Constrained RESTful Environments M. S. Lenders Internet-Draft TU Dresden Intended status: Informational C. Amsüss Expires: 31 December 2024 T. C. Schmidt HAW Hamburg M. Wählisch TU Dresden & Barkhausen Institut 29 June 2024 Discovery of Network-designated OSCORE-based Resolvers: Problem Statement draft-lenders-core-dnr-02 Abstract This document states problems when designing DNS SVCB records to discover endpoints that communicate over Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE) [RFC8613]. As a consequence of learning about OSCORE, this discovery will allow a host to learn both CoAP servers and DNS over CoAP resolvers that use OSCORE to encrypt messages and Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) [RFC9528] for key exchange. Challenges arise because SVCB records are not meant to be used to exchange security contexts, which is required in OSCORE scenarios. About This Document This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC. The latest revision of this draft can be found at https://anr-bmbf- pivot.github.io/draft-lenders-core-dnr/draft-lenders-core-dnr.html. Status information for this document may be found at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-lenders-core-dnr/. Discussion of this document takes place on the Constrained RESTful Environments Working Group mailing list (mailto:core@ietf.org), which is archived at https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/core/. Subscribe at https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/core/. Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at https://github.com/anr-bmbf-pivot/draft-lenders-core-dnr. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 1] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on 31 December 2024. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/ license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Problem Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Appendix A. Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A.1. Since draft-lenders-core-dnr-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 A.2. Since draft-lenders-core-dnr-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 2] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 1. Introduction The discovery of Internet services can be facilitated by the Domain Name System (DNS). To discover services of the constrained Internet of Things (IoT) using the DNS, two challenges must be solved. First, the discovery of a DNS resolver that supports DNS resolution based on secure, IoT-friendly protocols—otherwise the subsequent discovery of IoT-tailored services would be limited to resolution protocols conflicting with constrained resources. Second, the discovery of an IoT-friendly service beyond the DNS resolution. [RFC9460] specifies the "SVCB" ("Service Binding") DNS resource record to lookup information needed to connect to a network service. Service Parameters (SvcParams) carry that information within the SVCB record. The discovery of DNS resolvers can be enabled by the DNS itself [RFC9461], [RFC9462] or, in a local network, by Router Advertisements and DHCP [RFC9463]. In all theses cases, the SvcParams is used, but supports only DNS transfer based on Transport Layer Security (TLS), namely DNS over TLS (DoT) [RFC7858], DNS over HTTPS (DoH) [RFC8484], and DNS over Dedicated QUIC (DoQ) [RFC9250]. The use of DoT, DoH, or DoQ, however, is not recommended in IoT scenarios. DNS over CoAP [I-D.ietf-core-dns-over-coap] provides a solution for encrypted DNS in constrained environments. The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) [RFC7252] is mostly agnostic to the transport layer CoAP can be transported over UDP, TCP, or WebSockets [RFC8323], and even less common transports such as Bluetooth GATT [I-D.amsuess-core-coap-over-gatt] or SMS [lwm2m] are discussed. [I-D.ietf-core-transport-indication] will cover the selection of different CoAP transports using SVCB records in a future version. CoAP offers three security modes: * *No Security:* This plain CoAP mode does not support any encryption. It is not recommended when using [I-D.ietf-core-dns-over-coap] but inherits core CoAP features such as block-wise transfer [RFC7959] for datagram-based segmentation. Such features are beneficial in constrained settings even without encryption. * *Transport Security:* CoAP may use DTLS when transferred over UDP [RFC7252] and TLS when transferred over TCP [RFC8323]. * *Object Security:* Securing content objects can be achieved using OSCORE [RFC8613]. OSCORE can be used either as an alternative or in addition to transport security. Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 3] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 OSCORE keys have a limited lifetime and need to be set up. Keys can be received from an ACE Authorization Server (AS), as described in the ACE OSCORE profile [RFC9203], or, alternatively to support "zero-touch", through an EDHOC key exchange [RFC9528], as described in the ACE EDHOC profile [I-D.ietf-ace-edhoc-oscore-profile]. The SVCB-based discovery of a CoAP service in mode "no security" is covered in [I-D.ietf-core-transport-indication], and a CoAP service in the mode "transport security" in [I-D.lenders-core-coap-dtls-svcb]. The discovery of CoAP services in mode "object security" is not specified. To guide future specifications, this document clarifies aspects when using SVCB in the context of CoAP and object security. 2. Terminology The terms "DoC server" and "DoC client" are used as defined in [I-D.ietf-core-dns-over-coap]. The terms "constrained node" and "constrained network" are used as defined in [RFC7228]. SvcParams denotes the field in either DNS SVCB/HTTPS records as defined in [RFC9460], or DHCP and RA messages as defined in [RFC9463]. SvcParamKeys are used as defined in [RFC9460]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. Problem Space The first and most important point of discussion for the discoverability of CoAP is if and what new SvcParamKeys need to be defined and what is already there. [RFC9460] defines the "alpn" key, which is used to identify the protocol suite of a service binding using its Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) ID [RFC7301]. While this is useful to identify classic transport layer security, the question is raised if this is needed or even helpful for when there is only object security. There is an ALPN ID for CoAP over TLS that is defined in [RFC8323]. As using the same ALPN ID for different transport layers is not recommended, another ALPN ID for CoAP over DTLS is introduced in [I-D.lenders-core-coap-dtls-svcb]. Object security may be Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 4] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 selected in addition to transport layer security or without it. Additionally, different CoAP transports can be selected, which may be orthogonal to the transport security. For instance, DTLS can be used over transports other than UDP. The selection of CoAP transport protocols will be covered in future versions of [I-D.ietf-core-transport-indication]. Defining an ALPN ID for each combination of object security, mode of transport layer security, and transport protocol might not be viable or scalable. For some ways of setting up object security, additional information is needed, such as an establishment options for an encryption context with EDHOC or an authentication server (AS) with ACE. Beyond the SvcParamKeys, there is the question of what the field values of the Encrypted DNS Options defined in [RFC9463] might be with EDHOC or ACE EDHOC. While most fields map, "authentication- domain-name" (ADN) and its corresponding ADN length field may not matter when authentication is driven by Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) [RFC9203] [I-D.ietf-ace-edhoc-oscore-profile]. 4. Objectives SVCB records are not meant and should not be used to exchange security contexts, so this eliminates scenarios that use pre-shared keys with OSCORE. This leaves 2 base scenarios for OSCORE, which may occur in combination, with scenarios using transport security, or alternative transport protocols: * DoC over OSCORE using EDHOC, and * DoC over OSCORE using ACE. We mostly need to answer the question for additional SvcParamKeys. [RFC9460] defines the keys "mandatory", "alpn", "no-default-alpn", "port", "ipv4hint", and "ipv6hint". Additionally, [I-D.ietf-core-dns-over-coap] defines "docpath" which carries the path for the DNS resource at the DoC server as a CBOR sequence. Since "alpn" is needed for transport layer security, the type of object security (OSCORE using EDHOC, OSCORE using ACE, OSCORE using EDHOC using ACE), needs to be conveyed in a different SvcParamKey. The semantics and necessacity of the authenticator-domain-name field in [RFC9463] needs to be evaluated in each case. When using ACE, more SvcParamKeys might be needed, such as the OAuth audience, the scope or the authentication server URI. Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 5] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 Defining these SvcParamKeys, including their value formats and spaces, as well as the behavior definition for authenticator-domain- name field, shall be part of future work. 5. Security Considerations TODO Security 6. IANA Considerations This document has no IANA considerations. 7. References 7.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, . [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, . [RFC9460] Schwartz, B., Bishop, M., and E. Nygren, "Service Binding and Parameter Specification via the DNS (SVCB and HTTPS Resource Records)", RFC 9460, DOI 10.17487/RFC9460, November 2023, . [RFC9461] Schwartz, B., "Service Binding Mapping for DNS Servers", RFC 9461, DOI 10.17487/RFC9461, November 2023, . [RFC9462] Pauly, T., Kinnear, E., Wood, C. A., McManus, P., and T. Jensen, "Discovery of Designated Resolvers", RFC 9462, DOI 10.17487/RFC9462, November 2023, . [RFC9463] Boucadair, M., Ed., Reddy.K, T., Ed., Wing, D., Cook, N., and T. Jensen, "DHCP and Router Advertisement Options for the Discovery of Network-designated Resolvers (DNR)", RFC 9463, DOI 10.17487/RFC9463, November 2023, . 7.2. Informative References Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 6] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 [I-D.amsuess-core-coap-over-gatt] Amsüss, C., "CoAP over GATT (Bluetooth Low Energy Generic Attributes)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft- amsuess-core-coap-over-gatt-06, 18 March 2024, . [I-D.ietf-ace-edhoc-oscore-profile] Selander, G., Mattsson, J. P., Tiloca, M., and R. Höglund, "Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) and Object Security for Constrained Environments (OSCORE) Profile for Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-ace-edhoc-oscore-profile-04, 4 March 2024, . [I-D.ietf-core-dns-over-coap] Lenders, M. S., Amsüss, C., Gündoğan, C., Schmidt, T. C., and M. Wählisch, "DNS over CoAP (DoC)", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-core-dns-over-coap-07, 28 June 2024, . [I-D.ietf-core-transport-indication] Amsüss, C. and M. S. Lenders, "CoAP Transport Indication", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-core- transport-indication-05, 18 March 2024, . [I-D.lenders-core-coap-dtls-svcb] Lenders, M. S., Amsüss, C., Schmidt, T. C., and M. Wählisch, "Service Binding and Parameter Specification for CoAP over (D)TLS", Work in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-lenders-core-coap-dtls-svcb-00, 21 June 2024, . [lwm2m] OMA SpecWorks, "White Paper – Lightweight M2M 1.1", October 2018, . [RFC7228] Bormann, C., Ersue, M., and A. Keranen, "Terminology for Constrained-Node Networks", RFC 7228, DOI 10.17487/RFC7228, May 2014, . Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 7] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 [RFC7252] Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252, DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014, . [RFC7301] Friedl, S., Popov, A., Langley, A., and E. Stephan, "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Extension", RFC 7301, DOI 10.17487/RFC7301, July 2014, . [RFC7858] Hu, Z., Zhu, L., Heidemann, J., Mankin, A., Wessels, D., and P. Hoffman, "Specification for DNS over Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 7858, DOI 10.17487/RFC7858, May 2016, . [RFC7959] Bormann, C. and Z. Shelby, Ed., "Block-Wise Transfers in the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7959, DOI 10.17487/RFC7959, August 2016, . [RFC8323] Bormann, C., Lemay, S., Tschofenig, H., Hartke, K., Silverajan, B., and B. Raymor, Ed., "CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) over TCP, TLS, and WebSockets", RFC 8323, DOI 10.17487/RFC8323, February 2018, . [RFC8484] Hoffman, P. and P. McManus, "DNS Queries over HTTPS (DoH)", RFC 8484, DOI 10.17487/RFC8484, October 2018, . [RFC8613] Selander, G., Mattsson, J., Palombini, F., and L. Seitz, "Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE)", RFC 8613, DOI 10.17487/RFC8613, July 2019, . [RFC9203] Palombini, F., Seitz, L., Selander, G., and M. Gunnarsson, "The Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments (OSCORE) Profile of the Authentication and Authorization for Constrained Environments (ACE) Framework", RFC 9203, DOI 10.17487/RFC9203, August 2022, . [RFC9250] Huitema, C., Dickinson, S., and A. Mankin, "DNS over Dedicated QUIC Connections", RFC 9250, DOI 10.17487/RFC9250, May 2022, . Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 8] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 [RFC9528] Selander, G., Preuß Mattsson, J., and F. Palombini, "Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC)", RFC 9528, DOI 10.17487/RFC9528, March 2024, . Appendix A. Change Log A.1. Since draft-lenders-core-dnr-01 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-lenders-core-dnr-01) * Remove parts specified in [I-D.ietf-core-transport-indication] * Remove parts specified in [I-D.lenders-core-coap-dtls-svcb] * Remove solution sketches, set objectives to solve problem space A.2. Since draft-lenders-core-dnr-00 (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-lenders-core-dnr-00) * IANA has processed the "co" ALPN and it is now added to the registry Acknowledgments TODO acknowledge. Authors' Addresses Martine Sophie Lenders TUD Dresden University of Technology Helmholtzstr. 10 D-01069 Dresden Germany Email: martine.lenders@tu-dresden.de Christian Amsüss Email: christian@amsuess.com Thomas C. Schmidt HAW Hamburg Email: t.schmidt@haw-hamburg.de Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 9] Internet-Draft CoRE DNR June 2024 Matthias Wählisch TUD Dresden University of Technology & Barkhausen Institut Helmholtzstr. 10 D-01069 Dresden Germany Email: m.waehlisch@tu-dresden.de Lenders, et al. Expires 31 December 2024 [Page 10]