Internet DRAFT - draft-voyer-pim-sr-p2mp-policy
draft-voyer-pim-sr-p2mp-policy
Network Working Group D. Voyer, Ed.
Internet-Draft Bell Canada
Intended status: Standards Track C. Filsfils
Expires: January 11, 2021 R. Parekh
Cisco Systems, Inc.
H. Bidgoli
Nokia
Z. Zhang
Juniper Networks
July 10, 2020
Segment Routing Point-to-Multipoint Policy
draft-voyer-pim-sr-p2mp-policy-02
Abstract
This document describes an architecture to construct a Point-to-
Multipoint (P2MP) tree to deliver Multi-point services in a Segment
Routing domain. A SR P2MP tree is constructed by stitching a set of
Replication segments together. A SR Point-to-Multipoint (SR P2MP)
Policy is used to define and instantiate a P2MP tree which is
computed by a PCE.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on January 11, 2021.
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Copyright Notice
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. P2MP Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Sharing Replication segments across P2MP trees . . . . . 4
3. SR P2MP Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Using Controller to build a P2MP Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. Provisioning SR P2MP Policy Creation . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.1. API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.2. Invoking API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. P2MP Tree Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.1. Topology Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.2. Capability and Attribute Discovery . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3. Instantiating P2MP tree on nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3.1. PCEP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3.2. BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3.3. NetConf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.4. Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4.1. Local Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4.2. Path Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Appendix A. Illustration of SR P2MP Policy and P2MP Tree . . . . 11
A.1. P2MP Tree with non-adjacent Replication Segments . . . . 12
A.2. P2MP Tree with adjacent Replication Segments . . . . . . 14
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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1. Introduction
A Multi-point service delivery could be realized via P2MP trees in a
Segment Routing domain [RFC8402]. A P2MP tree spans from a Root node
to a set of Leaf nodes via intermediate Replication nodes. It
consists of a Replication segment
[I-D.voyer-spring-sr-replication-segment] at the root node, one or
more Replication segments at Leaf nodes and intermediate Replication
nodes. The Replication segments are stitched together.
A Segment Routing P2MP policy, a variant of the SR Policy
[I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy], is used to define a P2MP
tree. A PCE is used to compute the tree from the Root node to the
set of Leaf nodes via a set of replication nodes. The PCE then
instantiates the P2MP tree in the SR domain by signaling Replication
segments to Root, replication and Leaf nodes using various protocols
(PCEP, BGP, NetConf etc.).
2. P2MP Tree
A P2MP tree in a SR domain connects a Root to a set of Leaf nodes via
a set of intermediate Replication nodes. It consists of a
Replication segment at the root stitched to Replication segments at
intermediate Replication nodes eventually reaching the Leaf nodes.
The Replication SID of the Replication Segment at Root node is called
Tree-SID. The Tree-SID SHOULD also be used as Replication SID of
Replication segments at Replication and Leaf nodes. The Replication
segments at Replication and Leaf nodes MAY use Replication SIDs that
are not same as the Tree-SID.
The Replication segment at Root of a P2MP tree MUST be associated
with that P2MP tree (i.e. <Root, Tree-ID> identifier in SR P2MP
policy section below) to map a Multi-point service to the tree. A
Replication segment that terminates a P2MP tree at a Leaf node MUST
be associated with the P2MP tree to determine the context for a
Multi-point service. The The information that can be used to derive
this association is specific to encoding of the protocol (PCEP, BGP,
NetConf etc.) used to instantiate the Replication segment for a P2MP
tree. Replication segments at intermediate Replication nodes of a
tree are also associated with that tree.
A PCE MAY decide not instantiate Replication segments at Leaf nodes
of a P2MP tree if it is known a priori that Multi-point services
mapped to the P2MP tree can be identified using a context that is
globally unique in SR domain. Multi-point service contexts assigned
from "Domain-wide Common Block" (DCB)
[I-D.ietf-bess-mvpn-evpn-aggregation-label] are an example of such
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globally unique contexts. A Segment Routing Global Block (SRGB)
[RFC8402] MAY be used to allocate globally unique Multi-point service
contexts, but it is NOT RECOMMENDED to do so as the service contexts
only need to be unique at service edge nodes. In this case,
Replication nodes connecting to Leaf nodes SHOULD use Penultimate-Hop
Pop (PHP) behavior to pop Tree-SID from a packet.
A packet steered into a P2MP tree is replicated by the Replication
segment at Root node to each downstream node in the Replication
segment, with the Replication SID of the Replication Segment at the
downstream node. A downstream node could be a Leaf node or an
intermediate Replication node. In the latter case, replication
continues with the Replication segments until all Leaf nodes are
reached. A packet is steered into a P2MP tree in two ways:
o Based on a local policy-based routing at the Root node.
o Based on steering via the Tree-SID at the Root node.
2.1. Sharing Replication segments across P2MP trees
Two or more P2MP trees MAY share a Replication segment at Root or
Replication nodes if at minimum as the first condition below is
satisfied. A tree always has its own Replication segment at its root
even if shares another Replication segment. A tree that shares
another Replication segment may or may not have its own Replication
segment on its Leaf nodes. If not, the second and third conditions
apply to such situations.
1. The Leaf nodes reached via a shared Replication segment must be
subset of Leaf or Replication nodes of the P2MP trees that shares
this segment. Note if a Replication segment is shared, all its
downstream Replication segments are also shared.
2. Some Multi-point services realized by the P2MP trees may need
service context (e.g. packets are for certain VPNs, and/or from
certain nodes). If the trees do not have their own Replication
segments at their Leaf nodes then the packets transported on the
P2MP trees MUST carry a service context that does not rely on the
tree or root identification, e.g. a service label assigned from
Domain-wide Common Block or common SRGB.
3. For some Multi-point services using P2MP trees that share
Replication segments, packets transported on these trees MAY
require a Tree context (e.g. MVPN Extranet [RFC7900] to avoid
certain ambiguities - see Section 2.3.1 of RFC 7900). In this
case, the trees MUST have their own Replication segments on the
Leaf nodes. This is similar to "tunnel stacking" concept.
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Sharing of a Replication segment for P2MP trees is OPTIONAL. Exact
procedures to ensure validity of above conditions across PM2P
services on nodes of a Segment Routing domain are outside the scope
of this document.
3. SR P2MP Policy
The SR P2MP policy is a variant of an SR
policy[I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy] and is used to
instantiate SR P2MP trees.
A SR P2MP Policy is identified by the tuple <Root, Tree-ID>, where:
o Root: The address of Root node of P2MP tree instantiated by the SR
P2MP Policy
o Tree-ID: A identifier that is unique in context of the Root. This
is an unsigned 32-bit number.
A SR P2MP Policy is defined by following elements:
o Leaf nodes: A set of nodes that terminate the P2MP trees.
o Candidate Paths: See below.
A SR P2MP policy is provisioned on a PCE to instantiate the P2MP
tree. The Tree-SID SHOULD be used as Binding SID of the P2MP policy.
A PCE computes the P2MP tree and instantiates Replication segments at
Root, Replication and Leaf nodes. When Replication segments are not
shared across P2MP trees, the Root and Tree-ID of the SR P2MP policy
are mapped to Replication-ID element of the Replication segment
identifier i.e the SR Replication segment identifier is <Root, Tree-
ID, Node-ID>. A shared Replication segment MAY be identified with
zero Root-ID address (0.0.0.0 for IPv4 and :: for IPv6) and a
Replication-ID that is unique in context of Node address where the
Replication segment is instantiated when it is not associated a
particular tree.
A SR P2MP Policy has one or more Candidate paths. The active
Candidate path is selected based on the tie breaking rules amongst
the candidate-paths as specified
in[I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy]. Each candidate path has
a set of topological/resource constraints and/or optimization
objectives which determine the P2MP tree for that Candidate path.
Tree-SID is an identifier of the P2MP tree of the candidate path in
the forwarding plane. It is instantiated in the forwarding plane at
Root node, intermediate Replication nodes and Leaf nodes. The Tree-
SID MAY be different at Replication and Leaf nodes.
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4. Using Controller to build a P2MP Tree
A P2MP tree can be built using a Path Computation Element (PCE).
This section outlines a high-level architecture for such an approach.
North Bound South Bound
Programming ..... Programming
Interface Interface
|
|
v
+-----+ ..........................
.............| PCE | ............. .
. +-----+ . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . V .
. . +----+ .
. . | N3 | .
. . +----+ .
. . | Leaf (L2) .
. . | .
. . | .
V V | V
+----+ +----+ -------------- +----+
| N1 |----------| N2 |-------------------------| N4 |
+----+ +----+ +----+
Root (R) Replication node (M) Leaf (L1)
Figure 1: Centralized Control Plane Model
4.1. Provisioning SR P2MP Policy Creation
A SR P2MP policy can be instantiated and maintained in a centralized
fashion using a Path Computation Element (PCE).
4.1.1. API
North-bound APIs on a PCE can be used to:
1. Create SR P2MP policy
2. Delete SR P2MP policy
3. Update SR P2MP policy
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4. Create a Candidate Path for SR P2MP policy
5. Update a Candidate Path for SR P2MP policy
6. Delete a Candidate Path for SR P2MP policy
4.1.2. Invoking API
Interaction with a PCE can be via PCEP, REST, Netconf, gRPC, CLI.
Yang model shall be be developed for this purpose as well.
4.2. P2MP Tree Computation
An entity (an operator, a network node or a machine) provisions a SR
P2MP policy by specifying the addresses of the root (R) and set of
leaves {L} as well as Traffic Engineering (TE) attributes of
Candidate paths via a suitable North-Bound API. The PCE computes the
tree of Active candidate path. The PCE MAY compute P2MP trees for
all Candidate paths., If tree computation is successful, PCE
instantiates the P2MP tree(s) using Replication segments on Root,
Replication, and Leaf nodes.
Candidate path constraints shall include link color affinity,
bandwidth, disjointness (link, node, SRLG), delay bound, link loss,
etc. Candidate path shall be optimized based on IGP or TE metric or
link latency.
The Tree SID of Candidate path of a SR P2MP policy can be either
dynamically allocated by the PCE or statically assigned by entity
provisioning the SR P2MP policy. Ideally, same Tree-SID SHOULD be
used for Replication segments at Root, Replication, and Leaf nodes.
Different Tree-SIDs MAY be used at replication node(s) if it is not
feasible to use same Tree SID.
A PCE can modify a P2MP tree following network element failure or in
case a better path can be found based on the new network state. In
this case, the PCE may want to setup the new instance of the tree and
remove the old instance of the tree from the network in order to
minimize traffic loss. In this case, the instances of trees for all
the Candidate paths of a P2MP policy can be identified by an
Instance-ID which is unique in context of the P2MP policy. As such,
the identifier of non-shared Replication segments used to instantiate
these trees becomes <Root-ID, Tree-ID, Node-ID, Instance-ID>.
A PCE shall be capable of computing paths across multiple IGP areas
or levels as well as Autonomous Systems (ASs).
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4.2.1. Topology Discovery
A PCE shall learn network topology, TE attributes of link/node as
well as SIDs via dynamic routing protocols (IGP and/or BGP-LS). It
may be possible for entities to pass topology information to PCE via
north-bound API.
4.2.2. Capability and Attribute Discovery
It shall be possible for a node to advertise SR P2MP tree capability
via IGP and/or BGP-LS. Similarly, a PCE can also advertise its P2MP
tree computation capability via IGP and/or BGP-LS. Capability
advertisement allows a network node to dynamically choose one or more
PCE(s) to obtain services pertaining to SR P2MP policies, as well a
PCE to dynamically identify SR P2MP tree capable nodes.
4.3. Instantiating P2MP tree on nodes
Once a PCE computes a P2MP tree for Candidate path of SR P2MP policy,
it needs to instantiate the tree on the relevant network nodes via
Replication segments. The PCE can use various protocols to program
the Replication segments as described below.
4.3.1. PCEP
PCE Protocol (PCEP)has been traditionally used:
1. For a head-end to obtain paths from a PCE.
2. A PCE to instantiate SR policies.
PCEP protocol can be stateful in that a PCE can have a stateful
control of an SR policy on a head-end which has delegated the control
of the SR policy to the PCE. PCEP shall be extended to provision and
maintain SR P2MP trees in a stateful fashion.
4.3.2. BGP
BGP has been extended to instantiate and report SR policies. It
shall be extended to instantiate and maintain P2MP trees for SR P2MP
policies.
4.3.3. NetConf
TBD
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4.4. Protection
4.4.1. Local Protection
A network link, node or path on the tree of a P2MP tree can be
protected using SR policies computed by PCE. The backup SR policies
shall be programmed in forwarding plane in order to minimize traffic
loss when the protected link/node fails. It is also possible to use
node local Fast Re-Route protection mechanisms (LFA) to protect link/
nodes of P2MP tree.
4.4.2. Path Protection
It is possible for PCE create a disjoint backup tree for providing
end-to-end path protection.
5. IANA Considerations
This document makes no request of IANA.
6. Security Considerations
There are no additional security risks introduced by this design.
7. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Siva Sivabalan, Mike Koldychev
and Vishnu Pavan Beeram for their valuable inputs..
8. Contributors
Clayton Hassen
Bell Canada
Vancouver
Canada
Email: clayton.hassen@bell.ca
Kurtis Gillis
Bell Canada
Halifax
Canada
Email: kurtis.gillis@bell.ca
Arvind Venkateswaran
Cisco Systems, Inc.
San Jose
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US
Email: arvvenka@cisco.com
Zafar Ali
Cisco Systems, Inc.
US
Email: zali@cisco.com
Swadesh Agrawal
Cisco Systems, Inc.
San Jose
US
Email: swaagraw@cisco.com
Jayant Kotalwar
Nokia
Mountain View
US
Email: jayant.kotalwar@nokia.com
Tanmoy Kundu
Nokia
Mountain View
US
Email: tanmoy.kundu@nokia.com
Andrew Stone
Nokia
Ottawa
Canada
Email: andrew.stone@nokia.com
Tarek Saad
Juniper Networks
Canada
Email:tsaad@juniper.net
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9. References
9.1. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy]
Filsfils, C., Talaulikar, K., Voyer, D., Bogdanov, A., and
P. Mattes, "Segment Routing Policy Architecture", draft-
ietf-spring-segment-routing-policy-08 (work in progress),
July 2020.
[I-D.voyer-spring-sr-replication-segment]
Voyer, D., Filsfils, C., Parekh, R., Bidgoli, H., and Z.
Zhang, "SR Replication Segment for Multi-point Service
Delivery", draft-voyer-spring-sr-replication-segment-03
(work in progress), June 2020.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8402] Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.
9.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-bess-mvpn-evpn-aggregation-label]
Zhang, Z., Rosen, E., Lin, W., Li, Z., and I. Wijnands,
"MVPN/EVPN Tunnel Aggregation with Common Labels", draft-
ietf-bess-mvpn-evpn-aggregation-label-03 (work in
progress), October 2019.
[RFC7900] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Rosen, E., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Cai, Y.,
and T. Morin, "Extranet Multicast in BGP/IP MPLS VPNs",
RFC 7900, DOI 10.17487/RFC7900, June 2016,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7900>.
Appendix A. Illustration of SR P2MP Policy and P2MP Tree
Consider the following topology:
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R3------R6
PCE--/ \
R1----R2----R5-----R7
\ /
+--R4---+
Figure 1
In these examples, the Node-SID of a node Rn is N-SIDn and Adjacency-
SID from node Rm to node Rn is A-SIDmn. Interface between Rm and Rn
is Lmn.
Assume PCE is provisioned following SR P2MP policy at Root R1 with
Tree-ID T-ID:
SR P2MP Policy <R1,T-ID>:
Leaf Nodes: {R2, R6, R7}
Candidate-path 1:
Optimize: IGP metric
Tree-SID: T-SID1
The PCE is responsible for P2MP tree computation. Assume PCE
instantiates P2MP trees by signalling non-shared Replication segments
i.e. Replication-ID of these Replication Segments is <Root, Tree-ID>.
If a Candidat-path can have multiple instances of P2MP trees, the
Replication-ID is <Root, Tree-ID, Instance-ID>. In this example, we
assume one instance of P2MP tree for a candidate-path. All
Replication Segments use the Tree-SID T-SID1 as Replication-SID.
A.1. P2MP Tree with non-adjacent Replication Segments
Assume PCE computes a P2MP tree with Root node R1, Intermediate and
Leaf node R2, and Leaf nodes R6 and R7. The PCE instantiates the
P2MP tree by stitching Replication Segments at R1, R2, R6 and R7.
Replication Segment at R1 replicates to R2. Replication Segment at
R2 replicates to R6 and R7. Note nodes R3, R4 and R5 do not have any
Replication Segment state for the tree.
The Replication Segment state at nodes R1, R2, R6 and R7 is shown
below.
Replication Segment at R1:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R1>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R2: <T-SID1->L12>
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Replication to R2 steers packet directly to the node on interface
L12.
Replication Segment at R2:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R2>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R2: <Leaf>
R6: <N-SID6, T-SID1>
R7: <N-SID7, T-SID1>
R2 is a Bud-Node. It performs role of Leaf as well as a transit node
replicating to R6 and R7. Replication to R6, using N-SID6, steers
packet via IGP shortest path to that node. Replication to R7, using
N-SID7, steers packet via IGP shortest path to R7 via either R5 or R4
based on ECMP hashing.
Replication Segment at R6:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R6>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R6: <Leaf>
Replication Segment at R7:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R7>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R7: <Leaf>
When a packet is steered into the SR P2MP Policy at R1:
o Since R1 is directly connected to R2, R1 performs PUSH operation
with just <T-SID1> label for the replicated copy and sends it to
R2 on interface L12.
o R2, as Leaf, performs NEXT operation, pops T-SID1 label and
delivers the payload. For replication to R6, R2 performs a PUSH
operation of N-SID6, to send <N-SID6,T-SID1> label stack to R3.
R3 is the penultimate hop for N-SID6; it performs penultimate hop
popping, which corresponds to the NEXT operation and the packet is
then sent to R6 with <T-SID1> in the label stack. For replication
to R7, R2 performs a PUSH operation of N-SID7, to send
<N-SID7,T-SID1> label stack to R4, one of IGP ECMP nexthops
towards R7. R4 is the penultimate hop for N-SID6; it performs
penultimate hop popping, which corresponds to the NEXT operation
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and the packet is then sent to R7 with <T-SID1> in the label
stack.
o R6, as Leaf, performs NEXT operation, pops T-SID1 label and
delivers the payload.
o R7, as Leaf, performs NEXT operation, pops R-SID7 label and
delivers the payload.
A.2. P2MP Tree with adjacent Replication Segments
Assume PCE computes a P2MP tree with Root node R1, Intermediate and
Leaf node R2, Intermediate nodes R3 and R5, and Leaf nodes R6 and R7.
The PCE instantiates the P2MP tree by stitching Replication Segments
at R1, R2, R3, R5, R6 and R7. Replication Segment at R1 replicates
to R2. Replication Segment at R2 replicates to R3 and R5.
Replication segment at R3 replicates to R6. Replication segment at
R5 replicates to R7. Note node R4 does not have any Replication
Segment state for the tree.
The Replication Segment state at nodes R1, R2, R3, R5, R6 and R7 is
shown below.
Replication Segment at R1:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R1>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R2: <T-SID1->L12>
Replication to R2 steers packet directly to tje node on interface
L12.
Replication Segment at R2:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R2>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R2: <Leaf>
R3: <T-SID1->L23>
R5: <T-SID1->L25>
R2 is a Bud-Node. It performs role of Leaf as well as a transit node
replicating to R3 and R5. Replication to R3, steers packet directly
to the node on L23. Replication to R5, steers packet directly to the
node on L25.
Replication Segment at R3:
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Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R3>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R6: <T-SID1->L36>
Replication to R6, steers packet directly to the node on L36.
Replication Segment at R5:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R5>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R7: <T-SID1->L57>
Replication to R7, steers packet directly to the node on L57.
Replication Segment at R6:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R6>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R6: <Leaf>
Replication Segment at R7:
Replication Segment <R1,T-ID,R7>:
Replication SID: T-SID1
Replication State:
R7: <Leaf>
When a packet is steered into the SR P2MP Policy at R1:
o Since R1 is directly connected to R2, R1 performs PUSH operation
with just <T-SID1> label for the replicated copy and sends it to
R2 on interface L12.
o R2, as Leaf, performs NEXT operation, pops T-SID1 label and
delivers the payload. It also performs CONTINUE operation on
T-SID1 for replication to R3 and R5. For replication to R6, R2
sends <T-SID1> label stack to R3 on interface L23. For
replication to R5, R2 sends <T-SID1> label stack to R5 on
interface L25.
o R3 performs CONTINUE operation on T-SID1 for replication to R6 and
sends <T-SID1> label stack to R6 on interface L36.
o R5 performs CONTINUE operation on T-SID1 for replication to R7 and
sends <T-SID1> label stack to R7 on interface L57.
Voyer, Ed., et al. Expires January 11, 2021 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft SR P2MP Policy July 2020
o R6, as Leaf, performs NEXT operation, pops T-SID1 label and
delivers the payload.
o R7, as Leaf, performs NEXT operation, pops R-SID7 label and
delivers the payload.
Authors' Addresses
Daniel Voyer (editor)
Bell Canada
Montreal
CA
Email: daniel.voyer@bell.ca
Clarence Filsfils
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Brussels
BE
Email: cfilsfil@cisco.com
Rishabh Parekh
Cisco Systems, Inc.
San Jose
US
Email: riparekh@cisco.com
Hooman Bidgoli
Nokia
Ottawa
CA
Email: hooman.bidgoli@nokia.com
Zhaohui Zhang
Juniper Networks
Email: zzhang@juniper.net
Voyer, Ed., et al. Expires January 11, 2021 [Page 16]
