Internet DRAFT - draft-xwzhou-ntwn
draft-xwzhou-ntwn
Internet Engineering Task Force X. W. Zhou
Internet-Draft Z. M. Cheng
<draft-xwzhou-ntwn-00.txt> X. N. Li
Intended status: Informational U. S. T. B
Expires: November 9 , 2014 May 9 , 2014
Network Technology- Wisdom Network
draft-xwzhou-ntwn-00.txt
Abstract
In this paper, a new form of network technology with wisdom, the wisdom
network, is presented, defined and described. It is a collaborative
network; it can distinguish, judgment;it can process information
resources into knowledge, achieve mastery of knowledge; it can self-
manage, self-repair and self-adapt; it can predict the future changes
of network environment and people's emotional state. Network can self-
learn,self-grow and self-innovate. The network has humanChengke abiChengty
of observation,understanding people's emotions and intentions. On the
base of the definition of wisdom network, we describe the basic
characteristics and architecture of it, and detailedly depict wisdom
framework of Wisdom network, finally, we propose a method to implement
wisdom network, namely, multi-agent technology.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on November 9, 2014.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document
must include Simplified BSD license text as described in Section
4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty
as described in the SimpChengfied BSD license.
Table of Contents
1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Basic Concepts of Wisdom Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. Architecture of Wisdom Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. Wisdom Framework of Wisdom Network . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Implementation Scheme of Wisdom Network. . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Major Technical Challenges of Wisdom Network . . . . . . . . 7
6. Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
1. Terminology
Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) [RFC2784] can be used to carry
any network layer protocol over any network layer protocol. GRE has
been implemented by many vendors and is widely deployed on the
Internet.
[RFC2784], by design, does not describe procedures that affect
fragmentation. Lacking guidance from the specification, vendors have
developed implementation-specific fragmentation strategies. For the
most part, devices implementing one fragmentation strategy can
interoperate with devices that implement another fragmentation
strategy. Operational experience has demonstrated the relative
merits of each strategy. Section 3 of [RFC4459] describes four
fragmentation strategies and evaluates the relative merits of each.
2. Introduction
From the post house and beacon tower of ancient china to the modern
information network, we have felt the rapid development of information
technology. On the other hand, in order to meet the different needs
and effective transmission of information in different environments,
we hope information network have wisdom like people.
Now there have been various intelligent networks. For example, in
2005, based on cognitive radio, Thomas proposed Cognitive Network.
A cognitive network has a cognitive process that can perceive current
network conditions,and then plan, decide and act on those conditions.
It has the adaptive capacity of the network environment and learning
abiChengty form the evaluation of previous and future decision-making,
all while takes into account end-to-end goals-network targets [1].
Although these information networks are more and more intelligent,
the information network has distance for our ideal network which is
like human beings with wisdom. Then we can not help but ask what is
"wisdom" of the information network? Information network with "wisdom"
should be a what kind of network? How to realize the information network
with "wisdom"? In this article, we give our ideas of these issues.
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
3. Basic Concepts of Wisdom Network
Wisdom network, which is a collaborative network, can fast,flexibly
and appropriately distinguish, judgment and choose the information
of person's emotional state and network status form a lot of sense
information, then processes these information resources into knowledge
combined with the information of the user's application requirement,
achieves mastery of knowledge, and ultimately finds the right decision
to adjust the current network configuration and predicts the future
changes of network environment and user emotional state. These actions
make network flexibly adapt to changes in network environment, properly
response to the changes of environment that the network will face with
and future changes in users emotional state, and in the meanwhile
provide innovative services for users. Network in the process can
self-learn, self-grow and self-innovate.
"Wisdom" of wisdom network is that it knows all the "network" capabilities
and "network" resources usage condition, performances and security
capabilities of "network", and analyzes, judges, predicts changes in
the network environment; It uses the most reasonable and best way to
co-configure and use the "network",and makes the network adapt the
changes in environment; it makes operators obtain highest return from
the most rationally utilization of resources, and lets users get best
service from the most reasonable price; in addition, it endows the
network with the humanlike ability of observation, understanding people's
emotions and intentions, reflects ideas of the integration of people
and network; meanwhile, it makes the network with the ability of
self-learn, growth and innovation.
Wisdom network has the following characteristics: It has more complete
behavioral consciousness, control capability and collaboration capability;
It has intelligent perception, context-aware and wisdom ability; It
has mature information-knowledge-wisdom conversion mechanism, and
capability of judge, analyze and decision make; It has the capability
of self-learning,self-growth and self-innovation; Uncertainty of the
network's living environment comes up with new requests for the
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
development of network architecture. The architecture which possesses
predictable and adaptive trait is urgently needed, it make the network
better sustain architecture ability of the self-management, self-repair
and self-adapt in the changing living environment, that is to say, the
network has "future eye", automatically adjusts its parameters to cope
with the future changes; It can perceive,recognize and understand
human emotions, and make smart, sensitive and friendly response for
human emotions, that is, we endow the network with humanlike ability of
observe,understand user emotional characteristics, in the meantime,
it can predict the emotional intent behind the change based on trend
of changes in the user emotional state.
Wisdom loop has six parts. There are sense, analyze judge and infer
predict,decide, act, learn, grow and innovate, policy. Wisdom network
obtains sensing datum of ambient and users emotional state through the
sensors, it uses these sensing datum to judge, analyze, infer and
forecast, and make future decisions for decision-making module. Based
on information, the analysis, judgment and inference and forecasting
module obtains the signals of physical and behavioral characteristics
caused by human emotions, analyzes the relationships among human emotions
and a variety of sensing signals, establishes emotional model; and this
module also deals with status information which affect the performance
of end to end transmission, namely, the network type, network topology,
available resources,interface protocols, network traffic, and network
error rate, node residual energy,data rate, end to end delay and network
throughput etc; combining with actions that strategic module may take,
this module determines whether the current network meets user requirements,
if not, then it would take appropriate re-configured measures to ensure
that the network meets user requirements. Decision-making module decides
to take corresponding actions based on the previous study and the result
of analysis judgments inference prediction. Action module is responsible
for taking actions(reconfiguration) made by the decision-making module.
Learning, growth and innovation module is the core of wisdom loop, the
network can learn, grow, innovate in the dynamic adaptive process of
sense-reasoning-predictable-decision-action", gains experiences and
knowledge in process of learning, growth and innovation, and uses its
experiences and knowledge to master knowledge and analyze judge, infer
and forecast and decision-make in the future.
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
Basic Characteristics and Architecture of the Wisdom Network
Besides self-perception, self-management, self-learn, self-optimization,
self-heal and selfconfiguration[6], wisdom network has following
characteristics:
Perceive of people's emotional state: in addition to actively perceiving
its own behavior, condition and environment, wisdom network also acquires
signals of physiological and behavioral characteristics caused by the user
emotions through a variety of sensors, then establishes the "emotional model".
We hope the wisdom network that has the ability of perception, identify and
understand human emotions,and can make intelligent, sensitive, friendly
response to the users; our goal is to achieve shorten the distance between
user and network and create a truly harmonious environment for users.
Self-grow and self-innovate: self-growth is that the network can arm
itself with knowledge which is learned from the learning and innovative
process and stored in the Knowledge Base; self-innovation is that the
network provides innovative services for users on the basis of comprehensive
analysis of network status, environment,users emotional state and its
knowledge.
Self-predict: According to the trend of changes in environment and
people emotional state, the network makes prediction and judgment, so
that the network can control impending events. It mainly reflects the
network can cognize and grasp the future changes of environment and user
emotional, achieve proactively self-management and reduce manual
intervention.
Architecture and Wisdom Framework of Wisdom Network
3.1. Architecture of Wisdom Network
In this section, we give the architecture of wisdom network.
User (Data) plane: it has data information transfer logical function, the
date information are network environment, network status, application
requirements and emotional state.
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
Control plane: it has signaling control information logic function, the
signal of data transmission relate to data information.
Wisdom plane: it provides a complete view of the information of entire
network, and processes data obtained from the user (data) plane into
network knowledge in order to guide adaptive control of the control plane;
it delivers, stores, processes, transmits, analyzes and judges information
of perception for network environment, application requirements and user
emotional state; it provides adequate reference information for infering
and forecasting the decisions and actions taken by network; it analyzes
and judges emotional changes according.
to perceptive information, forms predictions, takes network adjustments,
makes real-time feedback to the current operation, at the same time, also
forms new prediction for the intent behind emotional changes, activates its
knowledge base, timely and initiatively provides new information for users;
it supplies knowledge for self-learning,self-growth and self-innovation; in
addition, it possesses information-knowledge-wisdom sophisticated conversion
mechanism, establishes unified protocol description language knowledge
representation and efficient integration of business; wisdom is higher
than the cognitive, so the wisdom plane possesses more advanced functions,
such as analyze, judge, predict, grow and innovate ect, therefore, it can
effectively resolve integration of heterogeneity and cooperativity of
networks, achieve resource sharing among nodes and make their respective
advantages complementary to each other, more rationally and efficiently
use network resources.
3.2. Wisdom Framework of Wisdom Network
In this section, we give the wisdom framework of wisdom network.
Application layer: it is responsible for providing network services to
application, and providing perceptive information of user's application
requirements and emotional state for wisdom processing layer.
Wisdom process layer: it has a flexible information-knowledge-wisdom
mechanism. After handled by affective computing platform, the perceptive
information of user's application requirements and emotional state are
delivered to the wisdom processing layer. The wisdom process layer
accurately obtains changes of emotional state and application requirement
by analyzing, judging and inferring; in the meantime, it accurately knows
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
information of network status via network state sensor, including all
the "network" capabilities and "network" resource usage, "network"
performance and security capabilities. After processing the above
information together, it makes decision-making of network configuration,
responds to application requirements and changes in emotional state. It
processes these successful decision-making information into knowledge,
then the knowledge are stored in its knowledge base. In addition, on base
of gaining experience and current information of user emotions status and
network status, it predicts changes that the network will face, in the same
time, processes these information into knowledge, then the knowledge are
also stored in its knowledge base for providing reference for the future
decision-making and strategy. It can learn during processing, the learned
knowledge is also stored in the knowledge base for growth and mastery and
innovation. This layer makes network accurately analyze, judge, infer,
forecast, grow and innovate. Learning, growth and innovation are in order
to provide quality services. It also has automatically filter and abstract
useful information from a lot of perceptive information, then processes
these useful information into knowledge, then combining with its knowledge,
it masters these knowledge for obtaining optimal decision-making and strategy,
at same time stores these knowledge in the knowledge base.
Software adaptive networks: the functions of this layer are similar to
cognitive network, it is no longer introduced .
4. Implementation Scheme of Wisdom Network
Multi-agent technology is a very important application field in Artificial
intelligence, it has the distributed characteristics. Multi-agent systems
can accomplish one or more tasks together, and are commonly used to deal
with complex environment and non-deterministic problems [7]. As the wisdom
network has complexity and uncertainty of network environment and user
emotional state, so we can implement wisdom network by borrowing ideas
from multi-agent technology. Learning from multi-agent technology.
The above agent model is constituted by observe, perceive, act, analyze,
judge, infer, predict and knowledge base. Analysis, judgment, inference,
prediction combine with the knowledge base achieve reason, grow and innovate.
We can see that it contains the main part of the wisdom network.
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
Wisdom processing layer can be considered to be formed by multiple agents.
These agents mutually cooperate in the process of analysis, judgment,
inference, prediction, learn, growth and innovation, jointly complete the
"emotional model" of user's emotional characteristics,guide network
automatically configure its various parameters and adapt to the changing
environment or application.
5. Major Technical Challenges of Wisdom Network
Wisdom network, which compares to the cognitive network [1] and ubiquitous
network [6], faces the following major technical challenges:
Affective Computing is the computing that relates to, arises from, or
influences emotions. The goal of it is an attempt to create a computing
system which can perceive, recognize and understand human emotions, can
make smart, sensitive,friend response to human emotions, that is, endow
computer with humanlike ability of observing, understanding and generating
a variety of emotions characteristics[8]. We hope the wisdom network that
can have humanlike "brain" thinking and understanding of human emotion, it
should be able to identify the user's emotional state and aware of people's
feelings changes in the interactive process with human. But people's feelings
change is fluctuating[9], then how to use perceptive data of people's emotional
state to build an appropriate "emotional model", and forecast for user's
intention of emotional changes, these are the challenges of the wisdom network.
Predictive self-adaptation technology: it can predict user future behaviors
and changes of network environment, adjust system properties to adapt to the
new environment. Combining its ability of observations and cognitive, it uses
rational policy to achieve adaption. There are two challenges: one is how to
build people's emotional model and network environment model which can learn
from environment; the other is how to solve potential conflicts, when
considering problems of multiple users.
Knowledge representation: the wisdom network should have its own knowledge,
and knowledge must to be expressed in the form of information which are
understood by Wisdom process layer,so that the wisdom network is able to
analyze, judge, infer, forecast, learn, grow and innovate. Clark, who first
proposed the concept of knowledge plane, believed "Knowledge Plane which
dealt with knowledge sharing, a pervasive system within the network that
used cognitive information processing to build a self-managing network"[10].
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
Wisdom plane possesses local and overall knowledge of network and network
elements. Knowledge in different fields are different, and their
representations are also different. How to find a unified knowledge
representation method is our facing problem.
6. Security Considerations
Security can not be considered in the emergency command and dispatch
communication software.
7. IANA Considerations
This document does not have any implications for IANA.
8. Conclusion
This paper has presented, defined and described a new form of network
technology with wisdom, namely, wisdom network. It is a collaborative
network; it can distinguish, udgment;it can process information
resources into knowledge, achieve mastery of knowledge; it can self-manage,
self-repair and self-adapt in the changing living environment; it can
predict the future changes of network environment and people's emotional
state. Network in the process can self-learn, self-grow and self-innovate.
The network has humanlike ability of observation, understanding people's
emotions and intentions. On the base of the definition of wisdom network,
we describe the basic characteristics and architecture of it, and detailedly
depict wisdom framework of it, finally, we propose a method to implement it,
namely, multi-agent technology.
9. Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Project supported by the Foundation for Key
Program of Ministry of Education, P. R. China(No.311007), National Science
Foundation Project of P. R. China (No. 60903004, 60902042, 61170014),
National Science and Technology Key Projects (No. 2011 ZX03003-002-03)
and the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher
Education of P. R.China under Grant (No. 20090006110014).
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft Wisdom Network May 2014
10.References
[1]Thomas. R.W, DaSilva. L.A, MacKenzie. A. B. Cognitive Networks [J]. Proc.
IEEE Dyspan2005 [C] , 2005, pp: 352-360.
[2]Qicui Gan, J. Chris Harreld, Yiwei Jiang, Yuheng Cheng, Jianjun Zhao. The
Smart Planet will win in China, 2008.
[3]International Telecommunication Union UIT. ITU Internet Reports 2005: The
Internet of Things [R], 2005.
[4]Gustavorg Mariom O, Carlos D K, Early infrastructure of all Internet of
Things in Spaces for Learning [C]. Eighth IEEE International Conference
on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2008, pp:381-383.
[5]Amardeo C, Sarma J G, Identities in the Future Internet of Things [J].
Wireless Pers Commun, Vol. 49, pp: 353-363, 2009.
Author's Addresses
Xianwei Zhou
Department of Communication Engineering
School of Computer & Communication Engineering
University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, P.R. China
E-mail address: zilengqier@sohu.com
zhou, et al. Expires November 9, 2014 [Page 11]
