667,6
   68,669,672,673,674,675,677,687,688,691,692,693,694,695,696,698,699,70
   0,701,703,710,711,712,715,716,717,718,726,727,730,731,734,736,737,741
   ,744,747,748,751,752,753,757,759,760,762,764,766,769,771,772,773,774,
   775,777,778,779,786,788,790,792,793,794,795,797,798,799,800,801,802,8
   04,805,810,811,812,813,815,820,821,822,823,825,827,829,830,831,834,83
   5,837,838,839,840,843,844,845,846,848,849,851,852,853,854,857,858,860
   ,863,864,866,868,869,870,875,877,879,883,886,887,890,891,894,897,898,
   899,900,902,903,904,905,906,907,909,912,913,914,917,922,926,927,928,9
   31,934,938,940,942,944,945,948,950,953,954,960,961,963,967,968,970,97
   1,972,974,977,979,980,981,985,987,989,990,995,996,1000,1002,1003,1005
   ,1006,1007,1009,1010,1015,1020,1021,1022,1024,1025,1027,1032,1033,103
   4,1035,1037,1041,1042,1043,1046,1048,1050,1051,1054,1056,1057,1059,10
   60,1062,1065,1069,1070,1071,1074,1076,1078,1079,1082,1083,1085,1086,1
   087,1088,1089,1095,1098,1099,1106,1110,1111,1118,1120,1123,1124,1125,
   1131,1132,1134,1136,1139,1140,1142,1144,1150,1152,1157,1161,1162,1165
   ,1169,1173,1175,1176,1179,1181,1182,1183,1194,1200,1201,1204,1205,120
   6,1208,1209,1212,1213,1214,1218,1219,1220,1222,1225,1227,1228,1229,12
   32,1236,1238,1240,1242,1243,1245,1248,1250,1252,1253,1255,1258,1261,1
   269,1273,1278,1279,1280,1283,1284,1292,1293,1302,1303,1306,1310,1311,
   1315,1318,1319,1321,1325,1330,1331,1342,1343,1347,1348,1352,1357,1359
   ,1361,1365,1374,1380,1382,1384,1388,1389,1390,1391,1392,1395,1397,140
   3,1404,1407,1413,1417,1418,1420,1425,1429,1431,1435,1436,1437,1447,14
   50,1461,1462,1464,1473,1474,1475,1477,1485,1490,1494,1496,1497,1502,1
   503,1507,1513,1514,1516,1521,1522,1526,1530,1534,1539,1541,1549,1552,
   1554,1555,1561,1564,1569,1572,1579,1585,1586,1590,1591,1593,1595,1596
   ,1597,1598,1600,1604,1608,1610,1611,1612,1616,1617,1624,1631,1633,163
   6,1641,1646,1649,1650,1658,1660,1665,1667,1671,1673,1679,1683,1689,16
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014              [Page 14] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

   92,1696,1698,1703,1705,1707,1708,1713,1716,1722,1728,1733,1734,1739,1
   740,1742,1744,1745,1756,1759,1760,1764,1768,1771,1776,1777,1780,1782,
   1787,1800,1807,1814,1824,1826,1827,1842,1844,1854,1857,1863,1867,1873
   ,1874,1878,1881,1883,1887,1889,1890,1891,1892,1894,1896,1903,1905,190
   6,1910,1919,1924,1926,1931,1933,1943,1944,1948,1952,1954,1967,1971,19
   73,1976,1979,1985,1986,1987,1989,1992,1994,1995,1998,2000,2005,2006,2
   018,2019,2030,2040,2043,2048,2054,2055,2057,2061,2070,2071,2074,2077,
   2082,2084,2087,2089,2093,2096,2098,2103,2104,2107,2111,2120,2122,2125
   ,2128,2138,2150,2152,2155,2160,2175,2177,2182,2189,2195,2200,2201,220
   3,2217,2219,2225,2226,2231,2234,2235,2236,2237,2245,2247,2274,2276,22
   78,2280,2282,2283,2286,2292,2303,2304,2306,2310,2315,2316,2319,2320,2
   321,2330,2333,2336,2339,2343,2344,2345,2351,2367,2368,2371,2374,2382,
   2389,2392,2395,2396,2400,2402,2407,2410,2412,2416,2421,2422,2434,2442
   ,2446,2447,2462,2473,2477,2478,2481,2486,2490,2492,2495,2502,2505,250
   7,2509,2512,2513,2522,2525,2527,2528,2536,2543,2549,2556,2559,2561,25
   63,2565,2583,2587,2590,2592,2596,2598,2601,2603,2604,2606,2617,2622,2
   625,2626,2636,2638,2640,2643,2654,2660,2668,2673,2677,2679,2688,2695,
   2699,2701,2713,2714,2723,2737,2741,2747,2753,2762,2764,2769,2772,2775
   ,2776,2785,2796,2802,2805,2808,2826,2828,2830,2831,2834,2836,2853,287
   5,2877,2878,2884,2906,2938,2945,2948,2950,2961,2964,2966,2968,2979,29
   80,2985,2989,2998,3008,3011,3015,3018,3022,3027,3048,3049,3051,3053,3
   056,3062,3071,3075,3080,3093,3094,3095,3097,3101,3107,3109,3119,3122,
   3128,3149,3150,3151,3158,3166,3167,3173,3178,3180,3181,3182,3186,3190
   ,3195,3200,3201,3203,3204,3205,3208,3216,3217,3223,3224,3232,3236,324
   0,3248,3251,3253,3269,3276,3278,3279,3286,3292,3299,3306,3309,3336,33
   40,3342,3344,3351,3352,3356,3357,3371,3375,3380,3387,3396,3404,3407,3
   410,3423,3430,3445,3451,3463,3466,3471,3478,3479,3502,3513,3520,3528,
   3531,3534,3539,3540,3546,3551,3565,3577,3579,3603,3606,3608,3612,3614
   ,3616,3620,3647,3650,3653,3658,3664,3677,3682,3686,3694,3697,3705,370
   7,3724,3728,3744,3749,3751,3754,3761,3765,3776,3778,3781,3792,3797,37
   99,3801,3834,3840,3841,3848,3861,3863,3883,3901,3903,3919,3924,3941,3
   943,3960,3965,3970,3971,3989,3992,4007,4013,4015,4037,4039,4045,4050,
   4055,4069,4072,4073,4091,4096,4106,4112,4124,4129,4133,4140,4146,4156
   ,4165,4188,4207,4209,4210,4215,4221,4236,4237,4247,4252,4253,4257,426
   1,4266,4270,4318,4330,4341,4346,4359,4363,4365,4366,4388,4415,4418,44
   36,4438,4453,4468,4474,4477,4503,4512,4513,4519,4522,4538,4548,4567,4
   575,4576,4577,4583,4590,4621,4639,4651,4659,4681,4693,4698,4700,4702,
   4729,4731,4739,4741,4742,4748,4749,4758,4764,4765,4771,4772,4780,4785
   ,4803,4804,4838,4840,4843,4868,4871,4878,4885,4898,4901,4918,4924,493
   3,4939,4954,4959,4979,4982,4988,4991,4999,5000,5008,5021,5023,5030,50
   39,5060,5062,5063,5096,5116,5137,5143,5145,5162,5163,5167,5172,5186,5
   218,5225,5238,5240,5252,5260,5279,5285,5295,5301,5310,5314,5317,5331,
   5332,5334,5348,5353,5354,5390,5391,5392,5405,5407,5432,5449,5451,5453
   ,5460,5464,5466,5471,5473,5477,5492,5506,5508,5537,5540,5543,5554,556
   1,5566,5570,5576,5579,5587,5616,5637,5672,5674,5676,5684,5694,5716,57
   32,5774,5792,5798,5800,5808,5823,5838,5844,5863,5896,5897,5899,5900,5
   916,5921,5930,5960,5975,6039,6055,6057,6059,6067,6068,6078,6092,6099,
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 27, 2014              [Page 15] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

   6102,6107,6136,6151,6169,6189,6191,6218,6233,6249,6271,6274,6296,6318
   ,6352,6363,6376,6407,6430,6435,6441,6463,6486,6491,6502,6512,6518,652
   0,6534,6542,6549,6553,6589,6590,6593,6599,6614,6625,6634,6643,6655,66
   70,6680,6684,6691,6692,6701,6708,6711,6724,6730,6732,6752,6799,6803,6
   809,6812,6834,6849,6855,6877,6878,6879,6899,6907,6919,6936,6945,6946,
   6954,6955,6956,6958,6981,7000,7011,7030,7032,7033,7108,7111,7127,7164
   ,7171,7175,7179,7181,7185,7225,7226,7281,7288,7295,7307,7325,7359,736
   0,7390,7392,7411,7476,7520,7535,7548,7552,7558,7567,7589,7596,7616,76
   45,7675,7679,7714,7726,7747,7770,7780,7785,7805,7818,7855,7870,7883,7
   923,7935,7936,7953,7974,7999,8028,8030,8069,8074,8093,8104,8111,8122,
   8150,8154,8172,8173,8189,8192,8193,8194,8223,8236,8290,8304,8377,8425
   ,8438,8439,8464,8481,8492,8521,8556,8559,8575,8582,8595,8602,8606,862
   4,8628,8648,8654,8666,8672,8689,8738,8739,8744,8775,8787,8837,8841,88
   42,8860,8928,8929,8970,8977,8993,9009,9019,9020,9029,9041,9051,9087,9
   111,9151,9195,9208,9298,9303,9327,9344,9352,9360,9364,9388,9400,9402,
   9446,9448,9449,9461,9462,9470,9485,9497,9512,9539,9546,9560,9572,9601
   ,9612,9642,9649,9653,9677,9689,9692,9704,9708,9758,9765,9794,9813,986
   0,9916,9922,9927,9949,9971,9978,9981,9986,9987,10017,10040,10065,1007
   3,10084,10097,10105,10120,10124,10134,10166,10187,10197,10202,10204,1
   0241,10242,10279,10308,10324,10336,10351,10361,10458,10460,10567,1064
   3,10676,10705,10712,10717,10759,10786,10787,10857,10883,10899,10911,1
   0933,10944,10958,10963,11011,11015,11024,11036,11039,11049,11060,1111
   9,11130,11146,11172,11203,11210,11216,11219,11230,11245,11316,11358,1
   1371,11376,11423,11475,11534,11590,11649,11653,11677,11686,11707,1171
   1,11740,11748,11751,11780,11823,11829,11843,11890,11896,11919,11947,1
   1956,11976,12026,12037,12045,12072,12087,12108,12119,12154,12160,1220
   8,12215,12216,12228,12229,12235,12247,12294,12333,12400,12437,12455,1
   2458,12460,12469,12471,12510,12528,12567,12569,12593,12685,12694,1270
   4,12721,12726,12754,12790,12817,12857,12914,12928,12936,12956,13002,1
   3012,13026,13030,13035,13038,13057,13067,13082,13114,13143,13159,1319
   3,13204,13214,13270,13278,13284,13326,13335,13417,13421,13423,13460,1
   3479,13558,13607,13695,13696,13742,13764,13816,13827,13833,13837,1387
   4,13879,13974,13987,14022,14100,14115,14140,14202,14272,14342,14350,1
   4370,14376,14385,14393,14408,14409,14415,14417,14442,14486,14509,1456
   0,14565,14713,14729,14743,14755,14798,14862,14874,14913,14934,14990,1
   5007,15011,15120,15170,15194,15217,15227,15235,15285,15314,15321,1532
   5,15332,15438,15499,15573,15611,15651,15668,15732,15735,15741,15757,1
   5780,15808,15813,15847,15870,15941,15953,15977,16002,16017,16060,1610
   8,16161,16286,16287,16304,16336,16374,16377,16384,16414,16505,16563,1
   6623,16665,16670,16674,16689,16691,16710,16727,16743,16794,16828,1685
   1,16900,16974,17005,17024,17029,17038,17039,17051,17086,17098,17148,1
   7151,17195,17206,17266,17316,17323,17326,17331,17357,17376,17466,1748
   9,17531,17559,17642,17681,17791,17868,17926,17929,17988,17991,18009,1
   8026,18027,18056,18116,18168,18232,18307,18309,18438,18503,18504,1851
   1,18590,18628,18629,18630,18636,18647,18672,18691,18694,18719,18909,1
   8988,19023,19036,19096,19126,19132,19139,19193,19204,19210,19277,1930
   4,19314,19325,19539,19544,19547,19631,19632,19635,19675,19700,19705,1
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014              [Page 16] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

   9740,19748,19921,19939,19951,19972,19985,20042,20052,20133,20141,2015
   2,20173,20230,20245,20269,20287,20335,20355,20396,20407,20455,20501,2
   0564,20580,20583,20664,20683,20710,20768,20776,20778,20789,20794,2098
   8,21058,21087,21141,21143,21151,21186,21199,21216,21224,21385,21412,2
   1468,21475,21478,21479,21486,21487,21515,21569,21616,21629,21673,2170
   2,21729,21737,21747,21852,21927,21969,22060,22062,22068,22073,22114,2
   2131,22244,22301,22320,22366,22433,22450,22482,22490,22498,22536,2272
   7,22787,22947,22994,23010,23026,23063,23084,23135,23158,23180,23252,2
   3392,23457,23491,23500,23568,23607,23721,23730,23787,23935,23971,2399
   1,24023,24185,24215,24232,24398,24406,24476,24548,24550,24555,24562,2
   4566,24591,24592,24616,24633,24673,24721,24735,24743,24761,24832,2489
   1,24967,24976,25062,25080,25230,25391,25407,25433,25463,25493,25543,2
   5613,25668,25756,25919,26022,26048,26050,26092,26291,26297,26329,2634
   2,26371,26535,26566,26582,26676,26741,26838,26908,26910,26973,26984,2
   7111,27119,27163,27256,27296,27353,27392,27428,27492,27594,27644,2766
   6,27682,27771,27885,27895,27959,27987,28088,28116,28134,28137,28248,2
   8263,28365,28466,28548,28549,28787,28816,28845,28966,29002,29042,2905
   4,29072,29127,29138,29265,29326,29345,29434,29481,29487,29500,29588,2
   9731,29816,29827,29868,29905,29964,30037,30097,30153,30169,30280,3034
   6,30405,30433,30461,30493,30513,30550,30583,30646,30654,30909,30915,3
   0921,30930,30974,30997,31052,31056,31142,31199,31283,31285,31303,3150
   5,31578,31605,31948,31957,31997,32124,32139,32142,32272,32403,32555,3
   2601,32630,32631,32648,32699,32768,32807,32849,32912,32932,32961,3296
   5,33129,33171,33200,33282,33334,33623,34258,34302,34654,34708,35024,3
   5031,35388,35395,35462,35488,35586,35600,35747,35750,35774,35802,3607
   1,36112,36189,36252,36254,36294,36328,36357,36448,36476,36477,36479,3
   6485,36637,36749,36849,36874,36894,37170,37185,37187,37227,37612,3769
   5,37701,37767,37793,37805,37815,37826,37906,37992,38008,38010,38046,3
   8080,38130,38236,38385,38763,38787,39166,39176,39201,39237,39288,3939
   8,39482,39643,39786,39831,39960,39980,40089,40105,40140,40152,40192,4
   0220,40274,40293,40303,40398,40549,40604,40625,40666,40690,40816,4084
   3,40847,40894,40896,40962,40969,41003,41087,41107,41132,41216,41226,4
   1265,41314,41321,41357,41367,41539,41576,41641,41717,41820,42033,4206
   7,42172,42490,42662,42795,42813,42916,43339,43351,43388,43482,43498,4
   3691,43840,43905,43924,43932,44033,44129,44279,44821,44883,44945,4495
   1,45097,45162,45359,45389,45557,45582,45638,45813,45830,45919,45960,4
   6038,46086,46104,46187,46281,46428,46463,46481,46574,47047,47324,4741
   8,47523,47717,48007,48264,48334,48489,48501,48702,48788,48976,48994,4
   9504,49550,49703,49711,49978,49995,50006,50338,50511,50799,50946,5094
   7,50951,50980,51017,51150,51244,51530,51616,51977,52007,52062,52364,5
   2441,52586,52598,52768,52883,52978,53047,53064,53114,53127,54024,5454
   6,54578,54735,54803,55123,55289,55510,55661,55744,55843,55885,55921,5
   6297,56403,56696,57113,57424,57614,57779,58294,58326,58721,58908,5934
   6,59541,59651,59882,60076,60164,60250,60618,60799,61144,61208,61217,6
   1617 

    
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014              [Page 17] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

2.7.8. Random Number Generator 

   The SC code utilizes two random number generators.  The first uses 
   the second.  The first is described by the following pseudo code: 

   function b=RNG(a) 

   for i = 0:7 

       a = RNG_2( a, ( (a) % (89) ) ) 

       b = (b) % (a) 

   end 

    

   The second random number generator uses a selectable set of feedback 
   taps.  The second is described by the following pseudo code: 

   function a=RNG_2(a,b) 

   tap_list=[32, 31, 30, 10 

   32, 31, 29, 1 

   32, 31, 26, 18 

   32, 31, 26, 9 

   32, 31, 26, 7 

   32, 31, 23, 10 

   32, 31, 22, 17 

   32, 31, 21, 16 

   32, 31, 21, 5 

   32, 31, 18, 10 

   32, 31, 16, 2 

   32, 31, 15, 10 

   32, 31, 14, 4 
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014              [Page 18] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

   32, 31, 13, 8 

   32, 31, 9, 7 

   32, 31, 5, 4 

   32, 30, 29, 23 

   32, 30, 29, 20 

   32, 30, 29, 16 

   32, 30, 29, 15 

   32, 30, 27, 24 

   32, 30, 27, 21 

   32, 30, 27, 12 

   32, 30, 27, 8 

   32, 30, 26, 25 

   32, 30, 26, 13 

   32, 30, 25, 16 

   32, 30, 23, 16 

   32, 30, 23, 14 

   32, 30, 23, 4 

   32, 30, 21, 14 

   32, 30, 19, 8 

   32, 30, 19, 4 

   32, 30, 17, 3 

   32, 30, 15, 6 

   32, 30, 11, 8 

   32, 30, 11, 5 
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014              [Page 19] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

   32, 30, 8, 3 

   32, 30, 7, 4 

   32, 29, 28, 19 

   32, 29, 27, 23 

   32, 29, 27, 21 

   32, 29, 27, 6 

   32, 29, 26, 6 

   32, 29, 25, 6 

   32, 29, 22, 18 

   32, 29, 19, 16 

   32, 29, 17, 15 

   32, 29, 15, 8 

   32, 29, 6, 5 

   32, 29, 6, 4 

   32, 28, 25, 15 

   32, 28, 25, 11 

   32, 28, 25, 6 

   32, 28, 23, 6 

   32, 28, 15, 13 

   32, 28, 9, 7 

   32, 27, 26, 14 

   32, 27, 25, 20 

   32, 27, 25, 19 

   32, 27, 25, 17 
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014             [Page 20] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                  March 2014 
    

   32, 27, 25, 7 

   32, 27, 25, 5 

   32, 27, 23, 6 

   32, 27, 21, 6 

   32, 27, 20, 18 

   32, 27, 18, 14 

   32, 27, 15, 14 

   32, 27, 14, 12 

   32, 27, 14, 9 

   32, 27, 8, 6 

   32, 26, 25, 10 

   32, 26, 23, 12 

   32, 26, 22, 7 

   32, 26, 20, 11 

   32, 26, 19, 9 

   32, 26, 19, 7 

   32, 26, 18, 13 

   32, 26, 15, 7 

   32, 25, 24, 7 

   32, 25, 22, 15 

   32, 25, 17, 7 

   32, 25, 14, 13 

   32, 24, 22, 13 

   32, 23, 21, 16 
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014              [Page 21] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                   March 2014 
    

   32, 23, 18, 14 

   32, 21, 20, 19 

   32, 20, 17, 15 

   32, 19, 18, 13] 

   taps[0]=tap_list[b,0] 

   taps[1]=tap_list[b,1] 

   taps[2]=tap_list[b,2] 

   taps[3]=tap_list[b,3] 

   feedback=2.^^(32-taps[0]) + 2.^^(32-taps[1]) + 2.^^(32-taps[2]) + 
   2.^^(32-taps[3]) 

   if( (a) & (1) ) 

       a = (a) ^ (feedback) 

       a = (a) >> (1) 

       a = (2^31) || (a) 

   else 

       a = (a) >> (1) 

   end 

    

2.7.9. Random Permutation 

   The SC code utilizes a random permutation of length K to facilitate 
   the construction of the random interleavers needed for the parallel 
   filter codes.  The random permutation is given by the following 
   pseduocode.  The RNG_2 function is defined in section 2.7.8.  

   function [permutation,the_seed]= Generate_Permutation(a,b) 

   for i=0:a-1 

      permutation[i] = i + 1 
 
 
Stauffer, et al.       Expires September 29, 2014             [Page 22] 

Internet-Draft            Supercharged Code                  March 2014 
    

   end 

 

   for i=0:a-1 

       c = RNG_2(b,1) 

       b = ( (c) % (a-(i-1)) ) + i  

       d = permutation[i] 

       permutation[i] = permutation[b] 

       permutation[b] = d 

   end 

    

2.7.10. RS Generator 

   A Reed Solomon code is utilized in the construction of the SC code.  
   Its construction is described by the following pseudo code.  The 
   GF_exp and the GF_Multiply functions are defined in section 2.7.13.  

   function G_V_RS = RS_gen(K,N) 

   Gt=zeros[N,K] 

   for i=0:N-1   

       for k=0:K-1  

           a = ((i+1)*k) % (2^^8-1) 

           Gt[i,k]=GF_exp(a) 

       end 

   end 

     

   G1=Gt[1:K,1:K] 

   G2=Gt[K+1:N,1:K] 
 
 
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   G_V_RS = GF_Multiply(G2,G1^^-1) 

    

   GF_Multiply implementes G2*G1_inv where the multiplication and 
   addition are performend in the GF field.  The matrix inverse G1^^-1 
   can be easily implemented using Gaussian Elimination for the small 
   matrix G1. 

2.7.11. RS Code 

   If the number of transmit symbols N is optionally limited to N<=256 
   and signaled using R=1, then the following pseudo code is used to 
   generate matrix P.  The RS_gen function is defined in section 2.7.10. 
   N is given by the FEC-OTI-Max-Number-of-Encoding-Symbols. 

            
   Num_V_RS = N - K 

   B_1 = RS_gen(K,K+Num_V_RS) 

   P = [I[K] 

        B_1 ] 

   Num_B = 0 

   K_eff = K 

    

2.7.12. SC_Filter_Data 

   [Filter_data, filter_N]=SC_filter_data(z) 

   Filter_data=[0,2147483648,2863311531,3221225472,3435973837,3579139413
   ,3681400539,3758096384,3817748708,3865470566,3904515724,3937053355,39
   64585196,3988183918,4008636143,4026531840,4042322161,4056358002,40689
   16386,4080218931,4090445044,4099741510,4108229587,4116010325,41231686
   04,4129776246,4135894433,4141575607,4146864975,4151801719,4156419964,
   4160749568,4164816772,4168644728,4172253945,4175662649,4178887099,418
   1941841,4184839929,4187593114,4190211996,4192706170,4195084336,419735
   4403,4199523578,4201598442,4203585013,4205488811,4207314902,420906795
   0,4210752251,4212371771,4213930177,4215430865,4216876982,4218271451,4
   219616993,4220916136,4222171240,4223384508,4224557996,4225693630,4226
   793212,4227858432,4228890876,4229892034,4230863307,4231806012,4232721

 
 
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   393,4233610620,4234474799,4235314972,4236132128,4236927197,4237701065
   ,4238454568,4239188500,4239903613,4240600621,4241280205,4241943008,42
   42589646,4243220702,4243836733,4244438269,4245025816,4245599856,42461
   60849,4246709236,4247245437,4247769853,4248282869,4248784852,42492761
   55,4249757114,4250228053,4250689283,4251141099,4251583788,4294967295] 

   filter_N=min(100,z) 

   Filter_data[Filter_N-1]=4294967295 

    
2.7.13. GF(256) Operations 

   The SC code utilizes Galois field arithmetic in GF(256).  The 
   primitive polynomial is D^^8 + D^^4 + D^^3 + D^^2 + 1.  The 
   b=GF_exp(a) function raises the primitive element to the supplied 
   power, a.  The function C=GF_Multiply(A,B) multiplies two matrices in 
   the Galois field. 

3. FEC Packets 

   Encoded packets are constructed using a 4 byte FEC Payload ID 
   followed by transmit symbols.  The Source ID field (SID) of the FEC 
   Payload ID identifies the Source ID of the first transmit symbol in 
   the packet.  Subsequent transmit symbols have sequential increasing 
   SIDs.  If the last transmit symbol of a packet contains source 
   padding, these padding bytes may be excluded from the packet.   
   Otherwise, packets must contain only whole transmit symbols. 

   It is RECOMMENDED that each packet include exactly one transmit 
   symbol.  Multiple transmit symbols per packet SHALL also be 
   supported.  

3.1. Segmentation 

   In order to encode large files within the working memory constraint, 
   the source file may need to be segmented into transmit blocks and 
   working blocks. 

3.1.1. Transmit Blocks 

   Given a source file of size F bytes and a transmit symbol size of T 
   bytes, the file can be divided into K_total=ceil(F/T) transmit 
   symbols.  A source transmit block is a collection of KL or KS of 
   these transmit symbols.  KL and KS may be different if the total 
   number of source transmit blocks does not evenly divide the number of 
   transmit symbols required to represent the file.  The number of 
 
 
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   source transmit blocks with KL transmit symbols and the number of 
   source transmit blocks with KS transmit symbols are communicated to 
   the decoder using parameter Z.  After encoding, a transmit block 
   consists of a source transmit block and a repair transmit block. 

   The transmit blocks are ordered such that the first ZL transmit block 
   are encoded from source transmit blocks of size KL transmit symbols. 
   The remaining ZS transmit blocks are encoded from source transmit 
   blocks are of size KS transmit symbols.  Given Z, the first 
   ZL=ceil(K_total/Z)*Z-K_total   transmit   blocks   are   of   size 
   KL=floor(K_total/Z) and the remaining ZS=K_total-floor(K_total/Z)*Z 
   transmit blocks are of size KS=ceil(K_total/Z).  

3.1.2. Working Blocks 

   In order to satisfy the working memory requirement, the transmit 
   symbols can be further subdivided into working symbols.  The working 
   symbols are ordered in a packet such that the first ceil(T/AL/Ns)*Ns-
   T/AL working-blocks are of size TWL=floor(T/AL/Ns) and the remaining 
   T/AL-floor(T/AL/Ns)*Ns working-blocks are of size TWS=ceil(T/AL/Ns) 
   in a given packet.  A working block is then a collection of working 
   symbols.  The size of the working symbols are selected such that an 
   entire source working block can fit into the working memory, where 
   the source working block is the portion of the working block 
   consisting of only source data and not repair data.  The ith working
   block consists of the ith working symbol of transmit symbols of a 
   transmit block.  The KL (or KS) transmit symbols of a source transmit 
   block  can  be  viewed  as  a  collection  of  working  symbols  or 
   equivalently as a collection of source working blocks.  

   After encoding, a working block consists of a source working block 
   and a repair working block.  The receiver attempts to decode on a 
   subset of the source and repair working symbols in a working block.   

3.1.3. Padding 

   In cases where effective number of transmit symbols used by the 
   encoder and decoder, K_eff, is K_eff>K, then K_eff-K transmit symbols 
   must be padded (with 0) to the data before encoding.  These padded 
   symbols do not need to be transmitted, as the decoder is aware that 
   they are padding.  (Padding SIDs 0 to K_eff-K-1 MAY be transmitted, 
   but it is RECOMMENDED that they are not.) 

4. Parameter Selection 

   The code requires F, T, Z, Ns, and AL.    F is the total file size in 
   Bytes.  T is the transmit symbol size in bytes, and it is RECOMMENDED 
 
 
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   that it be equal to the packet payload size.  The number of transmit 
   blocks Z MUST be chosen such that KL<=K_max, where KL is computed in 
   section 3.1.1.   K_max is the maximum value in section 2.7.7.  

   The number of working symbols, Ns, MUST be chosen small enough such 
   that KL*TWL is less than or equal to the working memory requirement. 
   The byte alignment, AL, is to be chosen based on the protocol and the 
   typical machine architectures, a value of 4 (bytes) is RECOMMENDED.   

5. Control Messages 

   This section describes control messages that are used by the FEC.  
   All fields are big-endian. 

5.1. FEC Payload ID 

   The FEC payload ID is a 4-byte field defined as follows: 

   [0:7] TBN, (8 bits, unsigned integer): A non-negative integer 
   identifier indicating the transmit block number. 

   [8:31] SID , (24 bits, unsigned integer): A non-negative integer 
   identifier indicating the transmit symbols in the packet.  SID 0 to 
   K-1 indicate systematic symbols. 

   The FEC Payload ID is shown in Figure 4. 

    0                   1                   2                   3 
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
   |      TBN      |                       SID                     | 
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
             Figure 4  FEC Payload ID format 

5.2. FEC Object Transmission Information 

5.2.1. FEC Encoding ID 

    
   The value of the FEC Encoding ID MUST be 7, as assigned by IANA (see 
   Section 8). 

    
5.2.2. Common 

   The Common FEC Object Transmission Information elements used by this 
   FEC Scheme are: 
 
 
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   [0:39] Transfer Length (F), (40 bits, unsigned integer): A non-
   negative integer.  This is the transfer length of the object in 
   bytes. 

   [40:47] are reserved. 

   [48:63] Transmit Symbol Size (T), (16 bits, unsigned integer): A 
   positive integer that is less than 2^^16.  This is the size of a 
   transmit symbol in units of bytes. 

   The encoded Common FEC Object Transmission Information format is 
   shown in Figure 5. 

    0                   1                   2                   3 
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
   |                      Transfer Length (F)                      | 
   +               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
   |               |    Reserved   |           Symbol Size (T)     | 
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
             Figure 5  Encoded Common FEC Object Transmission 
             Information for Supercharged FEC Scheme 

5.2.3. Scheme Specific 

   The following parameters are carried in the Scheme-Specific FEC 
   Object Transmission Information element for this FEC Scheme: 

   [0:7] Z: The number of transmit blocks (8 bits, unsigned integer) 

   [8:23] Ns: The number of working blocks (16 bits, unsigned integer) 

   [24:30] AL: A symbol alignment parameter (7 bits, unsigned integer) 

   [31] R: 0: Default 1: OPTIONALLY indicates that the maximum value of 
   N satisfies N<=256 (1 bit, boolean)   

   The encoded Specific FEC Object Transmission Information format is 
   shown in Figure 5. 

    0                   1                   2                   3 
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
   |      Z        |              Ns               |     Al      |R| 
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 
             Figure 6  FEC Payload ID format 

 
 
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6. Conventions used in this document 

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].  

   In this document, these words will appear with that interpretation   
   only when in ALL CAPS. Lower case uses of these words are not to be    
   interpreted as carrying RFC-2119 significance. 

7. Security Considerations 

   Users could potentially be subject to a denial of service attack if a 
   single erroneous packet is injected into the delivery stream.  
   Therefore, it is RECOMMENDED that source authentication and integrity 
   checking are applied to the file or data object before delivering 
   decoded data to applications.  The hashing methodology of SHA-256 is 
   an example [2]. 

8. IANA Considerations 

   Values of FEC Encoding IDs and FEC Instance IDs are subject to IANA 
   registration.  For general guidelines on IANA considerations as they 
   apply to this document, see [RFC5052].  IANA is requested to assign a 
   value under the ietf:rmt:fec:encoding name-space to "Supercharged 
   Code" as the FEC Encoding ID value associated with this 
   specification, preferably the value 7. 

9. References 

9.1. Normative References 

   [1]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement 
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 

   [2]   "Secure Hash Standard", National Institute of Standards              
         and Technology FIPS PUB 180-3, October 2008. 

9.2. Informative References 

   [3]   Timothy Vismor, "Matrix Algorithms." 

   [4]   Sergio Pissanetzky, "Sparse Matrix Technology," Academic Press, 
         London (1984). 

 
 
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   [5]   Timothy A. Davis, "Direct Methods for Sparse Linear Systems" 
         SIAM, Philadelphia, Pa (2006) 

   [6]   Yousef Saad, "Iterative Methods for Sparse Linear Systems" 2nd 
         Ed. SIAM, Philadelphia, Pa (2003) 

   [7]   I.S. Duff, A.M. Erisman, and J. K. Reid, "Direct Methods for 
         Sparse Matrices" (2008) (ISBN: 978-0198534082) 

   [8]   John K. Reid, "Solution of linear systems of equations: Direct 
         methods" (1977) 

   [9]   Golub, G.H. "Numerical methods for solving linear least-squares 
         problems" Numerische  Mathematik Volumne 7, Number 3 (1965) pp 
         206-216 

10. Acknowledgments 

   This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot. 

Authors' Addresses 

   Erik Stauffer 
   Broadcom 
   190 Mathilda Place 
   Sunnyvale, Ca 94086 
       
   Email: eriks@broadcom.com 
    

   BZ Shen   
   Broadcom 
   5300 California Avenue 
   Irvine, CA 92617 
       
   Email: bzshen@broadcom.com 
    
   Soumen Chakraborty 
   Broadcom 
   RMZ Ecospace 
   Bellandur 
   Bangalore 560037, India 
    
   Email: soumen@broadcom.com 
    


 
 
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   Djordje Tujkovic 
   Broadcom 
   190 Mathilda Place 
   Sunnyvale, Ca 94086 
    
   Email: djordje@broadcom.com 
    
   Jing Huang 
   Broadcom 
   190 Mathilda Place 
   Sunnyvale, Ca 94086 
    
   Email: jingh@broadcom.com 
    
   Shiv Shet 
   Broadcom 
   RMZ Ecospace 
   Bellandur 
   Bangalore 560037, India 
    
   Email: shivaprakash@broadcom.com 
    
    
   Kamlesh Rath 
   Broadcom 
   190 Mathilda Place 
   Sunnyvale, Ca 94086 
    
   Email: krath@broadcom.com 
    

















 
 
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