| RFC : | rfc9541 |
| Title: | DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC) |
| Date: | March 2024 |
| Status: | PROPOSED STANDARD |
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) J. Rabadan, Ed.
Request for Comments: 9541 S. Sathappan
Category: Standards Track K. Nagaraj
ISSN: 2070-1721 Nokia
M. Miyake
T. Matsuda
Softbank
March 2024
Flush Mechanism for Customer MAC Addresses Based on Service Instance
Identifier (I-SID) in Provider Backbone Bridging EVPN (PBB-EVPN)
Abstract
Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) can be combined with Ethernet
Virtual Private Networks (EVPNs) to deploy Ethernet Local Area
Network (E-LAN) services in large Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS) networks. That combination is what we refer to as "PBB-EVPN."
Single-Active multihoming and per Service Instance Identifier (I-SID)
load-balancing can be provided to access devices and aggregation
networks. In order to speed up the network convergence in case of
failures on Single-Active multihomed Ethernet Segments (ESs), PBB-
EVPN defines a flush mechanism for Customer MACs (C-MACs) called
"C-MAC flush" that works for different Ethernet Segment Backbone MAC
(B-MAC) address allocation models. This document complements those
C-MAC flush procedures for cases in which no PBB-EVPN ESs are defined
(i.e., the attachment circuit is associated with a zero Ethernet
Segment Identifier (ESI)) and the C-MAC flush requires I-SID-level
granularity.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9541.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Abbreviations
1.2. Terminology and Conventions
2. Solution Requirements
3. EVPN BGP Encoding for I-SID-Based C-MAC Flush
4. Solution Description
4.1. I-SID-Based C-MAC Flush Activation Procedures
4.2. C-MAC Flush Generation
4.3. C-MAC Flush Process upon Receiving a C-MAC Flush
Notification
5. Conclusions
6. Security Considerations
7. IANA Considerations
8. References
8.1. Normative References
8.2. Informative References
Acknowledgments
Authors' Addresses
1. Introduction
[RFC7623] defines how Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB) can be
combined with Ethernet Virtual Private Networks (EVPNs) to deploy
E-LAN services in very large MPLS networks. [RFC7623] also describes
how Single-Active multihoming and per-I-SID load-balancing can be
provided to access devices and aggregation networks. When Access
Ethernet and/or MPLS networks exist, [EVPN-VIRTUAL-ES] describes how
virtual Ethernet Segments (ESs) can be associated with a group of
Ethernet Virtual Circuits (EVCs) or even pseudowires (PWs). In order
to speed up the network convergence in case of failures on Single-
Active multihomed ESs, [RFC7623] defines a Customer MAC flush
mechanism that works for different ES B-MAC address allocation
models.
In some cases, the administrative entities that manage the access
devices or aggregation networks do not demand multihomed ESs from the
PBB-EVPN provider, but simply demand multiple single-homed ESs.
Single-homed ESs use null ESIs, whereas multihomed ESs use non-null
ESIs. If using single-homed ESs, the PBB-EVPN network is no longer
aware of the redundancy offered by the access administrative entity.
Figure 1 shows an example where the PBB-EVPN network provides four
different Attachment Circuits (ACs) for I-SID1, with those ACs not
being part of any ES or virtual ES. (Therefore, they are referred to
as null virtual Ethernet Segments.)
<----G.8032----><--PBB-EVPN Network-----><----MPLS---->
Access MPLS Access
Ring Network
I-SID1 ESI +------+ +------+
+----+ null| PE1 |---------| PE3 |
|CE1 |----------|B-MAC1| |B-MAC3| ESI null
+----+ active| | | |----+ PW
| +------+ +------+ \active
| | | \ +----+
| | | ==|CE3 |I-SID1
| | | / +----+
|standby ESI +------+ +------+ / PW
+----+ null| PE2 | | PE4 |----+ standby
|CE2 |----------|B-MAC2| |B-MAC4| ESI null
+----+ active| |---------| |
I-SID1 +------+ +------+
Figure 1: PBB-EVPN and Non-ES-Based Redundancy
In the example in Figure 1, CE1, CE2, and CE3 are attached to the
same service, identified by I-SID1, in the PBB-EVPN PEs. CE1 and CE2
are connected to the PEs via "Ethernet ring protection switching" as
specified in [G.8032], and their ACs to PE1 and PE2 are represented
by a port and VLAN identifier. CE3 is dual-homed to PE3 and PE4
through an active/standby PW, and its AC to the PEs is represented by
a PW. Each of the four PEs uses a dedicated Backbone MAC address as
a source MAC address (B-MAC1, B-MAC2, B-MAC3, and B-MAC4,
respectively) when encapsulating customer frames in PBB packets and
forwarding those PBB packets to the remote PEs as per [RFC7623].
There are no multihomed ESs defined in the PBB-EVPN network of the
example; that is why the four ACs in Figure 1 show the text "ESI
null", which means the Ethernet Segment Identifier on those ACs is
zero. Since there are no multihomed ESs defined, the PEs keep their
ACs active as long as the physical connectivity is established and
the CEs are responsible for managing the redundancy, avoiding loops,
and providing per-I-SID load-balancing to the PBB-EVPN network.
Examples of CEs managing their own redundancy are described in
[G.8032], or [RFC4762] for active/standby PWs.
For instance, in normal conditions, CE2 will block its link to CE1
and CE3 will block its forwarding path to PE4. In this situation, a
failure in one of the redundant ACs will trigger the CEs to start
using their redundant paths; however, those failures will not trigger
any C-MAC flush procedures in the PEs that implement [RFC7623], since
the PEs are not using the PBB-EVPN multihoming procedures. For
example:
* If the active PW from CE3 (to PE3) fails and the failure is due to
the entire PE3 node failing, then the procedures in [RFC7623]
guarantee that all the remote PEs flush all the C-MACs associated
with B-MAC3 (the B-MAC of PE3). In this case, CE3 detects the
fault due to the PW going operationally down.
* However, if the active PW from CE3 (to PE3) fails (but PE3 is
still operationally up), following the procedures in [RFC7623],
neither PE3 nor PE4 issue a C-MAC flush message. Therefore, the
remote PEs will continue pointing at PE3's B-MAC to reach CE3's
C-MACs, until the C-MACs age out in the I-SID1 forwarding tables.
In this case, PE3 may use any of the existing PW notifications so
that CE3 switches the active PW to PE4.
* The same issue is exposed when the active PW from CE3 switches
over from PE3 to PE4 due to a manual operation on CE3; that is,
neither PE3 nor PE4 trigger any C-MAC flush notification and the
remote PEs continue sending the traffic to PE3 until the C-MACs
age out.
[RFC7623] provides a C-MAC flush solution based on a shared B-MAC
update along with the MAC Mobility extended community where the
sequence number is incremented. However, the procedure is only used
along with multihomed ESs. Even if that procedure could be used for
null ESs, as in the example of Figure 1, the Customer MAC flush
procedure in [RFC7623] would result in unnecessary flushing of
unaffected I-SIDs on the remote PEs, and subsequent flooding of
unknown unicast traffic in the network. For instance, in the case
that CE3 switches its active PW over to PE4, a potential solution
reusing the existing C-MAC flush notifications in [RFC7623] is for
PE3 to issue an update for the MAC/IP Advertisement route of B-MAC3
with a higher sequence number. However, this update would cause
unnecessary Customer MAC flushing for all the I-SIDs attached to PE3
(supposing multiple I-SIDs in PE3) rather than for only I-SID1.
This document describes an extension of the Customer MAC flush
procedures in [RFC7623], so that in the failure example above, PE3
can trigger a Customer MAC flush notification that makes PE1, PE2,
and PE4 flush all the Customer MACs associated with PE3's B-MAC3 and
(only) I-SID1. In order to do so, this specification introduces the
encoding of the I-SID in the MAC/IP Advertisement routes advertised
for the B-MACs. The C-MAC flush procedure explained in this document
is referred to as "PBB-EVPN I-SID-based C-MAC flush" and can be used
in PBB-EVPN networks with null or non-null (virtual) ESs.
This specification assumes that the reader is familiar with the
procedures in [RFC7623].
1.1. Abbreviations
AC: Attachment Circuit
B-MAC: Backbone MAC
CE: Customer Edge
C-MAC: Customer MAC
ES: Ethernet Segment
ESI: Ethernet Segment Identifier
EVI: EVPN Instance
EVPN: Ethernet Virtual Private Network (as in [RFC7432])
I-SID: Service Instance Identifier
MAC: Media Access Control
MAC-VRF: MAC Virtual Routing and Forwarding
PBB-EVPN: Provider Backbone Bridging and EVPN (as in [RFC7623])
PE: Provider Edge
1.2. Terminology and Conventions
Familiarity with the terminology in [RFC7623] is expected.
B-MAC/0 route: This is an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route that uses
a B-MAC in the MAC address field and a zero Ethernet Tag ID.
B-MAC/I-SID route: This is an EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route that
uses a B-MAC in the MAC address field and an I-SID in the Ethernet
Tag field. It is used to notify remote PEs about the required
C-MAC flush procedure for the C-MACs associated with the
advertised B-MAC and I-SID.
G.8032: Refers to Ethernet ring protection switching as described in
[G.8032].
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
2. Solution Requirements
The following requirements are followed by the C-MAC flush solution
described in this document:
a. The solution MUST prevent packet-loss scenarios in case of
failures on null ES ACs (Attachment Circuits not associated with
an ES; that is, their corresponding ESI is zero) when the access
device or access network is responsible for the redundancy.
b. This extension described in this document MUST work with Single-
Active non-null ESs and virtual ESs, irrespective of the PE B-MAC
address assignment (dedicated per-ES B-MAC or shared B-MAC, as in
[RFC7623]).
c. In case of failure on the egress PE, the solution MUST provide a
C-MAC flush notification at the B-MAC and I-SID granularity
level.
d. The solution MUST provide a reliable C-MAC flush notification in
PBB-EVPN networks that use Route Reflectors (RRs). MAC flushing
needs to be provided to all affected I-SIDs in spite of the BGP
flush notification messages being aggregated at the RR.
e. The solution MUST coexist in [RFC7623] networks where there are
PEs that do not support this specification.
f. The solution SHOULD be enabled or disabled by an administrative
option on a per-PE and per-I-SID basis (as opposed to always
being enabled for all the I-SIDs).
3. EVPN BGP Encoding for I-SID-Based C-MAC Flush
The solution does not use any new BGP attributes but reuses the MAC
Mobility extended community as an indication of C-MAC flush (as in
[RFC7623]) and encodes the I-SID in the Ethernet Tag field of the
EVPN MAC/IP advertisement route. As a reference, Figure 2 shows the
MAC Mobility extended community and the EVPN MAC/IP advertisement
route that are used as specified in [RFC7432] and used in this
document as a C-MAC flush notification message.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type=0x06 | Sub-Type=0x03 | Flags | Reserved=0 |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sequence Number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+---------------------------------------+
| Route Distinguisher |
+---------------------------------------+
| ESI = 0 |
+---------------------------------------+
| Ethernet Tag ID = I-SID |
+---------------------------------------+
| MAC Address Length = 48 |
+---------------------------------------+
| B-MAC Address |
+---------------------------------------+
| IP Address Length = 0 |
+---------------------------------------+
| MPLS Label1 |
+---------------------------------------+
Figure 2: C-MAC Flush Notification Encoding: B-MAC/I-SID Route
Where:
* The route's route distinguisher and route targets are the ones
corresponding to its EVI. Alternatively to the EVI's Route Target
(RT), the route MAY be tagged with an RT auto-derived from the
Ethernet Tag (I-SID) instead. [RFC7623] describes how the EVPN
MAC/IP Advertisement routes can be advertised along with the EVI
RT or an RT that is derived from the I-SID.
* The Ethernet Tag encodes the I-SID. This indicates to the PE that
it must flush the C-MACs for that encoded I-SID, upon reception of
the route.
* The MAC address field encodes the B-MAC address. This indicates
to the PE that it must flush the C-MACs associated with that
encoded B-MAC, upon reception of the route.
* The MAC Mobility extended community is used as in [RFC7623], where
an increment in the sequence number between two updates for the
same B-MAC/I-SID will be interpreted as a C-MAC flush notification
for the corresponding B-MAC and I-SID.
All the other fields are set and used as defined in [RFC7623]. This
document will refer to this route as the "B-MAC/I-SID route", as
opposed to the EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement route used in [RFC7623] that
contains a specific B-MAC and the Ethernet Tag ID set to zero. This
document uses the term "B-MAC/0 route" to represent a B-MAC route
advertised with an Ethernet Tag ID = 0.
Note that this B-MAC/I-SID route will be accepted and reflected by
any RR as specified in [RFC7432], since no new attributes or values
are used. A PE receiving the route will process the received B-MAC/
I-SID update only in the case of supporting the procedures described
in this document.
4. Solution Description
Figure 1 will be used in the description of the solution. CE1, CE2,
and CE3 are connected to ACs associated with I-SID1, where no
(multihomed) ESs have been enabled, and the ACs and PWs are in active
or standby state as per Figure 1.
Enabling or disabling I-SID-based C-MAC flush SHOULD be an
administrative choice on the system that MAY be configured per I-SID
(I-Component, Service Instance Component), as opposed to being
configured for all I-SIDs. When enabled on a PE:
a. The PE will be able to generate B-MAC/I-SID routes as C-MAC Flush
notifications for the remote PEs.
b. The PE will be able to process B-MAC/I-SID routes received from
remote PEs.
The PE MUST follow the procedures in [RFC7623] for C-MAC flush. This
specification provides some additional procedures when I-SID-based
C-MAC flush is enabled.
This C-MAC flush specification is described in three sets of
procedures:
* I-SID-based C-MAC flush activation
* C-MAC flush notification generation upon AC failures
* C-MAC flush process upon receiving a C-MAC flush notification
4.1. I-SID-Based C-MAC Flush Activation Procedures
The following behavior MUST be followed by the PBB-EVPN PEs following
this specification. Figure 1 is used as a reference.
* As in [RFC7623], each PE advertises a shared B-MAC in a B-MAC/0
route (with B-MAC1, B-MAC2, B-MAC3, and B-MAC4 in the MAC address
field, respectively). This is the B-MAC that each PE will use as
B-MAC SA (Source Address) when encapsulating the frames received
on any local single-homed AC. Each PE will import the received
B-MAC/0 routes from the remote PEs and will install the B-MACs in
its B-component (Backbone Component) MAC-VRF. For instance, PE1
will advertise B-MAC1/0 and will install B-MAC2, B-MAC3, and
B-MAC4 in its MAC-VRF.
* Assuming I-SID-based C-MAC flush is activated for I-SID1, the PEs
will advertise the shared B-MAC with I-SID1 encoded in the
Ethernet Tag. That is, PE1 will advertise B-MAC1/1 and will
receive B-MAC2/1, B-MAC3/1, and B-MAC4/1. The receiving PEs MUST
use these B-MAC/I-SID routes only for C-MAC flush procedures and
they MUST NOT be used to add/withdraw any B-MAC entry in the MAC-
VRFs. As per [RFC7623], only B-MAC/0 routes can be used to add/
withdraw B-MACs in the MAC-VRFs.
* The above procedure MAY also be used for dedicated B-MACs (B-MACs
allocated per ES).
4.2. C-MAC Flush Generation
If, for instance, there is a failure on PE1's AC, PE1 will generate
an update including B-MAC1/1 along with the MAC Mobility extended
community where the Sequence Number has been incremented. The
reception of the B-MAC1/1 with an increment in the sequence number
will trigger the C-MAC flush procedures on the receiving PEs.
* An AC going operationally down MUST generate a B-MAC/I-SID with a
higher Sequence Number. If the AC going down makes the entire
local I-SID go operationally down, the PE will withdraw the B-MAC/
I-SID route for the I-SID.
* An AC going operationally up SHOULD NOT generate any B-MAC/I-SID
update, unless it activates its corresponding I-SID, in which case
the PE will advertise the B-MAC/I-SID route.
* An AC receiving a G.8032 flush notification or a flush message in
any other protocol from the access network MAY propagate it to the
remote PEs by generating a B-MAC/I-SID route update with a higher
Sequence Number.
4.3. C-MAC Flush Process upon Receiving a C-MAC Flush Notification
A PE receiving a C-MAC flush notification will follow these
procedures:
* A received B-MAC/I-SID route (with a non-zero I-SID) MUST NOT add/
remove any B-MAC to/from the MAC-VRF.
* An update of a previously received B-MAC/I-SID route with an
increment Sequence Number MUST flush all the C-MACs associated
with that I-SID and B-MAC. C-MACs associated with the same I-SID
but different B-MAC MUST NOT be flushed.
* A received B-MAC/I-SID withdraw (with a non-zero I-SID) MUST flush
all the C-MACs associated with that B-MAC and I-SID.
Note that the C-MAC flush procedures described in [RFC7623] for
B-MAC/0 routes are still valid and a PE receiving [RFC7623] C-MAC
flush notification messages MUST observe the behavior specified in
[RFC7623].
5. Conclusions
The I-SID-based C-MAC flush solution described in this document has
the following benefits:
a. The solution solves packet-loss scenarios in case of failures on
null ES ACs, since the C-MAC flush procedures are independent of
the ES definition.
b. This extension can also be used with Single-Active non-null ESs
and virtual ESs, irrespective of the PE B-MAC address assignment
(dedicated per-ES B-MAC or shared B-MAC).
c. It provides a C-MAC flush notification at B-MAC and I-SID
granularity level, therefore flushing a minimum number of C-MACs
and reducing the amount of unknown unicast flooding in the
network.
d. It provides a reliable C-MAC flush notification in PBB-EVPN
networks that use RRs. RRs will propagate the C-MAC flush
notifications for all the affected I-SIDs, irrespective of the
order in which the notifications make it to the RR.
e. The solution can coexist in a network with systems supporting or
not supporting this specification. Non-supporting systems ignore
the B-MAC/I-SID routes; however, they still follow the C-MAC
flush procedures in [RFC7623].
6. Security Considerations
Security considerations described in [RFC7623] apply to this
document.
In addition, this document suggests additional procedures that can be
activated on a per I-SID basis and generate additional EVPN MAC/IP
Advertisement routes in the network. The format of these additional
EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement routes is backwards compatible with the
procedures in [RFC7623] and should not create any issues for
receiving PEs that do not follow this specification. However, the
additional routes may consume extra memory and processing resources
on the receiving PEs. Because of that, it is RECOMMENDED to activate
this feature only when necessary (when multihomed networks or devices
are attached to the PBB-EVPN PEs), and not by default in any PBB-EVPN
PE.
7. IANA Considerations
This document has no IANA actions.
8. References
8.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC7432] Sajassi, A., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Bitar, N., Isaac, A.,
Uttaro, J., Drake, J., and W. Henderickx, "BGP MPLS-Based
Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432, DOI 10.17487/RFC7432, February
2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7432>.
[RFC7623] Sajassi, A., Ed., Salam, S., Bitar, N., Isaac, A., and W.
Henderickx, "Provider Backbone Bridging Combined with
Ethernet VPN (PBB-EVPN)", RFC 7623, DOI 10.17487/RFC7623,
September 2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7623>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
8.2. Informative References
[EVPN-VIRTUAL-ES]
Sajassi, A., Brissette, P., Schell, R., Drake, J., and J.
Rabadan, "EVPN Virtual Ethernet Segment", Work in
Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-bess-evpn-virtual-
eth-segment-15, 28 February 2024,
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-bess-
evpn-virtual-eth-segment-15>.
[G.8032] ITU-T, "Ethernet ring protection switching", ITU-T
Recommendation G.8032/Y.1344, March 2020,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.8032-202003-I/en>.
[RFC4762] Lasserre, M., Ed. and V. Kompella, Ed., "Virtual Private
LAN Service (VPLS) Using Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
Signaling", RFC 4762, DOI 10.17487/RFC4762, January 2007,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4762>.
Acknowledgments
The authors want to thank Vinod Prabhu, Sriram Venkateswaran, Laxmi
Padakanti, and Ranganathan Boovaraghavan for their review and
contributions.
Authors' Addresses
Jorge Rabadan (editor)
Nokia
520 Almanor Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
United States of America
Email: jorge.rabadan@nokia.com
Senthil Sathappan
Nokia
520 Almanor Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
United States of America
Email: senthil.sathappan@nokia.com
Kiran Nagaraj
Nokia
520 Almanor Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
United States of America
Email: kiran.nagaraj@nokia.com
M. Miyake
Softbank
Email: masahiro.miyake@g.softbank.co.jp
T. Matsuda
Softbank
Email: taku.matsuda@g.softbank.co.jp
ERRATA