Internet DRAFT - draft-wiethuechter-drip-uas-sn-dns
draft-wiethuechter-drip-uas-sn-dns
drip Working Group A. Wiethuechter
Internet-Draft AX Enterprize, LLC
Intended status: Standards Track 4 December 2023
Expires: 6 June 2024
UAS Serial Numbers in DNS
draft-wiethuechter-drip-uas-sn-dns-01
Abstract
This document describes a way Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) Serial
Numbers are placed into and retrieved from the Domain Name System
(DNS). This is to directly support DRIP-based Serial Numbers.
Status of This Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on 6 June 2024.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2023 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Supported Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Required Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Additional Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. DIME Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.1. Manufacturer Code Authority (MCA) . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. Manufacturer Unmanned Aircraft Authority (MAA) . . . . . 4
4. Manufacturer Code Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Serial Number Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.1. Serial Method 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2. Serial Method 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.3. Serial Method 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.4. Serial Method 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6. Serial Numbers in DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.1. IANA DRIP Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.1.1. Aircraft Information Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Appendix A. UAS Serial Number FQDN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix B. DNS Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B.1. Serial Method 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B.2. Serial Method 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B.3. Serial Method 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B.4. Serial Method 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. Introduction
The lookup of Serial Number for Uncrewed Aerial Systems (UAS) is a
major concern. On one hand if a pilot plans to use DRIP Entity Tags
(DETs, [RFC9374]) or other Session IDs the Serial Number is
considered, by many Civil Aviation Authorities (CAAs), PII.
However when this is not the case, the Serial Number can be used in
the clear as the UAS ID, and generally will be by default.
It may be helpful for receiving devices or other devices presented
with a UAS Serial Number to look up additional information of the
aircraft, if the manufacturer wishes to provide it publicly. This
information could be general specifications, such as number or props
or color.
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DRIP directly uses the [CTA2063A] Serial Number format as defined in
[RFC9374] to encode a DET. A such a way to lookup a Serial Number to
see if it corresponds to a DET is important and something that
[detim] does not currently address.
This document adds support for UAS Serial Numbers in DNS. It creates
two new roles: Manufacturer Code Authority (MCA) for RAAs and the
Manufacturer Unmanned Aircraft Authority (MAA) role for HDAs. MCA is
part of a new allocated range in RAA values as the conversion of
Manufacturer Codes is across the entire HID.
1.1. Supported Scenarios
1. UA using manufacturer generated Serial Number for UAS ID. No
additional information provided.
2. UA using manufacturer generated Serial Number for UAS ID.
Manufacturer using a DIME. Manufacturer MUST provided pointer to
additional information via DNS (even if null).
3. UA using manufacturer generated Serial Number which is mapped to
a DET by manufacturer for UAS ID. UA using manufacturer
generated DET for Authentication. Manufacturer using a DIME.
DIME MUST place public DET information into DNS (i.e. HI). DIME
MUST provide mapping of Serial Number to DET in DNS.
Manufacturer MUST provide pointer to additional information via
DNS (even if null).
4. UA using manufacturer generated DRIP enhanced Serial Number for
UAS ID. UA using manufacturer generated DET for Authentication.
Manufacturer using a DIME. DIME MUST place public information
into DNS (i.e. HI) - either directly or as a mapping to a DET.
DIME MUST provide pointer to additional information via DNS (even
if null).
5. UA using manufacturer generated Serial Number for UAS ID. UA
using user generated DET for Authentication. User uses DIME with
capability to publicly map Serial Number to a DET (via a USS).
DIME MUST place public DET information into DNS (i.e. HI). DIME
MUST provide mapping of Serial Number to DET in DNS. DIME MUST
provide pointer to additional information via DNS (even if null).
2. Terminology
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2.1. Required Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
2.2. Additional Definitions
This document makes use of the terms (PII, USS, etc.) defined in
[RFC9153]. Other terms (DIME, Endorsement, etc.) are from [RFC9434],
while others (RAA, HDA, etc.) are from [RFC9374].
3. DIME Roles
3.1. Manufacturer Code Authority (MCA)
An RAA-level DIME that hands out HDA values to participating
Manufacturer's that hold an Manufacturer Code used in [CTA2063A] that
is issued by ICAO.
To manage the large Manufacturer Code space (34 character set; 4
characters; 1,336,336 possible codes) a range of RAA values are set
aside for the use case. These are the RAA values of 4000 (0x0FA0) up
to 4095 (0x0FFF). This allows a single HDA for each Manufacturer
Code.
See Section 3.2 for the HDA allocation of Manufacturer Codes under
these RAAs.
Note: the upper RAAs in the range (4083 to 4095) are not used but
are left reserved in this space for future action if required.
3.2. Manufacturer Unmanned Aircraft Authority (MAA)
An HDA-level DIME run by a manufacturer of UAS systems that
participate in Remote ID. Stores UAS Serial Numbers under a specific
Manufacturer Code (assigned to the manufacturer by ICAO).
A DET can be encoded into a Serial Number (see [RFC9374],
Section 4.2) and this DIME MUST hold a mapping from the Serial Number
to the DET and its artifacts.
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4. Manufacturer Code Allocation
The first 4 characters of every UAS Serial Number represents the
manufacturer and is known as the Manufacturer Code. The allocation
of a specific RAA (out of MCA space) and HDA (i.e. HID) for a
Manufacturer Code uses the following derivation:
mfr_int = base34_decode(mfr_code)
hid = (4000 << 14) + mfr_int
mfr_code = base34_encode(hid)
A character in a UAS Serial Number "shall include any combination of
digits and uppercase letters, except the letters O and I, but may
include all digits" [CTA2063A]. For HID determination, the character
space [0-9,A-H,J-N,P-Z] is mapped to [0-34] to convert the 4 place
Base34 Manufacturer Code to Base10 (Note this is different than the
Base32 process in Section 4.2 of [RFC9374]).
5. Serial Number Registration
There are four ways a Serial Number can be registered and used by
DRIP:
1. As a clear-text string with additional information (Section 5.1)
2. As a clear-text string mapped to a DET "post" generation by the
*manufacturer* (for use in authentication) and additional
information (Section 5.2)
3. As a clear-text string mapped to a DET "post" generation by the
*user (via an HDA)* (for use in authentication) and additional
information (Section 5.3)
4. As an encoding of an HI and associated DET by the *manufacturer*
(for use in authentication) with additional information
(Section 5.4)
Note: additional information here refers to any subset of keys
defined in [detim].
5.1. Serial Method 1
This is where a UA is provisioned with a Serial Number by the
manufacturer. The Serial Number is just text string, defined by
[CTA2063A]. The manufacturer runs an Name Server delegated under the
Serial Number apex and points to information using a DET RR (filling
in only the Serial Number and URI fields).
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+-------------------+
| Unmanned Aircraft |
+--o---o------------+
| ^
(a) | | (b)
| |
*******|***|*****************************
* | | DIME: MAA *
* | | *
* v | +----------+ *
* +--o---o--+ | | *
* | DPA o--------->o | *
* +----o----+ (d) | | *
* | | | *
* | (c) | DIA/RDDS | *
* v | | *
* +----o--------+ | | *
* | Registry/NS | | | *
* +-------------+ | | *
* +----------+ *
* *
*****************************************
(a) Serial Number,
UA Information
(b) Success Code
(c) DET RR
(d) UA Information
Figure 1: Example DIME:MAA with Serial Number Registration
5.2. Serial Method 2
This is where a UAS is provisioned with a Serial Number and DET by
the manufacturer enabling their devices to use [drip-auth] and
provide additional information. A public mapping of the Serial
Number to DET and all public artifacts MUST be provided by the
manufacturer. The manufacturer MUST use an MAA for this task.
The device MAY allow the DET to be regenerated dynamically with the
MAA.
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+-------------------+
| Unmanned Aircraft |
+--o---o------------+
| ^
(a) | | (b)
| |
*******|***|*****************************
* | | DIME: MAA *
* | | *
* v | +----------+ *
* +--o---o--+ | | *
* | DPA o--------->o | *
* +----o----+ (d) | | *
* | | | *
* | (c) | DIA/RDDS | *
* v | | *
* +----o--------+ | | *
* | Registry/NS | | | *
* +-------------+ | | *
* +----------+ *
* *
*****************************************
(a) Serial Number,
UA Information,
Self-Endorsement: UA
(b) Success Code,
Broadcast Endorsement: MAA on UA
(c) DET RR, PTR RR
(d) UA Information
Figure 2: Example DIME:MAA with Serial Number + DET Registration
5.3. Serial Method 3
This is where a UAS has a Serial Number (from the manufacturer) and
the user (via a DIME) has a mechanism to generate and map a DET to
the Serial Number after production. This can provide dynamic signing
keys for DRIP Authentication Messages via [drip-auth] for UAS that
MUST fly only using Serial Numbers. Registration SHOULD be allowed
to any relevant DIME that supports it. A public mapping of the DET
to the Serial Number SHOULD be provided.
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+-------------------+
| Unmanned Aircraft |
+--o---o------------+
| ^
(a) | | (b)
| |
*******|***|*****************************
* | | DIME *
* | | *
* v | +----------+ *
* +--o---o--+ | | *
* | DPA o--------->o | *
* +----o----+ (d) | | *
* | | | *
* | (c) | DIA/RDDS | *
* v | | *
* +----o--------+ | | *
* | Registry/NS | | | *
* +-------------+ | | *
* +----------+ *
* *
*****************************************
(a) Serial Number,
UA Information,
Self-Endorsement: UA
(b) Success Code,
Broadcast Endorsement: DIME on UA
(c) DET RR
(d) UA Information
Figure 3: Example DIME with Serial Number + DET Registration
5.4. Serial Method 4
This is where a UAS manufacturer chooses to use the Serial Number
scheme defined in [RFC9374] to create Serial Numbers, their
associated DETs for [drip-auth] and provide additional information.
This document RECOMMENDS that the manufacturer "locks" the device
from changing its authentication method so identifiers in both the
Basic ID Message and Authentication Message do not de-sync. The
manufacturer MUST use an MAA for this task, with the mapping between
their Manufacturer Code and the upper portion of the DET publicly
available.
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+-------------------+
| Unmanned Aircraft |
+--o---o------------+
| ^
(a) | | (b)
| |
*******|***|*****************************
* | | DIME: MAA *
* | | *
* v | +----------+ *
* +--o---o--+ | | *
* | DPA o--------->o | *
* +----o----+ (d) | | *
* | | | *
* | (c) | DIA/RDDS | *
* v | | *
* +----o--------+ | | *
* | Registry/NS | | | *
* +-------------+ | | *
* +----------+ *
* *
*****************************************
(a) Serial Number,
UA Information,
Self-Endorsement: UA
(b) Success Code,
Broadcast Endorsement: MAA on UA
(c) DET RR
(d) UA Information
Figure 4: Example DIME:MAA with DRIP Serial Number Registration
6. Serial Numbers in DNS
Author Note: There MUST be an entry point in DNS for the lookup of
UAS Serial Numbers. This section is very much a shot in the dark
on how this looks and functions.
This document specifies the creation and delegation to an apex
organization (TBD) of the subdomain uas.arpa. To enable lookup of
Serial Numbers a subdomains of sn.uas.arpa is maintained. All
entries under sn.uas.arpa are to follow the convention found in
Appendix A. This is to enable a singular lookup point for Serial
Numbers for UAS.
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Note that other subdomains under uas.arpa can be made to support
other identifiers in UAS. The creation and use of other such other
subdomains are out of scope for this document. The further use and
creation of items under uas.arpa is the authority of the apex
organization (which has been delegated control).
DETs MUST not have a subdomain in uas.arpa (such as det.uas.arpa) as
they fit within the predefined ip6.arpa as they are IPv6 addresses as
defined in [detim].
7. IANA Considerations
7.1. IANA DRIP Registry
7.1.1. Aircraft Information Registry
This document requests a new registry for aircraft information fields
under the DRIP registry group (https://www.iana.org/assignments/drip/
drip.xhtml).
Aircraft Information Fields: list of acceptable keys to be used in
UA Information during a UA registration to a DIME. Future
additions to this registry are to be made through First Come First
Served (Section 4.4 of [RFC8126]). The following values are
defined:
+======================+=======+========================+
| Key Name | Type | Description |
+======================+=======+========================+
| length | float | length, in millimeters |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| width | float | width, in millimeters |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| height | float | height, in millimeters |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| constructionMaterial | tstr | materials, comma |
| | | separated if multiple |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| color | tstr | colors, comma |
| | | separated if multiple |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| serial | tstr | ANSI CTA 2063-A Serial |
| | | Number |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| manufacturer | tstr | manufacturer name |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| make | tstr | aircraft make |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
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| model | tstr | aircraft model |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| dryWeight | float | weight of aircraft |
| | | with no payloads |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| numRotors | int | Number of rotators |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| propLength | float | Length of props, in |
| | | centimeters |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| numBatteries | int | |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| batteryCapacity | float | in milliampere hours |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| batteryWeight | float | in kilograms |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| batteryVoltage | float | in volts |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| batteryChemistry | tstr | |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| maxTakeOffWeight | float | in kilograms |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| maxPayloadWeight | float | in kilograms |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| maxFlightTime | float | in minutes |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| minOperatingTemp | float | in Celsius |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| maxOperatingTemp | float | in Celsius |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| ipRating | tstr | standard IP rating |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| engineType | tstr | |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| fuelType | tstr | |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| fuelCapacity | float | in liters |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
| previousSerial | tstr | legacy serial |
| | | number(s) |
+----------------------+-------+------------------------+
Table 1
8. Security Considerations
TODO
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9. References
9.1. Normative References
[detim] Wiethuechter, A. and J. Reid, "DRIP Entity Tag (DET)
Identity Management Architecture", Work in Progress,
Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-drip-registries-14, 4 December
2023, <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-
drip-registries-14>.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC9153] Card, S., Ed., Wiethuechter, A., Moskowitz, R., and A.
Gurtov, "Drone Remote Identification Protocol (DRIP)
Requirements and Terminology", RFC 9153,
DOI 10.17487/RFC9153, February 2022,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9153>.
[RFC9374] Moskowitz, R., Card, S., Wiethuechter, A., and A. Gurtov,
"DRIP Entity Tag (DET) for Unmanned Aircraft System Remote
ID (UAS RID)", RFC 9374, DOI 10.17487/RFC9374, March 2023,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9374>.
[RFC9434] Card, S., Wiethuechter, A., Moskowitz, R., Zhao, S., Ed.,
and A. Gurtov, "Drone Remote Identification Protocol
(DRIP) Architecture", RFC 9434, DOI 10.17487/RFC9434, July
2023, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9434>.
9.2. Informative References
[CTA2063A] "ANSI/CTA 2063-A Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Numbers",
September 2019, <https://shop.cta.tech/products/small-
unmanned-aerial-systems-serial-numbers>.
[drip-auth]
Wiethuechter, A., Card, S. W., and R. Moskowitz, "DRIP
Entity Tag Authentication Formats & Protocols for
Broadcast Remote ID", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft,
draft-ietf-drip-auth-41, 4 December 2023,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-drip-
auth-41>.
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[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
Appendix A. UAS Serial Number FQDN
{id}.{length}.{manufacturer-code}.{apex}.
Apex: .sn.uas.icao.arpa.
Serial: MFR0ADR1P1SC00L
Manufacturer Code: MFR0
Length: A
ID: DR1P1SC00L
FQDN: dr1p1sc00l.a.mfr0.sn.uas.icao.arpa.
Appendix B. DNS Examples
B.1. Serial Method 1
@ORIGIN mfr0.uas-sn.arpa
example1.8 IN URI ( https://example.com/sn/EXAMPLE1 )
B.2. Serial Method 2
@ORIGIN mfr0.uas-sn.arpa
example2.8 IN PTR
6.5.d.7.7.6.b.4.2.1.1.9.e.c.3.f.5.0.7.f.2.7.8.e.3.3.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
@ORIGIN 7.f.2.7.8.e.3.3.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
6.5.d.7.7.6.b.4.2.1.1.9.e.c.3.f.5.0 IN DET
( 20010033e872f705f3ce91124b677d65 0 1 "MFR MFR0" "MFR08EXAMPLE2" ... )
6.5.d.7.7.6.b.4.2.1.1.9.e.c.3.f.5.0 IN HIP
( 5 20010033e872f705f3ce91124b677d65 ... )
6.5.d.7.7.6.b.4.2.1.1.9.e.c.3.f.5.0 IN URI
( https://example.com/sn/EXAMPLE2 )
B.3. Serial Method 3
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@ORIGIN mfr0.uas-sn.arpa
example3.8 IN PTR
2.1.1.1.2.4.0.7.b.2.a.f.1.b.4.8.5.0.7.f.2.7.8.e.3.3.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
@ORIGIN 7.f.2.7.8.e.3.3.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
2.1.1.1.2.4.0.7.b.2.a.f.1.b.4.8.5.0 IN DET
( 20010033e872f70584b1fa2b70421112 0 1 "MFR MFR0" "MFR08EXAMPLE3" ...)
2.1.1.1.2.4.0.7.b.2.a.f.1.b.4.8.5.0 IN HIP
( 5 20010033e872f70584b1fa2b70421112 ... )
2.1.1.1.2.4.0.7.b.2.a.f.1.b.4.8.5.0 IN URI
( https://example.com/sn/EXAMPLE3 )
B.4. Serial Method 4
@ORIGIN mfr0.uas-sn.arpa
example4.8 IN PTR
e.0.3.0.5.3.a.2.5.2.5.f.a.8.a.b.5.0.7.f.2.7.8.e.3.3.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
@ORIGIN 7.f.2.7.8.e.3.3.0.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa
e.0.3.0.5.3.a.2.5.2.5.f.a.8.a.b.5.0 IN DET
( 2001003fff800005ba8af5252a35030e 0 1 "MFR MFR0" "MFR08EXAMPLE4" ... )
e.0.3.0.5.3.a.2.5.2.5.f.a.8.a.b.5.0 IN HIP
( 5 2001003fff800005ba8af5252a35030e ... )
e.0.3.0.5.3.a.2.5.2.5.f.a.8.a.b.5.0 IN URI
( https://example.com/sn/EXAMPLE4 )
Author's Address
Adam Wiethuechter
AX Enterprize, LLC
4947 Commercial Drive
Yorkville, NY 13495
United States of America
Email: adam.wiethuechter@axenterprize.com
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