rfc6498
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Stone
Request for Comments: 6498 R. Kumar
Category: Informational F. Andreasen
ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco Systems
February 2012
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Voiceband Data (VBD) Package and
General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter Package
Abstract
This document defines Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) packages
that enable a Call Agent to authorize and monitor the transition of a
connection to and from Voiceband Data (VBD) with or without
redundancy and FEC (forward error correction). Although the focus is
on VBD, the General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter package can be
used to authorize other modes of operation, not relevant to VBD, for
a particular codec. In addition to defining these new packages, this
document describes the use of the Media Format Parameter package and
Fax package with VBD, redundancy, and FEC.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents
approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6498.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 1]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
Contributions published or made publicly available before November
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material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
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Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
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outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
than English.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 2]
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Table of Contents
1. Applicability Statement .........................................3
2. Introduction ....................................................3
3. Terminology .....................................................5
4. Voiceband Data Package Definition ...............................5
4.1. Events and Signals .........................................5
4.1.1. Gateway Controlled Voiceband Data ...................6
4.1.2. No Negotiated Procedure for Voiceband Data .........13
5. General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter Package Definition ..16
5.1. LocalConnectionOptions ....................................16
5.1.1. General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter .........17
6. Use of Media Format Parameter Package with VBD and Redundancy ..20
7. Use of Media Format Parameter Package with VBD and FEC .........22
8. Use of Fax Package with VBD ....................................23
9. Call Flow Examples .............................................27
9.1. Modem Call with Gateway Controlled VBD ....................27
9.2. Fax Call with Gateway Controlled VBD and Call
Agent Controlled T.38 .....................................33
10. Security Considerations .......................................42
11. IANA Considerations ...........................................44
12. Acknowledgements ..............................................44
13. References ....................................................44
13.1. Normative References .....................................44
13.2. Informative References ...................................46
1. Applicability Statement
This document defines a mechanism that requires media stream
integrity protection. The document specifies different alternative
mechanisms but does not choose one of them as mandatory-to-implement.
Consequently, the use of this specification is only suitable in
environments that specify and use at least one of these alternative
mechanisms. Please see the Security Considerations section for
further details.
2. Introduction
The term Voiceband Data (or simply VBD) refers to the use of a
suitable voiceband codec (commonly G.711u or G.711a) for the
transport of data payloads using RTP as defined in RFC 3550
[RFC3550]. This document defines Media Gateway Control Protocol
(MGCP) [RFC3435] packages that enable a Call Agent to authorize and
monitor the transition of a connection to and from VBD with or
without redundancy [RFC2198] and FEC (forward error correction)
[RFC5109].
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 3]
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There are a number of different VBD procedures. These procedures
vary in terms of how the transition to and from VBD is coordinated
end to end. Some coordination techniques are mutually negotiated by
the two gateways using the Session Description Protocol (SDP)
[RFC4566]. These coordination techniques include
o ITU-T Recommendation V.150.1 State Signaling Event (SSE) [V1501]
o ITU-T Recommendation V.152 Payload Type Switching [V152]
Other coordination techniques are not negotiated. For example, the
detection of fax, modem, and text tones in the direction from the IP
to the General Switched Telephone Network (GSTN) may result in a
switch to VBD or a change (e.g., disable echo cancellation) to the
gateway controlled VBD procedure already in place. The IP-side
detected tone serves as both a VBD stimulus and a coordination
technique.
RFC 4733 [RFC4733] and RFC 4734 [RFC4734] can be used to convey fax
and modem events and tones. As with IP-side tone detection, the
telephone event may serve as both a VBD stimulus and a coordination
technique. Note that while the use of RFC 4733 and RFC 4734 to
convey fax and modem events and tones is negotiated, the use of
RFC 4733 and RFC 4734 as a gateway VBD coordination technique (at
present) is not.
The Voiceband Data (VBD) package is defined to support all VBD
procedures. This document does not address the relative merits of
different procedures nor does it advocate one procedure over another.
We will use the term VBD to refer to Voiceband Data in general. In
referring to VBD in the context of the package, we will use the term
VBD package. We use the term "audio" (with double quotes) to refer
to the IANA media type. We use the term audio (without double
quotes) to refer to the use of the "audio" media type for (most
commonly) voice.
A package is defined for the General-Purpose Media Descriptor
Parameter [V152]. In the context of VBD, the General-Purpose Media
Descriptor Parameter (GPMD) package is used to authorize the
negotiation of a particular codec for use with VBD. The General-
Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter is "general" in nature and may be
used in applications other than VBD.
The Media Format Parameter (FM) package [RFC3660] describes the use
of the standard audio MIME subtype "RED" in conjunction with the
"fmtp" LocalConnectionOption in order to authorize the negotiation of
redundancy [RFC2198], to identify the levels of redundancy and the
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 4]
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media format associated with each redundancy level. This document
will further explore the use of the FM package with VBD and
redundancy.
The VBD package is intended to complement the MGCP Fax (FXR) package
[RFC5347]. This document will explore the use of the FXR package
with VBD.
The VBD package definition is provided in Section 4. The GPMD
package definition is provided in Section 5. In Section 6, we
discuss the use of the FM package with VBD and redundancy. In
Section 7, we discuss the use of the FM package with VBD and FEC. In
Section 8, we discuss the use of the FXR package with VBD. In
Section 9, we provide two call flow examples showing how to use the
VBD and GPMD packages. Security considerations are found in
Section 10, followed by the IANA considerations (Section 11) and
references.
3. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
4. Voiceband Data Package Definition
This package is defined for Voiceband Data (VBD). The package
defines new events as detailed below.
Package Name: VBD
Package Version: 0
4.1. Events and Signals
The following events are defined in support of the above:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition | R | S | Duration |
|--------|---------------------------------|-----|-----|------------|
| gwvbd | Gateway Controlled VBD | x | | |
| nopvbd | No Negotiated Procedure for VBD | x | | |
-------------------------------------------------------------------
This is standard MGCP package format as defined in Section 6.6 of
RFC 3435 [RFC3435]. The definitions of the individual events are
provided in the following subsections.
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4.1.1. Gateway Controlled Voiceband Data
The gwvbd procedure can be used by the gateway to control and decide
how to handle VBD calls without Call Agent involvement. The "Gateway
Controlled Voiceband Data" (or simply "gwvbd") event occurs when a
gwvbd procedure has been negotiated and VBD stimulus is detected.
The "gwvbd" event may occur when the gwvbd procedure is updated
(e.g., upon detecting new stimulus) and when the procedure fails.
The "gwvbd" event occurs when the gwvbd procedure ends. The gwvbd
procedure MUST be negotiated with the other side by passing and
recognizing relevant parameters via the LocalConnectionDescriptor and
RemoteConnectionDescriptor.
The following recommendations from MGCP [RFC3435] apply.
In this section, we provide a formal description of the protocol
syntax, using ABNF as defined in "Augmented BNF for Syntax
Specifications: ABNF" [RFC5234]. The syntax makes use of the core
rules defined in Appendix B.1 of [RFC5234], which are not included
here. Furthermore, the syntax follows the case-sensitivity rules of
[RFC5234], i.e., MGCP is case-insensitive (but SDP is not). It
should be noted that ABNF does not provide for implicit specification
of linear white space, and MGCP messages MUST thus follow the
explicit linear white space rules provided in the grammar below.
However, in line with general robustness principles, implementers are
strongly encouraged to tolerate additional linear white space in
messages received.
The RequestedEvent parameter is encoded as
GwVbdReqEvent = "gwvbd"
The ObservedEvent parameter is encoded as
GwVbdObsEvent = GwVbdObsEventStart / GwVbdObsEventUpdate /
GwVbdObsEventStop / GwVbdObsEventFailure
GwVbdObsEventStart = "gwvbd(start" Rc [Codec] [Coord] [Dir] ")"
GwVbdObsEventUpdate = "gwvbd(update" Rc [Codec] [Dir] ")"
GwVbdObsEventStop = "gwvbd(stop" [Rc] [Codec] ")"
GwVbdObsEventFailure = "gwvbd(failure" [Rc] [Codec] ")"
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 6]
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Codec = "," *WSP "codec=" CodecString
CodecString = (ALPHA / DIGIT) *(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_" /
"." / "/")
Coord = "," *WSP "coord=" CoordinationTechnique
CoordinationTechnique = "v152ptsw" / "v150fw"
Rc = "," *WSP "rc=" ReasonCode
ReasonCode = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_" / "." / "/")
; Refer to the values listed in the tables below.
Dir = "," *WSP "dir=" Direction
Direction = "GstnToIp" / "IpToGstn"
ABNF does not provide for position-independent parameters. The "rc",
"codec", "coord", and "dir" parameters, if present, MUST appear in
the relative order shown.
The "start", "update", "stop", and "failure" ObservedEvent parameters
are defined as follows:
1) VBD Start (start)
The gwvbd procedure was initiated. The Call Agent SHOULD refrain
from issuing media handling instructions to the gateway until
either a "gwvbd(stop)" or "gwvbd(failure)" event is generated.
One and only one "gwvbd(stop)" or "gwvbd(failure)" event is
generated corresponding to each "gwvbd(start)" event.
2) VBD Update (update)
The gwvbd procedure was updated. The "gwvbd(update)" event MUST
only be generated after a "gwvbd(start)" event and before a
"gwvbd(stop)" or "gwvbd(failure)" event.
3) VBD Stop (stop)
The gwvbd procedure ended, and the gateway did not detect any
errors. Note that this does not necessarily imply a successful
fax, modem, or text transmission. It merely indicates that the
gwvbd procedure has ended and the procedure itself did not
encounter any errors. The "stop" parameter may correspond to a
change from VBD to a non-VBD "audio" codec or from VBD to another
media type such as "image" or "text". This change may be under
Call Agent or gateway control. For example, the gateway may
coordinate the switch from VBD to "image/t38" through the exchange
of SSEs [T38] [V152]. For an example involving Call Agent
control, refer to the "MC" Reason Code. In both examples, the
gwvbd procedure ends with the media change.
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4) VBD Failure (failure)
The gwvbd procedure ended abnormally. Some kind of problem was
encountered in the gwvbd procedure, and the procedure ended.
When the "gwvbd" event is reported, exactly one of the "start",
"update", "stop", or "failure" parameters MUST be present and MUST be
the first parameter supplied.
The "rc", "codec", "coord", and "dir" ObservedEvent parameters are
defined as follows:
1) Reason Code (rc=<ReasonCode>)
With the "start" and "update" parameters, the reason for
triggering the switch/change to VBD. With the "stop" and
"failure" parameters, the reason for triggering the switch from
VBD. The Reason Codes in the following table, which are based on
the ITU-T Fax/Textphone/Modem Tones Detection package [H2482],
ITU-T V.150.1 Amendment 1 [V1501A1], and ITU-T V.152 [V152], may
be used with the "start" and "update" parameters:
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RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
---------------------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|--------------------------------------------------|
| CNG | T.30 fax calling |
| V21flag | V.21 tone and flags for fax answering |
| CIV18 | V.8 CI with V.18 call function |
| XCI | V.18 XCI |
| V18txp | V.18 txp |
| Belltone | Bell 103 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| | (ITU-T Recommendation V.18) |
| Baudot | Baudot initial tone and character (ITU-T |
| | Recommendation V.18) |
| Edt | EDT initial tone and character (ITU-T |
| | Recommendation V.18) |
| CIdata | V.8 CI with any data call function |
| CT | V.25 calling tone |
| CIfax | V.8 CI with fax call function |
| V21tone | V.21 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| V23tone | V.23 carrier, high- or low-frequency channel |
| V8bis | V.8 bis modem handshaking signal |
| ANS | V.25 ANS, equivalent to T.30 CED from answering |
| | terminal |
| /ANS | V.25 ANS with periodic phase reversals |
| ANSam | V.8 ANSam |
| /ANSam | V.8 ANSam with periodic phase reversals |
| CMFax | V.8 CM sequence indicating fax call function |
| JMFax | V.8 JM sequence indicating fax call function |
| CMData | V.8 CM sequence indicating unspecified data |
| | call function |
| JMData | V.8 JM sequence indicating unspecified data |
| | call function |
| CMText | V.8 CM sequence indicating text call function |
| JMText | V.8 JM sequence indicating text call function |
| PTSW | Payload type switch as defined in V.152 |
---------------------------------------------------------------
For solutions involving textphones using a modulation with
interspersed text and speech on the same "channel", such as Baudot
and EDT, the Call Agent SHOULD interpret the ReasonCode parameter
as part of the "vbd/gwvbd(start)" event in order to differentiate
between fax, modem, and text. In the case of interspersed text
and speech, the Call Agent SHOULD remove the notification request
for "vbd/gwvbd" upon receiving the "vbd/gwvbd(start)" event in
order to avoid large numbers of notifications.
For example,
vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=Baudot)
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With a ReasonCode of "PTSW", the Call Agent cannot differentiate
text from fax/modem. In this case, the Call Agent SHOULD adopt a
policy that guards against large numbers of notifications. We
consider several such policies.
The Call Agent MAY remove the notification request for "vbd/gwvbd"
upon receiving the "vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=PTSW)" event. With this
policy, "update", "stop", and "failure" notifications will not be
generated with text AND fax/modem.
The Call Agent MAY wait for a subsequent "vbd/gwvbd(update)" event
that differentiates text from fax/modem. If the ReasonCode
indicates interspersed text and speech, the Call Agent SHOULD
remove the notification request for "vbd/gwvbd". For example,
vbd/gwvbd(update, rc=Edt)
The Call Agent MAY remove the notification request for "vbd/gwvbd"
upon receiving a "vbd/gwvbd(stop)" event without having
differentiated between text and fax/modem.
The Call Agent MAY remove the notification request for "vbd/gwvbd"
after having received a number of "vbd/gwvbd(start)" events
without having differentiated between text and fax/modem. The
specific number of events after which the notification request is
removed is considered an implementation detail outside the scope
of this specification.
Reason Codes applicable with the "stop" parameter are listed
below:
------------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|-----------------------------------------|
| SIL | Bidirectional silence |
| Voice | Voice signals |
| PTSW | Payload type switch as defined in V.152 |
| MC | Media change |
------------------------------------------------------
The "MC" Reason Code indicates that the media type has changed
from "audio" (to "image", "text", ...) or the "audio" media format
has changed from a VBD codec (for a reason other than "PTSW").
For example, the gwvbd procedure may be initiated upon detecting
called terminal identification (CED). Subsequently, the Call
Agent controlled T.38 procedure of the MGCP Fax (FXR) package
[RFC5347] may be initiated upon detecting V.21 flags. Upon
receipt of a "t38(start)" event, the Call Agent will instruct the
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 10]
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gateway to switch from VBD to T.38 through the use of a
ModifyConnection command involving a LocalConnectionOption
encoding method of "L:a:image/t38" and/or a
RemoteConnectionDescriptor with an "image/t38" media description.
This stops the gwvbd procedure. There is no specific
interdependency between the VBD package and the FXR package (or
any other package). The gwvbd procedure is stopped as a
consequence of the media change, not as a direct consequence of
the T.38 procedure being initiated. Note that in this situation
the "t38(start)" event will be sent before the "gwvbd(stop)"
event. The Call Agent MAY choose to infer that the gwvbd
procedure has ended upon receiving the "t38(start)" event and
disable the notification of the "gwvbd" event. Refer to the
example call flow in Section 9.2.
Reason Codes applicable with the "failure" parameter:
----------------------------------------------------
| ReasonCode | Description |
|------------|---------------------------------------|
| TO | Indicates that a timeout has occurred |
----------------------------------------------------
The list of Reason Codes may be extended to include values with
meaning mutually understood between the gateway and the Call
Agent. Obviously, the use of extended values MUST be a
provisionable option on the gateway in order to ensure
interoperability with the Call Agent.
2) Codec String (codec=<CodecString>)
With the "start" and "update" parameters, the codec parameter
describes the MIME type associated with the switch/change to VBD
(e.g., "audio/RED", "audio/PCMU", "audio/PCMA", "audio/G726-32",
"audio/clearmode", ...). With the "stop" and "failure"
parameters, the codec parameter describes the MIME type associated
with the switch from VBD (e.g., "audio/G729", "image/t38", "text/
t140", "audio/v150mr", ...). These strings should be full MIME
types as listed in http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types.
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3) Coordination Technique (coord=<CoordinationTechnique>)
The technique used to coordinate the transition to and from VBD
with the remote endpoint. The coordination techniques are
summarized in the following table:
------------------------------------------------------
| CoordinationTechnique | Description |
|-----------------------|------------------------------|
| v152ptsw | V.152 Payload Type Switching |
| v150fw | V.150.1 SSE |
------------------------------------------------------
With the "v152ptsw" coordination technique, payload type switching
[V152] is used to coordinate the transition to and from VBD.
With the "v150fw" coordination technique, state signaling events
[V1501] are used to coordinate the transition to and from VBD.
The list of coordination techniques may be extended to include
values with meaning mutually understood between the gateway and
the Call Agent. Obviously, the use of extended values MUST be a
provisionable option on the gateway in order to ensure
interoperability with the Call Agent.
4) Direction of Stimulus (dir=<Direction>)
With the "start" and "update" parameters, the "dir" parameter
describes the direction of the stimulus that resulted in the
switch/change to VBD.
---------------------------------------------------
| Direction | Description |
|-----------|------------------------------------ |
| GstnToIp | Stimulus detected in the direction |
| | from the GSTN to IP network, |
| | including fax, modem, and text tones. |
| IpToGstn | Stimulus detected in the direction |
| | from the IP to GSTN network, |
| | including fax, modem, and text tones |
| | (e.g., IP-side tone detection); |
| | RTP packet with VBD payload type |
| | (e.g., V.152 or V.150.1). |
----------------------------------------------------
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Call Agents and gateways MUST implement the "start" and "stop"
parameters and MAY implement the "update" and "failure" parameters.
Call Agents and gateways MAY implement the "coord", "codec", and
"dir" parameters. Call Agents MAY, and gateways MUST, implement the
"rc" parameter in conjunction with the "start" and "update"
parameters. Call Agents and gateways MAY implement the "rc"
parameter in conjunction with the "stop" and "failure" parameters. A
Call Agent MUST ignore all unknown ObservedEvent parameters,
including parameters that are defined as part of this specification
and not implemented.
4.1.1.1. Gateway Controlled Voiceband Data Examples
The following examples illustrate the encoding of the "gwvbd(start)"
event:
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=ANS)
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=ANS, codec=audio/PCMU, coord=v152ptsw)
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=PTSW, codec=audio/RED)
The following example illustrates the encoding of the "gwvbd(update)"
event:
O: vbd/gwvbd(update, rc=/ANSam, dir=IpToGstn)
The following examples illustrate the encoding of the "gwvbd(stop)"
event:
O: vbd/gwvbd(stop)
O: vbd/gwvbd(stop, rc=SIL, codec=audio/G729)
O: vbd/gwvbd(stop, rc=MC, codec=image/t38)
The following examples illustrate the encoding of the
"gwvbd(failure)" event:
O: vbd/gwvbd(failure, codec=audio/G729)
O: vbd/gwvbd(failure, rc=TO, codec=audio/G729)
4.1.2. No Negotiated Procedure for Voiceband Data
The "No Negotiated Procedure for Voiceband Data" (or simply "nopvbd")
event occurs when a VBD procedure has not been negotiated and VBD
stimulus is detected. The "nopvbd" event may occur when the
procedure is updated (e.g., upon detecting new stimulus), when the
procedure ends, and when the procedure fails. Even though a
procedure was not negotiated, a VBD handling procedure MAY still be
in place locally on the endpoint, as described further below.
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The nopvbd procedure MAY involve VBD handling including, but not
limited to, adjusting gain and jitter, disabling voice activity
detection, and DC offset filters. The nopvbd procedure MAY involve
switching to another codec. The Call Agent MAY have to issue further
commands in response to the "nopvbd" event in order to ensure a
successful VBD call.
As with the "gwvbd" event, the same recommendations from MGCP
[RFC3435] regarding ABNF, general robustness principles, and white
space apply.
The RequestedEvent parameter is encoded as
NopVbdReqEvent = "nopvbd"
The ObservedEvent parameter is encoded as
NopVbdObsEvent = NopVbdObsEventStart / NopVbdObsEventUpdate /
NopVbdObsEventStop / NopVbdObsEventFailure
NopVbdObsEventStart = "nopvbd(start" Rc [Codec] [Dir] ")"
NopVbdObsEventUpdate = "nopvbd(update" Rc [Codec] [Dir] ")"
NopVbdObsEventStop = "nopvbd(stop" [Rc] [Codec] ")"
NopVbdObsEventFailure = "nopvbd(failure" [Rc] [Codec] ")"
The following ABNF notation is common with the "gwvbd" ObservedEvent
parameter:
Codec = "," *WSP "codec=" CodecString
CodecString = (ALPHA / DIGIT) *(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_" /
"." / "/")
Rc = "," *WSP "rc=" ReasonCode
ReasonCode = 1*(ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_" / "." / "/")
; Refer to the values listed in the tables above.
Dir = "," *WSP "dir=" Direction
Direction = "GstnToIp" / "IpToGstn"
ABNF does not provide for position-independent parameters. The "rc",
"codec", and "dir" parameters, if present, MUST appear in the
relative order shown.
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The "start", "update", "stop", and "failure" ObservedEvent parameters
are defined as follows:
1) VBD Start(start)
The nopvbd procedure was initiated. The Call Agent may have to
issue further commands in order to ensure a successful VBD call
(e.g., switch to another codec). At most one "nopvbd(stop)" or
"nopvbd(failure)" event MAY be generated corresponding to each
"nopvbd(start)" event. The Call Agent MAY need to infer that the
nopvbd procedure has ended.
2) VBD Update (update)
The nopvbd procedure was updated. The "nopvbd(update)" event MUST
only be generated after a "nopvbd(start)" event and before a
"nopvbd(stop)" or "nopvbd(failure)" event.
3) VBD Stop (stop)
The nopvbd procedure ended, and the gateway did not detect any
errors. Note that this does not necessarily imply a successful
fax, modem, or text transmission. It merely indicates that the
nopvbd procedure has ended and the procedure itself did not
encounter any errors. Refer to the definition of the "stop"
parameter from the "gwvbd" event in Section 4.1.1 for additional
information.
4) VBD Failure (failure)
The nopvbd procedure ended abnormally. Some kind of problem was
encountered in the nopvbd procedure, and the procedure ended.
Call Agents and gateways MUST implement the "start" parameter and MAY
implement the "update", "stop", and "failure" parameters. Call
Agents MAY, and gateways MUST, implement the "rc" parameter in
conjunction with the "start" and "update" parameters. Call Agents
and gateways MAY implement the "rc" parameter in conjunction with the
"stop" and "failure" parameters. A Call Agent MUST ignore all
unknown ObservedEvent parameters including parameters that are
defined as part of this specification and not implemented.
The definitions of the "rc", "codec", and "dir" ObservedEvent
parameters are taken from the "gwvbd" event.
As with the "gwvbd" event, the same recommendations regarding
interspersed text and speech apply.
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4.1.2.1. No Negotiated Procedure for Voiceband Data Examples
The following examples illustrate the encoding of the "nopvbd(start)"
event:
O: vbd/nopvbd(start, rc=ANS)
O: vbd/nopvbd(start, rc=ANS, codec=audio/PCMU)
The following example illustrates the encoding of the
"nopvbd(update)" event:
O: vbd/nopvbd(update, rc=/ANSam, dir=IpToGstn)
The following examples illustrate the encoding of the "nopvbd(stop)"
event:
O: vbd/nopvbd(stop)
O: vbd/nopvbd(stop, rc=SIL, codec=audio/G729)
O: vbd/nopvbd(stop, rc=MC, codec=image/t38)
The following examples illustrate the encoding of the
"nopvbd(failure)" event:
O: vbd/nopvbd(failure, codec=audio/G729)
O: vbd/nopvbd(failure, rc=TO, codec=audio/G729)
5. General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter Package Definition
This package is defined for the General-Purpose Media Descriptor
Parameter [V152]. The package defines a new LocalConnectionOption as
detailed below.
Package Name: GPMD
Package Version: 0
5.1. LocalConnectionOptions
The following new LocalConnectionOptions field is defined in support
of the above:
------------------------------------------------------
| Symbol | Definition |
|--------|---------------------------------------------|
| gpmd | General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter |
------------------------------------------------------
The definition of the LocalConnectionOption is provided in the
following subsection.
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5.1.1. General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter
The General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter LocalConnectionOption
is similar to the "gpmd" SDP [RFC4566] attribute defined in ITU-T
Recommendation V.152 [V152] and is applicable to all of the same
media formats that the corresponding SDP "gpmd" attribute could be
used with.
The General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter is encoded as the
keyword "gpmd" or "o-gpmd", followed by a colon and a quoted string
beginning with the media format name (MIME subtype only) followed by
a space, followed by the media format parameters associated with that
media format:
gpmd/gpmd:"<format> <parameter list>"
For simplicity, we will use the terms "codec" and "media format"
interchangeably in the following. Multiple media formats may be
indicated by either repeating the "gpmd" LocalConnectionOption
multiple times, such as
L: a:codec1;codec2, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX",
gpmd/gpmd:"codec2 parameterY"
or alternatively by having a single "gpmd" keyword followed by a
colon, and a semicolon-separated list of quoted strings for each
General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter, as in
L: a:codec1;codec2, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX";
"codec2 parameterY"
The two formats may be mixed:
L: a:codec1;codec2;codec3, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX",
gpmd/gpmd:"codec2 parameterY";
"codec3 parameterZ"
The carriage returns above are included for formatting reasons only
and are not permissible in a real implementation. This holds true
for all of the examples in this document.
If it is possible for the same codec to be requested with and without
the "gpmd" parameter, the following could result:
L: a:codec1;codec1, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX"
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However, it would not be clear whether the "gpmd" parameter was to be
applied to the first or the second occurrence of the codec. The
problem is that codec ordering is important (i.e., codecs are listed
in preferred order), and the above syntax does not provide a way to
indicate whether "parameterX" is preferred (i.e., associated with the
first "codec1") or not (i.e., associated with the second "codec1").
In order to resolve this dilemma, the codec in the "gpmd" media
format is followed by a colon and an <order>, where <order> is a
number from one to N for occurrences of the same codec in the codec
list. For example,
L:a:codec1;codec1, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1:2 parameterX"
indicates that "parameterX" is associated with the second instance of
"codec1" in the "a:codec1;codec1" list. If an invalid instance
number is supplied (e.g., instance 3 where there are only two
instances), then error code 524 -- inconsistency in local connection
options -- will be returned. In the absence of an <order>, the first
instance is assumed.
Prepending "gpmd" with the string "o-" (i.e., "o-gpmd") indicates
that the parameter is optional. In that case, the gateway may decide
not to use the "gpmd" parameter specified, or only use it in part.
If the "gpmd" LocalConnectionOption parameter is not optional (i.e.,
does not have "o-" in front of it), and the LocalConnectionOption
parameter value is either not recognized or not supported, then the
associated codec is considered "not supported".
When auditing capabilities, the "gpmd" LocalConnectionOption
parameter MUST be returned with a semicolon-separated list of
supported formats and/or multiple independent "gpmd" parameters,
as in
A: a:codec1;codec2, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX";
"codec2 parameterY"
or
A: a:codec1;codec1, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX"
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One example uses the General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter
LocalConnectionOption in conjunction with gateway controlled
Voiceband Data (or simply VBD) using payload type switching [V152].
In the context of VBD, the <format> must be an RTP/AVP payload type.
The <parameter list> is a semicolon-separated list of
"parameter=value" pairs:
L: a:codec1, gpmd/gpmd:"codec1 parameterX=ValueA;parameterY=ValueB"
In the example below, G.729 is an audio codec and G.711u is a VBD
codec:
L: a:G729;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes"
The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of the
connection request acknowledgment might look like
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 18 96
a=rtpmap:96 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:96 vbd=yes
If a request is made to audit the capabilities of an endpoint, and
the endpoint supports G.711u as both an audio and VBD codec, then the
"gpmd" LocalConnectionOption parameter might look like
A: a:PCMU, p:10-40, e:on, s:on,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive
A: a:PCMU, p:10-40, e:on, s:off,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive,
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes"
Given that some parameters, e.g., silence suppression, are only
compatible with G.711u as an audio codec, then the gateway MUST
return different capability sets corresponding to audio and VBD.
If we combine V.152 and redundancy [RFC2198], an example
LocalConnectionOption might look like the example below. In this
example, G.729 is an audio codec and G.711u is a VBD codec with a
redundancy level of one:
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU"
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The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of the
connection request acknowledgment might look like
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
Refer to Section 6 for more examples involving V.152 and redundancy.
6. Use of Media Format Parameter Package with VBD and Redundancy
The MGCP Media Format Parameter (FM) package [RFC3660] in conjunction
with the standard audio MIME subtype "RED" may be used by the Call
Agent to authorize the negotiation of redundancy [RFC2198], to
identify the levels of redundancy and the media format associated
with each redundancy level. An example of this was demonstrated in
Section 5.
The FM package states that the "fmtp" LocalConnectionOption MUST be
returned when auditing capabilities. Applying this to VBD and
redundancy might result in
A: a:PCMU, p:10-40, e:on, s:on,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive
A: a:RED;PCMU, p:10-40, e:on, s:off,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive,
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes",
fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU"
The FM package defines "instance syntax", in which
L:a:codec1;codec1, fmtp:"codec1:2 formatX"
indicates that "formatX" is associated with the second instance of
"codec1" in the "a:codec1;codec1" list. The examples in the FM
package are limited to the use of the instance syntax in conjunction
with the media format. We propose the use of the instance syntax in
conjunction with the media format parameters
L:a:codec1;codec2;codec3;codec2, fmtp:"codec3 codec2:2/codec2:2"
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Let's build on the example of Section 5. In the example below, G.729
is an audio codec, and G.711u is both an audio codec and a VBD codec
with a redundancy level of one:
L: a:G729;PCMU;RED;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU:2 vbd=yes",
fmtp:"RED PCMU:2/PCMU:2"
The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of the
connection request acknowledgment might look like
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 18 0 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
Note that the relative preference of the LocalConnectionOption
encoding methods is preserved in the "audio" media formats (i.e.,
payload types) as part of the media description. In this example,
this reflects a preference for V.152 with redundancy versus without.
No preference is inferred from the relative order of the different
LocalConnectionOptions, namely "a", "gpmd/gpmd", and "fmtp".
A Call Agent can authorize the negotiation of audio codecs and VBD
codecs involving different levels of redundancy. In the example
below, G.711u is a VBD codec with a redundancy level of two
(preferred) or one:
L: a:G729;RED;RED;PCMU, fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU/PCMU",
fmtp:"RED:2 PCMU/PCMU",
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes"
The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of the
connection request acknowledgment might look like
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 18 96 97 98
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 98/98/98
a=rtpmap:97 RED/8000
a=fmtp:97 98/98
a=rtpmap:98 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:98 vbd=yes
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Redundancy can be applied to both audio codecs and VBD codecs. In
the example below, G.729 is an audio codec with a redundancy level of
two and G.711u is a VBD codec with a redundancy level of one:
L: a:RED;G729;RED;PCMU, fmtp:"RED G729/G729/G729",
fmtp:"RED:2 PCMU/PCMU",
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes"
The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of the
connection request acknowledgment might look like
m=audio 12345 RTP/AVP 96 18 97 98
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 18/18/18
a=rtpmap:97 RED/8000
a=fmtp:97 98/98
a=rtpmap:98 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:98 vbd=yes
7. Use of Media Format Parameter Package with VBD and FEC
A Call Agent may authorize the negotiation of forward error
correction (FEC) [RFC5109] with the standard audio MIME subtype
"parityfec":
L: a:PCMU;parityfec
By default, we assume that FEC packets are to be sent as a separate
stream. The corresponding media description in the SDP as part of
the connection request acknowledgment might look like
v=0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.0
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0 96
a=rtpmap:96 parityfec/8000
a=fmtp:96 49172 IN IP4 192.0.2.0
If FEC is to be sent as a secondary codec in the redundant codec
payload format [RFC2198], we again leverage the MGCP Media Format
Parameter (FM) package [RFC3660] in conjunction with the standard
audio MIME subtype "RED":
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU;parityfec, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes",
fmtp:"RED PCMU/parityfec"
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The corresponding media description might look like
v=0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.0
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 18 96 97 98
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/98
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=rtpmap:98 parityfec/8000
The FM package states that the "fmtp" LocalConnectionOption MUST be
returned when auditing capabilities. Applying this to VBD,
redundancy and FEC might result in
A: a:PCMU, p:10-40, e:on, s:on,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive
A: a:RED;PCMU;parityfec, p:10-40, e:on, s:off,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive,
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes",
fmtp:"RED PCMU/parityfec"
8. Use of Fax Package with VBD
The MGCP Fax (FXR) package [RFC5347] is used by a Call Agent to
authorize fax handling, including Call Agent controlled T.38 and
gateway procedures such as V.152. With the FXR package, VBD falls
into one of two categories: "special fax handling" as part of the
gateway procedure (resulting in the "gwfax" event), or "no special
fax handling" as part of the gateway and Off procedures (resulting in
the "nopfax" event). In order for a VBD procedure to fall into the
"special fax handling" category, support for it MUST be negotiated
with the other side by passing and recognizing relevant parameters
via the LocalConnectionDescriptor and RemoteConnectionDescriptor.
A gateway controlled VBD procedure such as V.152 MUST fall into the
category of gateway controlled mode involving "special fax handling".
The resulting "gwfax" event is what informs the Call Agent to refrain
from issuing media handling instructions that could otherwise have a
negative impact on the gateway procedure.
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Consider the following example (with shorthand SDP notation):
CRCX 2000 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 1
M: sendrecv
L: a:G729;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fxr/fx:t38;gw
X: 1
R: fxr/t38, fxr/gwfax, fxr/nopfax
v=0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 18 96
a=rtpmap:96 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:96 vbd=yes
200 2000 OK
I: 1
v=0
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
m=audio 1296 RTP/AVP 18 96
a=rtpmap:96 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:96 vbd=yes
The RemoteConnectionDescriptor does not indicate support for "image/
t38" as a latent capability [RFC3407]. Consequently, the gateway
will not initiate the T.38 strict fax procedure, "t38", upon
detecting fax stimulus (i.e., CNG, V.21 flags, etc.). However, the
two endpoints did successfully negotiate a gateway controlled VBD
procedure (e.g., V.152); therefore, a gateway controlled mode
involving "special fax handling" is used. The "gwfax(start)" event
will be generated upon detecting VBD (including fax) stimulus.
A Call Agent can express a preference for a gateway procedure
involving "special fax handling" over a T.38 procedure (strict or
loose). For example,
L: fxr/fx:gw;t38
and
L: fxr/fx:gw;t38-loose
However, with the existing syntax of the FXR package, a Call Agent
cannot express a preference for one gateway procedure over another,
each with possibly different preferences relative to a T.38
procedure.
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The FXR package allows a gateway to implement additional fax handling
parameters. We define just such a parameter by qualifying the
existing "gw" parameter with a list of one or more MIME types:
Gateway = "gw[" mimeType 0*("|" mimeType) "]"
mimeType = mimeMediaType "/" mimeSubType
; mimeMediaType and mimeSubType from
; http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/
By qualifying the "gw" parameter with a list of MIME types, we narrow
the scope of the gateway procedure. Consider the following examples
in which the Call Agent authorizes the use of a gateway controlled
fax handling procedure:
- involving "image/t38" (e.g., T.38oUDPTL, T.38oTCP):
L: a:G729, fxr/fx:gw[image/t38]
- involving VBD (e.g., PCMU and V.152):
L: a:G729;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fxr/fx:gw[audio/PCMU]
- involving VBD with redundancy (e.g., PCMU, V.152,
and RFC 2198):
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU, fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU",
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fxr/fx:gw[audio/RED|audio/PCMU]
Only "special fax handling" involving one of the specified MIME types
is authorized. Support for "special fax handling" involving one of
the specified MIME types MUST be negotiated, or this "instance" of
the gateway procedure is not initiated. Consider the following
example in which the Call Agent authorizes the use of a gateway
controlled fax handling procedure:
- involving "audio/t38" (e.g., T.38oRTP):
L: a:G729;t38, fxr/fx:gw[audio/t38]
In this example, the call will fail if the gateway fails to negotiate
"audio/t38".
The "fx" LocalConnectionOption MAY now involve multiple instances of
the "gw" parameter, each with a different list of MIME types. In
order to authorize "no special fax handling", the Call Agent MUST
include the "gw" parameter without a MIME type, or the "off"
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 25]
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parameter. The instance of the "gw" parameter without a MIME type
should appear as the last instance of the "gw" parameter. In the
following example,
L: a:G729;PCMU, fxr/fx:gw[image/t38];gw
the Call Agent authorizes the use of, and expresses a preference for,
1. Gateway controlled image/t38 (e.g., T.38oUDPTL)
2. Any other gateway procedure with "special fax handling"
3. No special fax handling (this is a function of the "fxr/fx:gw"
parameter as defined in Section 2.1 of the MGCP Fax (FXR) package
[RFC5347])
If present, the "off" parameter should appear as the last parameter.
In the following example,
L: a:G729;PCMU;t38, fxr/fx:gw[audio/t38];off
the Call Agent authorizes the use of, and expresses a preference for,
1. Gateway controlled audio/t38 (e.g., T.38oRTP)
2. No special fax handling
We can express relative preferences for different gateway controlled
fax handling procedures, not only with respect to one another, but
with respect to T.38 procedures. Consider the following preferential
list of fax handling procedures:
1. Gateway controlled audio/t38 (e.g., T.38oRTP)
2. Gateway controlled image/t38 (e.g., T.38oUDPTL)
3. Call Agent controlled image/t38
4. Gateway controlled VBD with redundancy (e.g., PCMU, V.152, and
RFC 2198)
5. Gateway controlled VBD without redundancy (e.g., PCMU and V.152)
6. Any other gateway procedure with "special fax handling"
7. No special fax handling (this is a function of the "fxr/fx:gw"
parameter as defined in Section 2.1 of the MGCP Fax (FXR) package
[RFC5347])
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This would be expressed as
L: a:G729;PCMU;t38;RED;PCMU,
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU:2 vbd=yes",
fmtp:"RED PCMU:2/PCMU:2",
fxr/fx:gw[audio/t38|image/t38];t38;gw[audio/RED|audio/PCMU:2];gw
Note that the bracketed form of the "gw" parameter is NOT defined as
part of the VBD package. The bracketed form of the "gw" parameter is
defined as an extension to the FXR package. Gateways that implement
the bracketed form of the "gw" parameter MUST return this form of the
parameter when capabilities are audited as illustrated by the
following example:
A: fxr/fx:t38;t38-loose;gw[audio/t38|image/t38];gw;off
Support for the bracketed "gw" parameter MAY be spread across
multiple capability lines:
A: a:RED;PCMU, p:10-40, e:on, s:off,
m:sendonly;recvonly;sendrecv;inactive,
gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes",
fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU",
fxr/fx:gw[audio/RED|audio/PCMU]
A: a:t38, fxr/fx:gw[audio/t38]
A: a:image/t38, fxr/fx:t38;t38-loose;gw[image/t38]
A Call Agent SHOULD only attempt to leverage the bracketed form of
the "gw" parameter in conjunction with an endpoint that indicates
support for the bracketed syntax as part of its capabilities.
Call Agents and gateways that do not support this form of the "gw"
parameter MUST ignore the bracketed MIME type information consistent
with the MGCP grammar [RFC3435].
9. Call Flow Examples
In this section, we provide two call flow examples. The first one
illustrates a modem call under gateway control using V.152. The
second one illustrates a fax call under gateway control using V.152
and Call Agent controlled T.38.
9.1. Modem Call with Gateway Controlled VBD
In this example, both sides support gateway controlled VBD using
V.152 with redundancy. We assume that the originating and
terminating Call Agents communicate via the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261]:
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RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
------------------------------------------------------------------
| #| GW-o | CA-o | CA-t | GW-t |
|==|===============|===============|===============|===============|
| 1| <-|CRCX | | |
| 2| 200(sdp-o)|-> | | |
| 3| | INVITE(sdp-o)|-> | |
| 4| | | CRCX(sdp-o)|-> |
| 5| | | <-|200 (sdp-t) |
| 6| | <-|200(sdp-t) | |
| 7| <-|MDCX(sdp-t) | | |
| 8| 200|-> | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| 9| | | |<- ANS/T.30 CED|
|10| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd start)|
|11| | | 200|-> |
|12|NTFY(gwvbd start) -> | | |
|13| <-|200 | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|14| | | | (modem ends) |
|15| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd stop) |
|16| | | 200|-> |
|17|NTFY(gwvbd stop) -> | | |
|18| <-|200 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 1:
The Call Agent issues a CreateConnection command to the gateway,
instructing it to use G.729 media encoding and to notify it of the
"gwvbd" and "nopvbd" events. The Call Agent authorizes the
negotiation of G.711u as a VBD codec with a redundancy level
of one:
CRCX 1000 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 1
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU"
M: recvonly
R: vbd/gwvbd, vbd/nopvbd
X: 1
Q: process, loop
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 28]
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Step 2:
The gateway acknowledges the command and includes SDP with codec
information as well as V.152 and redundancy information:
200 1000 OK
I:1
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
t=0 0
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
Step 3:
The originating Call Agent sends a SIP INVITE message with the SDP
to the terminating Call Agent.
Step 4:
The terminating Call Agent issues a CreateConnection command to
the terminating gateway, instructing it to use G.729 media
encoding and to notify it of the "gwvbd" and "nopvbd" events.
Again, the Call Agent authorizes the negotiation of G.711u as a
VBD codec with a redundancy level of one:
CRCX 2000 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 2
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU"
M: sendrecv
R: vbd/gwvbd, vbd/nopvbd
X: 20
Q: process, loop
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 29]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
t=0 0
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
Step 5:
The terminating gateway supports V.152 and redundancy, and the
RemoteConnectionDescriptor included indicates that the other side
supports V.152 and redundancy. The terminating gateway sends back
a success response with its SDP, which also includes V.152 and
redundancy information:
200 2000 OK
I:2
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.2
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
t=0 0
m=audio 1296 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
Step 6:
The terminating Call Agent sends back a SIP 200 OK response to the
originating Call Agent, which in turn sends a SIP ACK (not shown).
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Step 7:
The originating Call Agent in turn sends a ModifyConnection
command to the originating gateway:
MDCX 1001 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 1
I: 1
M: sendrecv
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.2
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
t=0 0
m=audio 1296 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
Since the RemoteConnectionDescriptor indicates that the other side
supports V.152 and redundancy, the gateway will in fact be able to
use the gateway controlled VBD procedure with redundancy. Had
there not been any support for V.152 in the
RemoteConnectionDescriptor, then this command would still have
succeeded; however, there would be no negotiated procedure for VBD
handling.
Step 8:
The gateway acknowledges the command. At this point, a call is
established using G.729 encoding, and if a VBD call is detected,
the gateway controlled VBD procedure will be initiated.
Steps 9-10:
A modem call now occurs. The terminating gateway detects a T.30
CED tone (a.k.a. V.25 ANS) in the GSTN-to-IP direction and begins
transmitting RTP packets with the negotiated redundant VBD payload
type (96).
The "gwvbd(start)" event occurs, and a Notify command is sent to
the Call Agent:
NTFY 2500 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=ANS, codec=audio/RED, coord=v152ptsw)
X: 20
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 31]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Step 11:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 2500 OK
Step 12:
Upon receiving an RTP packet with the redundant VBD payload type
(96), the originating gateway begins transmitting RTP packets with
the redundant VBD payload type.
The "gwvbd(start)" event occurs, and a Notify command is sent to
the Call Agent:
NTFY 1500 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=PTSW, codec=audio/RED)
X: 1
Step 13:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 1500 OK
Steps 14-15:
The modem call ends. The terminating gateway detects
bidirectional silence and begins transmitting RTP packets with the
negotiated audio payload type (18).
The "gwvbd(stop)" event occurs, and a Notify command is sent to
the Call Agent:
NTFY 2501 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: vbd/gwvbd(stop, rc=SIL, codec=audio/G729)
X: 20
Step 16:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 2501 OK
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 32]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Step 17:
Upon receiving an RTP packet with the audio payload type (18), the
originating gateway begins transmitting RTP packets with the audio
payload type.
The "gwvbd(stop)" event occurs, and a Notify command is sent to
the Call Agent:
NTFY 1501 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: vbd/gwvbd(stop, rc=PTSW, codec=audio/G729)
X: 1
Step 18:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 1501 OK
The modem call is now over.
9.2. Fax Call with Gateway Controlled VBD and Call Agent Controlled
T.38
In this example, both sides support gateway controlled VBD using
V.152 with redundancy and Call Agent controlled T.38. We assume that
the originating and terminating Call Agent communicate via the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [RFC3261]:
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 33]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
------------------------------------------------------------------
| #| GW-o | CA-o | CA-t | GW-t |
|==|===============|===============|===============|===============|
| 1| <-|CRCX | | |
| 2| 200(sdp-o)|-> | | |
| 3| | INVITE(sdp-o)|-> | |
| 4| | | CRCX(sdp-o)|-> |
| 5| | | <-|200 (sdp-t) |
| 6| | <-|200(sdp-t) | |
| 7| <-|MDCX(sdp-t) | | |
| 8| 200|-> | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
| 9| | | |<- ANS/T.30 CED|
|10| | | <- NTFY(gwvbd start)|
|11| | | 200|-> |
|12|NTFY(gwvbd start) -> | | |
|13| <-|200 | | |
|14| | | <- V.21 Preamble|
|15| | | <- NTFY(t38 start)|
|16| | | 200|-> |
|17| | | MDCX(t38)|-> |
|18| | | <-|200(sdp-t2) |
|19| | <-|INVITE(sdp-t2) | |
|20| <-|MDCX(sdp-t2) | | |
|21| 200(sdp-o2)|-> | | |
|22| | 200(sdp-o2)|-> | |
|23| | | MDCX(sdp-o2)|-> |
|24| | | <-|200 |
|25| V.21 Preamble |-> | | |
|26|NTFY(t38 start)|-> | | |
|27| <-|200 | | |
|--|---------------|---------------|---------------|---------------|
|28| | | | (fax ends) |
|29| | | <-|NTFY(t38 stop) |
|30| | | 200|-> |
|31|NTFY(t38 stop) |-> | | |
|32| <-|200 | | |
------------------------------------------------------------------
Step 1:
The Call Agent issues a CreateConnection command to the gateway,
instructing it to use G.729 media encoding and to use either the
strict T.38 procedure or the gateway procedure. Consequently, the
Call Agent requests notification of the "t38", "gwfax", "gwvbd",
and "nopvbd" events. The Call Agent authorizes the negotiation of
G.711u as a VBD codec with a redundancy level of one:
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 34]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
CRCX 1000 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 1
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU",
fxr/fx:t38;gw
M: recvonly
R: fxr/t38, fxr/gwfax, vbd/gwvbd, vbd/nopvbd
X: 1
Q: process, loop
Step 2:
The gateway acknowledges the command and includes SDP with codec
information as well as capability, V.152, and redundancy
information:
200 1000 OK
I:1
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
t=0 0
a=pmft: T38
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
Note that V.152 requires the use of the session-level "a=pmft" SDP
attribute in order to express a preference for T.38 over V.152 for
fax handling.
Step 3:
The originating Call Agent sends a SIP INVITE message with the SDP
to the terminating Call Agent.
Step 4:
The terminating Call Agent issues a CreateConnection command to
the terminating gateway, instructing it to use G.729 media
encoding and to use either the strict T.38 procedure or the
gateway procedure. Consequently, the Call Agent requests
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 35]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
notification of the "t38", "gwfax", "gwvbd", and "nopvbd" events.
Again, the Call Agent authorizes the negotiation of G.711u as a
VBD codec with a redundancy level of one:
CRCX 2000 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 2
L: a:G729;RED;PCMU, gpmd/gpmd:"PCMU vbd=yes", fmtp:"RED PCMU/PCMU",
fxr/fx:t38;gw
M: sendrecv
R: fxr/t38, fxr/gwfax, vbd/gwvbd, vbd/nopvbd
X: 20
Q: process, loop
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
t=0 0
a=pmft: T38
m=audio 3456 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
Step 5:
The terminating gateway supports T.38, and the
RemoteConnectionDescriptor included indicates that the other side
supports T.38 as well, so the strict T.38 Call Agent controlled
procedure requested can be used. The terminating gateway supports
V.152 and redundancy, and the RemoteConnectionDescriptor included
indicates that the other side supports V.152 and redundancy, so
gateway controlled VBD using V.152 and redundancy can be used for
modem and text transmissions. The terminating gateway sends back
a success response with its SDP, which also includes capability,
V.152, and redundancy information:
200 2000 OK
I:2
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.2
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 36]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
t=0 0
a=pmft: T38
m=audio 1296 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
Step 6:
The terminating Call Agent sends back a SIP 200 OK response to the
originating Call Agent, which in turn sends a SIP ACK (not shown).
Step 7:
The originating Call Agent in turn sends a ModifyConnection
command to the originating gateway:
MDCX 1001 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 1
I: 1
M: sendrecv
v=0
o=- 25678 753849 IN IP4 192.0.2.2
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
t=0 0
a=pmft: T38
m=audio 1296 RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
The ModifyConnection command does not repeat the
LocalConnectionOptions sent previously. As far as fax handling is
concerned, the gateway therefore attempts to continue using the
current fax handling procedure, i.e., strict Call Agent controlled
T.38. Since the capability information indicates that the other
side supports T.38, the gateway will in fact be able to use the
strict Call Agent controlled T.38 procedure. Since the
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 37]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
RemoteConnectionDescriptor indicates that the other side supports
V.152 and redundancy, the gateway will in fact be able to use the
V.152 VBD procedure with redundancy.
Step 8:
The gateway acknowledges the command. At this point, a call is
established using G.729 encoding, and if a fax call is detected,
the Call Agent controlled T.38 procedure will be initiated. If a
modem or text call is detected, the V.152 VBD procedure will be
initiated.
Steps 9-10:
The terminating gateway detects the T.30 CED tone (a.k.a. V.25
ANS). Since both fax and modem calls can start with this
sequence, it is not possible to determine that this is a fax call
until step 14, where the V.21 fax preamble is detected. The
terminating gateway begins transmitting RTP packets with the
negotiated redundant VBD payload type (96).
The "gwvbd(start)" event occurs, and a Notify command is sent to
the Call Agent:
NTFY 2500 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=ANS, codec=audio/RED, coord=v152ptsw)
X: 20
Step 11:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 2500 OK
Step 12:
Upon receiving an RTP packet with the redundant VBD payload type
(96), the originating gateway begins transmitting RTP packets with
the redundant VBD payload type.
The "gwvbd(start)" event occurs, and a Notify command is sent to
the Call Agent:
NTFY 1500 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: vbd/gwvbd(start, rc=PTSW, codec=audio/RED)
X: 1
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 38]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Step 13:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 1500 OK
Steps 14-15:
The terminating gateway detects the V.21 fax preamble.
The terminating gateway is using the Call Agent controlled T.38
strict procedure for fax calls, so the "t38(start)" event occurs,
and a Notify command is sent to the Call Agent:
NTFY 2500 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
O: fxr/t38(start)
X: 20
Step 16:
The Call Agent acknowledges the Notify command:
200 2500 OK
Step 17:
The Call Agent then instructs the terminating gateway to change to
using the "image/t38" MIME type instead:
MDCX 2002 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 2
I: 2
L: a:image/t38
R: fxr/t38
X: 21
Note that the Call Agent is no longer requesting notification of
the "gwvbd" event.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 39]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Step 18:
The terminating gateway sends back a success response with its
SDP, which also includes the "image/t38" media description:
200 2002 OK
v=0
o=- 25678 753850 IN IP4 192.0.2.2
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
t=0 0
m=image 1296 udptl t38
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=cpar: a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=cpar: a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
The gwvbd procedure ends due to the media type change. The
"gwvbd(stop)" event notification would normally be sent at this
point; however, the Call Agent is no longer requesting
notification of the "gwvbd" event. The Call Agent would have
inferred from the "t38(start)" event that the gwvbd procedure
ended.
Step 19:
The terminating Call Agent sends a re-INVITE to the originating
Call Agent with the updated SDP.
Step 20:
The originating Call Agent then sends a ModifyConnection command
to the originating gateway:
MDCX 1003 ds/ds1-1/1@gw-o.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 1
I: 1
R: fxr/t38
X: 2
v=0
o=- 25678 753850 IN IP4 192.0.2.2
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.2
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 40]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
t=0 0
m=image 1296 udptl t38
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=cpar: a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=cpar: a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
Step 21:
The originating gateway changes to T.38 and sends back a success
response with the updated SDP:
200 1003 OK
v=0
o=- 25678 753850 IN IP4 192.0.2.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
t=0 0
m=image 3456 udptl t38
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=cpar: a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=cpar: a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
Again, the gwvbd procedure ends due to the media type change. The
"gwvbd(stop)" event notification would normally be sent at this
point; however, the Call Agent is no longer requesting
notification of the "gwvbd" event.
Step 22:
The originating Call Agent sends a SIP 200 OK response with the
updated SDP to the terminating Call Agent, which in turn sends a
SIP ACK (not shown).
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 41]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Step 23:
The terminating Call Agent sends a ModifyConnection with the
updated SDP to the terminating gateway:
MDCX 2002 ds/ds1-1/2@gw-t.whatever.net MGCP 1.0
C: 2
I: 2
v=0
o=- 25678 753850 IN IP4 192.0.2.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.0.2.1
t=0 0
m=image 3456 udptl t38
a=sqn: 0
a=cdsc: 1 audio RTP/AVP 18 96 97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:96 RED/8000
a=cpar: a=fmtp:96 97/97
a=cpar: a=rtpmap:97 PCMU/8000
a=cpar: a=gpmd:97 vbd=yes
a=cdsc: 4 image udptl t38
Steps 24-32:
These steps correspond to the Call Agent controlled T.38 strict
procedure as defined in the MGCP Fax (FXR) package [RFC5347].
10. Security Considerations
This document defines two new packages, both of which have security
considerations in two areas:
1. MGCP signaling message security
2. Media stream security
From an MGCP signaling security point of view, the MGCP VBD and GPMD
packages define extensions to the basic MGCP signaling specification
in accordance with the procedures specified in MGCP [RFC3435], and
hence the MGCP signaling security considerations and recommendations
provided in Section 5 of [RFC3435] (namely the use of IPsec) apply
here as well. Lack of MGCP signaling integrity protection can in
general be detrimental to any use of MGCP, and the two packages
defined here do not change that. From a confidentiality point of
view, the VBD package is not believed to convey any vulnerable or
privacy-sensitive information. The GPMD package is slightly
different inasmuch as it does not define any specific parameters that
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 42]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
are believed to require confidentiality; however, it is a generic
parameter that can carry any codec parameter information, and hence
it is possible that confidential information is conveyed through this
parameter. If confidentiality of any such potential information is a
concern, confidentiality protection of the MGCP signaling MUST be
provided as well. It should be noted that Section 8 of [RFC5406]
provides considerations for specifying the use of IPsec that are
above and beyond those provided in [RFC3435]; however, given that the
use of IPsec for MGCP applies to all of MGCP, and not just the MGCP
VBD and GPMD packages, we do not specify such additional detail here.
From a media stream security point of view, the MGCP VBD and GPMD
packages again define extensions that rely on the general use of
media streams defined in MGCP [RFC3435], and hence the MGCP media
stream security considerations and recommendations provided in
Section 5.1 of [RFC3435] apply here as well. Lack of media stream
security can in general be detrimental to any media stream
established via MGCP, and the two packages defined here do not change
that. Confidentiality concerns apply as for any other media stream.
Integrity concerns are further compounded by the GPMD package's use
of payload type switching, state signaling events, and media stream
in-band triggers to drive overall Voiceband Data operation: Integrity
protection with replay protection MUST be used to counter these
threats.
Ideally, there would be a single mandatory-to-implement media stream
security mechanism to provide this integrity protection, and in
theory there is, since MGCP [RFC3435] defines a media stream security
mechanism. However, the standard MGCP media stream security
mechanism defined in [RFC3435] relies on the encryption key ("k=")
field defined in the original SDP specification [RFC2327], the use of
which is no longer recommended in the current SDP specification
[RFC4566]. In practice, this mechanism has also seen very limited
implementation, and hence there is not much value in relying on it.
Still, the integrity protection requirement remains, and there are
several different ways this can be achieved:
Secure RTP: For RTP-based media streams, the use of Secure RTP
[RFC3711] with an associated key management mechanism is generally
preferred at the time of this writing; however, such a mechanism
has currently not been defined for MGCP.
PacketCable Security: The PacketCable Network-Based Call Signaling
Protocol [NCS] defines another media stream security mechanism
that is generally supported by PacketCable-compliant
implementations. Implementations targeted for those environments
SHOULD implement this security mechanism.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 43]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Lower-Level Security: In the absence of a common media stream
security mechanism supported by both endpoints, a lower-level
security mechanism, e.g., IPsec, MUST be used. Note that since
there is no inherent MGCP signaling support for such a lower-level
security mechanism, it MUST be configured by other means.
11. IANA Considerations
The IANA has registered the following MGCP packages:
Package Title Name Version
------------- ---- -------
Voiceband Data VBD 0
General-Purpose Media Descriptor Parameter GPMD 0
12. Acknowledgements
Several people have contributed to the development of the MGCP VBD
and GPMD packages and the use of the MIME subtypes "RED" and
"parityfec" with the FM package for VBD with redundancy and FEC. In
particular, the authors would like to thank Flemming Andreasen, John
Atkinson, Bill Foster, and the CableLabs PacketCable TGCP/NCS focus
team for their contributions. Many thanks to Billy Hare for doing a
thorough review of this document.
Joe Stone and Rajesh Kumar are the main authors of this document;
security considerations and final editor role were provided by
Flemming Andreasen. Sandeep Sharma was editor on earlier versions of
the document.
13. References
13.1. Normative References
[H2482] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication
Standardization Sector, "Gateway control protocol:
Facsimile, text conversation and call discrimination
packages", ITU-T Recommendation H.248.2, November 2000.
[NCS] CableLabs(R), "PacketCable(TM) 1.5 Specifications:
Network-Based Call Signaling Protocol, PKT-SP-NCS1.5-I03-
070412", April 2007.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 44]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
[RFC2198] Perkins, C., Kouvelas, I., Hodson, O., Hardman, V.,
Handley, M., Bolot, J., Vega-Garcia, A., and S. Fosse-
Parisis, "RTP Payload for Redundant Audio Data", RFC 2198,
September 1997.
[RFC3407] Andreasen, F., "Session Description Protocol (SDP) Simple
Capability Declaration", RFC 3407, October 2002.
[RFC3435] Andreasen, F. and B. Foster, "Media Gateway Control
Protocol (MGCP) Version 1.0", RFC 3435, January 2003.
[RFC3550] Schulzrinne, H., Casner, S., Frederick, R., and V.
Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time
Applications", STD 64, RFC 3550, July 2003.
[RFC3660] Foster, B. and F. Andreasen, "Basic Media Gateway Control
Protocol (MGCP) Packages", RFC 3660, December 2003.
[RFC4566] Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
Description Protocol", RFC 4566, July 2006.
[RFC4733] Schulzrinne, H. and T. Taylor, "RTP Payload for DTMF
Digits, Telephony Tones, and Telephony Signals", RFC 4733,
December 2006.
[RFC4734] Schulzrinne, H. and T. Taylor, "Definition of Events for
Modem, Fax, and Text Telephony Signals", RFC 4734,
December 2006.
[RFC5109] Li, A., Ed., "RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error
Correction", RFC 5109, December 2007.
[RFC5234] Crocker, D., Ed., and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for
Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68, RFC 5234,
January 2008.
[RFC5347] Andreasen, F. and D. Hancock, "Media Gateway Control
Protocol Fax Package", RFC 5347, October 2008.
[V1501] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication
Standardization Sector, "Modem-over-IP networks:
Procedures for the end-to-end connection of V-series
DCEs", ITU-T Recommendation V.150.1, January 2003.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 45]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
[V1501A1] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication
Standardization Sector, "Modem-over-IP networks:
Procedures for the end-to-end connection of V-series DCEs,
Amendment 1: Modification to SSE reason identifier codes
to support voice band data and text relay",
ITU-T Recommendation V.150.1 Amendment 1, January 2005.
[V152] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication
Standardization Sector, "Procedures for supporting Voice-
Band Data over IP Networks", ITU-T Recommendation V.152,
January 2005.
13.2. Informative References
[RFC2327] Handley, M. and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
Protocol", RFC 2327, April 1998.
[RFC3261] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston,
A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E.
Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261,
June 2002.
[RFC3711] Baugher, M., McGrew, D., Naslund, M., Carrara, E., and K.
Norrman, "The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)",
RFC 3711, March 2004.
[RFC5406] Bellovin, S., "Guidelines for Specifying the Use of IPsec
Version 2", BCP 146, RFC 5406, February 2009.
[T38] International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication
Standardization Sector, "Procedures for real-time Group 3
facsimile communication over IP networks",
ITU-T Recommendation T.38, April 2004.
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 46]
RFC 6498 MGCP VBD Package February 2012
Authors' Addresses
Joe Stone
Cisco Systems
2200 East President George Bush Highway
Richardson, TX 75082
USA
EMail: joestone@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Rajesh Kumar
Cisco Systems
Mail Stop SJCE/1/1
190 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
EMail: rkumar@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Flemming Andreasen
Cisco Systems
Iselin, NJ 08830
USA
EMail: fandreas@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Stone, et al. Informational [Page 47]
ERRATA
